Complete Guide

To
TOPIK
Test of Proficiency in Korean

Vocabulary & Grammar

BEGINNER LEVEL

By

TOPIK GUIDE

www.topikguide.com
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 Copyright © 2014 Satish Chandra Satyarthi

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quotations in a book review or scholarly journal.

First Published: 2014

T OPIK GUIDE

Seoul, South Korea

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Table of Contents
SECT ION I
T YPE 1. 아 / 어 / 여 ~ 계
T YPE 2. -( 으 )~ 계
T YPE 3. 자음 시작 ~ 계
T YPE 4. 조사
T YPE 5. 접사
T YPE 6. 부정 부사
SECT ION II
1. Nouns
2. Counting Units
3. Verbs
4. Adjectives
5. Adverbs
6. Conjunctions
7. Question Words
8. Numbers
1. Grammar & Vocabulary Study T ips
2. How to Improve your Korean Vocabulary
 SECTION I

Complete TOPIK
Grammar Beginner Level
 TYPE 1. 아 / 어 / 여 ~ 계

Grammar Explanation Example

Sentence

V+ 아 / 어 / To do something for iPhone 사주세

여주다 someone 요 – Please buy
me an iPhone.

V+ 아 / 어 / To do something for 해드릴게요 – I

여드리다 someone else (honorific will do it for
of 아 / 어 / 여주다 ) you.

V+ 아 / 어 / It is used to convey 오늘낙지를먹

여보다 meanings such as 어봅시다 .
'someone tries doing Let’s try eating
something (to see how octopus today.
it will turn out) or
'someone does
something to see (how
it will turn out).'
A/V+ 아 / It conveys meanings 맛있어 보여
어 / 여보이 such as likeness, 요.
다 resemblance, or It looks
similarity. When delicious.
attached directly to the
stems of adjectives.
The past tense form of
this pattern is '- 아 /
어 / 여보였다 .'
A/V+ 아 / `- 도 ' is used to express 질이 좋아도
어 / 여도 'even if, even though' 비싸요 . Even
if quality is
good but it’s
expensive.
A/+V 아 / This pattern is used to 들어와도 돼
어 / 여도 되 ask for and giving 요?
다 permission. A positive May I come in?
reply should be like 아 /
어 / 여도되다 / 좋다 /
괜찮다 , For the
negative answer to a
request for permission,
you have to use the
pattern '-( 으 ) 면안되
다 .' May do’
A/V+ 아 / Is used to indicate 아파서 학교에
어 / 여서 1 cause or reason; in 못 가요 .
declarative and I can’t go
interrogative sentences; school because
cannot be used in I’m sick.
imperative and
propositivesentence,
where another
connective '-( 으 ) 니
까 ' is used
V+ 아 / 어 / It is used when the 아침에 일어나
여서 2 subject performs one 서 샤워를 해
action and then a 요.
second one; it is I take shower
attached to the first after I wake up
verb and is then in the morning.
followed by a second
verb.

A/V+ 아 / is used to express 매일 학교에

어 / 여야 obligation or necessity; 가야 돼요 .
되다 / 하다 tense is expressed in the One should go
verb ' 하다 '. ‘Must, to school daily.
have to’ 제가 내일 부
 산에 가야 해
요.
I have to go to
Busan
tomorrow.
V+ 아 / 어 / Will have to do 5 월 말까지 세
여야겠다 something. 금을 내야겠어
요.
I’ll have to pay
taxes by end of
May.
A/V+ 아 / The informal polite 나는 시장에
어 / 여요 speech style (present 가요 / 갑니다 .
tense) I’m going to
market.
이 책이 좋아
요.
This book is
good.
A+ 아 / 어 / To become/get … 날씨가 더워져
여지다 something (Change is 요.
status/degree) The weather is
getting hot.
 열심히 공부하
면 한국어 실
력이 좋아질
거예요 .
If you study
hard, your
Korean will get
better.
A/V+ 았 / Past Tense 사라는 어제
었 / 였다 It is used to indicate an 고향에 갔어
action which took place 요.
in the past or a Sara went to
condition which used to hometown
exist. yesterday.
영화가 재미있
었어요 .
The movie was
interesting.
A/V+ 았 / This grammar pattern 배고팠겠다 .
었 / 였겠다 is used to convey You must have
supposition, conjecture, been hungry.
a guess, a thought or 우리는 늦었
observation about 어 . 수업이 끝
something in the past. It 났겠어 .
 can sometimes be We are late.
translated as 'I think', 'I The class must
bet', 'I guess', 'It must have been over.
have been ~'. This
pattern cannot be used
to express the thoughts
or supposition (etc) of a
second or third person
and must express the
thought of the person
saying or writing it.
A/V+ 았 / It is used to express the 키가 좀 더 컸
었 / 였으면 speaker's hope or 으면 졸겠어
좋겠다 desire. Even though the 요.
past tense - 았 / 었 / I wish I was a
였 - is used, this pattern little taller.
does not refer to the 여행을 갈 수
past. So, even when 있었으면 좋겠
this pattern is used 다.
without the past tense It would have
like ‘-( 으 ) 면좋겠다 ', been great if I
there is no difference in could go on a
meaning. trip.
이 / 가아니 Is/am/are not 저는 중국 사
다 The negative of ‘- 이 람이 아닙니
다‘ 다.
I am not
Chinese.
이것은 사실이
아니에요 .
This is not the
truth.
이에요 / 예 The informal polite 내 책이에요 .
요 form of ‘- 입니다 ’ This is my
book.
 TYPE 2. -( 으 )~ 계
V-( 으 ) ㄴ지 This pattern 'Verb + - 대학교를 졸업
( 시간 ) 되다 ( 으 ) ㄴ지 + time 한지5년됐
word + 되다 ' is used to 어요 .
express an interval of It has been 5
time which extends years since I
from a definite past to graduated from
the present. The case University.
marker '- 가 ` or '- 는 '
can be attached
optionally after ‘ 지 '
A/V+ ( 으 ) It seems/looks/appears 그 사람은 한
ㄴ/는/을것 like ……. 국인인 것 같
같다 N+ 인 것 같다 - 아.
N+ 인 것 같 Present I think he is
다 A + ( 으 ) ㄴ것 같다 – Korean.
Present/past 이게 더 좋은
A + ( 으 ) ㄹ 것 같다 - 것 같아요 .
Future I think this is
V+ ( 으 ) ㄴ것 같다 - better.
past 비가 오는 것
V+ 는 것 같다 – 같아 .
Present I guess it's
V+ ( 으 ) ㄹ 것 같다 – raining.
 future 곧 도착할 것
같아요 .
I think I’ll
arrive soon.
V+ ( 으 ) ㄴ It means ‘after having 수업이 끝난
후에 done something ’ ; used 후에 시장에
with the action verbs. 가자 .
The tense is expressed Let’s go to the
in the main (final) verb . market after
class.
A/V+( 으 ) ㄹ The informal ending of 우리는 오늘
거예요 the future tense ‘-( 으 ) 문법을 공부
ㄹ겁니다 ‘; with a 할 거에요 .
rd We will study
3 person subject it
expresses a supposition grammar
or presumption, with a today.
1st person subject – 박 대통령님
the speaker’s plan or 은 인도 방문
intention 을 할 거예요 .
President Park
supposes to
visit India.
A+V-( 으 ) ㄹ It is used with verbs 누가 이것을
수 있다 / 없 and indicates ability, 할 수 있어
다 capability, possibility or 요 ?
permission Who can do
this?

