- By Prof.

Deepika Hemnani
 Body language (Kinesics)
 Proxemics
 Chronemics (Time Language)
 Para Linguistics
 Sign Language
 Chromatics
 Haptics
 Interpretation of NVC
 Merits & Demerits of NVC
 Gestures express what words cannot.
 Eg. A pat on the back, body movements,
gestures, voice, tone etc.
 Helps to understand the mental and emotional
state of the sender and reciever.
 Forms impressions about attitudes and behaviour
of people.
 Also called manual language. Similar to the way
that italicizing emphasizes written
language, nonverbal behavior may emphasize
parts of a verbal message.
 Constitute a major part of communication.
 Body language (Kinesics)
 Para language (Para linguistics)
 Sign Language
 Space language (Proxemics)
 Time language (Chronemics) and
surroundings
 Colour language (Chromatics)
 Language of touch (Haptics)
 Communication of body through parts.
 Face, eyes, postures etc reflect attitude,
emotions, mood, feelings (positive or negative)
Eg. Nod of head, blinking eyes, waving hand etc.
 Indication of what we think without
expressing.
 While words are spoken consciously and body
speaks unconsciously.
 “Face is index of mind.”
 Expresses what’s going
inside us.
 Egs. Fear, anger, surprise,
Happiness, sadness etc.
 The forehead, eyebrows,
cheeks, lips etc. reflect
our emotions.
 May give wrong signals
also. A person may be
frowning because of acute
headache while workers
may take it as a sign of
resentment.
 Express how deeply
we are involved in
the discussion.
 Direct eye contact
is the most
effective way of
expressing oneself.
 Nothing will
enhance your
delivery more than
effective eye
contact with the
audience.
 Raised eyebrows n eyelids
– surprise or excitement
 Closed eyelids – pain or
deep concerntration.
 Fixed eyes –
concerntration
 Long eye contact –
interest
 Brief eye contact –
disinterest.

Likewise facial
expression, eyes may
send wrong signals too .
Egs. Red eyes
 Head position
reflects confidence.
 Nodding of head –
understanding
 Head held high –
sign of honour &
self confidence
 Head held low –
guilty, shame,
politeness
 Physical
movements of
arms, legs, hands
and head.
 eg. Tapping of
fingers, tapping
foot, pounding
fist, blink of eye,
V for victory and
so on
1. Ectomorph (thin and tall)
2. Mexomorph (strong, muscular and bony)
3. Endomorph (fat, round and soft)

 Shape of our body reflects our physical

appearance, confidence and character.
 Tall and erect bodyis more confident than
stout and stooping body.
 The way we carry ourselves.
 Egs.
Erect posture – confidence
Bent posture – thinking
Relaxed posture – balance state of mind
Sitting backwards with legs apart - disinterest
 Dress, hair style,
make up, shoes,
etc
 It reflects:
How neat and tidy
your are.
How professional
you are.
How attentive to
detail you are.
 Mind the body  We must be
talk. ourselves.
 Be careful with  Graceful
the hand shake movements and
 Establish good eye confident posture
contact improve
 Communicate at
atmosphere at
the level of the work place.
person before you.
 Most easily visible aspect of communication
 Helps the receiver to decode the message.
 Complements verbal communication.
 Adds intensity to the process of
communication.
 Because people care for body language, it
goes a long way to improve a overall
atmosphere of the organisation.
 Itcannot be wholly relied on face
expressions, eye contact, gestures, etc.
 People belonging to different cultural
background end out different body signals.
Therefore, liable to be misinterpreted.
 Facial expression, eye contact, gestures etc
become ineffective if listener is inattentive.
 Use of body language is not very effective in
large gatherings.
 “para “ means “like”, therefore,
paralanguage means “like language”
 Using non verbal communication similar to
language.
 Eg. “thanks” said with a sad face and “Sorry”
said with happy face will not convey the
right meaning.
 the communication in para language is
facilitated by voice, tones, the stress given
to words or mixed signals.
 Indicator to personality.
 Soft voice – calmness
 Hard voice – harshness / strictness
 Clear voice – clarity
 Stammering – nervousness
 Voice takes care of the following:
 Pitch variation (High 0r low)
 Volume variation (mode of communication, size
of audience, emphasis on words)
 Speed and pause
 Non - fluencies
 Stress changes the meaning of the sentence and
conveys what sender wants to convey.

