Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TLE - Cosmetology PDF
TLE - Cosmetology PDF
LET Competencies:
1. Explain the importance of good grooming for personal and professional development.
2. Apply the correct procedure in manicuring and pedicuring.
3. Apply ways of maintaining facial care and differentiate the different kinds of facial
make-up
4. Apply the basic in barbering , hair styling and hair treatment
A. Explain the importance of good grooming for personal and professional growth
Good grooming is keeping oneself clean, neat and attractive. It includes personal
hygiene proper care of the body and wear of clothes that are clean neat and appropriate for the
occasion. Good grooming not only enhances the personality but it can be used as an effective
tool in establishing good relationship. A well-groomed person is liked and appreciated by
everyone. In turn, one who is well-liked and appreciated builds self confidence and radiates a
feeling of security. It also helps to look at life in a positive light is happy and tends to be
productive.
Good grooming is not only important in improving one’s personal looks but should and
must be part one’s professional development. Appreciation and respect as a professional
whether this be a teacher, a doctor, a lawyer, a fashion model, an executive, a public relations
officer can be partly attributed to the way the person looks and carries himself.
Part of good grooming is caring for one’s hair, hands and feet. A hair that goes well with
one’s face, smooth and clean looking hands and feet, well-trimmed finger nails and toenails
contribute to a well-groomed physical appearance.
Cosmetology is a field that includes several specialties. Those who are barbers or hair stylists
are part of the cosmetology field. As well, those specializing in nail care, such as manicurists
and pedicurists, are cosmetologists. However, other practitioners can be said to work in the field
of cosmetology as well. For example, those who shampoo hair are considered cosmetologists
Cosmetology fields like hairstyling, barbering, and manicuring, tend to require both training and
licensing prior to being able to legally practice. Training tends to occur in beauty schools.
Requirements prior to entering a beauty or barbering school are varied. Some schools require a
minimum of a high school education, while others merely require proven ability to read and
write.Once a student has completed school, he or she takes both written and practical exams
that demonstrate knowledge of subjects covered.
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Nowadays the manicure is not just for an aesthetic benefit. More emphasis is now given to
correct preparation of the nail such as removing the cuticle (eponychium) and applying a variety
of creams and oils in order to maintain a healthy balance of oils on and around the nail bed.
Pedicure on the other hand comes from the latin word “ pedi” meaning foot and cura
meaning the care of the feet,
Purpose of Pedicure/Manicure
1. To improve the appearance of hands and nails.
Natural nails has protein keratin
2. It cleans the nails
3. It beautifies the fingernails and toenails
4. To feel comfortable
A. Equipment
1. Manicure table and adjustable lamp
1. Orangewood stick – to loosen cuticle, to work around the nail, and for applying cream, oil, or
solvent to the nail and cuticle.
2. Nail file – used to shape and smooth the free edge of the nail.
3. Cuticle pusher – to push back and loosen the cuticle.
4. Cuticle nipper – to trim the cuticle.
5. Nail brush – to clean the nails and finger tips with the aid of warm soapy water.
6. Emery board – to shape the free edge of the finger nails with the coarse side and level the
nail on the fine side.
7. Nail buffer – use to smoothen the top portion of the nail plate
8. Nail cutter – to cut the nails
9. Tweezer – to gently lift small bits of cuticle
C. Cosmetics
1. Cuticle cream – used to prevent brittle nails and dry cuticle.
2. Cuticle remover – used to soften the dead cuticle around the nail
3. Cuticle Oil – used to soften and lubricate the skin around the nails.
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4. Cuticle solvent – may contain 2 – 5 %of sodium or potassium hydroxide plus glycerine.
5. Nail whitener – applied as a paste, cream, or coated string, this consists mainly of white
pigments (zinc dioxide or titanium dioxide). When applied under the free edge of the nail they
keep the tip looking white.
6. Nail polisher – solvent containing acetone or other solvent is used to thin out the nail polish
when it is thickened.
7. Nail polish – is usually prepared in the form of powder or paste. It smoothes the nail and also
imparts a sheen to the nail during buffing.
8. Nail drier – is a fine spray which protects the nail against stickiness and dulling. Can be used
either as a spray over the top coat or directly in the nail polish.
9. Base coat – is a liquid product applied before the liquid nail polish. With this applicator the
nail polish adheres readily to the surface. It also has a hard glass which prevents the color in the
nail polish from staining the nail tissue.
10. Top coat or top sealer – is a liquid applied over the nail polish. This product protects
the polish and minimizes the chipping or cracking of the colored polish.
11. Nail strengthener – is a product designed to prevent the nails from splitting or peeling. It is
applied to the tips of the nails only.
12. Hand cream and lotion – keep the skin soft by replacing the natural oil lost from the skin.
D. Materials
1. Absorbent cotton – to remove cosmetics on the nails
2. Soap – for finger rings
3. Warm water – for finger bath
4. Towel – use individual towel for each patron.
5. Cleansing tissue to use whenever necessary.
6. Antiseptic – used for minor injuries to tissues surroundings the nails.
7. Disinfectants – used to sanitize implements; to sponge the manicure table.
8. Spatula – used to remove creams from jars
9. Mending tissue and mending liquid - to repair or cover broken, split, or torn nails
The shape of the nail should conform to that of the tips for a more natural effect. In general the
oval shaped nail, nicely rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the tips, fits most fingers and
toes. Oval shape is the most perfect shape of the nail. If the form of the nail is small, pointed
shape is applicable and if the appearance of the nail looks longer then it is advisable that the
square shape is recommended.