A/V-( 으 ) ㄹ I didn’t know that 학교가 이렇

줄 알았다 / ………… 게 넓을 줄 몰
몰랐다 랐어요 .
I didn’t know
that the school
is so big.
돈을 버는 게
이렇게 어려
운 줄 몰랐어
요.
I didn’t know
earning money
is so difficult.
-( 으 ) ㄹ까하 ‘I am thinking of doing 방학때 여행
다 something…’ 을 할까 해요 .
I’m thinking of
going on a trip
in vacation.

-( 으 ) ㄹ래요 V + ( 으 ) ㄹ래요 : 나는 이제 잘
This grammar pattern 래.
has several usages: I'm going to
1. When used with in sleep now.
the first person tense, 내일 영화 보
it is used to expresses 러 갈래요 ?
the intention or will of Do you want
the speaker. to go see a
2. When used with movie
another subject, it tomorrow?
asks for the thoughts 너 죽을래 ?
and intentions of the Do you wanna
listener. This can be a die?
polite way of asking 소주 한 병 더
someone if they want 주실래요 ?
to or can do Could I have
something either with another bottle
you or for you. of soju?"
However in the case
with strangers, elders
or people in a higher
status position, you
should attach the
honorific suffix 시 if
you are asking them
to do something for
 you, otherwise it can
still seem rude (even
with a 요 ending!).
See below.

V-( 으 ) 러 It is used to express the 수영하러 갑

purpose of the subject's 시다 .
action and is followed Let’s go for
by either ' 가다 '(to go), swimming.
' 오다 '(to come) or
their compounds, or
any verb which
indicates movement,
such as ' 다니다 '(to go
and come regularly)
-( 으 ) 려고 Plan/intend to do …. 미래에 사업
하는데요 을 하려고 하
는데요 .
I plan to do
business in
future.

-( 으 ) 려면 If you want to do … / 장학금을 받

In order to do …. 으려면 열심
 히 공부해야
돼요 .
If you want to
get scholarship
then you have
to study hard.
A/V-( 으 ) 면 You just have to do … 여기 사인해
되다 주시면 돼요 .
You just have
to sign here.
학생은 성실
하면 돼요 .
A student
should be
sincere.
A/V-( 으 ) 면 It would be good if 아침 9 시에
좋다 …. 오시면 좋겠
어요 .
It would be
good if you
come at 9 AM.
V-( 으 ) ㅂ시 “Let’s do…” 커피 한잔 마
다 It is used to express the 십시다 .
subject's suggestion Let’s have a
 with the action verbs cup of coffee
and the verb of together.
existence ' 있다 '. It
cannot be used with
' 이다 ' nor with
adjectives. In plain
speech style( 반말 )
you can use the form '-
자'
V-( 으 ) 시 - The honorific form 아버님께서 신
ex: 가다 – 가시다 . 문을 보십니
Some verbs have a 다.
special honorific Father is
version of them: reading
먹다 – 드시다 , 잡수 newspaper.
시다 어디에서 오셨
있다 – 계시다 어요 ?
자다 – 주무시다 Where have
만나다 – 뵙다 you come
from?

V-( 으 ) ㄴ 적 Indicate one's past 내가 한국에

이 있다 experiences. “Have the 간 적이 있어
 experience of doing 요.
….” I’ve been to
It’s also used like – Korea.
V+ 아 / 어 본 적이 있
다.
A/V-( 으 ) ㄴ / I know that …. 우리 반친구
는지 알다 미누가 일본
에 가는 지 알
아요 ?
Do you know
that our
classmate
Minu is going
to Japan?
A/V-( 으 ) It is a conjunction used 김치를 먹는
ㄴ / 는데 to introduce a certain 데 맛이 없었
fact, or background 어요 .
information. It can have I’ve tried
a meaning of – but, eating Kimchi
and, so etc. but it wasn’t
N + 인데 tasty.
A+ - ㄴ ( 은 ) 데 오늘 날씨 좋
V + 는데 은데 한강에
갈까 ?
 The weather is
good today;
shall we go to
Han river?

