Summary and Discussion.

Cities
Urban Planning

AR 505

Harshit S. Lakra
Assistant Professor
Department of Architecture and Planning
Indian Institute of Technology
Development Plan
• Should be formulated in accordance with statutory provisions of the
relevant Act.
• Conceived within the framework of the perspective plan and adjusted as
per the Regional District Plan, a Developmental Plan is to be prepared for a
period of 20‐30 years.
• The Development plan should contain the following major heads:
1. Existing Conditions and Development Issues
2. Assessment of Deficiencies and Projected Requirements
3. Vision and Mission
4. Development Proposals
5. Implementation Plan
Major Sub Heads of Development Plan
• 1. Background:
• Location, regional setting and connectivity
• Brief history of development of the town
• City influence and its characteristics including settlement pattern,
rural‐urban relationship and fringe area developments
• Physical setting – Topography, Climate, Soil (profile and condition),
Geology & Geomorphology, Litho‐logy, Neo‐Tectonics, Micro‐Seismic
zones and Hydrology, Sub‐surface aquifer systems
Major Sub Heads of Development Plan
• 2. Demographic Profile:
• Existing population and distribution
• Population growth and its composition of
• Natural growth
• Migration pattern/
• Jurisdictional changes
• Floating population
• Age‐sex composition and literacy rate (trend analysis)
• Workforce participation
• Population density (net and gross)
• Household characteristics ‐ Household sizes
Major Sub Heads of Development Plan
• Land Profile:
• Jurisdiction changes and efforts of planned development
• Existing landuse map with revenue level details
• Developable and non‐developable area
• Peri‐urban areas and urban villages, if any
• Existing zoning and development within zoned area (including inner city
area)
• Built floor space, floor space permitted
• Particulars including ‐ Vending zones, Heritage (sites, buildings and areas)
• Land development and management (Central & State Government land)
Major Sub Heads of Development Plan
4. Economic Profile: • Tertiary:
• Trade (whole sale / retail trade)
• Primary: • Tourism, Hotels and Restaurants
• Agriculture, horticulture & forestry • Transport, Storage and Communication
• Sericulture and/or Fishing • Financial services such as Banking, Insurance etc.
• Mining & quarrying • Real estate and Business services
• Public Administration
• Secondary: • Others services
• Manufacturing – large, medium and • Informal sector as informal trade, commerce.
clusters of MSME • Work‐force & Occupational pattern (Employment
data to be analysed gender wise & age wise)
• Household industries • Employment generation / Major work areas
• Construction
Major Sub Heads of Development Plan
5. Infrastructure Profile:
Transportation:
Mode of transportation ‐ by road, rail, air, water as the
case may be.
Network of roads, railways, waterways and their
interrelationship with major activity nodes
Transport Corridors & Terminals.
Trans‐intra city transportation facility
Pedestrian and bicycle
Network of city‐level non‐motorized routes and zones
Goods movement system
Transportation land use integration
Parking
Signage and way findings
Facilities like:
• Education: schools, technical institutes, universities,
• Health care: Dispensary, health centres, hospitals
• Recreational spaces, Parks and Open spaces
• Religious spaces
• Socio‐cultural facilities
Physical Infrastructure: (benchmarks)
• Water supply: network, existing demand and supply scenario, water
transmission, reservoirs and distribution, rainwater harvesting
• Energy: existing demand and supply scenario, transmission and
distribution network, renewable energy
• Drainage, Sanitation and Solid waste disposal: existing demand and
supply scenario,
• generation and collection system, transportation, treatment,
re‐cycling and re‐use of waste
• Transport and Communication
• Police protection, Fire protection
• Cremation and graveyards
• Disaster management centre
Major Sub Heads of Development Plan
Shelter (both formal and informal)
5. Infrastructure Profile: Housing scenario
Environmental Profile Housing stock & supply
Eco‐sensitive zone ‐ Protected or restricted areas such as National Mapping of slums, squatter settlements/JJ clusters,
parks and Wildlife
other informal settlements
sanctuaries and eco‐sensitive buffers around it
Housing supply mechanism,
River, Water bodies and wetlands
Coastal/ Hill zone, if any
Housing need assessment including typologies
• Low cost housing
Green & Forest cover
• Affordable Housing
Pollution levels ‐ air, water, noise, soil pollution • Rental Housing
Disaster Management • Night shelters
Hazard prone zones such as earthquake, floods/flash floods, high • Public housing
winds, cyclone, fire, land
• Slum settlements
slide, tsunami • Squatter settlement
Disaster mapping ‐ vulnerability and risk assessment of the region
All environmentally sensitive areas
Major Sub Heads of Development Plan
8. Administrative profile:
Legal framework
Institutional framework & manpower
Fiscal: Sources of revenue, streams of
expenditure – existing and required
Major policy issues
Key issues in governance
Grievance Redress
City level reforms
9. Maps & Plans:
Existing landuse / utilisation plan
Historical city growth map
Infrastructure maps
Environmentally sensitive zones map
Disaster maps
10. Gap analysis:
Based on the existing conditions and the projected
requirements of the planning area, a gap analysis is
suggested to be done and issues be identified.
Projected Requirements
Projected Requirements
Projected Requirements
Development of Proposal
1. Land use Plan:
Hierarchy: Concept of hierarchy of planning units and spatial development of various activity
nodes, facility centres and network of roads
Proposed land use plan
Zoning regulations for proposed land use categories (refer Chapter 9 for details for the land
use classification) including:
Residential areas
Commercial areas
Manufacturing area
Public and semi‐public
Parks, Playgrounds and Open Spaces
Transport and Communication
Special areas
Old built‐up (core) area
Heritage and conservation areas
Scenic value areas
Disaster prone areas / Eco‐sensitive area
Primary activities
Water‐bodies
Development of Proposal
1. Comprehensive Mobility Plan:
Mass transportation system and land uses interfaces.
TOD development with priority for NMV around nodes
Integration of proposed Comprehensive Mobility Plan
Development of Proposal
• A seamless plan implementation schedule must be prepared for Development Plan
• It should contain roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders, resource mobilisation framework and phase‐wise
implementation schedule for planned project activities.
• Implementation framework should be in line with aims, objectives and prioritised projects and schemes
Case study
 Legislations/Acts