Oval shaped is the ideal nail contour and can be styled as follows:
1. Entire nail covered with polish.
2. Free edge left white
3. Half moon left white at base of nail.
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B. Decorative /Fancy Designs in Manicuring
1. Sanitize used manicure implements and place them in clean cabinet sanitizer.
2. Place used materials like tissue paper, used cotton, used emery board, etc. in the trash
can or close containers.
3. Wipe the top of the manicure table with disinfectant and put everything in order.
4. Clean the tops of nail polish bottles with polish remover.
5. Inspect the manicure drawer for cleanliness and order.
6. Wash and dry your hands.
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then left to right. On each side of the nail, use two short, quick strokes and one long sweeping
stroke.
3. Soften cuticle
After filling the sides of nails, then immerse left hand into finger bowl, to permit softening of the
cuticle. Then for few minutes remove the finger from bowl.
6. Loosen cuticle
Upon pushing the cuticle use the flat or spoon side of the pusher. Keep cuticle moist while
working. Avoid scratching the nail plate so that live tissue at the root of the nail will not be
injured.
8. Cleanse nails
Brush nails in soap bath with a downward movement to clean nails and fingers of both hands.
Then dry hands and nails thoroughly.
After cleaning the nails the finishing touches is applied Do the following:
1.Bevel nails
Carefully re-examine the nails for defects. Use fine side of the emery board like a nail to give the
nail a smooth beveled edge.
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1. Bevel nails 2. Apply the base coat
Pedicure Equipment
Low stool for cosmetologist or manicurist
Ottoman on which to rest patron’s foot
Material /tool
Waterproof apron or an extra Turkish towel * Nipper
Implements
Antiseptic solutions * Cotton pledget and foot powder * Paper towels
Preparations:
Arrange required equipment, implements, and materials.
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Seat patron in facial chair, assist patron in removing shoes and hose.
Place her feet on a clean paper towel on foot rest.
Wash your hands.
Rub the feet with an antiseptic (alcohol) before starting the procedure for pedicure.
Procedure
Remove old nail polish from the nails of both feet.
File nails of left foot with emery board. Smooth rough edges with fine side of emery bag.
Place left foot with warm soapy water.
Shape nails of right foot.
Apply cuticle solvent to the cuticle and under the free edge of each toenail.
Place right foot in bath.
Procedure
Push the cuticles to loosen them.
Start trimming the dead cuticles.
Brush the nails of the feet.
Wipe with towel to dry the feet.
Massage each toe with cuticle cream or oil.
Repeat same steps with the other foot.
Tips for Good Manicure / Pedicure
1. The most flattering nail shape is not long or short or square, it's "squoval" -- not quite
square and not quite oval. Get the look yourself by filing nails into a shape that mirrors
the curve of your nail base. Square tips can make fingers look chubby, To ensure your
nails are the same length after filing, line each nail up with its counterpart.
2. Don't shake the nail polish bottle, instead roll it between your palms. This mixes the
polish without causing air bubbles.
3. Before polishing clean nails, soak a cotton ball in nail polish remover and swipe across
nails. This will remove any excess oils or soap than can cause peeling once polish is
applied.
4. One trick for applying nail polish: Hold the brush between the thumb and middle finger
while resting your forefinger on the top of the cap.
5. To get the best results, apply thin layers. Start with a thin layer of basecoat, then apply a
thin layer of polish down the middle then one on the left and one on the right. After the
first coat dries for a couple minutes, repeat, then follow with a thin layer of topcoat.
6. Once your pedicure or manicure is complete, run an orangewood stick dipped in nail
polish remover along either side of nail to fix any mistakes.
7. Speed up the drying process by aiming a blow-dryer at toes (set on cool) for a minute at
a time. Be sure to keep the dryer at least 12 inches from your feet.
8. If you leave the house and you want your pedicure is dry,apply cuticle oil over the
polish. This will keep anything from sticking to your polish.
9. If nails are yellowed or stained, apply a drop of lemon or lavender oil onto the nails and
then use a buffer to buff off the stains. You can also buff nails with a peroxide
toothpaste.
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10. For an extra spa feeling to your home pedicure, nuke a damp towel in the microwave for
a couple minutes, slather feet in moisturizer and wrap them in the warm towel.
1. A fresh swipe of topcoat every other day on your manicure and once a week on your
pedicure will keep the polish from chipping.
2. When it comes to chipped polish, a nail buffer is your best friend. Repair a chip by
smoothing the ragged edges with a buffer (the more smooth the chip is, the better the fix
is). Fill in the chip with polish. Once it's dry, apply a coat over the entire nail.
3. Don't file nails after a shower, when they are too soft. File in one direction only to prevent
tears.
4. For a pedicure, use a special pedicure nail clipper made for clipping toenails. The
straight-edge works better for feet because they don't allow nails to become curved,
which can lead to painful ingrown nails. You can round the edges slightly with a file.
5. For stubborn polish that stains, press the cotton on the nail for several seconds before
wiping off. Don't be stingy with the polish remover. The more nail remover you have on
the cotton, the easier it will be to remove.
7. If you suffer from dry cuticles, keep cuticle oil in your bag or on your desk at all times.
Cuticle oils tend to be more effective than creams.
8. If you are a Nail-biter? Get a manicure every week for 12 weeks. According to
psychologists," if you can commit to 12 weeks, you won't bite your nails. It tastes gross
and you'll also think twice because of the cost of getting nails done. There are many
women who backslide in week 3, but it is suggested to be persevering.