A/V-( 으 ) 니 Indicates reason and 벌써 늦었으

까 cause. Used when the 니까 택시로
main clause is an 갑시다 .
imperative (- 세요 / 십 Let’s go by
시오 ) or propositive(- taxi as we are
ㅂ 시다 ). already late.
V-( 으 ) ㄹ때 While, when, at the 나는 고향에
time of 갈 때 기차로
가요 .
I go by train
when I visit
my hometown.
V-( 으 ) ㄹ 줄 I know/don’t know 그녀는 운전
알다 / 모르다 how to do something 할 줄 몰라요 .
It is used to express the She doesn’t
knowledge or lack of know how to
knowledge of a drive.
technique or process of
 doing something
-( 으 ) ㄹ게요 I will, We will ((It is 이번에 열심
used with first person 히 할게요 .
subject only) I will surely
The speaker's intention work hard this
or plan or promise. It is time.
used with action verbs
as well as with the
verb 있다
V-( 으 ) ㄹ까 Shall we do…? 시간이 있으
요? It is used to put a 면 내일 시장
proposal and ask 에 갈까요 ?
someone's opinion, If you have
view or appraisal. time then shall
we go to
market
tomorrow?
V-( 으 ) 려고 In order to do 친구를 선물하
In the middle something, with the 려고 모자를
of sentence purpose of 샀어요 .
It is used to indicate the I bought a hat
purpose of the speaker for gift it to my
(subject)'s action. friend.
V-( 으 ) 려고 Plan to/Intend to do 이번 주말에
하다 something 친구를 만나
In the end of It is used with 려고 합니다 .
sentence verbs(including ` 있 I plan to meet
다 '); this pattern is a friend this
used to indicate a weekend.
subject's intention; 돈을 아끼고
restricted to first and 집을 사려고
second personal 해요 .
pronouns I intend to buy
a house after
saving money.
A/V-( 으 ) 면 If…. 저를 만나고
싶으면 내일
It can be used with any 와요 .
verb or adjective and If you want to
indicates condition meet me, come
and/or stipulation; in tomorrow.
Korean the dependent
clause precedes the
main clause.
Sometimes, the word `
만일 / 만약 ' is used at
the beginning of a
 conditional clause.

A/V-( 으 ) 면 You should not do that./ 여기서 담배를

안 되다 It would not be good 피우면 안 돼
if…. 요.
You should not
smoke here.
V-( 으 ) 면서 While doing 저녁을 먹으
something… 면서 뉴즈를
It is used to express 봐요 .
two simultaneous I have my
actions done by the dinner while
same person. It watching
attaches to the verb news.
directly; someone does
something while he is
doing something else (at
the same time)

V-( 으 ) 세요 It implies respect of the 여기 앉으세

speaker for the subject 요 .
of the sentence, means Please sit here.
'Please do something'
when referring to the
second person
V-( 으 ) 십시 Imperative verb form/ 선생님 , 먼저
오 Please do …. 가십시오 .
(A little more Sir, you go
polite/honorific than V- first, please.
( 으 ) 세요 )
 TYPE 3. 자음 시작 ~ 계
N+ 때문에 ‘because of, owing to, as 비 때문에 늦었
a result of, in 어요 .
consequence of’ I got late
because of the
rain.
N/A/V- 거 [ 열거 ] and; or; [ 양보 ] 아무거나 –
나 (even) though [if]; no anything
matter how (what 싸거나 비싸거
／ when ／ where 나 살게요 .
／ who); whatever No matter
whether it’s
cheap or
expensive I’ll
buy it.
V- 게 되다 Happen to do something, 교수님덕분에
get to do something.. 취직하게 됐어
It is used to express the 요.
idea that the situation has Thanks to my
changed due to some professor, I got
conditions. Generally used employed.
when a new
work/situation is started
V- 고 싶 I want to do something… 너를 보고 싶
다 It is used to indicate the 다.
desire of the subject and Want to see
is used with action verbs (Miss) you.
and ‘ 있다 .’
A/V- 군요 It is used to express 한국말도 하시
surprise, delight, or 는군요 !
wonder with an Wow! You
exclamation mark; speak Korean as
Adj+ N(- 이다 )- ‘- 군 well!
요 !'
Verb - ‘- 는군요 !' 이거 참 잘 맛
N/A/V (Past Tense) - ‘- 있군요 !
군요 !’ This is
delicious!
V- 기 It is easy to do …. 다른 언어보다
( 가 ) 쉽다 한국어 배우기
( 가 ) 쉬워요 .
It is easy to
learn Korean
than other
languages.
A/V- 기도 It is also ….. 시간이 사람들
하다 을 슬프게 하기
 도 하고 행복하
게 하기도 해
요.
Time makes
people both sad
and happy.

