1

Complete Guide
To
TOPIK
Test of Proficiency in Korean

Vocabulary & Grammar

BEGINNER LEVEL

By

TOPIK GUIDE

www.topikguide.com
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 Copyright © 2014 Satish Chandra Satyarthi

All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any
manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the
use of brief quotations in a book review or scholarly journal.

First Published: 2014

TOPIK GUIDE

Seoul, South Korea

www.topikguide.com

Send your feedback to: admin@topikguide.com

Table of Contents

SECTION I............................................................................................................................................................... 6

TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계............................................................................................................................................... 7

TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계 ................................................................................................................................................... 11

TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계 .......................................................................................................................................... 18

TYPE 4. 조사 ......................................................................................................................................................... 24

TYPE 5.접사 .......................................................................................................................................................... 28

TYPE 6. 부정 부사 ................................................................................................................................................ 28

SECTION II ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
1. Nouns .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
2. Counting Units ............................................................................................................................................ 41
3. Verbs ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
4. Adjectives .................................................................................................................................................... 49
5. Adverbs ....................................................................................................................................................... 52
6. Conjunctions ............................................................................................................................................... 55
7. Question Words .......................................................................................................................................... 55
8. Numbers ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
1. Grammar & Vocabulary Study Tips ........................................................................................................ 58
2. How to Improve your Korean Vocabulary .............................................................................................. 59

5
 SECTION I

Complete TOPIK Grammar

Beginner Level

6
 TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계

Grammar Explanation Example

Sentence

V+아/어/여주다 To do something for iPhone 사주세요 –

someone
Please buy me an
iPhone.

V+아/어/여드리다 To do something for 해드릴게요 – I will

someone else (honorific
do it for you.
of 아/어/여주다)

V+아/어/여보다 It is used to convey 오늘낙지를먹어봅

meanings such as
'someone tries doing 시다. Let’s try
something (to see how it eating octopus
will turn out) or 'someone today.
does something to see
(how it will turn out).'

A/V+아/어/여보이다 It conveys meanings such 맛있어 보여요.

as likeness, resemblance,
or similarity. When It looks delicious.
attached directly to the
stems of adjectives.
The past tense form of this
pattern is '-아/어/여보였다.'

A/V+ 아/어/여도 `-도' is used to express 질이 좋아도

'even if, even though' 비싸요. Even if
quality is good but
it’s expensive.

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A/+V 아/어/여도 This pattern is used to ask 들어와도 돼요?
for and giving permission.
되다 A positive reply should be May I come in?
like 아/어/여도되다/좋다/
괜찮다, For the negative
answer to a request for
permission, you have to
use the pattern '-
(으)면안되다.' May do’

A/V+아/어/여서 1 Is used to indicate cause 아파서 학교에 못

or reason; in declarative
and interrogative 가요.
sentences; cannot be used I can’t go school
in imperative and because I’m sick.
propositive sentence,
where another connective
'-(으)니까' is used

V+ 아/어/여서 2 It is used when the 아침에 일어나서

subject performs one
action and then a second 샤워를 해요.
one; it is attached to the I take shower after
first verb and is then I wake up in the
followed by a second morning.
verb.

A/V+아/어/여야 is used to express 매일 학교에 가야

obligation or necessity;
되다/하다 tense is expressed in the 돼요.
verb '하다'. ‘Must, have to’ One should go to
school daily.
제가 내일 부산에
가야 해요.
I have to go to
Busan tomorrow.

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V+아/어/여야겠다 Will have to do 5 월 말까지 세금을
something.
내야겠어요.
I’ll have to pay
taxes by end of
May.

A/V+아/어/여요 The informal polite speech 나는 시장에

style (present tense)
가요/갑니다.
I’m going to
market.
이 책이 좋아요.
This book is good.

A+아/어/여지다 To become/get …something 날씨가 더워져요.

(Change is status/degree)
The weather is
getting hot.
열심히 공부하면
한국어 실력이
좋아질 거예요.
If you study hard,
your Korean will
get better.

A/V+았/었/였다 Past Tense 사라는 어제

It is used to indicate an 고향에 갔어요.
action which took place in
the past or a condition Sara went to
which used to exist. hometown
yesterday.
영화가
재미있었어요.
The movie was
interesting.

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A/V+았/었/였겠다 This grammar pattern is 배고팠겠다.
used to convey
supposition, conjecture, a You must have
guess, a thought or been hungry.
observation about
우리는 늦었어.
something in the past. It
can sometimes be 수업이 끝났겠어.
translated as 'I think', 'I
We are late. The
bet', 'I guess', 'It must have
class must have
been ~'. This pattern
been over.
cannot be used to express
the thoughts or
supposition (etc) of a
second or third person
and must express the
thought of the person
saying or writing it.

A/V+았/었/였으면좋 It is used to express the 키가 좀 더 컸으면

speaker's hope or desire.
겠다 Even though the past 졸겠어요.
tense -았/었/였- is used, I wish I was a little
this pattern does not refer taller.
to the past. So, even when
여행을 갈 수
this pattern is used
without the past tense like 있었으면 좋겠다.
‘-(으)면좋겠다', there is no It would have
difference in meaning. been great if I
could go on a trip.

이/가아니다 Is/am/are not 저는 중국 사람이

The negative of ‘-이다‘ 아닙니다.
I am not Chinese.
이것은 사실이
아니에요. This is
not the truth.

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이에요/예요 The informal polite form of 내 책이에요. This
‘-입니다’ is my book.

TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계
V-(으)ㄴ지 This pattern 'Verb + -(으)ㄴ지 + 대학교를 졸업한 지
(시간) 되다
time word + 되다' is used to 5 년 됐어요.
express an interval of time It has been 5 years
which extends from a definite since I graduated
past to the present. The case from University.
marker '-가` or '-는' can be
attached optionally after ‘지'

A/V+ It seems/looks/appears like 그 사람은 한국인인

(으)ㄴ/는/을 것 …….
것 같아.
같다 N+ 인 것 같다 - Present
I think he is Korean.
N+ 인 것 같다 A + (으)ㄴ것 같다 –
이게 더 좋은 것
Present/past
같아요.
A + (으)ㄹ 것 같다 - Future
I think this is better.
V+ (으)ㄴ것 같다 - past
비가 오는 것 같아.
V+ 는 것 같다 – Present I guess it's raining.
V+ (으)ㄹ 것 같다 – future 곧 도착할 것 같아요.
I think I’ll arrive
soon.

V+ (으)ㄴ 후에 It means ‘after having done 수업이 끝난 후에

something’; used with the
시장에 가자.
action verbs. The tense is
expressed in the main (final) Let’s go to the market
verb. after class.

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A/V+(으)ㄹ The informal ending of the 우리는 오늘 문법을
future tense ‘-(으)ㄹ겁니다‘;
거예요 공부할 거에요.
with a 3rd person subject it
expresses a supposition or We will study
presumption, with a grammar today.
1st person subject – the
박 대통령님은 인도
speaker’s plan or intention
방문을 할 거예요.
President Park
supposes to visit
India.

A+V-(으)ㄹ 수 It is used with verbs and 누가 이것을 할 수

indicates ability, capability,
있다/없다 possibility or permission 있어요?
Who can do this?

A/V-(으)ㄹ 줄 I didn’t know that ………… 학교가 이렇게 넓을

알았다/몰랐다 줄 몰랐어요.
I didn’t know that
the school is so big.
돈을 버는 게 이렇게
어려운 줄 몰랐어요.
I didn’t know
earning money is so
difficult.

-(으)ㄹ까하다 ‘I am thinking of doing 방학때 여행을 할까

something…’
해요.
I’m thinking of going
on a trip in vacation.

-(으)ㄹ래요 V + (으)ㄹ래요 : This grammar 나는 이제 잘래.

pattern has several usages:

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 I'm going to sleep
1. When used with in the now.
first person tense, it is
used to expresses the 내일 영화 보러
intention or will of the 갈래요?
speaker.
Do you want to go
2. When used with another
see a movie
subject, it asks for the
tomorrow?
thoughts and intentions
of the listener. This can 너 죽을래?
be a polite way of Do you wanna die?
asking someone if they
want to or can do 소주 한 병 더
something either with 주실래요?
you or for you. However
in the case with Could I have
another bottle of
strangers, elders or
soju?"
people in a higher
status position, you
should attach the
honorific suffix 시 if you
are asking them to do
something for you,
otherwise it can still
seem rude (even with a
요 ending!). See below.

V-(으)러 It is used to express the 수영하러 갑시다.

purpose of the subject's
action and is followed by Let’s go for
swimming.
either '가다'(to go), '오다'(to
come) or their compounds, or
any verb which indicates
movement, such as '다니다'(to
go and come regularly)

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-(으)려고 Plan/intend to do …. 미래에 사업을
하는데요 하려고 하는데요.
I plan to do business
in future.

-(으)려면 If you want to do … / In 장학금을 받으려면

order to do ….
열심히 공부해야
돼요.
If you want to get
scholarship then you
have to study hard.

A/V-(으)면 되다 You just have to do … 여기 사인해 주시면

돼요.
You just have to sign
here.
학생은 성실하면
돼요.
A student should be
sincere.

A/V-(으)면 좋다 It would be good if …. 아침 9 시에 오시면

좋겠어요.
It would be good if
you come at 9 AM.

V-(으)ㅂ시다 “Let’s do…” 커피 한잔 마십시다.

It is used to express the
Let’s have a cup of
subject's suggestion with the
coffee together.
action verbs and the verb of
existence '있다'. It cannot be
used with '이다' nor with
adjectives. In plain speech

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 style(반말) you can use the
form '-자'

V-(으)시- The honorific form 아버님께서 신문을

ex: 가다 – 가시다. 보십니다.
Some verbs have a special Father is reading
honorific version of them: newspaper.
먹다 – 드시다, 잡수시다 어디에서 오셨어요?

있다 – 계시다 Where have you

come from?
자다 – 주무시다

만나다 – 뵙다

V-(으)ㄴ 적이 Indicate one's past 내가 한국에 간 적이

experiences. “Have the
있다 experience of doing ….” 있어요.

It’s also used like – V+아/어 I’ve been to Korea.

본 적이 있다.

A/V-(으)ㄴ/는지 I know that …. 우리 반친구 미누가

알다 일본에 가는 지
알아요?
Do you know that
our classmate Minu
is going to Japan?

A/V-(으)ㄴ/는데 It is a conjunction used to 김치를 먹는데 맛이

introduce a certain fact, or
background information. It 없었어요.
can have a meaning of – I’ve tried eating
but, and, so etc. Kimchi but it wasn’t
N + 인데 tasty.

A + -ㄴ(은)데

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 V + 는데 오늘 날씨 좋은데
한강에 갈까?
The weather is good
today; shall we go to
Han river?

A/V-(으)니까 Indicates reason and cause. 벌써 늦었으니까

Used when the main clause
is an imperative (-
세요/십시오) or propositive (-
ㅂ시다).
택시로 갑시다.
Let’s go by taxi as
we are already late.