1. Keep dead skin at bay by regularly exfoliating in the shower with a pumice stone.
Apply a thick lotion or cream to feet then wear socks to bed.
2. For extra soft feet, try this trick. Apply a thick coat of diaper rash cream to feet
(yes, that's what they meant), put feet in a thin plastic bag, then put socks over it.
If you can sleep like that , then you are guaranteed the softest feet ever in the
morning.
Make up- refers to the cosmetics applied in the face to improve or change appearance
Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body.
Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail and toenail
polish, eye and facial makeup, towelettes, permanent waves, colored contact
lenses, haircolors, hair sprays and gels, deodorants, hand sanitizer, baby products, bath
oils, bubble baths, bath salts, butters and many other types of products. A subset of cosmetics
is called "make-up," which refers primarily to colored products intended to alter the user’s
appearance.
Types of Make-Up
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Ordinary or day make –up
This is basically simple and light make-up. It is appropriate in ordinary occasions, church
or going to work. Choose the shade that is very light. The time of the day determines how
much make-up is to be applied. Day make up is light and suits casual wear. Applied lightly,
neatly, and beautiful it will go with any kind of clothes for day wear.
Photographic make-up
Screen make – up is applied to the customer who wants to appear beautiful in pictures.
Those who look attractive or good looking in pictures but are not in person. On the other
hand, there are those who, due to poor lighting or incorrect make up application, appear
unattractive in pictures.
Stage screen/theatrical make up. What in seen on the screen are cinematic effects. Stage
make up can change the appearance of an individual’s face through the use of varied
cosmetics. Some of these cosmetics are plaster of Paris, Vaseline, zinc oxide and spirit
gum among others.
Preparation
Usually, make up is given after a facial massage. However, if the make up is applied
before a comb-out is given, remove rollers and clips and be sure to drape the patron’s head
to protect her hair.
The patron is reclined in a facial chair with her head slightly raised. The cosmetologist may
sit at the back of the patron to give the service or may move to the front of the patron for ease
of application.
Lipstick – one of the most commonly used make up types. This is intended to be used on the
lips in order to add color as well as texture. There are also certain varieties of it that have
chemicals in it that would make our lips appear plumper than usual without the need for
expensive collagen injections.
Blush – also referred to as rouge, this is used on the cheekbones in order to add more color.
Typically, it is made of talcum or powder but there are variations today that come in either gel or
cream form.
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Eye shadow – this serves the same purpose as the blush but is applied on the eyelids and
under eyebrows instead. It draws more attention to that particular area and is used to create
depth and dimension.
Mascara – this goes right on our eyelashes in order to make them appear fuller, thicker, darker
and longer. The different variations of this can come in either liquid or cream form and is applied
with the use of a mascara wand.
Eyeliner – this appears in the form of a thin pencil with kohl inside. It is often used together with
the eye shadow in order to further define the eyes and give it more depth. These commonly
come in either black or brown but one would also be able to find them in lighter and more
colorful hues
Lipstick, lip gloss, lip liner, lip plumper, lip balm, lip conditioner, lip primer, and lip
boosters.[3] Lip stains have a water or gel base and may contain alcohol to help the product stay
on the lips. The idea behind lip stains is to temporarily saturate the lips with a dye, rather than
covering them with a colored wax. Usually designed to be waterproof, the product may come
with an applicator brush or be applied with a finger.
Concealer makeup used to cover any imperfections of the skin. Concealer is often used for any
extra coverage needed to cover blemishes, or any other marks. Concealer is often thicker and
more solid than foundation, and provides longer lasting, and more detailed coverage.
Foundation, used to smooth out the face and cover spots or uneven skin coloration. Usually a
liquid, cream, or powder, as well as most recently, a light and fluffy mousse, which provides
excellent coverage as well.[3] Foundation primer can be applied before or after to get a smoother
finish. Some primers come in powder or liquid form to be applied before foundation as a base,
while other primers come as a spray to be applied after you are finished to help make-up last
longer. Foundation – considered as the base, is applied on the face to even out skin tone and
give it a smooth, velvety feel. It comes in a variety of colors as well as coverage types. So
whether you’re looking for something thick or sheer in terms of coverage, you would be able to
find something that suits your needs.
Face powder, used to set the foundation, giving a matte finish, and also to conceal small flaws
or blemishes.
Rouge, blush or blusher, cheek coloring used to bring out the color in the cheeks and make
the cheekbones appear more defined. This comes in powder, cream, and liquid forms.[3]
Bronzer, used to give skin a bit of color by adding a golden or bronze glow.[3]
Mascara is used to darken, lengthen, and thicken the eyelashes. It is available in natural colors
such as brown and black, but also comes in bolder colors such as blue, pink, or purple. There
are many different formulas, including waterproof for those prone to allergiesor sudden tears.
Often used after an eyelash curler and mascara primer.[3] There are now also many mascaras
with certain components to help lashes to grow longer and thicker. There are specific minerals
and proteins that are combined with the mascara that can benefit, as well as beautify
Eyelid glue, eyelash extensions, eye liner, eye shadow, eye shimmer, and glitter eye
pencils as well as different color pencils used to color and emphasize the eyelids (larger eyes
give a more youthful appearance).Eyebrow pencils, creams, waxes, gels and powders are
used to color and define the brows.[3]
Setting Spray, used to keep applied makeup intact for long periods of time.
