Professional Documents
Culture Documents
%"%&(
$#(
%4.K .B".?/<?:.?K $*B.885B.K #<DB.?AK ,<:+5;.K B4.K /D;,B5<;*85BHK </K*K -*B*K ?<DB.?K *K
:D8B5=8.G.@K *;-K *K E<5,.K 3*B.F*HK 5;K *K A5;38.K -.E6,.K .;*+85;3K DA.?AK B<K ,?.*B.K ( ((
,<;E.?3.-K ;.BF<?7AK *;-KB?*;A=<?BK *;HK BH=.K </K B?*/15,K <E.?K A*B.885B.K <?K B.??.AB?5*8K .85E.?AK B4.K A.?E5,.AK H<DK ;..-K
85;7A K F4.?.E.?K H<DK ;..-K B4.:K
.A53;.-K B<K =?<E5-.K :*G5:D:K ;.BF<?7K =.?/<?:*;,.K *;-K ?.85*+585BHK 5;K 8<FJ 88.E6*B.AK +*;-F5-B4K ,<;AB?*5;BAK
+*;-F5-B4K .;E5?<;:.;BAK B4.K .B".?/<?:.?K ?.-D,.AK ;.BF<?7K 5;/@*AB?D,BD?.K ,<ABAK ( :*G5:5I.AK >D*85BHK </KA.?E5,.K
*;-K A5:=8505.AK (K ,<;;.,B5E5BHK /<?K :5AA5<;,?5B6,*8K*==85,*B5<;A K %4.K *;-K ?.85*+585BHK
.B".?/<?:.?AKE<5,.K *;-K -*B*K ,<:=@.AA5<;K B.,4;<8<3HK =@5<?5B5I*B5<;K *;-K
:D8B5=8.G5;3K ,*=*+585B6.AK *;-K B4.K *+585BHK B<K?<DB.K *88K B?*/15,K <E.?K *K 45348HK ./15,6.;BK ,.88J $D==<?BAK:D8B5=8.K A.@E5,.AK
?.8*HK +*A.-K=?<B<,<8K :*7.K 5BK B4.K =?<-D,BK </K,4<5,.K /<?K ,<;E.?3.-K E<5,.K *;-K -*B*K
*==85,*B5<;AK <E.?K A*B.885B. K %4.K .B".?/<?:.?K =?<E5-.AK *K A*/.K :63?*B5<;K =*B4K /?<:K <F.?AK ,*=5B*8K .G=.;-5BD?.AK *;-K
8.3*,HK %K <?K ?*:.K #.8*HK ;.BF<?7AK B<K ",.;B?5,K ;.BF<?7A K BK 6;,8D-.AK AD==<?BK <=.?*B5;3K,<ABAK
/<?KB4.K 8*B.ABK '<8"K $"K AB*;-*?-AK *;-K?<+DABK "
B4.?;.BK <$K F5B4K .534BK ,8*AA.AK
</K A.@E5,.K *;-KK 8.E.8AK </K =?5<?5B5I*B5<;K B<K .;AD?.K B4*BK:5AA5<;,?5B5,*8K *==86,*B5<;AK
(###(
*8F*HAK ?.,.5E.K AD/15,6.;BK +*;-F6-B4 K ;K *--5B5<;K A=.,5*8BHK /.*BD?.AK *?.K *E*68*+8.K /<?K D*8K K 'K /..-K K A8<BAK
4*;-85;3K B4.K =*?B5,D8*?AK </K ?*-*?K E<5,.K =DA4B<B*87K "%%K *;-K'K E<5,.K ,4*AA5AK /<?K 4<BK AF*==*+8.K $
*==85,*B5<;AK ,<::<;K B<K 6@K %?*/15,K <;B?<8K *;-K :585B*?HK ;.BF<?7A K K +8*-.AK