V-(으)ㄹ때 While, when, at the time of 나는 고향에 갈 때

기차로 가요.
I go by train when I
visit my hometown.

V-(으)ㄹ 줄 I know/don’t know how to 그녀는 운전할 줄

do something
알다/모르다 몰라요.
It is used to express the
knowledge or lack of She doesn’t know
knowledge of a technique how to drive.
or process of doing
something

-(으)ㄹ게요 I will, We will ((It is used with 이번에 열심히

first person subject only)
할게요.
The speaker's intention or
plan or promise. It is used I will surely work
with action verbs as well as hard this time.
with the verb 있다

V-(으)ㄹ까요? Shall we do…? 시간이 있으면 내일

It is used to put a proposal 시장에 갈까요?
and ask someone's opinion,
view or appraisal.

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 If you have time
then shall we go to
market tomorrow?

V-(으)려고 In order to do something, 친구를 선물하려고

with the purpose of
In the middle 모자를 샀어요.
It is used to indicate the
of sentence
purpose of the speaker I bought a hat for gift
(subject)'s action. it to my friend.

V-(으)려고 하다 Plan to/Intend to do 이번 주말에 친구를

something
In the end of 만나려고 합니다.
It is used with
sentence
verbs(including `있다'); this I plan to meet a
friend this weekend.
pattern is used to indicate a
subject's intention; restricted 돈을 아끼고 집을
to first and second personal
사려고 해요.
pronouns
I intend to buy a
house after saving
money.

A/V-(으)면 If…. 저를 만나고 싶으면

내일 와요.
It can be used with any
verb or adjective and If you want to meet
indicates condition and/or me, come tomorrow.
stipulation; in Korean the
dependent clause precedes
the main clause. Sometimes,
the word `만일/만약' is used
at the beginning of a
conditional clause.

A/V-(으)면 안 You should not do that./ It 여기서 담배를 피우면

would not be good if….
되다 안 돼요.

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 You should not smoke
here.

V-(으)면서 While doing something… 저녁을 먹으면서

It is used to express two 뉴즈를 봐요.
simultaneous actions done
by the same person. It I have my dinner
attaches to the verb directly; while watching news.
someone does something
while he is doing something
else (at the same time)

V-(으)세요 It implies respect of the 여기 앉으세요.

speaker for the subject of
the sentence, means 'Please Please sit here.
do something' when
referring to the second
person

V-(으)십시오 Imperative verb form/ Please 선생님, 먼저

do ….
가십시오.
(A little more polite/honorific
than V-(으)세요) Sir, you go first,
please.

TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계
N+ 때문에 ‘because of, owing to, as a result 비 때문에 늦었어요.
of, in consequence of’
I got late because of
the rain.

N/A/V- [열거] and; or; [양보](even) though 아무거나 – anything

거나 [if]; no matter how
싸거나 비싸거나
(what／when／where／who);
whatever 살게요.

18
 No matter whether
it’s cheap or
expensive I’ll buy it.

V-게 되다 Happen to do something, get to 교수님덕분에

do something..
취직하게 됐어요.
It is used to express the idea that
the situation has changed due to Thanks to my
some conditions. Generally used professor, I got
when a new work/situation is employed.
started

V -고 I want to do something… 너를 보고 싶다.

싶다 It is used to indicate the desire of
Want to see (Miss)
the subject and is used with
you.
action verbs and ‘있다.’

A/V-군요 It is used to express surprise, 한국말도

delight, or wonder with an
exclamation mark; 하시는군요!

Adj + N(-이다) - ‘-군요!' Wow! You speak

Korean as well!
Verb - ‘-는군요!'

N/A/V (Past Tense) - ‘-군요!’ 이거 참 잘 맛있군요!

This is delicious!

V-기(가) It is easy to do …. 다른 언어보다

쉽다 한국어 배우기(가)
쉬워요.
It is easy to learn
Korean than other
languages.

A/V-기도 It is also ….. 시간이 사람들을

하다 슬프게 하기도 하고

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 행복하게 하기도
해요.
Time makes people
both sad and happy.

V-기로 Decide to do something.. 수진은 취직하기로

하다 It is used to indicate one's 했어요.
decision; the verb `-하다' can be
Sujin has decided to
replaced by the verb `약속하다, work.
결정하다, 결심하다, 작정하다’

V-지 않기로 하다' means 'to

decide not to do';
V-기로 하지 않다' means 'do not
decide to do'

V-는 I am in the middle of 저는 지금 점심을

something/doing something
중이다 먹는 중이에요.
I’m in the middle of
my lunch.

A/V- Formal style question final ending 돈이 있습니까?

ㅂ/습니까? (Present Tense)
Do you have
A/V- money?
ㅂ/습니다 아니요, 돈이
없습니다.
No, I don’t have
money.

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V-지 말아요 Do not do something.. 여기 담배 피우지
The pattern '-지 말다` 마세요.
V-지 마세요
preceded by an action verb
Do not smoke here.
expresses prohibition or
dissuasion. This pattern is 시끄럽게 하지 마세요.
always used as a negative
imperative sentence or a Don’t make noise.
negative propositive sentence. 오늘 학교에 가지
V-지 맙시다 – Let’s not do.. 맙시다.
Let’s not go to school
today.