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2. Remove cleansing cream
With a tissue, use an upward or outward motion.
3. Check shape of Eyebrow
See to it that the eyebrow is in proper shape. If not,
arching is given first before applying
eyebrow pencil.
4. Apply astringent lotion or skin toner
For oily skin apply astringent lotion; for dry skin apply a skin toner. Moisten a cotton
pad with lotion and pat it lightly over the entire face, under the chin and on the neck. Blot off
excess moisture with tissues.
5. Apply foundation
Place the amount needed on the palm of the hand. Choose the kind of foundations and
shades best suited and apply it evenly over the entire face and around the neckline with
a gentle upward motion. Blend carefully near the hairline. Remove the excess foundation.
6. Apply blush-on
Liquid cream or cake cheek rouge is applied on cheek bones with a sanitized soft brush.
8. Apply eyeliner
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Apply cream mascara on the eyelids. Apply and brush upward on the underside of the upper
lashes. Then gently tip the lower lashes.
12. Apply lip rouge
Lip rouge is removed from the container with sanitize spatula. Outline lips with the fine point
of a lip brush. Ask the patron to close the lips in a relaxed position.
Corrective Make-Up
Corrective facial make up helps to play up the good features and tone down the bad ones.
Facial features can be accented with proper highlighting or subdued with the correct
shadowing or shading and balanced with the proper style.
Eyes too far apart
When the distance of the eyes is more than the size of one eye.
Remedy:
a. Draw the eyebrows close together.
b. Apply darker shades of eye shadow at the inner corner of the eyes and fade out at the outer
corner. This gives an illusion of closeness.
Close-set eyes
For eyes that are set too close together apply shadow lightly up from the outer edge of the
eyes.
Remedy:
a. Draw the eyebrows wide apart.
b. Apply darker shades at the outer corner of the eyes and lighter shade towards the inner
corner.
Bulging eyes Can be minimized by blending the shadow carefully over the prominent part of
the upperlid. Carrying it lightly to the line of the brow. These kinds of eyes are considered big or
large because of prominently bulging eyelids. Use dark shadow as illustrated.
Remedy:
a. Extend eye make up upward.
b. No need for eyeliner.
c. Extend eyeliner at the eyelid.
d. Use dark shades of eye make up to hide the prominent eyelid.
e. Do not use frosted eye shadow or a highlighter to avoid emphasizing bulging eyelids.
f. Use only one dark shade of eye make up.
Remedy:
a. Use another shade of eye make up at the outer and inner corner of the eyes.
b. Use a highlighter at the center of the upper lid.
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c. Use some eye make up on the lower lid. Apply along the lower eye lashes.
d. Curl the upper and lower lashes and kitchen them with mascara.
Remedy:
a. Extend curve of lower lip to balance.
b. Use a lip brush to shape the lip.
c. Choose a right shade to emphasize the correct shape of the lower lips.
d. Draw a new shape of the lips.
Remedy:
a. Extend curve of upper lips to balance.
b. Use a lip brush to reshape the upper lips.
c. Draw the new shape of the lips to reshape the upper lips.
Large Full Lips
Keep lipstick covering inside of lip line. Shade color off at side. Keep corners very sharp
and clean-cut.
Remedy:
a. Cover the lips with foundation cream.
b. Use a dark shade of lipstick to subdue the fullness of the lips.
c. Draw the new shape of the lips inside the original lip line.
d. Fill the rest of the lip rouge.
Small mouth
Build outsides of upper and lower lips and extend the corner of the mouth.
Remedy:
a. Draw the shape of the lips outside the original lip line.
b. Fill the outside of the lips with lipstick.
c. Draw the real or standard shape of the lips to get the right shape of the lips.
Eyebrow Arching
Eyebrow arching is most commonly done by women to add precise visual definition to
eyebrows and enhance overall facial appearance. There are several methods for arching your
eyebrows, including wax treatments, most typically performed in salons by cosmetologists, or
tweezing, which you can easily do at home by yourself.
The natural arch or growth of the eyebrow follows the bony structure or the curved line of
the orbit (eye socket). The majority of persons have a disorderly growth of hairs both
above and below the natural line. These hairs should be removed to give a clean-cut
and attractive appearance.
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Correct eyebrow arching gives a clean-cut expression and attractive appearance to the
face. The eyebrows must however fit the shape of the face and the shape of the eyes.
Shaping the eyebrows has thus become an art and a need.
6.Soften brows.
Saturate two pledgets of cotton or towel with warm water and place over brows. Allow to
remain on brows long enough to soften and relax eyebrow tissue sufficiently.
Brows and surrounding skin may be softened by rubbing emollient cream into them.
8.Remove hairs from above eyebrow line. Brush hairs downward. Shape the upper section of
one eyebrow, then shape the other sponge area with antiseptic frequently.
9.Remove hair from under the eyebrow line. Brush hairs upward. Shape the lower section of
one eyebrow, and then shape the other. Sponge the area with an antiseptic frequently.
10.Apply an astringent. After the tweezing has been completed sponge the brows and
surrounding skin with an astringent to contract the area.
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Different Sizes, Shapes, and Positions of Eyebrows
Facial Treatments
A facial is a procedure involving a variety of skin treatments, including:
steam, exfoliation,extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and massage. It is normally
performed in a beauty salon but it is also a common spa treatment.
Purpose of Facial Treatment
1. Preventive
This treatment is given to maintain the health of the facial skin by correct cleaning
methods, increased circulation, relaxation of the nerves, and to activate the skin glands
and metabolism, through massage.