( (
%4.K $
K $
K *;-K $K ;B.3?*B.-K ,,.AAK #<DB.@AK :*G5:5I.K
$K +8*-.K 5AK .>D5E*8.;BK B<K
;.BF<?7K =.?/<?:*;,.K *;-K =?<E5-.K AD=.?5<?K ,<;E.?3.;,.K ,*=*+595B5.AK B<K .;AD?.K
*K $
K .>D5==.-K F5B4K K K
./15,5.;BK *;-K A.,D?.K B@*;A=<?BK </K :D8B5=8.K ,<::D;5,*B5<;AK A.?E5,.A K (5B4K AD==<@BK
/<?KD=K B<K /5E.K .G=*;A5<;K A8<BAK B4.K .B".?/<?:.?K =?<B.,BAK H<D?K 5;E.AB:.;BK .;AD?5;3K
&A.K K 8.AAK ?*,7K A=*,.K B4*;K
;.BF<?7KA,*8*+595BHKB4*BK:*B,4.AK H<D?K .G=*;A5<;K ?.>D5?.:.;BA K
AB*,75;3K .>D5E*8.;BK $
K
D;5BAK
%4.K $K $.?5*8K "<?BK GC.;-.?K .;*+8.AK $
K $
K <?K $K
DA.?AK B<K 5;,?.*A.K A.?5*8K =<?BK ,<;;.,B5E5BHK *98<F5;3K B4<A.K =?<-D,BAK B<K A,*8.K 85;.*?9HK (
F5B4K .5B4.?K K <?K K =<?BK .GC.;-.?A K %4.K $K AD==<?BAK *88K B4.K A*:.K =?<B<,<8AK .85E.?AK D=K B<K K A.?5*8K =<?BAK
*;-K ,*=*+585B5.AK *AK B4.K $
K $
K *;-K $K ;B.3?*B.-K ,,.AAK .5B4.@K <;K $
K <?K $
#<DB.?A K
K ;B.3?*B.-K,,.AAK #<DB.?AK
BAK *+585BHK B<K AD==<?BK 8.3*,HK =?<B<,<8AK A=.,5*8BHK E<5,.K *==85,*B5<;AK *;-K "K -*B*K "?<E5-.AK D;85:5B.-K =<?BK .GB.;A5<;K
:*7.K .B".?/<?:.?K5-.*8K /<?K 3<E.?;:.;BK :585B*@HK <58K *;-K 3*AK ,5E58K *;-K :585B*?HK B4?<D34K "K -*5AH,4*6;AK
*E5*B6<;K *DB4<?5B5.AK 5;-DAB@5*8K *;-K:D8B5A.@E5,.K'$%K *==85,*B5<;A K
!02.?AK :D8B5=8.K ,<;;.,B5E5BHK
%<3.B4.?K F5B4K <D?K'5=.?A*BK *;*3.:.;BK$HAB.:K *;-K <-.:AK <?K <D?K$7H(5?.K <=B5<;AK *;-K A5:=8.K ;.BF<?7K
=?<-D,BK B4.K .B".?/<?:.?K 5AK B4.K +.ABK A<8DB5<;K /<?K +D58-5;3K 5;B.3?*B.-K /.*BD?.?5,4K 5;B.3@*B5<;K
8<F.ABK !")K :D8B5A.?E5,.K *;-K ?.85*+8.K A*B.885B.K ;.BF<?7A K
!'(
# # # #! #
1/0K <D&51@HK @=&9?81??1:9K :,K D?0@:@&54K !K19@*>.&(*K ;=:E1)*?K(:8;5*@*K @=&9?;&=*9(HK &9)K ?D;;:=@?K &K E&=1*@HK :,K&9&5:/K
