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6 Chapter 1 qCol=
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=g =E
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*ol4"F qlqq. d{l +tlg '+d, *H, %F"J, 9ol, ol# F4 ?"1 3zl 6l
LIE +^11= zlzla- ololzl6lr 9l+u14. "]fl +zll$ slelolfl +4lzl
= =el
9lg ql +4l= += eHg +
"J +^llE €zll *olg + 9l+qq. €^
4 += 4l ++.jtrt.
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N rfB +^1le 7|.zi g"Jg z1g l=d^l9.

=e.l
ztzr +zti dj,t3z1"J z1"1Ez{t +F"+ +J^J+ *pr/el
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@ rC+Hg tsl+l 73 olulzl
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=€4oJ.7lboll ="JLltf.
GED
e

03 9l7l
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iflzlzl =el EEg olollp f llbxl +€6171 +l+
?^-l 5lql6l7l' +zllb
4"Jq+. "J+Cg +14 gs+ Etlg dzil = +ql^-l qqq -JqoF
€4E *==44"J+41 +€"Jq], (Ezl)9 +4-ol Eq4:lql Tttl "J"+e 49 ls
EzllTt €zllg4, {ES q+B €EEeE "lF{rq 9l+rJtrl. ?^J +al6t
=
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rl4. (Ezl)ql +Hol+ s€ol .I+g vlqt6l= rll *d"l g + gles
^l+€
E +zlxl 'Jr ++6t41 €qEE+ -Jqq. (Ezl)9 48"1 + qqlq9eH
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^l++q =E
Fl +6F"1 zl€^H4l €Aqr glbzl e Aqzt4 9s+ Elqq. +Aql *Yl
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Hq+.
N cl= (e.z;;"1 7l.6r g"lg ag l=!,\19.
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4, "lrlotzt g;HE ,t.JE"1 rt +s il'l+ Tf zlolcf.

eo

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=
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9 9"1 z.lol= €+61 gL ^l€-51=
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ll
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l=lt I
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(E0l) E .:-l-l lrl

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vt-l
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trFtrrl6f+/F=6ftl
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Lvl-l LA -l

52 Chapter 1 qColE
 zld +q= "JElq4. *ol €+l zlz1o1
+elq= fl Egzl + 7l^l ol1lg i$
e.e q+4 +41 +q= al6lH E+ol € 4Eq+. "t4= "Jr glqot g
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qgqEqq. +"J+ +Eq= qlE4 'J-dB^]trt.

c E.ol^l ?JE= ,J+7lLf Etl. ^ltrJo17f

ts= Tfalrl.
L|l

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@ atrJ q+. Tfal qeE gf EJtrf.
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71+a
71+tr| @ "JoEq Eo+. e= al^lHl= z+l^l LH^f.
G) golLHTJLl ol+trf. olH E=Joloil^l €at= zFgtrf.
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68 Chapter 1 -"iColE
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Chaoter 1 -"iColE
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Tlol
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74 Chapter 1 -4ColE
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556i41 ^ Ml-Ll- l..l
-
+u+^] qaiol tf E= rH+ E=61-zl HEaJr. EJ+01 ?,1= La= LfEfLH= trJ
trc= ^f= + El.= "J= tfEdfzl Eg= LfEfLH
vto/\to
L__ tr
l_
=-Jtr"JdfH ^lFe=
-9f9r
== Ele== Eg= LfEfLH= trJ

=,J01 ^llr ^lfl^aJzl

glrrflf 37ll Eg4= Eg= LIEILH= trJ
"JtF.lLf
=01
0l4o_+ Eg= LfEfLH= trJ
==el=
^lr+_oe
9,Atg^l
E E z= q3 Fol GlzHrf E^.1= Es= LIE|LHE trJ
O AUT
6doo A
E+Oll 'J^lzl rf+ E=== Eg= LfEl-LH= trJ

ot+ ot+
-t -t
qJ^401 5=^l #q ?t= ^fE6f=
E$= LfEfLH= DJ
ot4014 Eg= LfEl-LH= trJ
=-1. =.^-
^l-+ ^HHgal =ttrdl=

04 q+l .EE
 4 zlzl tFAq^JE trt"J+ r}*ol L7l %q EE E-= €qq^JE +zlls +
cdI

g aEqq. q.J+ *Aq^J zl+ ^l+61= qfl= cnlql+H, 9€ Ezllzl 4

I q+E +Aql "J*e qfl= Foll Ezll€ drll € + 9l+q4. "l4b "Jr 9l
of g +^g qq"Jqq.
o1I

?7+ dEl
?e|. t]A, TIEI 89I,8=Jfl E=, +AI {!EI ?JLl|,9= gJLH, OIE gJLt|
7l"J6ttrf, zHSolcl, €^l6ltrl, €^l6hEl, 6|l^l6ltrf
rr-I dlEloll Eol6ftrl, E"JE "J6ltrl, /.IE €E= E"l6ltrl, $'Jflal I'J6ltrl, $-Jflal-^1tr
E6l.= fl6ltl, tlrllE= 9iLt|6ltrl, E+ 7l=:d E+^1, fl6ttr|., rltr U'=6|.tr1
^}|gE=

g:d ElEl'J, +LHd, 4r1ld, T|L|1 3^1, E+ 1lT, g,ttlE, qfl, qg +4, eJ+,
g ^llaJ, =
=J6+, =J63, trlE, -d=fl
^lz, 0l+6ftr|.,
E4fEltrl, 4t+6frl
Hl-.J71 E= qlqtdftl, /.l^l7l Lltt, oJdg=g oflcf, rfA= Hf+tl, E= *tl, €l71- +oll
s.fl ofrt
r-l