2. Corrective
To correct some facial skin condition as dryness.
Plain Facial
Skin facial is a very restful service or treatment in the beauty salon. The customers are
happy and contented in the stimulation from massage, the soothing effects of creams and
lotions and the finished application of an attractive make-up. Facials can be given as often as
once a week except where otherwise indicated.
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a. Wipe the face with tissue paper or a warm moist towel. Remove all the cream
from one area before proceeding to the next.
b. Wipe the face again with warm moi st towel or facial steamer.
4.Perform the facial manipulation.
5.Apply astringent lotion.
6.Apply foundation and make up the face.
7.Completion.
a. Give finishing touches.
b. Assist the patron with her garments and accessories.
8. Clean up
Facial Manipulation
1. Chin movement
– Lift chin using a slight pressure.
2. Lower cheek movement
– Circular movement from the chin to ear and rotate.
3. Mouth, nose, and cheek movement using circular movement.
4. Linear movement over forehead
– Slide to temples, rotate slide to the left eyebrow, then stroke the hairline across
forehead and back.
5. Circular movement over forehead.
6. Stroking movement
– Slide fingers to center of forehead then slide fingers with slight pressure towards
temples and rotate.
7. Eye movement
– Press sides of eyes and rotate fingers around.
8. Nose and upper nose
– Slide down nose using rotary movement.
9. Lip and chin
– Draw fingers from center of upper lips and around mouth going under the lips and the
chin.
10. Lifting movement
– Proceed from the mouth to the top part of the ear.
HISTORY OF BARBERING
But primitive man was very superstitious and the early tribes believed that both good and
bad spirits, which entered the body through the hairs on the head, inhabited every
individual. The bad spirits could only be driven out of the individual by cutting the hair,
so various fashions of hair cutting were practiced by the different tribes and this made
the barber the most important man in the community.
The barbers in these tribal days arranged all marriages and baptized all children. They
were the chief figures in the religious ceremonies. During these ceremonies, the hair
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was allowed to hang loosely over the shoulders so that the evil spirits could come
out. After the dancing, the long hair was cut in the prevailing fashion by the barbers and
combed back tightly so that the evil spirits could not get in or the good spirits get out.
This rule by barbers was a common thing in ancient Asia. In fact, wherever there were
legends and superstitions about the hair, the barbers flourished. To this day in India, the
veneration of the hair continues and those who cut and dress the hair are important
characters.
Barbers were unknown in Rome until 296 BC, when Ticinius Mena came to Rome from
Sicily and introduced shaving. Shaving soon became the fashion and the barber shop
became the gathering place for the Roman dandies. No people were better patrons of
the barbers than the Romans. They often devoted several hours each day to tonsorial
operations, which included shaving, hair cutting, hairdressing, massaging, manicuring
and the application of rare ointments and cosmetics of unknown formulas. The great
ladies of Rome always had a hairdresser among their slaves and the rich nobles had
private tonsors, as they were then called. Barbers were so highly prized that a statue
was erected to the memory of the first barber of Rome.
Composition of Hair
Hair composed of a protein substance called KERATIN which is present in all horny
growth such as nails, claws, and hoofs.
Chemical composition of hair are carbon, 50.65 %; hydrogen, 6.36 %; nitrogen, 17.14 %;
sulfur, 5.0 %; and oxygen, 20.8%.
1. Hair root – is that portion of the hair structure found beneath the skin surface. This part of the
hair is enclosed within the follicle.
2. Hair shaft – is that portion of the hair structure extending above the skin surface.
Color of Hair
The natural color of hair, its strength and texture, depend mainly on hereditary qualities of a
physical nature. The color of hair being an inherited characteristic is one which is easy to
observe and classify.
Hair Distribution
Hair is found all over the body except on the palms, soles, lips and eyelids.
1. Long hair grow from the scalp, protects the scalp against the sun’s ray and injury, give
adornment to the head, and form pleasing frame for the face.
2. Short hair such as the eyebrow and the eyelashes, adds beauty and line of color to the face.
The eyelashes help protect the eyes from dust particles and light glare.
3. Lanugo hair is the fine, soft dowry hair of the cheek, forehead, and nearly all areas of the
body. It helps in the efficient evaporation of perspiration.
Hot oil treatment is used to give hair moisture as it gives the look of conditioned hair without
having to condition every day. If you have damaged or dry hair as a result of such things as
coloring, blow-drying, straightening, or other styling factors, then a hot oil treatment for hair may
be good for your hair . It most often makes hair look more healthy.
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1. Hair brush 5. Cream or oil for hot oil
2. Shampoo 6. Heating caps
3. Towel 7. Infrared lamp
4. Scalp or tonic
How it works
Generally with a hot oil treatment for hair, they are used once a week. The bottle of oil is heated
by putting the bottle in hot water for an extended period of time. The conditioning treatment of
the hair gives more strength and body to the hair. The hot oil can help repair damaged and
weak hair as every strand gets the treatment it needs instantly when the oil is applied.
How to use it
After heating the tube of oil in the water, generally for a minute or so, you can massage the hot
oil treatment into your wet hair. Massage all the oil thoroughly in the hair so that all the hair will
be able to be exposed to the hot oil. Many times people that use hot oil treatments do not make
sure that all their hair is exposed and this can cause weakness to those areas of the hair. After
this is done, you can rinse the hair and the scalp thoroughly under the running water. After the
hot oil treatment is done processing, shampoo your hair as you regularly do. You can use the
hot oil treatment once or week or as often as
Types of hot oil treatments
There are many products available on the market for hot oil treatments. They can also
be purchased as oils and then heated and used in the hair.