V- 기로 하 Decide to do something.. 수진은 취직하

다 It is used to indicate one's 기로 했어요 .
decision; the verb `- 하 Sujin has
다 ' can be replaced by decided to
the verb ` 약속하다 , 결 work.
정하다 , 결심하다 , 작정
하다 ’
V- 지 않기로 하다 '
means 'to decide not to
do';
V- 기로 하지 않다 '
means 'do not decide to
do'
V- 는 중이 I am in the middle of 저는 지금 점심
다 something/doing 을 먹는 중이에
something 요.
I’m in the
 middle of my
lunch.
A/V- ㅂ / Formal style question final 돈이 있습니
습니까 ? ending (Present Tense) 까?
A/V- ㅂ / Do you have
습니다 money?
아니요 , 돈이
없습니다 .
No, I don’t have
money.
V- 지 말아요 Do not do something.. 여기 담배
V- 지 마세요 The pattern '- 지 말다 ` 피우지 마
preceded by an action verb 세요 .
expresses prohibition or Do not
dissuasion. This pattern is smoke
always used as a negative here.
imperative sentence or a 시끄럽게
negative propositive 하지 마세
sentence. 요.
V- 지 맙시다 – Let’s not Don’t make
do.. noise.
오늘 학교
에 가지 맙
시다 .
Let’s not
go to
school
today.
A/V- 지 않다 ‘negation'; directly follows 나는 고기
by verbs or adjectives; ‘not, 를 먹지 않
no’ 아요 .
A/V- 지 않아요 – Present I don’t eat
 A/V- 지 않았어요 – Past meat.
A/V- 지 않겠어요 / 않을 거
예요 - Future
N + 말고 Not that… /Don’t do that 산말고 바
V + 지 말고 (Generally followed by an 다에 가
imperative or proposative 자.
verb) Let’s go
to the sea,
not the
mountain.
전화하지
말고 직접
오세요 .
Don't call
me, but
please
come here
yourself.
공부하지
말고 영화
보자 .
Let's not
study, but
watch a
 movie
instead.
-께 To someone 할머니께
Polite and honorific form 편지 하나
of’ 에게 ’ 썼어요 .
I wrote a
letter to
grandma.
선생님께
드리려고
선물을 샀
어요 .
I bought a
gift for my
teacher.
V- 겠 - Will/Shall (Future/Intention) 선생님 ,
(V- 겠어요 / Pre-ending - 겠 - is used for 저 내일
겠습니까 ) expressing the speaker's 뵈러 가겠
conjecture or supposition or 어요 .
for asking intention of the Sir/madam,
person spoken to in a polite I will come
request. to meet
you
tomorrow.
V- 고 있다 V-ing; is/am/are doing 지금 무엇
It is used to indicate a kind 을 하고 있
of process or continuing 어요 ?
action; ‘Is doing’; this What are
pattern can have two you doing
different meanings when now?
used with verbs dealing with
items of clothing: 입다 , 쓰 요즘 한국
다 , 신다 ; it is often used to 어를 배우
express an action which 고 있어
started in the past and is still 요.
going on. Like – I am I am
wearing that dress ( 저는 그 learning
옷을 입고 있다 .) Korean
these days.
V- 기때문에 ’so, therefore, because’ 아프기 때
It is used to express cause 문이 수업
and reason; 을 놓쳤어
요.
I missed
the class
because
I’m sick.
V- 기 위해서 For doing something.. 성공하기
 Is used in complex 위해서 열
sentences and indicates the 심히 해야
action in the second 돼요 .
sentence that is the reason You have to
for achieving the object of work hard
the first sentence for
Alternate pattern: N/V+ 기 success.
– 위하여 / 위한
A/V- 네요 To show 맛있네요
exclamation/surprise (It’s
delicious!)
A/V- These modifiers are used to 제가 어제
는 /( 으 ) make a descriptive or action 먹은 음식
ㄴ /( 으 ) ㄹ verb an adjective. They are 이 맛있어
+N also used to make a 요.
complete clause an The food
adjective. that I ate
Adj/Descriptive V – ㄴ / 은 yesterday
(' 예쁜 , 좋은 , 아름다운 , was
바쁜 ) Verb- ㄴ / 은 (Past) delicious.
Verb – 는 (Present) 우리 지금
Verb – ㄹ / 을 (Future) 읽는 책이
인기 많은
소설이에
 요.
The book
that we are
reading
now is a
popular
novel.
내일 만날
사람이 제
여자 친구
예요 .
The person
I will meet
tomorrow
is my
girlfriend.

A/V- 지만 It is used to join two 질이 좋지

sentences which are in 만 비싸
contrast with each 요.
other. ‘But’ The quality
is good but
it’s
expensive.
A/V- 지요 / 한국어를
죠 Isn’t it? 배우기가
It is used if you want to 쉽지요 .
seek the listener’s Learning
agreement or to ascertain Korean is
what listener means easy, isn’t
it?
한국인이
죠?
You are
Korean.
Right/aren’t
you?
TYPE 4. 조사
이/가 Subject particle 질이 좋다 . Quality
Indicates that the is good.
preceding noun phrase 학교가 멀어요 .
is the subject of the School is far.
sentence. ‘- 가 ’ is used
after a word which ends
with a vowel, while `-
이 ’ is used after a
consonant
은/는 Topic Particle 이것은 책입니다 .
The most important This is a book.
topic of the sentence/
where you want to
focus. Students are
often confused between
은 / 는 and 이 / 가 .
They have quite similar
functions and most of
the times can be used
interchangeably.
까지 Till 2 시까지 공부합니
It expresses the 다.
I study till 2
 finishing point of the o’clock.
action 끝까지 합시다 .
Let’s do it it till the
end.