A/V-지 않다 ‘negation'; directly follows by 나는 고기를 먹지

verbs or adjectives; ‘not, no’
않아요.
A/V-지 않아요 – Present
I don’t eat meat.
A/V-지 않았어요 – Past

A/V-지 않겠어요/않을 거예요 -

Future

N + 말고 Not that… /Don’t do that 산말고 바다에

(Generally followed by an 가자.
V + 지 말고 imperative or proposative Let’s go to the sea,
verb) not the mountain.
전화하지 말고
직접 오세요.
Don't call me, but
please come here
yourself.
공부하지 말고
영화 보자.
Let's not study, but
watch a movie
instead.

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-께 To someone 할머니께 편지 하나
Polite and honorific form 썼어요.
of’에게’
I wrote a letter to
grandma.
선생님께 드리려고
선물을 샀어요.
I bought a gift for my
teacher.

V-겠- Will/Shall (Future/Intention) 선생님, 저 내일 뵈러

Pre-ending -겠- is used for 가겠어요.
(V-겠어요/
expressing the speaker's
겠습니까) Sir/madam, I will come
conjecture or supposition or
to meet you tomorrow.
for asking intention of the
person spoken to in a polite
request.

V-고 있다 V-ing; is/am/are doing 지금 무엇을 하고

It is used to indicate a kind 있어요?
of process or continuing
action; ‘Is doing’; this pattern What are you doing
can have two different now?
meanings when used with
verbs dealing with items of
clothing: 입다, 쓰다, 신다; it is 요즘 한국어를 배우고
often used to express an 있어요.
action which started in the
I am learning Korean
past and is still going on. Like
these days.
– I am wearing that dress
(저는 그 옷을 입고 있다.)

V-기때문에 ’so, therefore, because’ 아프기 때문이 수업을

It is used to express cause 놓쳤어요.
and reason;
I missed the class
because I’m sick.

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V-기 위해서 For doing something.. 성공하기 위해서
Is used in complex sentences 열심히 해야 돼요.
and indicates the action in
the second sentence that is You have to work hard
the reason for achieving the for success.
object of the first sentence
Alternate pattern: N/V+기 –
위하여/위한

A/V-네요 To show exclamation/surprise 맛있네요 (It’s delicious!)

A/V- These modifiers are used to 제가 어제 먹은 음식이

는/(으)ㄴ/(으) make a descriptive or action
verb an adjective. They are 맛있어요.
ㄹ+N also used to make a complete The food that I ate
clause an adjective. yesterday was
Adj/Descriptive V – ㄴ/은 delicious.

('예쁜, 좋은, 아름다운, 바쁜) 우리 지금 읽는 책이

Verb -ㄴ/은 (Past) 인기 많은 소설이에요.
The book that we are
Verb – 는 (Present)
reading now is a
Verb – ㄹ/을 (Future) popular novel.
내일 만날 사람이 제
여자 친구예요.
The person I will meet
tomorrow is my
girlfriend.

A/V-지만 It is used to join two 질이 좋지만 비싸요.

sentences which are in
contrast with each other. ‘But’ The quality is good but
it’s expensive.

A/V-지요/죠 Isn’t it? 한국어를 배우기가

쉽지요.

23
 It is used if you want to seek Learning Korean is
the listener’s agreement or to easy, isn’t it?
ascertain what listener means
한국인이죠?
You are Korean.
Right/aren’t you?

TYPE 4. 조사
이/가 Subject particle 질이 좋다. Quality is good.
Indicates that the preceding
noun phrase is the subject of 학교가 멀어요. School is
the sentence. ‘-가’ is used after far.
a word which ends with a
vowel, while `-이’ is used after
a consonant

은/는 Topic Particle 이것은 책입니다.

The most important topic of the
This is a book.
sentence/ where you want to
focus. Students are often
confused between 은/는 and
이/가. They have quite similar
functions and most of the times
can be used interchangeably.

까지 Till 2 시까지 공부합니다.

It expresses the finishing point
I study till 2 o’clock.
of the action
끝까지 합시다. Let’s do it it
till the end.

에게, To someone 학생들에게 거짓말하지

It’s a dative marker which 마세요.
attaches to animate nouns; is

24
 often used as ‘한테’ in spoken Don’t tell lies to students.
language

께 Honorific Form of 에게 선생님께 – To the teacher

To (by/for) a person; about;
around; toward (a time); in the
vicinity (neighborhood) of;
near (a place)

께서 Honorific form of 은/는/이/가 할아버지께서 집에 계세요.

Can also mean ‘From’ Grandfather is at home.

도 Means 'also' or 'too'. This can 나도 가고 싶어요.

replace the subjective marker
I also want to go.
'-가/이', and the objective
marker '-을/를`

마다 ‘each; every; all’ 나라마다 풍습이 달라요.

Every country has different
customs.

만큼 As much as, up to/ to that 해만큼 바다가 아니예요.

extent
Sea is not wide as ocean.

밖에 Except something. Nothing but 내 지갑에 100 원밖에

…
없어요.
I’ve nothing but 100 won
in my wallet.

보다 (more than)It is used for 지하철이 택시보다 더

comparison.
빨라요.
It is often accompanied by '-
더' which means 'more' Subway is faster than a
taxi.

25
부터 It means ‘from’, the starting 여기부터 시작합시다. Let’s
point of an action
start from here.
8 시부터 수업이 있어요.
I have class from 8.

에 It is attached to nouns, and 저는 도서관에 있어요.

followed by '있다'(to be) and
I am in the library.
'없다'(not to be).. Meaning: “in,
at, on”.
When used with verb
가다/오다 it means ‘To’

에서 'At' or 'in' indicating the place 저는 도서관에서 공부하고

where some action takes
place. 있어요.
When used with verb I am studying at the
가다/오다 it means ‘From’ library.