Generally natural essential oils are the best ones to use in hot oil treatments as they can
do the best to damage dry and weak hair.. Some of the more natural oils that are
popular for hot oil treatments are olive oil, jasmine oil, and jojoba oil
Dandruff
Dandruff is a very common skin condition that nearly all people experience at one point
in their lives regardless of age or ethnicity.
It affects the not just the scalp, but also the ears, eyebrows, sides of the nose, beard,
and less commonly the central (often hair-bearing) part of the chest.
Dandruff can affect any hair-bearing area or an area with even very small hair follicles.
Other names for dandruff are seborrheic dermatitis orseborrhea.
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Dandruff is seen in all ages from babies to the elderly. In infancy, scalp dandruff is
commonly known as "cradle cap."
In the teen years it has been called "druff" for short. Some people are simply more prone
to dandruff, and others experience periodic clearing cycles and periodic flare-ups of the
condition. Many furry pets such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and hamsters also have dandruff.
Dandruff typically looks like dry, fine flaky skin on the scalp with areas of pink or red
inflamed skin. Many individuals have no scalp symptoms but simply complain of white
flakes on their shoulders, particularly noticeable on dark clothing. More advanced cases
may cause intense itching, burning, and unstoppable scratching.
Some people are more prone to dandruff, and dandruff tends to be a chronic or
recurrent disorder with periodic ups and downs.
Although it is not curable, it is generally quite easily controlled with proper skin and
hair hygiene.
In babies, cradle cap usually clears after a few months. It may recur later in life as typical
dandruff. For some, dandruff may worsen with time. Although it may occur for a short
period, dandruff tends to recur throughout a person' s life or last a lifetime.
Procedure
1. Prepare patron for normal scalp treatment.
2. Brush hair for about five minutes.
3. Apply the scalp preparation for this condition. If a vegetable oil is used, work it gently but
thoroughly into the scalp.
4. Apply the scalp steamer 7 – 10 minutes, or wrap the head in warm steam towels for 7 – 10
minutes.
5. Shampoo the hair.
6. Dry the hair.
7. Apply moisturizing scalp cream sparingly with rotary frictional motion.
8. Style the hair.
9. Clean up the work station.
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Kinds of Hair Setting for long hair and short hair
1. Roller Setting
These are for lifted hairstyle and for styles that are to have a straight hair effect. Rollers
come in a variety of length and sizes.
3. Curlers Setting
These can be used for setting the entire head or turning ends under upward or forward.
They are handy for children’s hair and for smooth hairdos.
Tools: Supplies
Equipment
1. Hair dryer
2. Hair blower
Get a friend to help you roll your hair; rolling long hair can make your arms tired.
If you've used a relaxer treatment in your hair, using rollers is the healthiest way to give your
hair volume. At one time in history, every woman owned a set of rollers. Roller setting is
something that takes practice and requires perfection.
Things needed:
Leave-in conditioner * Metal clips
Tail comb * Rollers
Hairspray
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Wash hair thoroughly and apply a strong leave-in conditioner. Work the conditioner
through your hair. Dry hair thoroughly with a hair dryer. It is advisable to use rollers on
dry hair, since rolling on wet hair can produce unpredictable results.
Use the tail comb -- a comb with a long pointy end -- to comb out your hair and remove
any tangles. Divide your hair into three sections -- the top of the head, around the
middle of the head and at the base of the head. Twist the hair in each section and
fasten it with a metal clip to keep it out of the way.
Start with your first section of hair. Grab a piece of hair -- the more hair you grab, the
less it will curl in the roller. Spray the section with hairspray and comb it through. Pull a
roller to the ends of the section. Wrap the ends around the roller and roll the hair to the
skull. Fasten it down with two clips where the roller meets the head.
Complete this process until the entire head of hair has been rolled up and allow it to
set-dry for two hours.
Remove the curlers and comb through your hair with a brush to create a voluminous,
naturally bouncy look.
Hairstyling
Each type of face demands a hairstyle that is rightly proportional; balance of line, and
correctly frames the face. The essentials of an artistic hairstyle must, therefore, be based on
the following characteristics:
2. Characteristics in features
a. Perfect as well as imperfect features
b. Defects or blemishes
Chignon
Here, the hair is drawn softly to back of the head, leaving the
ear covered with a single deep smooth wave at the side. The
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length of hair is then handled like fabric, curled, and folded
into a graceful crown shape.
Brush up
Hair is brushed at the end up all around and caught up in a
band at the neck of the crown. Curls are left free and arranged
in soft ringlets. A round based hair in large rollers and is pinned
to the crown to a cluster style.
PETALS
Here, the style is brushed up with petals on the head or slightly on
the side, shaped with petal style. Hair is looped to form the base and
ends with soft natural looking waves on the side.
Thinning scissors
This shear has both notches. It has the same function as the
thinning shear with one blade notch
Straight Razor: Use for removing fine hair nearest the skin
Single-edge razor
Used for removing fine hair.
Double-edge razor
Use for removing fine hair much easier because of the double edges.
Single-edge razor
Used for removing fine hair.