에게 , To someone 학생들에게 거짓말

It’s a dative marker 하지 마세요 .
which attaches to Don’t tell lies to
animate nouns; is often students.
used as ‘ 한테 ’ in
spoken language
께 Honorific Form of 에게 선생님께 – To the
To (by/for) a person; teacher
about; around;
toward (a time); in the
vicinity (neighborhood)
of; near (a place)
께서 Honorific form of 은 / 할아버지께서 집에
는/이/가 계세요 .
Can also mean ‘From’ Grandfather is at
home.
도 Means 'also' or 'too'. 나도 가고 싶어요 .
This can replace the I also want to go.
subjective marker '-
가 / 이 ', and the
objective marker '- 을 /
를`
마다 ‘each; every; all’ 나라마다 풍습이
달라요 .
Every country has
different customs.
만큼 As much as, up to/ to 해만큼 바다가 아
that extent 니예요 .
Sea is not wide as
ocean.
밖에 Except something. 내 지갑에 100 원
Nothing but … 밖에 없어요 .
I’ve nothing but 100
won in my wallet.
보다 (more than)It is used for 지하철이 택시보다
comparison. 더 빨라요 .
It is often accompanied Subway is faster
by '- 더 ' which means than a taxi.
'more'
부터 It means ‘from’, the 여기부터 시작합시
starting point of an 다 . Let’s start from
action here.
8 시부터 수업이
있어요 .
I have class from 8.
에 It is attached to nouns, 저는 도서관에 있
and followed by ' 있 어요 .
다 '(to be) and ' 없 I am in the library.
다 '(not to be)..
Meaning: “in, at, on”.
When used with verb 가
다 / 오다 it means ‘To’
에서 'At' or 'in' indicating the 저는 도서관에서
place where some action 공부하고 있어요 .
takes place. I am studying at the
When used with verb 가 library.
다 / 오다 it means
‘From’
와/과 ‘and, with, along 호주와 한국 .
(together) with’ Australia and Korea
It can be used with 어머님과 살아요 .
words – 같이 / 함께 I live with my
mother.
 (together)
( 으 ) 로 Towards, By 강남으로 가요 . I
Indicates a choice, am going to
shows direction, means, Gangnam.
status, cause 버스로 가요 . I am
going by bus.
커피로 하겠어요 .
I’ll have coffee
을/를 Object particle 나는 한국어를 배
워요 .
I learn Korean.
의, ‘s , … of (possessive 영숙의 책 .
particle) Youngsuk’s book.
It is preceded by a noun 한국의 수도 .
and indicates Capital of Korea
possession, relationship,
origin or status location
만 ‘only’; can be attached 나는 10000 원만
to almost any word in 있어요 .
the sentence I’ve only ten
thousand Won.
( 이 ) 나 Or/But 커피나 차 마시고
싶어요 .
 I want to drink
coffee or tea.
( 이 ) 나 [ 정도 · 비교 ] asmany 한 달이나 미국에
[much] as; no less 있을 거예요 .
[fewer] than; as long as; I will be in US for
nearly; about.; [ 선택 ] around one month.
either... or; or; any.
처럼 like; as; as... as; so... as; 선생님은 우리를
as if 친구처럼 대해요 .
Our teacher treats
us like friend.
하고 It means ‘and’; 사과하고 바나나를
connects words on an 좋아해요 .
equal basis I like banana and
apple.
한테 - 한테 means ‘To 친한 친구한테 내
한테서 someone’ 비밀을 말했어요 .
- 한테서 means ‘From I told my secret to
Someone’ my best friend.
Similar to ‘ 에게 / 에게
서’
TYPE 5. 접사
들 If attached after a 학생 (student) – 학생들
noun, it changes it to (students)
plural form
-씩 It is used to indicate 사과와 바나나 하나씩
distribution and is 주세요 .
attached to numbers Give me apple and
and any counting banana – one each.
classifier; ‘each,
respectively, one by
one’
-쯤 It means ‘around, 1 시쯤 – Around 1’o
about’ when guessing clock
about something 5-6 명쯤 – About 5-6
people
-동 ‘(a space of) time; a 방학동안 - during
안 period; in, for, vacation
during, as (so) long 겨울동안 – during
as’ summer
 TYPE 6. 부정 부사
못 Can’t/ Couldn’t 아파서 도서관에 못
It is used with action verbs, 갑니다 .
and means impossibility or I can’t go to library
strong denial and refusal. because I am sick.
안 Don’t/Didn’t/Won’t 그는 매일 숙제를
Expresses the negative and 안 합니다 .
means 'do not'. ' 안 ' is put He doesn’t do his
before the verb. homework every
day.
 SECTION II

Complete TOPIK
Vocabulary Beginner
Level
 1. Nouns

Korean Word English Meaning

가격 Price
가구 Furniture
가방 Bag
가을 Fall, Autumn
가족 Family
값 Price
강 River
거리 Distance
걱정 Anxiety; Worry
결혼식 Wedding ceremony
경주 Race
경험 Experience
계절 Season
계획 Plan
고민 Worry; Agony
고양이 Cat
고향 Hometown
곳 Place
공연 Performance
공원 Park
공책 Note book
공항 Airport
과일 Fruit
과자 Snacks
관심 Interest
교통사고 Traffic accident
구두 Dress shoes
구입 Purchase
그림 Picture
극장 Theater
근처 Near
글자 Letter
금년 This year
기간 Period
기본 Standard
김치 Kimchi
까만 색 Black
꽃 Flower
꽃집 Flower shop
나라 Country
나무 Tree
날 Day
날씨 Weather
남산 Namsan
내년 Next year
내용 Content
내일 Tomorrow
냉면 Cold noodles
냉장고 Refrigerator
년 Year
노래 Song
누나 Male's elder sister
눈물 Tear
느낌 Feeling
다음 Next
다음달 Next month
단어 Word
달 Month
댁 Home
도서관 Library
돈 Money
동대문 Dongdaemun
동생 Younger sibling
뒤 Back
드라마 Drama
등산 Hiking
등산화 Hiking shoes
라디오 Radio
러시아 Russia
맞은편 Across from
머리 Head
모습 Figure
모자 Hat
무게 Weight
문 Door
문구점 Stationary store
문제 Problem; Question; Issu
문화 Culture
물건 Thing
미국 The USA
밑 Bottom
바지 Pants
박물관 Museum
밖 Outside
반 ( 수업 ) Class
방 Room
방법 Method
방송국 Broadcasting station
배 Ship
배2 Pear
배우 Actor