E^JtJ
pc!/4+E1€, e.r.1 Z^4, E,\IaJ ,^.l,,.l, EillE, gaJd, olE ^lEd,
xlxl, 8-H!,
B^l -+8= ^lz,
+rll, rq+ol, d+71a,
^."=, =irJ^f,
El|=6ltl, E^ll9tr|, IJ.l6lEl'
+fl r|1=ol E7l-561-trf, o4E z4af+, ^4= 44= gal+, 4= *trl
=a1++/HJ'Jdltl,

ol+c
B^l E=qal, E"Jqal, E|]qal, qal ggF, ElE/.f, Sqal,,tg*olEl, zE Elal, -"llol^Elg
Ealol6htrl, E_=ap1, lllEJ6ltrl-, g^461-tr|-, 0lg6ltr-|-, il.ltr1'6|.tr|-

dEoltrl,
EalolTl-=.^lE.^aJEf q4= A+, qal= 7l=tr1, Dlal= ?Jtrl, q4=
Dlal= "Jal+, qalTl .so-ftl,
LHalEl. olal= LJTlr:l, qal= +=tr1-l+E6ltrf, q4= gtrl-, qal= Etrl, qal= Dl

4= qalq EJ= +tr|, gqal= L|1al+, e4,^.17t-E Hl=trl, s4l "!tr|.,

^f-=trf. ^le+

^JIEJ6'
TtH^alAl =alolEalLJE ":lcl, H7l *Ll/trJ7|tr|, gf
nfl ^l?l^|trl, =
^Jl+Eltrl,
€01 *3 ?J6ftrt =trt,lllEJEE
== ^1',7161trf, =01=trL
 6J+q:,e_li
^lEl

= 5-
OL:
l
7V' e=, 71E, AlofE., ZlqFll, r^lg,
+alHl, E=+Ej, tl1E, trl'J, ullalrf, Fo
=^1, oftrfE, =U,
?JU, etrl^'J, q€,
+! 47t|4, +9, 87t, +E41, +l=, E,!1,
B^l ^Hd=+=, ==,
?le.E, ol^f=, 4te'J, c=, d7l t=, d.(1, €fl, +Ei7l,
^HE,
E+,
E:f 0l^[ ^f+lu,
6|fE, -dg, -cf+, -'JzJ, Et$€ =7|]++8, =7H"J,

5^l 0l^f6ltf
Et^t 7l|J+6frf, of=6frf, of.J6lrt
AIE 7l?Jol ELltf, E7l7l rSol -f aldltl/Etrdftf, zEEol UHJoI
E Elrf, rf 'f+q^1 ?lrl-, =+,
HJol E+rllclErf, HJol Hltl, HJol trJdftrf, =EflLfHHtf,
-E=== LHtl,
}!tf, /.l€01 ?l^l7l d"Jol +E z;J^lzf gat|Eltrf, ^H-tr
Efl =tl, d +Eol
qoll^l TluLl/gtr1, =tl,
=tl,486frf/^lnaJ+, =tf, d^ll=^l94+, dE^ldfE
E^ll= LHtrl,
^13 er;,
d= g7ltrf, E= SEJdttrf/Efaldfrf, Eol :+rl, Ed6l EalEtf, =e{"!01 E 6faft
=tf,
0l Eal il+
:al del
B^l
r.^lEf. trJ7f^lrf. +al6frf, +cdftrf, Ezdftrf
=^t
EE r.€f Lfrf. +Ee +al6l| +rf, +E= r^1l6frf, EZ= HJrl

oF+
-t --l . dgl
o i:
7l+"1, ZE,tl-, ,J7l+, IE, +E, TlaJ^lE, U^lE, LH!f, FEalTl, FE, Etrl
qF, EE, EE$, =Eg,
+4rE, EE=, HlEf"J, t+"Jrf, AfHlqF, €:delrf, 40|.
E^l al,^af^ll, +E^ll, =E, oJrl, ?JqF, oJalleTl, qt EE^|, qE=,
^=qF, E?,
"JqF,
elat, ?lg, ol^|., ^l==,
olHloJ+rf, atg, duIf, €calrl, +^|., ^lHJd, TI.B!, ^lal, ^lE:,
=d/=^ll,
EFE, 4+rf, -del?, 6l|g^11, eJ^f

zE6frf, ,JgEltrf, af^l6ftl, t[^ltf, tll0ltf, E^l-tf, +al^|trf, +qaetf. =tf. HHlEf.
5^t €^hdftrf, +=6ftr|-, "Jfl6ftl, tr+oftl, ++Etrl, tl=loltrf, ill6ltl, ^l-+HJtf, ^l-E6ftf,
-E6ltf, trlfloftl
==Zalq.
TfaJ+. tl+=6ftrf, ttffitf, rt|+Zal+, 0lELf,
et^t ^lE71alq
?J7loll rf-+e. /"^al^lrl, 7l?/dolg.trf, 7lE= afcf, fl,t 5 6lE.l, Lll€01 87ltf,
=al+,
eal+, bol rqa+, tsol EZjZI 5C Eltf, +=01 d6ftf, qalTf '36ftl, +01 +l
=Eoll
rf, Eol +^lrf, goll Edol 87lrf, Ht|=01 Lltrf, Eflql lal 7ftf, Eol Lltf, Eol Litf,
Eol sl+Elrf, +At€:ol 87lrf, EE=oll ,Jal+, EEH= rJtrf, af^l= -A=6ltf,4af7l
oJ

EE Eltrl, +ol ualrf, +ol EaJTlal+, += Blltrf, ,,l.l+01 Lluul^ltf, q+, oJ^401
^ld/^l+oll
9J qF= Hf=tf, qF= Eol g g=oll ?l7f Lftl, sl^all0l(X-ray)=
=tf, =E6ltf, =tf, oJtrf, +^f=
€E6lrf, Eol Lfrf, "Jtl= 6frf, "J grol --Jtf, ^H^ll7l7l Lltf,
+tr|-, tlE= Etf, trE= 6l-tf, ilHJd= gtf,
=-stzc=
87ltf, anlTl Lftf, Lfe
rf. EE =^l7l
trf,\/H.!E/HJ!:Z= E0ltl, trl7f Lftf
=Eol
=rl,

04 ot+t .EH 79
+ill+
-Jilh, "J= ^IAJ, Hl|E, ELH= /.|-aJ, trL5 +tr, 4 .t1u;',", e4