Comb
A toothed strip of bone, metal, plastic, or hard rubber used for arranging the hair. The kinds
of combs used in a beauty salon are the following:
Clipper
This is an electric shaving device that is used to smoothen the neck
after a neck trim. It can also be used with a comb to give a tapering
effect to the cut at the back. This is recommended for use with children
to avoid accidents when cutting their hair. It is easy to use.
Cape
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A piece of nylon or cotton material placed around the neck when cutting hair or giving facials.
It is used as a protection for customers. This is to keep their clothes from being soiled from
water, hair trimmings or chemicals.
Barber’s brushes
These are used to brush off trimming clinging to the cape or
skin of the customer. They come in various shapes and sizes.
Water Sprayer
This is used to wet the hair when cutting or trimming. The bottle is
made of plastic or glass. It has a nozzle, hose, and regulator. I
comes in various sizes, colors and shapes
Do-all clip
It is used to hold the sectioned hair when parting. It is about 3-5 inches long. It is made of
plastic, metal, or a combination of the two. It is useful in hair shaping. It is sometimes called a
duck pin.
Caution: In using the thinning shears it is advisable to avoid thinning the top layer of strand.
B. Slithering method
Hold a strand of hair straight out between the
middle and index finger.
D. Shingling method
Start at the nape line shingling the hair upward in a graduated effect.
After reaching the top of the section being shingled, trim the comb
downward and comb the hair, proceed section by section until the
entire back of the head is shingled in a smooth uniform manner.
A. Long hair
1. Straight cut
A. Divide hair, leave strand for guide of length
B. Bring down strands. Cut hair longer to give allowance for stretching
C. Cut back similar to previously cut hair.
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C. Part hair at the side. Hold it between your middle and index finger. Slide gently then
cut hair diagonally going around the back of the ears. Do the same from the nape going
up to the crown.
D. Position the comb at right angle. Then cut hair diagonally going around the back of
the ears. Do the same from the nape going up to the crown.
E. Snip the hair carefully at the ear.
F. Check the length and thickness. Adjust to balance.
B. Short Hair
1. Tapered haircut
a. Section the hair into three. Fasten with a do-all clip.
b. Bring down the section on one side. Cut one strand. This is your cutting guide.
B. Short Hair
1. Tapered haircut
a. Section the hair into three. Fasten with a do-all clip.
b. Bring down the section on one side. Cut one strand. This is your cutting guide.
B. Short Hair
c. Sliding the nape and going up at the right angle hold hair between index and middle fingers.
Cut and comb.
d. Hold next strands at acute angle then snip as in the first strand. Comb downward. The next
strands are cut similarly. Do this up to the top or crown.
B. Short Hair
e. Check cut hair on all sides. Check if thickness and length is balanced.
f. To thin the bangs, snip the hair into a W-shape.
B. Short Hair
2. Wedge Cut
a. Section the hair. Start at the nape. Snip hair about 2 inches into wedge shape.
b. Comb hair from up down. Cut in equal lengths.
c. Bring down strands of hair at the sides. Snip these to desired length.
d. Snip the fingers for a soft look.
e. From top, lift hair up and snip to desired length
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Competency 1 Explain the importance of good grooming for personal and professional g
Growth
1. Looking around and seeing people, who of the following shows good grooming ?
A. A group of students wearing sando and shorts in an evening formal party.
B. A teacher in school uniform selling goods in the market.
C. A girl wearing swimsuit for swimming lesson..
D. A mother wearing a house dress hearing mass.
A. Sando and short is not a proper attire for an evening formal party.
B. School uniform should not be use for market activities
D. One who is hearing mass should be in a Sunday wear or semi-formal attire.
Letter C is the correct answer because good grooming encompasses personal hygiene
and wearing appropriate garment for the occasion
Competency 3. Apply ways of maintaining facial care and differentiate the different kinds
of facial make-up.
3. If you are using foundation as part of make-up application , how will you apply it ?
A. Apply evenly over the face and neck with gentle downward motion.
B. Apply on the face in a circular motion
C. Apply evenly over the entire face and around the neck with a gentle upward
Positon
D. Apply foundation evenly near the hairline.
4.What will you rub on your face to remove the dirt or clean the face?
A. Astringent C. Foundation
B. Cleansing cream D. Skin toner
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A. Astringent is apply on oily skin.
C. Foundation is considered as the base to even out the skin tone
D. Skin toner is apply on dry skin.
Letter B is the correct. Cleansing cream remove dirt as it clean the face.
Competency 5. Apply the basic of barbering, hair styling, and hair treatment.
5. What kind of hair setting will you use if you have straight hair and would like to have a
lifted hairstyle effect?
A. clip setting C. pin curl setting
B. curler setting D Roller setting.
A and C these are good for setting curl sections for necklines, bangs and to finish off the
style at the bottom.
B Curler setting can be used for setting the entire head or turning ends under, upward
and forward.
Letter D. is the correct answer as roller setting are for lifted hairstyle effect on straight
hair.
7. If you want to soften the dead cuticle around the nail, you need to use cuticle _____.
A. cream C. remover
B. oil D. solvent
8. A base coat polish is use before applying the top coat because____
A. it makes nails attractive
B. it helps to make nail polish stick readily to the surface.
C. it is really necessary.
D. the top coat cannot be applied without it.
9. What finger will you start applying the base and top coat nail polish.
A. Index finger C. Ring finger
B. Little finger D. Thumb
11. Nail polish has the tendency to thicken. In order to ease applying evenly, it would be
better to_____.