와/과 ‘and, with, along (together) 호주와 한국. Australia and

with’
Korea
It can be used with words –
어머님과 살아요. I live with
같이/함께 (together)
my mother.

(으)로 Towards, By 강남으로 가요. I am going

Indicates a choice, shows to Gangnam.
direction, means, status, cause
버스로 가요. I am going by
bus.
커피로 하겠어요. I’ll have
coffee

을/를 Object particle 나는 한국어를 배워요.

I learn Korean.

26
의, ‘s , … of (possessive particle) 영숙의 책. Youngsuk’s book.
It is preceded by a noun and
indicates possession, 한국의 수도. Capital of
relationship, origin or status Korea
location

만 ‘only’; can be attached to 나는 10000 원만 있어요.

almost any word in the
sentence I’ve only ten thousand
Won.

(이)나 Or/But 커피나 차 마시고 싶어요.

I want to drink coffee or
tea.

(이)나 [정도·비교] as many [much] as; 한 달이나 미국에 있을

no less [fewer] than; as long as; 거예요.
nearly; about.; [선택] either... or;
I will be in US for around
or; any. one month.

처럼 like; as; as... as; so... as; as if 선생님은 우리를 친구처럼

대해요.
Our teacher treats us like
friend.

하고 It means ‘and’; connects words 사과하고 바나나를

on an equal basis
좋아해요.
I like banana and apple.

한테 -한테 means ‘To someone’ 친한 친구한테 내 비밀을

한테서 -한테서 means ‘From Someone’ 말했어요.

I told my secret to my best
Similar to ‘에게/에게서’ friend.

27
 TYPE 5.접사
들 If attached after a noun, it 학생(student) –학생들(students)
changes it to plural form

-씩 It is used to indicate 사과와 바나나 하나씩

distribution and is attached
to numbers and any 주세요.
counting classifier; ‘each, Give me apple and banana
respectively, one by one’ – one each.

-쯤 It means ‘around, about’ 1 시쯤 – Around 1’o clock

when guessing about
something 5-6 명쯤 – About 5-6 people

-동안 ‘(a space of) time; a period; 방학동안- during vacation

in, for,
during, as (so) long as’ 겨울동안 – during summer

TYPE 6. 부정 부사
못 Can’t/ Couldn’t 아파서 도서관에 못 갑니다.
It is used with action verbs, and
I can’t go to library because
means impossibility or strong
I am sick.
denial and refusal.

안 Don’t/Didn’t/Won’t 그는 매일 숙제를 안 합니다.

Expresses the negative and means
He doesn’t do his homework
'do not'. '안' is put before the verb. every day.

28
 SECTION II

Complete TOPIK Vocabulary

Beginner Level

29
 1. Nouns

Korean English Meaning

Word
가격 Price
가구 Furniture
가방 Bag
가을 Fall, Autumn
가족 Family
값 Price
강 River
거리 Distance
걱정 Anxiety; Worry
결혼식 Wedding
ceremony
경주 Race
경험 Experience
계절 Season
계획 Plan
고민 Worry; Agony
고양이 Cat
고향 Hometown
곳 Place
공연 Performance
공원 Park
공책 Note book

30
공항 Airport
과일 Fruit
과자 Snacks
관심 Interest
교통사고 Traffic accident
구두 Dress shoes
구입 Purchase
그림 Picture
극장 Theater
근처 Near
글자 Letter
금년 This year
기간 Period
기본 Standard
김치 Kimchi
까만 색 Black
꽃 Flower
꽃집 Flower shop
나라 Country
나무 Tree
날 Day
날씨 Weather
남산 Namsan
내년 Next year
내용 Content
내일 Tomorrow
31
냉면 Cold noodles
냉장고 Refrigerator
년 Year
노래 Song
누나 Male's elder sister
눈물 Tear
느낌 Feeling
다음 Next
다음달 Next month
단어 Word
달 Month
댁 Home
도서관 Library
돈 Money
동대문 Dongdaemun
동생 Younger sibling
뒤 Back
드라마 Drama
등산 Hiking
등산화 Hiking shoes
라디오 Radio
러시아 Russia
맞은편 Across from
머리 Head
모습 Figure
모자 Hat
32
무게 Weight
문 Door
문구점 Stationary store
문제 Problem; Question;
Issue
문화 Culture
물건 Thing
미국 The USA
밑 Bottom
바지 Pants
박물관 Museum
밖 Outside
반(수업) Class
방 Room
방법 Method
방송국 Broadcasting
station
배 Ship
배2 Pear
배우 Actor
백화점 Department store
버스 Bus
번호 Number
병원 Hospital
볼펜 Ball point pen
봄 Spring