&9)K )1/1@&5K#K ?H?@*8?K )*;5:H*)K @:)&HK 0*K ?1/9&519/K19,:=8&@1:9K(&9K '*K0&9)5*)K *1@0*=K19'&9)K &?K K @:9*?K :D@:,J
'&9)K @0=:D/0K &K# K ?*=1&5K19@*=,&(*K :=K )1=*(@5HK ;=:(*??*)K ,=:8K @0*K K5*&)K?1/9&5?K D;;:=@K :,K K1?K *??*9@1&5K19K(1E15K:=K
8151@&=HK &1=K@=&,-1(K&9)K (:&?@&5K &D@0:=1@1*?K &9)K :@0*=K19)D?@=1*?K
! #
D;;:=@19/K 9*GK &;;51(&@1:9?K&9)K@=&,-1(K/=:GA0K *@*=3:=8*=?K ?:5D@1:9K0&?K @0*K=1/0@K 'D15@19K ,*&@D=*K ?*@K @:K &))=*??K 9*GK J
'&?*)K &;;51(&@1:9?K *&@D=19/K &K ?@&@*:,@0*&=@K K =:D@19/K ;=:@:(:5K ?D1@*K 19(5D)19/K K )H9&81(K&9)K ?@&@1(KE1=@D&5K =:D@19/K
/=:D;?K&9)K K @D99*519/K @0*K *@*=3:=8*=K ;5&@-:=8K /D&=&9@**?K K)&BK@=&9?;:=@K
#! #
9K &))1@1:9K @:K ?D;;:=@19/K19)D?@=HK ?@&9)&=)K =*(:/91I*)K ;=:@:(:5?K?D(0K &?K%
K =&8*K *5&HK +K &9)K K @0*K
*@*=3:=8*=K &5?:K ?D;;:=@K G1@0K :K ?*=1&5K '1@K @=&9?;&=*9@K19@*=,&(*K :E*=K ;&(4*@1I*)K 9*C:=4K 01?K1?K ;&=@1(D5&=5HK *,-*(@1E*K
G0*9K )*&519/KG1@0K 5:GK ?;**)K5194?KG01(0K &=*K ;&=@1(D5&=5HK )*5&HK?*9?1@1E*K
;1>,Z "3:*1Z
';BZ 1',IY'R1NUZ
!-V#-PEJ?-JZ%Z
!.V$.PFK?.KZ %Z
S/H/Z
O'C*6Z "4;*1Z
859T&LZ@W0M@&W8G@&=Z A)Z
!! ! !
! ! !
2<(DXQZ !
!
!
Z
'
"
$'
&% '+Z'7Z#%'!'
%$'
'$" '
!""' $%!' $'' !$'
&-&- &#!'&! - !-&-)-%$#- &#- &- &#!##- - !)-- - (- +-%& #- &)!#-
&-%+%&- -"&!#-&&-%'""!#&%-(- %- &!- - )-#!)%#- #!#- &- &#!##- !)-
%'""!#&%- - %- -&!!&%-%-! -
)&%- - &%"- #!%%! - %-%-"!%%-+-&- "#!'&-
'%&!,&! - !#-&-!&- &#!##- --
%- ! %- - (-&+"%-&!- -%-%!'&! - %-
- !"#&!#- &!- '- - &#!##- &)!#- %'"#(%! - '&- - "#!# - ! &!# - ""&! - ! - -
- &- &#!##- )- &#- "#!(%- &- &!!%- &&-"- ! &!#- &"! +- - &- &#- ! '#- !%- -
*" %! - #%- '"#- %!&)#- ! '#- %+%&%- ()- "%- - &- #!#%- - &- #"!#&%- -
! &!#- &- &-!-+!'#- !(#- &)!#-
+!P"#*Q
'OQ)7JNDG>Q
W:_.