Review

Power

Layers
Purpose

Consideration
Responsibility

Justification

Legal aspects

People participation
Time period
Time period- 10 years for
housing allowing
intermediate review
Inclusive development
Sustainable development
(Climate change)
• Public participation
Wide range of economic and other
opportunities

Social integration and addressing

social isolation
Comfort and safety and foster sense of
belongingness and ownership

Face to face contact

Building and spaces Inclusive and

Resilient

Universal design
Opportunity areas, brownfield land,
surplus land

High density development

Identify catalyst

Green Areas

Walking, cycling and public transport

Multipurpose infrastructure
Address health concern

Healthy street approach

Health impact assessment

Access to green spaces

Building design

Healthy food environment

Address housing shortage by delivering
requirements
Affordable

Inclusive community

Resource identification – land and HR

Mechanism for Fast and Affordable

housing
Inclusive community

Equitable sharing

Space provision

Affordable housing as per growth

Leadership at international level

Heritage and 24 hour city

Use infrastructure for economic activity

Energy Efficiency

Climate change, resilience

Resilience- Fire and terrorism

Partnership
High Speed
Thames Link
Elizabeth line East

Cross rail North

and South Thames Estuary

Elizabeth line West

Bakerloo Line
extension

Central London
Tram Triangle
design out exposure to poor air
quality and noise
Maximising urban greening
design out crime
support active travel
storage space
adapt to
changing uses
Understanding the existing character and
context

evidence gathering and evaluation

digital modelling techniques

technical information

Mayor’s Design Advocates

guidance on design reviews

scrutiny
minimum space standards

efficient use of land.

minimum
ceiling height
Dual aspect dwellings

Single aspect dwellings

Private open space

Communal play space

maximise tenure
integration
Gated
forms of development

qualitative aspects
 accessible or adapted

approach route

‘wheelchair accessible

step-free access

secured via planning condition

housing
density.

Infrastructure assessments

capacity of existing and future public

transport services

phasing of development proposals

connectivity of a site via
public transport and active modes
variety and intensity of uses

connected routes and

spaces

Healthy Streets Approach

Pedestrian crossings

valuable for London’s

cultural activity

Legibility and signposting

impact on neighbouring public realm

management and ongoing maintenance
lighting

free drinking water (temporary) use

London Risk Register

fire safety
design out crime

physical, personnel
and electronic security

fire safety of developments