E^t =^1I =E(EMS), =7J, ^lE,

Hl|. E8,
+tr, e=tr1
=E
77ll^lrl. -E4t6lrh, +^ltl-, ilh+Eltl
E^t
4.E= -H.LHrf, E,\I= ,\ltrf, +EIHE= l tf, ?E= Eolrf, +E= ,\fth, +4= 4tf, tr
E.-.J
ELHtf
^l=

+€E -H-+^
E^t rrat ,\l'-] H^.l=
^1Ft
7lq++, +th, '5ol..al+, E!6ftf, Hufccaltt, uul^ltf, +=6ltl, gJolqal+, Gtf,
E^t =rl-,
Llg.tf, Fr LHal+, c-1,r.15 l rl, tlE= ejoJoftt, E+ 7fts-d E+il,
^l'J=
G
Efl =:-r.
Ef 4.ld HJPoltl

o 6ll
LO

zl4Ha, +8, {jETlE, el+"J E+=, fl6f, ^lE7l=, ^1la7l=,71=

B^l =e4, =al, ^1+, aJE
gE dg^1, "JE C8^1, tr= ^lHl^ 7l=, -d=, E=^lEoJ=7\,
=er 6|]^l6ftl, ad6ltf
E^t ,\lB6frf, +=dltf, "J=61-trf,
^t|HJE6ltf, ^l+6ftl,
'|-J+6ltf, tH== gtf, EBE lrltl-, == HLHE'|, E= A+,
Hl
Zl4fol^11= 6f+,
=4=E HJtrl, dE== LHtl, +l8ll= 1 trf, E
Efl "J Es= +Btrf, Hl"J fla= qq4alrh, +=E
LHtf. oJElLjl 'Je= +186ltf, TJq= 5al6El, 7l==
trJ=tl, EA= trJ=trf
^lle=

E^t ,_!!, HJHJ, +HJHI, +4, q=d^l +E

E^t
fl=== EJ)
l+ / ElJ6f trl, H l'\= ++6frl-, u g^l= !7lLl, HJ= Hf+trf, 'JE qlE
E-d 6ttrf. g^l= =^1
gJol*lal+, EII= +tl, EE dE eBlE LHalEf, EE "J7ltf, 6
=cl+trf,
'Joll
=trf

Chapter 1 -"-ICol=
 q 4 zlzl +xllE El"J*
^J€r"l L7l %q
elE s_E €qq^JE +4lE +g 4
rl q+. q"J+ +zllHE zp
ol q+l= €E6ll+H, qH +^ll7l Lleq
^l+61=
+E +^]q g"*e q+l= FaI EzilE dzl E + 9+q4. ol4= g-a gl90F
+ +4lH qqE']tr}.

r\€\, +e\+l\, BoJ, toJB

E^t 'Jr1\E6lrf, qalEbtlf, EJL|, HeH6tq, €aJ6trf, €71r161L1, €Eal+, tra\6lll,
aJTvlTlLl ^\+Lf,
eE^t
^lrlEdftf .J+=
+4+4 846ftr|-, E^l= HJtf, Hf+E fl^l+E €rl. HJrjTlel=
=tl, ==
=tf, €el6lrf,
/.ltf, E7l= EFrl, EaH= THLI/LJLI, ll=J= .' all7l= LHrf tsrf, t allTl= Eal
gE dltf, qaloldoll 0f0l= !7lLl, F= +ll0Hrf, F= -_lz Rol +71^lrf,
a4= 80Ja;r1, 0l=g ^ll+710il
gE _+r1, I+= ,JLt, ELTI= =alrf,
"Jrf/Eal+, -.FJE
9^l-rrL
E e:-1
=rfl'Jrl,

E^l aE4, rfg

#5dlrl, ,J,\f6lrf, 'JEJa;r;, 4€6frf, 4a1dEf, lltrJdfrl, ral?lo-lrf, TlrHdfrf, TlHbl6lrf,
ABq+/dltf, Eaf+, .gal+, H_t€dftl, €all+, €trJofrf,
E^l uf+tfltlFtf, 9aga;r1, qdf+,=ol^1trf,slddftl, ol6Hdfrf,
^l-rf6ftrf,
adaEf, =trJo=lrf, +"|.-lrf,
=tf,
Er-tf, F=Zel+, ef=0l6ftf, elot|dfrl, -d=q6f+=e6f+,
=Z?]"-ftrf, =EElrl. EJeJ6frl,
7ffi.tf, A,J6lLl, r"Jrf, zlErl, ral+, 7laa7y, .J=Ja;r;, +drf, Elgfdfrf,
E+, +naJ+, EAr-o-ftf, Egfdfrf, iFFa;r;, HHI^lrf, ,\faJ.^aJ+, ,\l3dlrf, dda;r;, a
EE^I Eg.rl, +af6lrl, a"J^aJ+, ol,!Ll, offlrl, oJl^aJ+, oJEl,ILl, g"Jrl, g.J^
aJ+, elEtl, +E6ltf,=strf,ol7l^tsdlrf, rl+idltrf, 5r6.lrf,
g+df rl, EJEJdlrf , +q.\ aJ rl, +q o-lrf^laJ-^aJrf, =ALl,8trl6lrf,
7lE0l Llrf,"JE E-d-g + g.rl, 014= l1+,EaJ= LalLl, +=J= L-ul
tl, =tf,?Jtf, =Eol
d+lrJ= rDlLl,^al= .^EaJl^= grfi=rf, |!eE ,urf, olg
=UOl
0l g7ltf, 7lfltrJ $4dltf, ^l=rf,
rltltrl, ?/tr|, fi.trf, trU= xf
^l+d=
el+, nf== L|Jtrl, nl=01 Lftrf, -=-f, Erl, E€= ^fd}ol
^l7l
I!trf,
^fUol
-d+= +l+, afTf Lf
tf, 6l= Lfltrl, +al= 6frf =01 =rl,
 r.cg, bl=g, EEE, .JhE, trJ€ trItr, EeE, EHl, Hlu, HJc, dE, deB,
46EaJ,=g,+ &aJ, +E+4, ^16=, gall=7|, g===, gt, gE, ggE, ?E=, ?ltl al
trt/+=, +dE, r|1^.|, xlnH, xltr, EJ+6f8, trl+B, 6
EgE, =e1l^Eil=,
^ftr1|=, ^loJ,

ale6f+, al^l6ftl-, 71361-tl, d+l6ttrl, Atrf,l.l7lEl, qlU6ltt, dg,\l7ltt, tr^l6ltt, +^l