백화점 Department store

버스 Bus
번호 Number
병원 Hospital
볼펜 Ball point pen
봄 Spring
부모 Parent
부모님 Parents
부분 Part
부탁 Request
분위기 Atmosphere
불고기 Bulgogi
비 Rain
비행기 Airplane
빵 Bread
사과 Apple
사람 Person
사무실 Office
사은품 Freebie; Bonus gift
사전 Dictionary
사진 Photo
산 Mountain
색 Color
색깔 Colors
생각 Thinking
생일 Birthday
생활 Life
서울 Seoul
서울역 Seoul Station
서점 Bookstore
선물 Present/Gift
선생님 Teacher
설명 Explanation
설악산 Seoraksan
성격 Character
소개 introduction
소식 News
손 Hand
손님 Customer
수업 Class
수첩 Pocket book
시간 Time
시계 Watch
시장 Market
시청 city hall
시험 Test
식당 Restaurant
식사 Meal
신문 Newspaper
신발 Shoes
아기 Baby
아래 Bottom
아버지 Father
아이스크림 Ice cream
아저씨 Sir
아주머니 Ma'am

아침 Morning
아침 2 Breakfast
아파트 Apartment
안 In
안경 Eye glasses
안내 Information
앞 In front of
야구 Baseball
약 Medicine
약국 Pharmacy
약속 Appointment
어머니 Mother
어제 Yesterday
얼굴 Face
옛날 Old
여자 Girl
여행 Trip
역사 History
연락 Contact
연필 Pencil
영수증 Receipt
영어 English
영화 Movie
옆 Beside
오래간만 After a long time
오랜만 After a long time
오른쪽 Right (direction)
오후 Afternoon
올해 This year
옷 Clothes
외국인 Foreigner
요리사 Chef
요즘 These days
우산 Umbrella
우유 Milk
운동 Exercise
웬일 What matter
위 Upper part
유학 Study abroad
은행 Bank
음료수 Drink
음식 Food
음악회 Concert
의미 Meaning
의자 Chair
이름 Name
이번 This time
이상 Strange
인터넷 Internet
일 Work
일본 Japan
일본어 Japanese
일요일 Sunday
자동차 Car
자리 Seat
자전거 Bicycle
작년 last year
잡지 Magazine
장소 Place
저녁 Evening
전자사전 Electronic dictionary
전화번호 Phone number
점심 Lunch
정리 Arrangement
제주도 Jeju Island
졸업 Graduate
주 Week
주말 Weekend
주소 Address
주인 Owner
준비 Prepare
중국 China
지갑 Wallet
지난주 Last week
지난해 Last year

지하철 Subway
집 House
찻값 A tea charge
창문 Window
책 Book
책상 Desk
청소 Clean
축구 Football (soccer)
취미 Hobby
취직 Getting a job
치마 Skirt
친구 Friend
침대 Bed
카메라 Camera
캐나다 Canada
커피 Coffee
컴퓨터 Computer
큰형 Male's oldest brother
테니스장 Tennis court
토요일 Saturday
통장 Bankbook
파란색 Blue
파티 Party
편지 Letter
평일 Weekday
포도 Grape
표 Ticket
품목 Goods
피아노 Piano
필요 Need
하숙집 Boarding house
학원 Academy
한국 Korea
한국말 Korean speech
한국어 Korean language
한복 Traditional Korean Clot
한식집 Korean restaurant
할머니 Grandmother
할아버지 Grandfather
할인 Discount
행사 Event
형 Male's older brother
호 Room number
호선 Subway line
회사 Company
회사원 Office worker
회의 Meeting
후 After
휴일 Holiday
희망 Hope
힘 Effort
 2. Counting Units

Korean Word English Meaning

개 general counter
권 Books
대 Machines
마리 Animal
명 People
번 Times (ex, 3 times)
병 Bottle
분 People
사람 People
살 Age
송이 Bunch (of fruit)
인분 A serving of food
잔 Glass
장 Paper
층 Floor
통 Package
 3. Verbs
Korean Word English Meaning
가다 Go
가져가다 Carry/Bring
가지고 가다 Go with something/ Car
something
갈아타다 Transfer (subway)
감기에 걸리다 Catch a cold
갔다 오다 Go and come, travel
갖다 Take
걱정하다 Worry
건너가다 Cross (a road)
걸리다 Catch
경험하다 Experience
계획을 세우다 Make a plan
계획하다 Plan
고르다 Choose
고장 나다 Get out of order (machi
구경하다 Watch
구하다 Rescue
그리다 Draw a picture
기다리다 Wait
기억을 하다 Remember
기억이 나다 Remember
길이 막히다 Road/traffic jam
깎다 Trim
꺼내다 Take out
끄다 Turn off
끊다 Cut
끝나다 End
끝내다 Finish
끼다 Put on
나가다 Go out
나오다 Come out
내다 ( 돈 ) Take out money
내리다 Drop
넣다 Pour
노래 부르다 Sing a song
노래하다 Sing
노력하다 Effort
놀다 Play
농구하다 Play basketball
눈물이 나다 Cry
다녀오다 Go back
다니다 Go back and forth
닫다 Close
대답하다 Answer
도착하다 Arrive
돈이 들다 To Cost
돌아오다 Return
되다 Become
드리다 Give (to older person)
드시다 Eat (to older person)
듣다 Listen
들다 Enter
들어가다 Enter
떠나다 Leave
마시다 Drink
마음에 들다 Like
마치다 Finish
만나다 Meet
만들다 Make
말씀 드리다 Speak to (older person)
말씀하시다 Speak
말하다 Speak
먹다 Eat
모르다 Do not know
모으다 Gather
모자라다 Insufficient
목욕하다 Take a bath
묻다 Question
물어보다 Ask

받다 Receive
밥을 먹다 Eat food
배우다 Learn
벗다 Take off
보내다 Send
보다 See
부르다 Full
부치다 Send mail
부탁하다 Request
빌려주다 Lend
빌리다 Borrow
빼다 Subtract
사고 Accident
나다 Be
사다 Buy
사용하다 Use
사진을 찍다 Take a photo
산책하다 Take a walk
살다 Live
서다 Stand
설거지하다 Wash
설명하다 Explain
소개하다 Introduce
수영하다 Swim
쉬다 Rest
시작되다 Begin
시작하다 Start
시키다 Order
식사하다 Have a meal
신다 Wear (shoes)
싫어하다 Dislike
쓰다 Write
쓰다 ( 모자 ) Wear (hat)
씻다 Wash (face)
앉다 Sit
알다 Know
알아듣다 Understand

