Process / steps fermentation of the product - the science behind the product

Manufacturing and fermentation process of alcoholic cider.

● Apples are harvested, washed and milled to obtain the must or the juices.
● In fermenting, it is important to reduce wild yeast and bacteria to allow for dominance by
the added Saccharomyces yeast. To do this, sulphur dioxide is added before proceeding
with fermentation. Fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 4–16 °C.
● To ensure the increase and domination of inoculated yeasts, nutrients are often added to
the must. Yeast needs sugar or a carbon source, nitrogenous compounds, B vitamins and
minerals in order to grow.
○ Glucose molecules in sugar is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate molecules.
To complete the process of what is known as alcoholic fermentation, they are
broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol. The concentration of ethanol is the
final concentration of alcohol in the final mix.
○ Nitrogen such as diammonium phosphate is essential for yeast growth and is used
in many pathways and reactions. It also ensures a rapid and complete fermentation
of the blend.
○ B vitamins are also essential for yeast growth, it is added because apple juice is
low in them.

 Fermentation may take a month or more.

There are two alternatives to preserving cider.

Variations of the product in the industry

Apple cider has many variations formed from different techniques pre- and post-
fermentation process as well as starting material for the process.

Starting material Apple juice Cider

Product after fermentation ● Apple Cider Vinegar

● Applejack
● Calvados
● Ice cider
● Pommeau
● Cider cocktail

Health benefits

MAJOR POINTS:

- Lowers Blood Sugar Levels and Fights Diabetes

- Helps You Lose Weight and Reduces Belly Fat

Cider is relatively low in protein. It contains fat, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and
also, moderate amount of carbohydrates.

There are numerous studies which show how the intake of cider benefits the body. There
has been some evidence of its benefit to blood sugars, as well as how it may also help to increase
the feeling of fullness when consumed with a high-carb meal, which could help with weight loss
by preventing overeating later in the day.

Several studies reveal that cider improves insulin sensitivity when drunk with a high-
carbohydrate meal in both insulin-resistant and healthy participants. In a published research by
the American Diabetes Association, it is found that taking two (2) tablespoons of apple cider
vinegar before bed can reduce fasting blood sugars. In 2016, Michael Mosley and Aston
University showed that drinking diluted apple cider vinegar appeared to bring blood sugar levels
down in their small study.

Although there are mixed results to date on whether apple cider vinegar is effective in
aiding weight loss, a 12-week study in Japan also found that acetic acid, found in apple cider
vinegar, helped to reduce body weight, BMI and visceral fat in obese individuals. However, more
research is needed before one can confidently make this claim.
Add-ons - Product Name, Major Ingredients, Appearance & Usage / Demo of product**

Major Ingredients:

Organic raw apple cider vinegar and purified water. Diluted to 5% acidity.
References

Brighenti, F., Castellani, G., Benini, L., Casiraghi, MC., Leopardi, R., Crovetti R. & Testolin, G.
(1995). Effect of neutralized and native vinegar on blood glucose and acetate responses
to a mixed meal in healthy subjects [Abstract]. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
49(4); pp. 242-247.

Jarvis, B. (2014). Cider (Cyder; hard cider). Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, 1; pp. 437-443

Kondo, T., Kishi, M., Fushimi, T., Ugajin, S. & Kaga, T. (2009). Vinegar intake reduces
weight, body fat mass, and serum triglyceride levels in obese japanese subjects [Abstract].
Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 73(8); pp. 1837-1843.

Shubrook, N. (2018). The health benefits of apple cider vinegar [Web article]. Retrieved from
https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/health-benefits-apple-cider-vinegar

White, A. & Johnston, C. (2007). Vinegar ingestion at bedtime moderates waking glucose
concentrations in adults with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(11); pp.
2814-2815.

How Products are Made. (n.d.) Cider [Web article]. Retrieved from
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Cider.html

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2015).Cider [Web article]. Retrieved from

https://www.britannica.com/topic/cider

Cider. (2019). Encyclopedia.com [Web article]. Retrieved from

https://www.encyclopedia.com/sports-and-everyday-life/food-and-drink/alcoholic-
beverages/cider
Merwin, I., Valois, S. & Padilla-Zakour, O. (2008). Cider apples and cider-making
techniques in Europe and North America. Horticultural reviews, 34; pp. 365-415. doi:
10.1002/9780470380147.ch6.