Et 6htl,
:er+6ltt

+=61-tl,
=E6ftl7J?Joll l?3 E 71=ol g*Ll, 7J?Joll dHEtrl/olEtrl, 7J7J= EI-I. EHolLl
7f+ol .J-J6l-trf,
Ll,4?J= 6fl^ltl, +44oJ 6l-tl, 'zJaf,l.l7ltrl, =qE =ol+tr|-,
-tal= HJ^l
^llt= =+=
6|-tr|-, rlTf "J=6lrl, qalTf E86htrl-, Eq= aaf^lTltrf, +al-d trlololE, EE
gJtrl, UC
goTlrl. .gcl^lrf, fi71tr1., +E0ll g-d= trl^ltrl, +rJE €=Ef6ltrf,
=
tldl7l g=6|-trf,^|-r.+ol ^llE=
Ctr{l 71ts= e+oEt, e+Eoll g=01 al=71a1+, ollLl^l= trJ
Efl gsol +l= HE6ftl, ==Eltt,?E€E 7l=Ll, eJaf,tlTltrh, EE
=tr|,+trt, d=+=
:dfdl^l7ltrl,
='JEltrt/E+6htt, d=+ol I|14 ?l+el =88 illalE eal.
= ^16lEltt, ^l+zJl^lg=J,ulEE
6ttl-/+^l6ltrt, flle= '5ol"al+, illgol gatTtEt, ql=aJ= =cl+
=71^l7ltrl,
rt, Eg=.sol..alcl, ce4 +sJ 80ll, E"-4 +eJE Etl, Es4 ++01 EEltrl, g'4 +eJ=
7H,S6ltl. g'4el 6=01 fl=Jdltl'

A7l +"J4,3^il ?171, ?3^ll 3^ll, z^llzJ, a+717i^1, rE ?17l|, ahHJTl,

^lE, +^.1 /.lAf, F^|-, 6lHJ7l =EAI,
A=, +E tI-,
^8, ^HEll=.,
^Hl,E+oltrf,'5€f6l-tf, Iltrloltl,
E^l A^1ldl-tf
=56ttl,
z3zl7l gd6ltt/?l+Eltf, zJ^1lzl -A7l= ttltt, Z lllTl al+Eltf, Z^1lzJ -
zJxllzl
?J
=tf,
ol s.rf, ed= gal+, e^ll4 7t^l= "J=tl, e^ll4 += +el+, 4^ll4 0lq0l g86h
+, 4Bl ,s=J, 6f+61-tf, =JE7J +al6t1l F^l6ftl, +q E
=ztrqF6l= =al7f ^l+6ftr|-,
€= +trf, E7l- Aleq +fl?.], =7171846|-+/6|-+6lr:l, E7l7l ?J€^ll= -E0ltf, E7l7l
9=tr1-, +eE +lrf, ESol gttl, +E7f Lltf, ',gaJHl ^l= LHq, ,\ltrJ 3^ll7f
Efl =7171=
El€olLltl. CTI= Et|Eoll -cl+6ltl, 4Hl7f =JdalEltrf, +€9 +e,171 9ltl, +gzf ^l=
zJal6ltl, += +Tl= 1itr|, += ol=E7l +tf, 7|1U6ttl, +lE7lE t|]== Ll]
= ^l8E
+, goeol 341 d"J, E"Jzh^l olol^ltl, +l7l= trJtl/=+6ltt, +rl7l E=dttt/E+61-
trl-, 6|.tr1, +7171 +=i6ttrl/++6ftt, +4 H50l 871tr1-, 3^ll
^1|^lal=gg ^l80ll ^lq
6IHJTlollE 4l+Eltl., fl8E +^l6ltrl,
+=E ?++trl, F^l-= 6l+^1le
=4+, =ol^1tr|,
agTllEaJT l= "frl-, af4l7l^l7f 8e-.Ef/'gcl^ltrl-, trJEol 8+6ftl-