어울리다 Match
여행하다 Travel
연락하다 Connect
연습하다 Practice
열이 나다 Have a fever
예약하다 Make a promise/appoin
오다 Come
오르다 Rise
올라오다 Come up, Climb
우산을 쓰다 Use an umbrella
운동하다 Exercise
운전하다 Drive
웃다 Laugh
이사 가다 Move to other place
이사하다 Move
이야기하다 Conversation
이용하다 Use
이해하다 Understand
일어나다 Wake
읽다 Read
잃다 Lose
잃어버리다 Lose
입다 Wear
잊다 Forget
잘되다 Be well
잘하다 Do well
잠이 오다 Feel sleepy
잡수시다 Eat
전하다 Transmit; Tell
전화 ( 를 ) 걸다 Call (telephone)
전화를 바꿔주다 Give the phone to some
전화를 받다 Receive a call
전화를 하다 Call
조심하다 Be careful
좋아하다 To like
주다 Give

주무시다 Sleep (only to older per

주문하다 Order
준비하다 Prepare
지나다 Pass
지내다 Spend; live
질문하다 Ask a question
짓다 Make
찾다 Search for
찾아가다 Visit
청소하다 Clean
초대하다 Invite
축구를 하다 Play football
출발하다 Depart
취직하다 Get a job
켜다 Turn on
콧물이 나다 Have a runny nose
타다 Ride
테니스 치다 Play tennis
틀리다 Incorrect
푹 자다 Have a good Sleep
피아노를 치다 Play piano
하다 Do
화나다 Get Angry
회의하다 Have a meeting
 4. Adjectives

Korean Word English Meaning

가볍다 Light
감사하다 Thanks
계시다 Be (to older people)
고맙다 Thanks
맑다 Clear
괜찮다 Ok
기분이 좋다 Feel happy, Mood is
good
길다 Long
깊다 Deep
깨끗하다 Clean
나쁘다 Bad
적다 Write down
낮다 Low
넓다 Wide
높다 High
다르다 Different
더럽다 Dirty
덥다 Hot
따뜻하다 Warm
많다 Many
맛없다 Tastes bad
맛있다 Tastes good
멋있다 Handsome/ Cool (a cool
person)
무섭다 Scary
미안하다 Sorry
반갑다 Glad
밝다 Bright
배가 고프다 Hungry
배가 부르다 Full(Stomach)
배고프다 Hungry
복잡하다 Crowded
부지런하다 Diligent
불편하다 Inconvenient
비슷하다 Similar
비싸다 Expensive
새롭다 New
쉽다 Easy
슬프다 Sad
싫다 Hate
싸다 Cheap
아름답다 Beautiful
아프다 Painful
어둡다 Dark
어리다 Young
없다 Not have
예쁘다 Pretty
위험하다 Dangerous
유명하다 Famous
이상하다 Strange
있다 Have
작다 Small
재미있다 Interesting/fun
적다 Less
조용하다 Quiet
좁다 Narrow
좋다 Like
죄송하다 Sorry
중요하다 Important
즐겁다 Joyful
짧다 Short
춥다 Cold
친절하다 Kind
크다 Big
키가 크다 Tall
편리하다 Convenient
편안하다 Comfortable
편하다 Easy
피곤하다 Tired
필요하다 Needed
한가하다 Free(time)
힘들다 Difficult
 5. Adverbs

Korean Word English Meaning

가까이 Near
가끔 Sometimes
가장 Most
갑자기 Suddenly
같이 Like
거의 Almost
계속 Continuously
곧 Soon
그냥 Just
금방 Soon
꼭 Exactly
나중에 Later
날마다 ( 날 + 마 Everyday
다 )= 매일
너무 Too
늦게 Late
다 All
더 More
따로 Separately
또 And
똑바로 Straight
마침내 At last
많이 A lot of
매우 Very
매일 Daily
먼저 Ahead
모두 All
못 nail; cannot
미리 In advance
바로 Straight; Right
방금 Right now
벌써 Already
별로 Very
보통 Normally
빨리 Quickly
새로 New
서로 Each other
아까 Some time ago
아마 Perhaps
아주 Very
아직 Yet
어서 Quick
안 Not
언제나 Always
열심히 Hard
오래 Long
오래간만에 In a long time
오랜만에 For a long time
요즘 These days
이따가 Later
이제 Now
일찍 Early
자주 Often
잘 Well
잠깐 Wait
잠시 Moment
전혀 Not at all
정말 Really
제일 Best
조금 A little
조용히 Quietly
좀 Some
지금 Now
직접 Directly
참 Really
처음 First
천천히 Slowly
크게 Largely
특별히 Particularly
특히 Especially
푹 Well
함께 Together

항상 Always
혼자 Alone
혼자서 Alone
 6. Conjunctions

Korean Word Explanation

그래서 So, Therefore
그러나 But
그러니까 That’s why
그러면 If it is so, In that case
그럼 Then
그런데 But
그리고 And
 7. Question Words

Korean Word English Meaning

누구 Who
무엇 What
뭐 What
어디 Where
어떻게 How
언제 When
얼마나 How much
왜 Why
어느 Which
몇 How many
무슨 What
 8. Numbers

Korean Word English Meaning

세
십삼
십이
아홉
여섯
열두
열셋
한
스물 / 스무

9. Pronouns

Korean Word English Meaning

거기 There
그 the
그것 / 그거 It
아무 곳 Wherever
여기 Here
여러분 Everyone
우리 Our
이 This
이것 / 이거 This
저 That
저것 / 저거 That
저기 There
저희 We

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 1. Grammar & Vocabulary Study
Tips

- M ake your own Grammar and Vocabulary list. Write the

grammar patterns and vocabulary that you don’t know. M ake
this notebook your bedtime book for at least 1 week before the
test. M ake sure to have a look at the list every day.