:
_z/^78
hi=HKLJ
;VSeu|n`{
@co)(8&'*-
'(
Rt
DOP3
N
@
EY
;KLF$QQ! Wgq\vMpcrdIkxlw}d~ &
!/
]^9"#(4.)8 M z X r <I
6
"5
G_U+,*
Bo\al{oGUdKUeZouiUvN?E7,1%
-
4\VWAL`
XWNVAMVHMF` ONZAQ`
XWNVAMVHMF` ONZAQ` 4!+` G=VVHV`
XWNVAMVHMF` ONZAQ`
!AW=HJV` ` 7 ` ` ` 7 ` `
%NW` VZ=OO=>JA` B=M` WQ=\` ` 7 ` `
%] ` `8` L=[HLXL` %] ` `8` L=[HLXL` ZHWG` HM@AOAM@AMW` =HQ` %] ` ` 8` L=[HLXL`
` 7! `
` 7! ` BHJWAQ`
` VAQH=J` ONS` XVAQ` NQ`
` VAQH=J` ONS` XVAQ` NQ`
!X=J` ` 7! ` BAA@`
` VAQH=J` ONQW` XVAQ` NQ`
JHMI ` !5"` NQ` ! " ` JHMI ` !5"` NQ` ! " `
`8` L=[HLXL` JHMI ` !5"` NQ` ! " `
%!#` ?NMMA?WNQ ` %!#` ?NMMA?WNQ ` 4!+` >J=@A` %!#` ?NMMA?WNQ `
?NLO=WH>JA` ZHWG` 34 ?NLO=WH>JA` ZHWG` 34
4!+` >J=@A` ?NLO=WH>JA` ZHWG` 34
-
` 7
` -
` 7
` N??XO\HMF` NMA` BQNMW` -
` 7
`
:.
` 34 :.
` VJNW` :.
`
-
` 34.
` 34 `
%NW` VZ=OO=>JA` 34.
` 34 `
34 ` HMWAQM=JA[WAQM=J`
9` ``00=VA5` HMWAQM=JA[WAQM=J`
HMWAQM=JA[WAQM=J` ?JN?IHMF` "WGAQMAW` 3(` ?JN?IHMF`
?JN?IHMF`
9` ``00=VA 5` ?NMMA?WNQV`
`9` ``00=VA 5`
"
# "WGAQMAW` 3(`
9` ``00=VA 5` "WGAQMAW` 3(`
` !41` ?NMMA?WNQ` OAQ`
"WGAQMAW` 3(` ?NMMA?WNQV` >J=@A` ?NMMA?WNQV`
?NMMA?WNQV`
` !41` ?NMMA?WNQ` OAQ`
/MA`?NMVNJA`ONS` 3(
` !41` ?NMMA?WNQ` OAQ` XMHW` ` BAL=JA`?NMMA?WNQ `
XMHW`
` A[O=MVHNM` VJNWV` =XWNVAMVHMF`!5"! " `
` A[O=MVHNM` VJNWV` L=[HLXL` VOAA@`
` I>OV`
G=VVHV` 4W=M@=JNMA`>=VA` XMHW ` ` 4W=M@=JNMA`>=VA`XMHW ` ` ` Q=?ILNXMW` LN@XJ=Q` 4W=M@=JNMA`>=VA`XMHW ` `
Q=?I` LNXMW` Q=?I` LNXMW` 4!+` ?G=VVHV` ` VJNWV` Q=?I` LNXMW`
BNQ`4!+` >J=@AV`
!HLAMVHNMV`
` [`
` [`
`
` [`
` [`
`
` 6` [` ` [`
`
` [`
` [` `
GAHFGW` [` ZH@WG` `[` ` [` ` LL` `[` ` [` `0LL` ` [` ` [` ` LL` ` [` ` [` ` LL`
[` @AOWG`
8AHFGW`
>V`
` IF`
>V`
` IF` >V` ` IF`
>V`
` IF`