Chaoter 1 -"lColE
4tdj . dl*
Tfilal, E=, ZlEl, ql€, oJgzJ, 4fdAg
=8, ^H6t|
l+o-ltf, Ef=q+, €=6ftf/!trt|6ftf, ldditf, ETl6ftf
5^l
=C6ftrl, =86ltl,
EE^I
THoJsl -"J+=
++6ftl, Zl=l= ZlElol ?lrf, +44o-+ 7lLH7l ftl, E=
0l+Lf, -r+= 7l=0ltf, 5al= ^ll+rf,
g+l6ltrf, ^l7ltf,
Efl
HJE,I.I +E= 0l+tf, +floll
.JEElrf, zlEl= €geE B7lrl, =E= =€6ftf,
oJ8sl 8714?.! ?_l== 7f^lrf, E+
^ll+ ^ll+rf,
+aJ6Ef, dd= tloftf, g=-zr 7ftr= +al+
=E,
=
tt 't^lol
?J=, ?JE4, 7HE, r_44, AEA|, B6f, rJ'_4, +8, Dlltr^, gE gaf, +^le, H_JaJq, HJ
d, HH+, EPl7l, =E
o|1Llqlolc, e4c gaf, oFel+rH, E7l, Eql"J, E+q, gal
^l^lal, ^l€^1,
zJ, gEf^1|, g.qlaf, e84, gHJ4, 98fl, d^lal, 48, rtA, +?.!=, EIHA,
E^f, irltl gef, =-BF ^l€, BE, agqg1.3 =
=^'lE8, =E
E^l 4"JEtrl, ,JA6ttf, zJaJdltrf, +edt+, Ug6ftf, Sgdftf, EEa;r;, eJEa;r1
eE^t 0lltr6ltf,
^HElgttf, ^l+6ltf, =rltlTloftrl
7lA/E=/113= Eal+, ?JE= HJrl, zJr_4= E?6frl, +€01 zlgz;
LJ^lrf, .g.q6Ef, ^l"J6frf/EJEJaltl,
0l LHEoI + g.rt, rH6el +l-Bt0ll "+rf, ++
Hl|qE ==g=
eJH6fzl ^F6frf,
4af6frl. H= =E,g trlol| +rf, c=l#o_+ E.= HtiE6|
Efl =
rl, ^lrf/HJrf, EJg= Erf, ^HEl=
oJ€HJrf, 4=01 Erf, lrJ Llrf, €al= HIEJ
^llzl ^l80ll/(l ^llzl4o_+.
o-+ dltf, of+ltol 'Jtf, gfloltl-, E7l+01 +lGlLltl, 9E= .J6ftf, ?.!71= ?.!71
e+, atEdol flq++, 6fE-= q= + g.rf, =tl,
grf, E= ql
=.Fjol
rHdftf, --Jd= E4+01 tr+, AE/+"== Etf == ^lEf, =^l==
^l=tf,
4.J"t gt
r.ill, rf-+ traf, Tlzl 39, :3=tr,
u lx1l, rl^l= E=, DfE+, gc^, tl
geal€, =EEol,
*=, =8,
d, +l+, +4, €i61, "-48f, cl=tr, ollLl^|, BA, ?€/E
o-4r11,
E^t ^l7l€f4,
d, ?+c, ++qg AF=, ++qg, flal, flc+, +g+01, +cE, +d^f, -o=, 3r,
ol{JnlEJA, d+++, EaJ, -Bt= ++=, dt|g 8E, trlel4, El714
=+, =d,
7lltg6ftrf, TlHJdlrl, 7lq6f+, LHrfHrf, "JZa1r;, "JEdfrf, 0lZa;r;, +5qrf, 0lHf^ldf
tf. EJ86ftf. EJ+dftl. EJ/.l6ftf. -dlelEltf
+l+71 +=Eltt, TltH= Eo-tr ?]tl-, LJA= 4+, -J€6f7loll 0l=tf ,l=tp +tll$tl,
EE +tr17f acllqLl, AJel tr= -Bt86ftf, Etf. drfal= ?a1= --r
r ^llEe ^l"J= ^1186ltf,
?l+, ++d= HJ^l6ftl., +a1l= +olE + g.tl, Tj7l= Dlaloltf

04 Gt+t .EE 83
_il_+

E^l zlg ,J8. g^|l -83, 471 +-+. +g4 -il.q, ^llE, eJttt, -++ ^15f, -+g+el
g_rqg tr= Eollf, IEol ++6ftf, rE EJZoI Eq6f+, r.3g0l E+, r€iol eloJ
efEltf, ?J?+= 7l?Ll, "J+tf, 5E4 trtq= ?=af+, tfgF€= ==i6f
=^114 =+01= L89 zlal,,rhlSHl= =0ltf, *EE L
rf,571= +g6lrf, r+=aJ= EJ6frf,
Efl a16ftf, +a1= gtrf, ?l^l|= HHgioltf, oJ4= 4Eaf+, "J= gE= 6ftl, g/.l +l+el r
=EE-d
q -.1d, +E4 €-BFol 'scl^lrf,4€rf 4€= €alq-, ^lLfTl ^frq E^ll,8el+
^l7l
$ zl=r1, flEg=4olq

_n_€'

UEI r.+sl^ EjEl'J, r+trl^, E.J,, a-E7l.E-, 7lilq, LHal= E, !.d-E, tf8 €
=^1,
€+8, /.lr-fl*l'r', /.191*l'" ElEl'J, '\l9lul'", |!A=, q'-4d Elnl'J, q+?'
eJ
+€|, sl^
E^t Ef= E,
+. EEE-"1=, gHJEg, ^ld|.trq, ^lg,
+.E.ed,
=gq, =q= ^lZ,
trltr +rltrf el+q =aFq,

E^l ol=6ftl, 4TJalr;, +E6ftrf, gAdl+

'zJofEltf. -E4r-6ftl, =g6ltf,
eE^f +d-.frf,
=Hlrf, =Et6ftf
r.+Eei+E/sl^CE^fCeE 7f+, r.5ol Eal6ltf/Etrloftl, IEiTlE= =E6ltf, Z
ol Edltl-, =J"J7loll 7lE= t|1tf, HJIH oJ-BFee 7f= ^l€ Eltf, ll^l 7ftrf, +Et01= trttl,
Efl gof,tl 7f+, q= E6ltf, Ell. 7ftf, +,rl= Et+, $14= -d
^lLl^lrf, ^l7l =^ltf, =g
-t TtLt
floil
=zJ^1r1,

_il.oJ . dJE

E^l Ull=
=aJE,
E^t r.€iLftf, I.EJdltrf, oJTf^ltf, Hl+tf, HJ=dltf, EC6ftf, trl+Eltf, sJEdftf
r.eJ.sJEol 7l-56ftf, trl^f"J/^4d0ll EUol ?ltf, alg= +ll+6ftrf, HIL-Eo| Ef=Eltf,
ECQE g!-d eJE, +al l\lHl,\= HJtf, g=ol gttl-, g+== E€dftf, Fol TtlLllaJ
rzf

Efl aJdft|, +=71-dol Ar6ltf, olEEol ?,ttf, 4t$0l ?.t Eltl, Egol Z
^lLltl, =^lol
zflEiofrf, /lfE6htf, EAF==cl E€01 '$Gl^ltf, +tt| d6fol
?Jtl,
^l^l 44Tf^ll==
7)t|l+61^l ?Jtf
^ll== =tf,
=ef