I am going with you.

I am going with you.
 What one wants to say and how he says must
correspond with each other.

 “What” and “How” of the message should go

together to make communication efffective.
 Important supplement to verbal
communication and makes it complete and
effective.
 Tells about the personality, position,
background and mental state of the speaker.
 Dependable indicator of the speaker’s
educational background.
 It has an important educational value. A
careful listener can learn from an effective
speaker.
 It is non-verbal communication. Therefire,
cannot be relied upon.
 Specially what is said and how it is said must be
blended. But very often it does not happen.
Therefore, requires extra care to get to the
exact content of the message.
 The voice quality and pitch of the speaker may
unnecessarily prejudice the receiver of the
message. The listener/ receiver has, therefore,
to be open minded and patient.
 Difficult to achieve uniformity in oral
communication due to difference in speech
communities.
 Symbols that convey 50% of what we say.
 Sign languages can be of following types:
 Visual signs : conveying messages through pictures
and drawings. Egs posters, pictures,maps, diagrams
etc.
 Audio signs : Police van, Ambulance, siren , warning
bell, alarm clock etc.
 What cannot be said in so many words can easily
be conveyed in visual terms.
 Colorful paintings, photographs, posters etc.
make communication interesting and motivating
for the reciever.
 They reflect mental make-up, intelligence level,
cultural background of the communicator.
 Posters, paintings, illustrations etc. have
educational value.
 Sound signals are very useful in time
management. And quick in conveying the
message.
 Posters are effective means of advertising.
 Cannot be a complete substitute of verbal
communication in all cases. Thus, more
effective in combination with verbal
communication.
 Requires a great skill to draw a picture or
design a poster.
 While in verbal communication, spot
correction is very easy. It is not so in sign
language.
 Quite likely to be misunderstood if not
effectively decoded by the receiver.
 Can convey elementary and simple ideas.
 Study of communication through space.
 How close we are to the person with whom we
are communicating, what is his status, what is
our relationship with him, are reflected through
space or distance we maintain with him.
 Edward T Hall presents space language through
the following distances:
1. Intimate space Language (18 inches between
the communicators)
2. Personal Space Language ( 18 inches - 4 feet)
3. Social Space Language (4 feet – 12 feet)
4. Public Space Language (beyond 12 feet)
 “Time is Money”
 Work done in time indicates the worth of
task and the person working in an
organisation.
 Physical environment in which we work.
 A well furnished, carpeted, with a well
designed layout speaks a lot about the
organisation.
 Architects and structural engineers are
widely consulted to give size and decoration
to the rooms that attract clients.
 Different colours are associated with
different behaviour, pattern and cultural
backgrounds.
 Some colours are universally associated with
gaiety, cheerfulness or pleasant
circumstances.
 For a successful communication it is
important to have right choice of color of our
clothing, office interiors, home, decoration
pieces.
 Patting somebody on the back, shaking
hands, touching him on shoulder convey very
positive meaning.
 It is also important to have knowledge
related to culture.
 Using the body effectively
 Facial expression
 Posture

 Gestures

 Movement

 Proximity
 Building Rapport with eye contact
 Length of eye contact
 Movement of eyes
 Search of friendly eyes

The following habits should be avoided –

 Talking to the ceiling
 Talking to the board
 Clutching to notes

 Enhancing voice quality

 Complementary
 Easy presentation
 Substituting
 Accenting
 Repeat
 Help to illiterate people
 Help to handicapped people
 Attractive presentation
 Reducing wastage of time
 Quick expression of message
 Vague & imprecise
 Continuous
 Multi channel
 Culture bound
 Long conversation not possible
 Difficult to understand
 Not everybody prefers
 Lack of formality
 Costly
 Distortion of information