/OAQ=WHMF` ` WN` ` ` ` WN`#` ` WN` ` ` ` WN`#` ` WN` ` ` ` WN`#` ` WN`` ` ` ` WN`#`
5ALOAQ=WXQA`
4WNQ=FA` <^` WN`^ ` `_` WN`_#` <^` WN`^ ` `_` WN`_#` <^` WN`^ ` `_` WN`_#` <^` WN`^ ` `_` WN`_#`
#
5ALOAQ=WXQA`
3AJ=WHYA` ` WN` ` MNM?NM@AMVHMF` ` WN` ` MNM?NM@AMVHMF` ` WN` ` MNM?NM@AMVHMF` ` WN` ` MNM?NM@AMVHMF`
%XLH@HW\`
4I\1AQBNQLAQ ` 5 1&1` 4I\1AQBNQLAQ ` 5 1&1` 4I\1AQBNQLAQ ` 5 1&1` 4I\1AQBNQLAQ ` &`1` %A=@AQ`
=??AJAQ=WHNM ` 4&1 ` &1` =??AJAQ=WHNM ` 4&1 ` &1` =??AJAQ=WHNM ` 4&1 ` &1` NLOQAVVHNM` =M@` *HMI`
Lm[}OsSHpx_mj %A=@AQ` NLOQAVVHNM` =M@` %A=@AQ` NLOQAVVHNM ` *HMI` %A=@AQ` NLOQAVVHNM ` *HMI` !AJ=\` NLOAMV=WHNM` *! `
*HMI` !AJ=\` NLOAMV=WHNM` !AJ=\` NLOAMV=WHNM` *! ` !AJ=\` NLOAMV=WHNM` *! `
*! ` =M@` 5+` =M@` 5+`
M=JNF`
` =M@` ONQW` #94` =M@` #9/` LN@XJAV` ZHWG` NM>N=Q@` ,NW` OOJH?=>JA` ,NW` OOJH?=>JA`
WAJAOGNM\` !41` VNEZ=QA` ?NMWQNJJ=>JA` HLOA@=M?A ` 3(`
?NMMA?WNQ`
ONQW` "+` LN@XJA` ZHWG` NM>N=Q@` !41` ` NQ`ZHQA `
W\OAV` & ` && ` NQ` 7 ` ` NGLV ` 3(` ?NMMA?WNQV`
ZHQA` 1XVG` WN`5=JI` 155` NOWHNM` =Y=HJ=>JA`
!HFHW=J`
4HMFJA`` @X=J` ONS` 5"` VNEZ=QA` ?NMBHFXQ=>JA ` 3( 4H[` 5"` ONSV` OAQ` 4!+ ,NW` OOJH?=>JA`
#
` ?NMMA?WNQV ` =@=OWAQ` ?=>JA` QAPXHQA@` BNQ` , ` " ` >J=@A`VNEZ=QA`
#
` ,5C5"` ?NMBHFXQ=>JA ` 3(`
# ?NMMA?WNQV ` =@=OWAQ` ?=>JA`
QAPXHQA@` BNQ` , ` "`
!=W=`
ONQW` XMHYAQV=J` VAQH=J`8,` HMWAQB=?A` XVAQ` NQ` JHMI ` ,NW` OOJH?=>JA` ,NW` OOJH?=>JA`
!5"` NQ` ! " ` %!#` ?NMMA?WNQ ` HMWAQB=?A`?NLO=WH>JA`
ZHWG` 34-
` 7
` -
` 34 -
` 34
` HMWAQM=JA[WAQM=J` ?JN?IHMF`
!41` &MWAQM=J` !41`LN@XJAV`VXOONSHMF`X` WN` ` YNH?A` ?G=MMAJV` ,NW` OOJH?=>JA`
!#
,AWZNQI` WNONJNF\` +AVG ` GHAQ=Q?GH?=J ` VW=Q ` ONHMWWNONHMW ` V=WAJJHWA`ONHMWWNONHMWKLXJWHONHMW`
XWNL=WH?` MN@A` @HV?NYAU` =M@` QAQNXWHMF` ZHWG` JA=VW` ?NVW` LAWQH?` QNXWHMF`