:- Chapter 1 -"-ldol=
'Jal
zltr, lPrlt, zlar-8,
=€+?1, 'J"JE, 'J==01, +==01, HlHfaJ, /.lzltr, #-d^fe,
E^l gt|]oF. g!ig6f. E-d, !-Lxf, E=, Tl=zt|Hl,
^felC, ^ploJlt-7|!, =+/-J+ ^lHJ, EJ^l
EAa+, tr5tl?|, d-l.n;.u;, ^llAgE, d^l/d-r- 718, +€, ++, E?+elH,
zta;r;, Erf, rrl=6ftf, +'Jtf, alr|]6lti, ^l=dl-i, cc6lti, edl+, ^l3dltf, A|-adl
EE^I' i|]46frf, E=6frf, trl86frf +EJ^l=6ftl.
+, tsaJdfrf,
=rf,
7l=/E= Elrf, +=ol Dl.l, 7l3ol ttf/+ti. 71301 Ecl^ltf, 71301
= =afTftflLHal
7ftf, +Eol '-Jul7f E+tflEal+, 'Jrl7f E-l/'aJ+, -Jrl7f 0ldf6ltf '-J0l ^l=tf,
Eal+,
^ltl, erf, -J=ol E=rf, =J=ol r||illE "J1,ltf, t19/+91= EfLf, tl
=ol =ol
q= q+, Hf-Jol ELl, !7H71 ^lrl, Etf, Hl qEol +tll
+^HE= 6ftl,
*E ^ltf, =iH^l+7|- =
+tl. ElTf etf/r^l+, Hloll 4tf, LLlTlTl LHal+, +g0l EB gtf, d=tp +tfl+tl,
olzllTl zlrf, €^faJoll u3= r +, +tt= /-\rf, gr^f7l aLl, gTlqlE= €:0f
tf, AfEfTf 6a1^ltl-, tr=tl?l, d50l ^ltl, =tf,
Ell5ol
^l
trtroll E^f
E|J=o1
^l+Eltf,
++ nltf, a\zy=6ftf,
ccayl^1., =Lf,
^lLl7ltl,
q++at
E^l ,J,+4, e.tr4, Are4, d€4, e+4, rll4r^1, elg4
^84,
5^t TlELfrf. ,!=tf. Ll|E6ftf, At€6ftf, dEdltf, EHtl
FFrH:lrl Tl-:l
eE^t LLJ=ofLf. /\ljFofLf
-l

?JE= 6H4^l7lrf, Lc= E^l +=-d aJc= Ealgozlrf, LHEoI -:l+6ftf, 'J
=dfrf,
.J-d HJ$= _Eolrf, t=4eE E-d6frf, tseJol i+01^l ?Jtl, EaJol g0lLltl/Etrztl-, tH
al 'J+= ralLl, tl|=el gE gF^l0ll g-dE El^ltf, tl|=01 EzJdftt, EE?JZ:dd6ftf'
.+713 HJfi= g+, +LJ-L| HJ$= ol=olL|tf, 'J+Il Zoll eg= C6f6ftf, HJA
^18=
+fl Eq6f+, ,r.fal HIEJ sl^l= tHE6ftf, IfalAf= HJgdttf, /.falql q-d HlEJol^l=
^l#ol
_Eq++, dE4oJ oJTl= €=+ol Esolrl+, 4x1o1 tfgsfTf irJ9.6ftf, qEg 4.
=rl,
ddftf. g== t-7tlLl, elE= 'J5ltf, olzltl /rl=d|]^ltf, oJ?l4oE ^f=4?.! Afg= €
€6ftl, +4dltf, tr|-8= Eal"Jozlrt, EBE Etl, 4=+01 rtf, +"J4
^lLlilzl =
?! HJ8= ol=olLHrf, +g4oJ ?l7l= +4+, ueraJ0ll
=
=Edftrf
E^l
zlq=.t EEr.r.|, zJoJE/.l, rE-E,\l, E,\l E4, Ec, HloJa4, tE=.,t 1, Alof+E ^l
1,
E^l
€, u=.'.1, ++ BE, ts=J 9E /.l€, trel /.l€, -et+s,t.l, trEH4, +'gFs..,\1
eE^t EJ4Erf. AtEdftf, q+E+, EJTl^ftl
B.!4HE6ftl,

4= {= Z€ ZlElol +TlEltl, r= g-Jol 87171 +6ltf, -]/E ztl€o1

=cllltf, Elaloltf, E-e"J= EJ=61
=6|],
r.5 +^l= 6d6ftl, 4=r=ol
++6frf, ^ll=0l ^l=al+,
+, Ea[4 dl+= +al+, +^l dtlEiol tlg6ftl, 'r!'E-'J "J'J += ol+tl, ^ftrl T|HJ ,\l€
Ef=6ftl, 8E7l7t "JE6H gttf, /.lL|-|tfl'^ lC= €Hl6ltl, U+-uf A+El E+1"J, q+
Efl =
E? E?J= ++Ll, eg HJ^l €44= Elaloftf, ?l84e-e tr1l7lE= ^lal6ftf, ?l+ rloJ
oJ+7f E=Eltf, oJ+el
E=i -d8, ?.17 "J-=.zf +rl, ?!+7f E.^lE ===
9x1l
6frf, oJtrl7f LJ^lLftf, Tlg= =al+,
+^l-9== TifUo-e
"JAF6ltf, =^l=
gjrf, ^f5^f ^ll-ddftf,
gEltf, ?^l0ll -datl
++ += -ddol c46frf,
^loJ
3^l7f ^lE
EE

E^l :lal, E:^1, q9!e, +Ll, 8A^H, +7L, "J1

=E,
E^t 0lE6ltf, Eto|-q+,
ql/+al= =56ltl
tfLltf, q0l= gz6ftf, q0l= 8+. qol= +rf, t7lLl, E5= 7t
Efl ^l0l ==
grf. +€01 ?lrl, "J= --rtl, g= Erf. o|Tgall)l ElLl, E4= "JLltf
^lrf. ^H7ll=