33
부모 Parent
부모님 Parents
부분 Part
부탁 Request
분위기 Atmosphere
불고기 Bulgogi
비 Rain
비행기 Airplane
빵 Bread
사과 Apple
사람 Person
사무실 Office
사은품 Freebie; Bonus gift
사전 Dictionary
사진 Photo
산 Mountain
색 Color
색깔 Colors
생각 Thinking
생일 Birthday
생활 Life
서울 Seoul
서울역 Seoul Station
서점 Bookstore
선물 Present/Gift
선생님 Teacher
34
설명 Explanation
설악산 Seoraksan
성격 Character
소개 introduction
소식 News
손 Hand
손님 Customer
수업 Class
수첩 Pocket book
시간 Time
시계 Watch
시장 Market
시청 city hall
시험 Test
식당 Restaurant
식사 Meal
신문 Newspaper
신발 Shoes
아기 Baby
아래 Bottom
아버지 Father
아이스크림 Ice cream
아저씨 Sir
아주머니 Ma'am
아침 Morning
아침 2 Breakfast
35
아파트 Apartment
안 In
안경 Eye glasses
안내 Information
앞 In front of
야구 Baseball
약 Medicine
약국 Pharmacy
약속 Appointment
어머니 Mother
어제 Yesterday
얼굴 Face
옛날 Old
여자 Girl
여행 Trip
역사 History
연락 Contact
연필 Pencil
영수증 Receipt
영어 English
영화 Movie
옆 Beside
오래간만 After a long time
오랜만 After a long time
오른쪽 Right (direction)
오후 Afternoon
36
올해 This year
옷 Clothes
외국인 Foreigner
요리사 Chef
요즘 These days
우산 Umbrella
우유 Milk
운동 Exercise
웬일 What matter
위 Upper part
유학 Study abroad
은행 Bank
음료수 Drink
음식 Food
음악회 Concert
의미 Meaning
의자 Chair
이름 Name
이번 This time
이상 Strange
인터넷 Internet
일 Work
일본 Japan
일본어 Japanese
일요일 Sunday
자동차 Car
37
자리 Seat
자전거 Bicycle
작년 last year
잡지 Magazine
장소 Place
저녁 Evening
전자사전 Electronic
dictionary
전화번호 Phone number
점심 Lunch
정리 Arrangement
제주도 Jeju Island
졸업 Graduate
주 Week
주말 Weekend
주소 Address
주인 Owner
준비 Prepare
중국 China
지갑 Wallet
지난주 Last week
지난해 Last year
지하철 Subway
집 House
찻값 A tea charge
창문 Window
38
책 Book
책상 Desk
청소 Clean
축구 Football (soccer)
취미 Hobby
취직 Getting a job
치마 Skirt
친구 Friend
침대 Bed
카메라 Camera
캐나다 Canada
커피 Coffee
컴퓨터 Computer
큰형 Male's oldest
brother
테니스장 Tennis court
토요일 Saturday
통장 Bankbook
파란색 Blue
파티 Party
편지 Letter
평일 Weekday
포도 Grape
표 Ticket
품목 Goods
피아노 Piano
39
필요 Need
하숙집 Boarding house
학원 Academy
한국 Korea
한국말 Korean speech
한국어 Korean language
한복 Traditional Korean
Clothes
한식집 Korean restaurant
할머니 Grandmother
할아버지 Grandfather
할인 Discount
행사 Event
형 Male's older
brother
호 Room number
호선 Subway line
회사 Company
회사원 Office worker
회의 Meeting
후 After
휴일 Holiday
희망 Hope
힘 Effort

40
 2. Counting Units

Korean English Meaning

Word
개 general counter
권 Books
대 Machines
마리 Animal
명 People
번 Times (ex, 3 times)
병 Bottle
분 People
사람 People
살 Age
송이 Bunch (of fruit)
인분 A serving of food
잔 Glass
장 Paper
층 Floor
통 Package

3. Verbs
Korean English Meaning
Word
가다 Go
가져가다 Carry/Bring
41
가지고 가다 Go with something/
Carry something
갈아타다 Transfer (subway)
감기에 Catch a cold
걸리다
갔다 오다 Go and come,
travel
갖다 Take
걱정하다 Worry
건너가다 Cross (a road)
걸리다 Catch
경험하다 Experience
계획을 Make a plan
세우다
계획하다 Plan
고르다 Choose
고장 나다 Get out of order
(machine)
구경하다 Watch
구하다 Rescue
그리다 Draw a picture
기다리다 Wait
기억을 하다 Remember
기억이 나다 Remember
길이 막히다 Road/traffic jam
깎다 Trim

42
꺼내다 Take out
끄다 Turn off
끊다 Cut
끝나다 End
끝내다 Finish
끼다 Put on
나가다 Go out
나오다 Come out
내다(돈) Take out money
내리다 Drop
넣다 Pour
노래 부르다 Sing a song
노래하다 Sing
노력하다 Effort
놀다 Play
농구하다 Play basketball
눈물이 나다 Cry
다녀오다 Go back
다니다 Go back and forth
닫다 Close
대답하다 Answer
도착하다 Arrive
돈이 들다 To Cost
돌아오다 Return
되다 Become

43
드리다 Give (to older
person)
드시다 Eat (to older
person)
듣다 Listen
들다 Enter
들어가다 Enter
떠나다 Leave
마시다 Drink
마음에 들다 Like
마치다 Finish
만나다 Meet
만들다 Make
말씀 드리다 Speak to (older
person)
말씀하시다 Speak
말하다 Speak
먹다 Eat
모르다 Do not know
모으다 Gather
모자라다 Insufficient
목욕하다 Take a bath
묻다 Question
물어보다 Ask
받다 Receive
밥을 먹다 Eat food

44
배우다 Learn
벗다 Take off
보내다 Send
보다 See
부르다 Full
부치다 Send mail
부탁하다 Request
빌려주다 Lend
빌리다 Borrow
빼다 Subtract
사고 Accident
나다 Be
사다 Buy
사용하다 Use
사진을 찍다 Take a photo
산책하다 Take a walk
살다 Live
서다 Stand
설거지하다 Wash
설명하다 Explain
소개하다 Introduce
수영하다 Swim
쉬다 Rest
시작되다 Begin
시작하다 Start
시키다 Order
45
식사하다 Have a meal
신다 Wear (shoes)
싫어하다 Dislike
쓰다 Write
쓰다(모자) Wear (hat)
씻다 Wash (face)
앉다 Sit
알다 Know
알아듣다 Understand
어울리다 Match
여행하다 Travel
연락하다 Connect
연습하다 Practice
열이 나다 Have a fever
예약하다 Make a
promise/appointme
nt
오다 Come
오르다 Rise
올라오다 Come up, Climb
우산을 쓰다 Use an umbrella
운동하다 Exercise
운전하다 Drive
웃다 Laugh
이사 가다 Move to other
place