12.How many stroke will you do when applying base and top coat nail polish ?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
13. If your nails are yellow or stained, which will help to whiten them ?
A. alcohol C. hand lotion
B. drop of lemon D. hydrogen peroxide
14.Cosmetics are substance used to enhance the appearance of the human body. The
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following are cosmetics EXCEPT_____.
A. astringent C. lotion
B. lipstick D. perfume
15. In hearing mass, it is also necessary to look your best, so it is also proper to wear_____
make –up.
A. evening C. photographic
B. ordinary D. theatrical
16. If you want to draw more attention on the eyelid and under eyebrow, which of these
will you use ?
A. Blush on C. Eye shadow
B. Eyeliner D. Eyelash extension
17. You are going in an exclusive date, unfortunately you have intense blemishes on
your face. What could better hide these imperfections?
A. Concealer C. Foundation
B. Face powder D. Mascara
19. Considering that your eyebrow gone out of shape. What will you do in case you
wanted to retain the proper shape?
A. apply eyebrow pencil
B. eyebrow arching
C. gently apply eye shadow
D. use foundation cream
21. If you have large full lips, how will you apply lipstick?
A. Shade color at side lips.
B. Keep corner lips round
C. Apply lipstick inside of lip line
D. Apply the entire lips with light color of lipstick
23. How long will you subject hair to inflared lamp after the application of scalp product
for hot oil treatment ?
A. 5 minutes C. 15 minutes
B. 10 minutes D. 20 minutes
25. What type of make-up will you use if you play the role of witch in a play ?
A. day make-up C. photographic make-up
B. evening make-up D. theatrical make-up
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Part III Enhancing Test Taking Skills
1.When your nails have nail polish, it Is important to remove this first before proceeding
to other procedure of manicuring or pedicuring. How will you do this ?
A. Moisten a piece of cotton with water and press on the nail.
B. Bring cotton with cuticle remover from the tip of the nail to its base.
. C. Press firmer the cotton with cuticle remover on the nail.
D. Press cotton with cuticle remover from the base of the nail to its tip.
2.You wanted to shape your fingernails, which of these tools will you use ?
A. emery board C. nail cutter
B. orangewood stick D. tweezer
3.The following are materials and cosmetics in giving hot oil treatment EXCEPT____.
A. conditioner C. heating caps
B. hot oil D. tonic
6. The kind of facial manipulation that slide the finger to center of forehead then slide
finger with slight pressure towards the temple and rotate is called____.
A. chin movement C. circular movement
B. linear movement D. stroking movement
8. For better upkeep of face muscles ____ motion is used to remove cleansing cream.
A. downward C. sideward and upward
B. inward and sideward D. upward and outward
9. Before doing the plain facial which of these procedures is done first ?
A. apply emollient cream C. cleanse the face
B. analyze the skin D. remove cleansing cream
10.The kind of hair setting that can be used for setting the entire heads or turning ends
upward or forward is called_____ setting.
A. clip C. pin curls
B. curler D. roller
11.If you see that the distance between your two eyes is wider than the size of your eye what
remedy can you do?
A. Draw the eyebrows wide apart.
B. Draw the eyebrows close together.
C. Apply darker shades of eye shadow at the outer corner and fade out at the inner
Corner.
D. Apply lighter shades of eye shadow at the inner corner and fade out at the outer
corner
13. This is a solvent containing acetone to thin out the nail polish when thickened.
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A. nail drier C. nail strengthener
B. nail polisher D. nail whitener
14. What cosmetic protects the nail polish and minimizes the chipping or cracking of the
colored polish ?
A. base coat C. nail polish
B. nail drier D. top coat
15. Unintentionally the tissues surrounding the nails got minor injuries, what will you
apply ?
A. antiseptic C. emollient cream
B. alcohol D. hydrogen peroxide
16.To remove old polish on the nails the absorbent cotton should have____
A. cuticle remover C. emollient cream
B. cuticle oil D. solvent
18. After the top coal is completely dry, apply hand lotion with light manipulation.What
direction is followed ?
20. What cosmetic is used together with eyelashes to make them appear fuller, thicker,
darker and longer ?
A. blush on C. eye shadow
B. eyeliner D. mascara
21. Hair is composed of protein substance called Keratin which is also present in all horny
growth such as the following EXCEPT____.
A. claws C. nails
B. hoofs D. palm
22. The father and the son have the same color of hair, its strength and texture .
because it depends on _____.
A. environment effect C. physical manipulation
B. hereditary qualities D. physical growth
23. Brushing the hair is always a part of a scalp treatment for the following reason
EXCEPT_____
A. It straighten the hair.
B. stimulate the scalp
C. remove dust and dirt from the hair
D. give the hair added luster
24. Which of these tools is used to remove the fine hair near the skin?
A. clipper C. straight razor
B. Hair shaping scissors D. thinning shears
25.What fingers are usually used when cutting hair using hair shaping scissors /
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A. Middle and ring finger C. Ring finger and small finger
B. Thumb and middle finger D. Index and middle finger
KEY TO CORRECTION
1. C 1. D
2. A 2. A
3. C 3. C
4. B 4. B
5. D 5. D
6. C 6. D
7. C 7. D
8. B 8. C
9. B 9. B
10. B 10. B
11. C 11. C
12.B 12. D
13.B 13. B
14. A 14. D
15.B 15. A
16.C 16. A
17.A 17. D
18.A 18. C
19.B 19. A
20.C 20. D
21.C 21. D
22.B 22. B
23.A 23. A
24.C 24. C
25. D 25. D
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