-E-.Zl
E -^i

a7H= nElolrf, a7H= +oltf, a)H= rt+-+ +4= 'stf, F +ee Hf+= d
==+,
rf, F += ,4^l alLf, F += gee Eoq-, +== ?+tl, +== Elz= Eral
^ll+tf,
rf, El^= ]!rf, g=.+ Hgrf, Atill= ?lE 46lrf, *zf4oe )la:l7lLl, +eE g== 7l
E-d
alrf, fos El= rl+, gFHJ +al= 5frl, OlzH= o4 $alrf, o1lt|= tr1tf, g== Eral
rf, g^l+7f+= =l= r]trf, -J= ++alrf, "J8= 77lLl, -9-l+ +al= ugtl. -"lal=
^ll+rl-,
Edltl, -"lal= trlth
==6fzl
Ijt-4.
oo
+4. tf+fllElal. =1;-6;-, aftlg EElaJ,.A.+.^ oJ+, /.l/.l-EElaJ, /.lts^f,8+l^f, q
B^l alol ner#, 9aJ =_eraJ, +14 EElaJ, 'JellHld EEIaJ
Erf, +tr|+= "++rf, qfEol E7lLl,8E= ^H==
Eal+, =JallHld=
Efl ^l8Eol
/.l€6ftf, altle= U8== 'Jtf, lat|= tl€dftl, =^ltf, -Hlt|tf,
=tf,
olrf. =1;-5;-oll Lfgrf, oJ+el ^iEg
E= 'SqrEal+, Tfollal= €^l6itl =E= =el+/E

-H.
ol
}
roffl, 7l+o+, 7l+^L r+^f, EIEE, -EE^f, +^l E+01=,
E^t =^l0l-E;, 7f8, gefl, =7ltoJ,
egfl, 80|1E, ^11E,
^tal=^ldlEl,^Ll ^Ll ^14==
7l+6ltf. 7l=6ftf,
=^l =Etf, ^lgdltl
eE^t ./l=olLl
7f^l ?t= gg -du6frf, 7|]g fl^= +TJapr;, ,J^ll4
+l6H 6ltl, 'J-J-'J ,\lc=
^13=
_E.LHrf, aHfaf^ldfrt, "Jxol Elrf, E40ll tsrf, ,\fel4 -fz= g.oHtf, c0l ElGl
Efl ^l-+ollzl
+rf, fl^= HJrf, "J+= Erf, ^ffl5^l= 6lrf, €7l4oe 5^f0ll ar-q6Ef, Ef?lrf tl=
Gl arf, +3== -H.LHrl, +fl= grf
gEl
| --l

H Elr-l-l Lf, H EL:l-l

+=orL[
=^l == -El
trE^f . +.J^ aJ +. Gl =J rf
rf
=aJ6f
rl-= 41 olLlaf, Eef= + ?lrl-/g.rf, -E301 Elrf, ++= zltrEJolrf, ++=
Efl =o1+Ltl7)
tr6ftf. ++= gtf. ++01 ?ltf

l-a='er 1 aldolE
\ta .^t_a.

r.5^fr-, E=, +trJ EJ-J, +!31f, ug^Ll ^f, fr tH^4, lfl U^1, ^lr 3oJ,
+At^f,
B^t /.f'J^|., 4rH^171, d=^f, 3+38, 3E sJ^f, €i=!, ?.!E tr16|], tr+ ^fr, ==
3d, trl6|1^f ^HJ^f,
7f+6ttf, +46ftl, EtrJ7ftf, E+61^ltl, +?^ltf, ,l.ftrJdltf, +tfi+oltf, €+€
E^1. =4dftf,
6l+, +^ltl, {Jza;r1, !=Eltf, ddl|^ltl, C+dltrf. +e6f+, Agoftl
=tf, ==dltl,
Et^t
119oll +l-L6lr:l, zyx7l +"J6ftl-, ZEol +Ll^l+/Er.lEl+, Ze E72l Lltf, ZltrJoll^l
+etrf, ZE E5afr|-, eol DlnaJtrf, t-Jtltl Lftf, usoJol Elt[, 'Jolrl,\l rfxlrf, E.u
+lr= 6ftf, E== tr+tf, E=01 =tf, =+= +6H+tl, Eoll Huf^ltf, HHT| d=6f+, Ee
el "JZa;q, 4+= "Jrf, Erf= trl-oH7f flrf, Eflo.-e g7l^ltf, Efloll^l ^lE=
=4=
oltf, Eol Lltf, E?J+E E+a;4, Eol H^lEf, HlgTlTl ++6ftf, ".!eql Elnal^ltf,
Efl /.fr. 'Jz =5al.l, ,\fr.7f Lftf/HJ86ltl, ,\fr= Ll|tf, ^fr.= 'Jdftl-, SBoll
EJ6ltf, +lE= +lHJ6ftf, fllTlol r-:f Lftf, g^f ^l
3
€|ol ^]r=
fltt, AE= Z^ltl,
gol 6EJElrf, EddlrfTf ^r|]^l7l= ?al80l ,ll^ltl, trl5H= gtl, €tlol g.tf, I
'At'+F
/.f= E0lrf, grf, =rf,
gJr al^lrl, d o+-g.E^Htl
+,\l^ltf, ^FJ
=C= ^ ==6ftl-, ^l7l
5-.J= Etf,
=Ar-=
5Ill6ltf, Etl, EilziTf ggdltf, Ef^H7l g86ttf
="JE =21=
\tol . 4],1
3^ll E+, 85ill el^], qlt!, a+8^ d+1, el^], Er+el, A+, +-J,
B^t =^l ^lg ^H€ ^H€
EtrJ+"|, a
^fA|
rl, trd6f
/.l =.JEl rf, tr1|^lq rf, -d el df rf
,JE= 6H^6ltf, e+-d +^ll7l =Je6ltf, All +=01 +tl, +7|- Z8+01 ?JaLE:lLl,
=71
?1s01 EafEltl, +7f 8714 8^4, ++ol -sFdEltl-, rlgaf el+71 71^l'-.
^lflol =^ll4
+^{ HJoJ= Efzldl-tf, E+-Lf 3^11 d8= ol+tf, U^4= tr6ftf, -J=$ €{4,5€€=
alq6fq, EEI r+= Eftt|oftt, E4o-+ ol+af6ftf, 8E del= al+dftf, EtlE L_x
EE olol^ltl, ,tlFe+, qr1-'-'=
dftf, =J6f= ?lEdftf, /.loJ "l^l0l +tf,
^ll4l ^l9l7l ^lg=oJE4
"J+apr;, elr4 l+oll -dl trf, fl^loll ?lHHEltf, el^l +=01 Ftf, ^l?cl =e=-
trf. stsol r.^llElrf, tr+= +aJ6ftl-, 4^l= +l6ftf, +tllEf= goTltf, eallj -='-
z;
HJ6H^lrf, al.J= dfrf, /.lq/a8ol golLfrf, elfl+oE Tlg6htl