46
이사하다 Move
이야기하다 Conversation
이용하다 Use
이해하다 Understand
일어나다 Wake
읽다 Read
잃다 Lose
잃어버리다 Lose
입다 Wear
잊다 Forget
잘되다 Be well
잘하다 Do well
잠이 오다 Feel sleepy
잡수시다 Eat
전하다 Transmit; Tell
전화(를) Call (telephone)
걸다
전화를 Give the phone to
바꿔주다 someone
전화를 받다 Receive a call
전화를 하다 Call
조심하다 Be careful
좋아하다 To like
주다 Give
주무시다 Sleep (only to
older persons)
47
주문하다 Order
준비하다 Prepare
지나다 Pass
지내다 Spend; live
질문하다 Ask a question
짓다 Make
찾다 Search for
찾아가다 Visit
청소하다 Clean
초대하다 Invite
축구를 하다 Play football
출발하다 Depart
취직하다 Get a job
켜다 Turn on
콧물이 나다 Have a runny nose
타다 Ride
테니스 치다 Play tennis
틀리다 Incorrect
푹 자다 Have a good Sleep
피아노를 Play piano
치다
하다 Do
화나다 Get Angry
회의하다 Have a meeting

48
 4. Adjectives

Korean English Meaning

Word
가볍다 Light
감사하다 Thanks
계시다 Be (to older
people)
고맙다 Thanks
맑다 Clear
괜찮다 Ok
기분이 좋다 Feel happy, Mood
is good
길다 Long
깊다 Deep
깨끗하다 Clean
나쁘다 Bad
적다 Write down
낮다 Low
넓다 Wide
높다 High
다르다 Different
더럽다 Dirty
덥다 Hot
따뜻하다 Warm
많다 Many
49
맛없다 Tastes bad
맛있다 Tastes good
멋있다 Handsome/ Cool (a
cool person)
무섭다 Scary
미안하다 Sorry
반갑다 Glad
밝다 Bright
배가 고프다 Hungry
배가 부르다 Full(Stomach)
배고프다 Hungry
복잡하다 Crowded
부지런하다 Diligent
불편하다 Inconvenient
비슷하다 Similar
비싸다 Expensive
새롭다 New
쉽다 Easy
슬프다 Sad
싫다 Hate
싸다 Cheap
아름답다 Beautiful
아프다 Painful
어둡다 Dark
어리다 Young
없다 Not have
50
예쁘다 Pretty
위험하다 Dangerous
유명하다 Famous
이상하다 Strange
있다 Have
작다 Small
재미있다 Interesting/fun
적다 Less
조용하다 Quiet
좁다 Narrow
좋다 Like
죄송하다 Sorry
중요하다 Important
즐겁다 Joyful
짧다 Short
춥다 Cold
친절하다 Kind
크다 Big
키가 크다 Tall
편리하다 Convenient
편안하다 Comfortable
편하다 Easy
피곤하다 Tired
필요하다 Needed
한가하다 Free(time)
힘들다 Difficult
51
 5. Adverbs

Korean Word English

Meaning
가까이 Near
가끔 Sometimes
가장 Most
갑자기 Suddenly
같이 Like
거의 Almost
계속 Continuously
곧 Soon
그냥 Just
금방 Soon
꼭 Exactly
나중에 Later
날마다(날+마다)=매일 Everyday
너무 Too
늦게 Late
다 All
더 More
따로 Separately
또 And

52
똑바로 Straight
마침내 At last
많이 A lot of
매우 Very
매일 Daily
먼저 Ahead
모두 All
못 nail; cannot
미리 In advance
바로 Straight;
Right
방금 Right now
벌써 Already
별로 Very
보통 Normally
빨리 Quickly
새로 New
서로 Each other
아까 Some time
ago
아마 Perhaps
아주 Very
아직 Yet
어서 Quick
안 Not
언제나 Always

53
열심히 Hard
오래 Long
오래간만에 In a long
time
오랜만에 For a long
time
요즘 These days
이따가 Later
이제 Now
일찍 Early
자주 Often
잘 Well
잠깐 Wait
잠시 Moment
전혀 Not at all
정말 Really
제일 Best
조금 A little
조용히 Quietly
좀 Some
지금 Now
직접 Directly
참 Really
처음 First
천천히 Slowly
크게 Largely

54
특별히 Particularly
특히 Especially
푹 Well
함께 Together
항상 Always
혼자 Alone
혼자서 Alone

6. Conjunctions

Korean Word Explanation

그래서 So, Therefore
그러나 But
그러니까 That’s why
그러면 If it is so, In that
case
그럼 Then
그런데 But
그리고 And

7. Question Words

Korean Word English Meaning

누구 Who
무엇 What
뭐 What
55
어디 Where
어떻게 How
언제 When
얼마나 How much
왜 Why
어느 Which
몇 How many
무슨 What

8. Numbers

Korean Word English Meaning

세 3
십삼 13
십이 12
아홉 9
여섯 6
열두 12
열셋 13
한 1
스물/스무 20

9. Pronouns

Korean Word English Meaning

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거기 There
그 the
그것/그거 It
아무 곳 Wherever
여기 Here
여러분 Everyone
우리 Our
이 This
이것/이거 This
저 That
저것/저거 That
저기 There
저희 We

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 1. Grammar & Vocabulary Study Tips

- Make your own Grammar and Vocabulary list. Write the grammar patterns and
vocabulary that you don’t know. Make this notebook your bedtime book for at
least 1 week before the test. Make sure to have a look at the list every day.