- Don’t just write the grammar patterns, words and their

explanation. Write an example sentence in front of every entry.
Take the help of Naver dictionary and other sites to find
example sentences. You can also write one simple sentence that
describes that word or grammar in your mother tongue.

- Write similar grammar patterns together. Ex: 기 때문에 -

This grammar pattern is used to describe reason (Similar
patterns - 아서 / 어서 , - 니까 )

- Similarly make a Synonyms & Antonyms list for words.

- Some words often come together. Write them as a single

phrase instead of writing as two separate words. (Ex: 미소를
짓다 , 장갑을 끼다 )
- M emorize counting units for different objects.

- M ake a list of Irregular words and understand how they

change with various grammar patterns. ( 춥다 – 추워요 , 듣다
– 들어요 )

- M emorize specific honorific words like 드리다 , 주무시

다 , 드시다 , 연세 , 성함 etc.

- For Intermediate-Advanced levels, you will also need to

memorize common proverbs, idiomatic expression,
onomatopoeia etc.
 2. How to Improve your Korean
Vocabulary

In the previous chapter we discussed why vocabulary is of

crucial importance for learning Korean as well as for getting success
in Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK). In this chapter, we will
learn some great methods to improve our Korean Vocabulary.

1. Make Word Lists

Word lists and Flash cards are most widely used Vocabulary
learning methods. Either make a two column table with Korean
words in one column and their meanings in the other (you can also
add more columns like example sentence etc.) or make flash cards
with Korean words on one side and their meanings on the other.
Review these words regularly (at least once a week) and mark the
words that you still haven’t learned completely. While reviewing
give special attention to these marked (difficult) words. With time
these difficult words will also go to your permanent memory and
then you can unmark them. Even if you think you have completely
learned a list it’s better to review it once in a while. M ake a
separate list of difficult words you often forget and review it more
frequently. You can also consider making your own personal
dictionary. I am not kidding.

Look up Dictionary

Always keep a dictionary handy and look up for words you

don’t know. Try to get rid of the habit of finding an alternative way
of expressing yourself when you don’t know (or can’t recall) the
appropriate word. Looking up dictionary may be a boring task but
it really helps in long term. I prefer online dictionaries
of Naver and Daum over paper and electronic dictionaries as these
online dictionaries give you much more information. Looking up
dictionary is even better than asking a teacher or a Korean because
when you see dictionary you don’t learn only one word but several
related word and phrases.

2. Learn Words in Context

Words are rarely used alone. They are used in a context and
with other words, phrases and grammar patterns. Just knowing the
meaning of a word is not enough; you need to know ‘who’,
‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ of the word. Otherwise there are good
chances that you will make a blunder some time. There are words
that are used with particular people, at particular time and
situations and in a particular way. Using any of these aspects of
the word in a wrong way may create an embarrassing situation for
you. So when you learn words try to get as much information as
you can about the context in which it’s used.

3. Learn related words

When you learn a word, try to write/learn other words/phrases

that are frequently used with it. For example, If you look up
dictionary for the word ‘ 훨씬 ’ you will find the meaning as
‘(very) much, far, a lot’. But you can’t use ‘ 훨씬 ’ for every ‘far’,
‘much’, or ‘a lot’. if you read example entries you will find that
this word is most frequently used with ‘ 보다 ’, ‘ 더 ’ and
adjectives to show comparisons. Also learn various possible forms
of a word. For example – 예쁘다 – 예쁩니다 , 예뻐요 , 예쁘죠
etc. This type of additional information will help you learn the
appropriate use of the words.
4. Make Associations

M ake associations and connections between the new words

you learn and words/things you already know. For example, some
word may sound like something different/funny/interesting in your
mother tongue. Or, some words mind remind you of something.
Funny and weird associations are OK. In fact, they are better. You
can also use M nemonic (a memory trick used to remember things)
to improve your vocabulary retention. Connect words with images,
people or events around you, convert them into rhymes/poems etc.

5. Review and Practice

We need frequent exposure to a word, either by listening,

speaking, reading or writing, to learn it permanently. Research says
words need 20-30 repetitions/reviews to move to our permanent
memory. Use the new words you learn as much as you can even if
you are doubtful about its correct use. Just play with the words;
use them in different combinations. Take risks. M istakes and
blunders are okay; they make us learn things. And in fact the funny
mistakes are the most interesting thing about learning a foreign
language. Aren’t they?
6. Mix Words with your Mother Tongue

Using the foreign language words in sentences in one’s mother

tongue can also be a good technique to learn and practice words;
and it’sfun. For example you learned the word ‘ 예쁘다
(Beautiful)’. You can practice it with sentences like ‘These Flowers
are really 예쁘다 ’. It might sound weird but believe me it can help
you memorize some really difficult words.

7. Read Extensively

Reading widely is the BEST way to enhance vocabulary in any

language. Reading exposes us to a wide range of vocabulary in
various contexts. The important thing here, is to select a reading
material that interests you and suits your level otherwise you will
give up very soon. No one likes to look up dictionary 10 times to
understand a single sentence. There are plenty of reading material –
newspapers, comics, stories, blogs - available in Korean language
on internet. Read what you like to read the most and note down
the new and interesting words and phrases you come across. It’s
also a good method to read the English (or your mother tongue)
version of a big news first and then read the Korean version. Now
you already know the news story, you just have to focus on the
language they use to convey it.

8. DEVELOP YOUR OWN VOCABULARY LEARNING

METHOD

***********************************
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