XWNL=WH?` JN=@` >=J=M?HMF ` >=M@ZH@WG` NM`@AL=M@` NYAQ` JA=VA@` JHMA ` @H=J` >=?IXO ` WHLANB@=\` ?NMMA?W`
2N4` ` ?J=VVAV` NB` VATH?A ` ` OQHNQHW\` ZAHFGWV ` =VVN?H=WHNM` WN`
`O` =M@` !HBD4AT` 5/4` >HWV`
#
4\M?` 111 ` !* ` %!* ` 4!* ` 9
` 9
` NYAQ` #Q=LA` 3AJ=\` =MMA[` #$`
*AF=?\`4\M?` /1 ` 4 ` 7&1 ` &+3(" ` 6MHV?NOA ` 1NJJ4AJA?W ` 4HALAMV` ,H[@NQB ` ( ` ;AMFHM`
#Q=LA` 3AJ=\` 3# ` 6,&!5" ` 6,&! "`
V\M?GQNMNXV` ",2 )
` 9/,'9/##
` WQ=MVO=QAMW`
"#
7NH?A`?NLOQAVVHNM` =JFNQHWGLV` ` ?G=MMAJV` OAQ`!41` "*1 ,` `)` ) ` *! !` ` ) ` $
` ,NW` OOJH?=>JA`
$
` $
` $
`=M@`$
=`
#9` 3AJ=\` $QNXO` `#9 ` 4XOAQ`$` ?NMBHFXQ=>JA` WN`O=VV` WGQNXFG` NQ` B=JJ>=?I` WN`$ ` $QNXO` `#9` =M@`
NWGAQ` MNMYNH?A` >A=QAQ` &4!,` ?G=MMAJ` =W``)`
+N@AL` 3AJ=\` 7
>HV` @ALN@XJ=WHNM` XO`WN`
I>OV ` 456&&&` VA?XQA` OGNMA ` LN@AL` O=VV` WGQNXFG`
$
` BNQ` NWGAQ` LN@ALV`
,AWZNQI` VHFM=JHMF` 5Q=MVO=QAMW` ONHMWWNONHMW` =M@` =M\WN=M\` VZHW?GHMF ` HM?JX@HMF` AM@WNAM@`
24&$&4!,`
M=JNF` WAJAOGNM\` ?G=MMAJV`
#94` JNNO` =M@` FQNXM@` VW=S ` BNQZ=Q@` @HV?NMMA?W ` ?=JJAQ` &!` =M@`JN?=J` >HJJHMF` WNMA`FAMAQ=WHNM`
#
"+ ` &LLXMHW\` ",`` ` `
4=BAW\` &" ` ` ",` ` 6*` ` 4` ` , ` 4,;4` `
5AJA?NL` !HFHW=J`# ` 1=QW` ` 5& ` & ` 4 JVVXA` ` 1=S` ` =M@`1=S` ` 4 &#` 4 ` 4 &#`4 ` 53` ` 53` `
53` ` 53 ` 53` ` 53` `
5AJA?NL` M=JNF` # ` 1=S` ` 5& ` & ` 4 ` &VVXA`` 1=QW` ` 4 &#` 4 ` 53` ` 53` ` 53` `
!#
4,+1` L=M=FALAMW` YH=` &14ZHW?G`861` G=WV6O` 1QNBAVVHNM=J` BNQ`8HM@NZV`
#
+AMX` @QHYAM` =V\M?` ?NMVNJA` ONQW` 75` YH=` 3(` ?NMMA?WNQ ` =XWNVAMVHMF` !5"! " ` VOAA@` XO` WN` ` >OV`
3ALNWA`5AJMAW` =??AVV` WN`?NLL=M@` ONS`
5Q=OV ` WQ=?AV` =M@` A[WAM@A@` VW=WHVWH?V`
8A>` VATAQ` HMWAQB=?A` BNQ` JN?=J` NQ` QALNWA` ZA>` >QNZVAQ` =??AVV`