- Don’t just write the grammar patterns, words and their explanation. Write an
example sentence in front of every entry. Take the help of Naver dictionary and
other sites to find example sentences. You can also write one simple sentence
that describes that word or grammar in your mother tongue.

- Write similar grammar patterns together. Ex: 기 때문에- This grammar pattern is

used to describe reason (Similar patterns -아서/어서, -니까)

- Similarly make a Synonyms & Antonyms list for words.

- Some words often come together. Write them as a single phrase instead of

writing as two separate words. (Ex: 미소를 짓다, 장갑을 끼다)

- Memorize counting units for different objects.

- Make a list of Irregular words and understand how they change with various

grammar patterns. (춥다 – 추워요, 듣다 – 들어요)

- Memorize specific honorific words like 드리다, 주무시다, 드시다, 연세, 성함 etc.

- For Intermediate-Advanced levels, you will also need to memorize common

proverbs, idiomatic expression, onomatopoeia etc.

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 2. How to Improve your Korean Vocabulary

In the previous chapter we discussed why vocabulary is of crucial importance for

learning Korean as well as for getting success in Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK).
In this chapter, we will learn some great methods to improve our Korean Vocabulary.

1. Make Word Lists

Word lists and Flash cards are most widely used Vocabulary learning methods.
Either make a two column table with Korean words in one column and their
meanings in the other (you can also add more columns like example sentence etc.) or
make flash cards with Korean words on one side and their meanings on the other.
Review these words regularly (at least once a week) and mark the words that you still
haven’t learned completely. While reviewing give special attention to these marked
(difficult) words. With time these difficult words will also go to your permanent memory
and then you can unmark them. Even if you think you have completely learned a list
it’s better to review it once in a while. Make a separate list of difficult words you often
forget and review it more frequently. You can also consider making your own personal
dictionary. I am not kidding.

Look up Dictionary

Always keep a dictionary handy and look up for words you don’t know. Try to get
rid of the habit of finding an alternative way of expressing yourself when you don’t
know (or can’t recall) the appropriate word. Looking up dictionary may be a boring task
but it really helps in long term. I prefer online dictionaries of Naver and Daum over
paper and electronic dictionaries as these online dictionaries give you much more
information. Looking up dictionary is even better than asking a teacher or a Korean
because when you see dictionary you don’t learn only one word but several related
word and phrases.

2. Learn Words in Context

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 Words are rarely used alone. They are used in a context and with other words,
phrases and grammar patterns. Just knowing the meaning of a word is not enough;
you need to know ‘who’, ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ of the word. Otherwise there are
good chances that you will make a blunder some time. There are words that are used
with particular people, at particular time and situations and in a particular way. Using
any of these aspects of the word in a wrong way may create an embarrassing situation
for you. So when you learn words try to get as much information as you can about the
context in which it’s used.

3. Learn related words

When you learn a word, try to write/learn other words/phrases that are frequently
used with it. For example, If you look up dictionary for the word ‘훨씬’ you will find the

meaning as ‘(very) much, far, a lot’. But you can’t use ‘훨씬’ for every ‘far’, ‘much’, or

‘a lot’. if you read example entries you will find that this word is most frequently used
with ‘보다’, ‘더’ and adjectives to show comparisons. Also learn various possible forms
of a word. For example – 예쁘다 – 예쁩니다, 예뻐요, 예쁘죠 etc. This type of additional
information will help you learn the appropriate use of the words.

4. Make Associations

Make associations and connections between the new words you learn and
words/things you already know. For example, some word may sound like something
different/funny/interesting in your mother tongue. Or, some words mind remind you of
something. Funny and weird associations are OK. In fact, they are better. You can
also use Mnemonic (a memory trick used to remember things) to improve your
vocabulary retention. Connect words with images, people or events around you,
convert them into rhymes/poems etc.

5. Review and Practice

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 We need frequent exposure to a word, either by listening, speaking, reading or
writing, to learn it permanently. Research says words need 20-30 repetitions/reviews
to move to our permanent memory. Use the new words you learn as much as you can
even if you are doubtful about its correct use. Just play with the words; use them in
different combinations. Take risks. Mistakes and blunders are okay; they make us
learn things. And in fact the funny mistakes are the most interesting thing about
learning a foreign language. Aren’t they?

6. Mix Words with your Mother Tongue

Using the foreign language words in sentences in one’s mother tongue can also
be a good technique to learn and practice words; and it’s fun. For example you learned
the word ‘예쁘다 (Beautiful)’. You can practice it with sentences like ‘These Flowers
are really 예쁘다’. It might sound weird but believe me it can help you memorize some
really difficult words.

7. Read Extensively

Reading widely is the BEST way to enhance vocabulary in any language. Reading
exposes us to a wide range of vocabulary in various contexts. The important thing
here, is to select a reading material that interests you and suits your level otherwise
you will give up very soon. No one likes to look up dictionary 10 times to understand
a single sentence. There are plenty of reading material – newspapers, comics, stories,
blogs - available in Korean language on internet. Read what you like to read the most
and note down the new and interesting words and phrases you come across. It’s also
a good method to read the English (or your mother tongue) version of a big news first
and then read the Korean version. Now you already know the news story, you just
have to focus on the language they use to convey it.

8. DEVELOP YOUR OWN VOCABULARY LEARNING METHOD

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