01 qfl eE 87
rldl f,-zll
-l?.! E^ll, E"J +^1, tfEqf 7f+, "fEol ++, +^fLl 7f+, Hl:.J E^Ll, ,\fg
g^1, /.l4 g?E g?.! ^frHJ^],
B^l =J, 8=J 80|]oJ, +3= eJ^f, 7f+,
^fC 'J^ll.
80t|?.!. €
u^|iil, ee] ==^f,
5^l z4a1qr;, 7l+6frf, .JBldlrf, ol=61tr|., nf.|l6frf, +5H^l7lr[
=^ldfrf,
EE^I HlaJ^l6lrf, /.fil.^ aJ rt, c 46lrl-
7f+uJ0l Eafofrl, 7f^l3J0l rf=rf, El+rl, 3-3F01 ?lrl-, raJefTl 7l+aElLl, a
+rJsl 'J5, zJC= gtf, ===
7f"J6ltf, +=61 ?l+, |_Jollzl trl6H= +rf, t
5oJ+7f +=6ftf, L+71 ="JE=oll
?JEEltf, -t+= =r
"fEol ++71 0lHl-d I
+ tl|Hl, UE= *tf. H=d= rlrl=a;., =Hl6ftf,Esf=
E€oll =olLltf,
Eq^l€o1 ++6f
rf. Erf. Eolqol Elrt, E"f= ^lrf,
7,irl, +^l ^lE6frf,
+=6frf, AJsl tr= 7l|
=+01==
doltrf, ^fsl
g^lal= ef=6ltf, StoJ+7f #A6ftrf, dB ^llE=
ETfEltf, +=J
EE ^|.|eE
0l z^lrf, xf0l7|. Ltrf, +E= Eat6frf, .^=e117\= "Jtrf, ^la1le
/rld= ^ll= r|l
gFqulgll
-d +=J0l ^llr| qa13 0li, EaJ+71 L;ol^lLl/Eof^lrf, B:3F= El^lrf,=trf,
el="Jel tE+
=.trf,
=JE6l-tf, 9EE= rDlLl, +E== qlg6ftl-, 0l=E0l ?l7l= 4=4
= =7fdftl,
?l 3JC0l =J_"a;r;, €LJ= E!f6ltf, €^l4o.e ?J€Eltf, T^ll +-Jol
=tf, HJ

3= g+, rl44o-+ 3-Laf+, rE E"J, HJtf, =7l6ftf, =3

*E EaJol At+dl"tf,
^l+4oJ ^lg=
€laldftf, +lg'Jol C4dftf, "=E +Eol -.J=-sr #
=tlEol ^l56ftf,
grf, trf^ll7l Elrf,=tl=
Ejr|ldfq t/.l6frf =clt_ltl,
=

g^l 3BF, 7l5d ?'J, +E:, d=. AoJ r.r-4=, el-d, 4lu-d, 7H+El gE, EJDll^I

7l+ "Jtf, PJtf, HCol 4tl, -a3 +rl, PJ€€01 +l0lLfrt,

sfl dE =6{= ==6fl^l^l
lr1, E'J zlgg -EoJ6ftf,
^llalEJ
6ftf, Fl= ofolrlol,
^-l
=^l6l7l-tr == =+d/HJ+dol
=Lf

B^l
7l-+, +4, Lfol, 571,
:d, ^llL|l7l,
€4, dE, ug^ffl, ug8, lflalg, 94+^l n/\f
8at| tr|"J, eFtr/'JE, E=, +lEl, +H, EE, EE
g^f6ltrf,
^lg, =7I,
47H5frf, E*a1r;, -cf4l6frf
=^l -J€tf, HJ,Jtf, ll=rf, tJ=alr;
EE^I
Efl "J= e+, -"tf, +,\lt|.|E ofrf, gos E ++6ftl, Tl+=
^l|E ^l7lL7ll= ^f+ltl

=-: Chapter 1 -"iColE

 7lE4, rJd4, 7H€4, +2J4, LHd4, tsa14, _E+4, +€4, HlaJ4, HltrJ4,
=€4,
r.4, 4+4, +54, el-8t4, 01714, 0l€4, xf7led4, 4=4, rld4, Tl+14. etel4.^l
E€4, =J54, sl84

Z4a;r1, 7lloaa1, TtlLlELl, ,3'Ealrf, g#dlrf, rt=a;r;, 'J€6frf, =Jta;r;, qH6frl,

EJaJTlal+, ++dlrf, rHdrf,
EaJdEf, +=E+6frf, EtrJ^aJ+, +^laJ6frl,
EE^I tr"Jdftl, €€a1r;755t6ftf, 4d6ltrf, "J=afrf, gitrdlrl, ^f^1.\aJ+,
olElgcl-.
gdftl, GlUa;r1, E#a;q, +++=J6ltf, +^l6ltrf, ^lfl^l3dfrf,
"J4a;r;, ^lAf6frt, trGrf, 486lrf,
-dE.-frl. =J"Ja;r1
^fE6lrf, Tltr6frl, 4ga1r;, =J=Ja;r;.
Tl^ldltrf,
?l+, rdol 3^f+Eol +t6fLl, E7l/oJL|]dol ?lrf, .JHl7l d6lrf, Lll6
=.J+01 ^lltl,
ts^l7f HH[=1;-, tHoJ rJZlTf flUottrf, Efl €Uol e6f+, alrldol ?trl. "Jg E'
= '5t|-, "Jol g.tl, rfl^loll U=dltrf, Ht|Etol Elol$el+,
= d
=trf,
401 E6ftf/L-=.frl, €401 Ejrf/clErt, d4ol =tl, fl"J6ftrf,
^FJ=al
#== E|. ^FJol =rf, -.ll
LHrf, ##ol7l
gE
.-LLI/ar.l,opl e+, gCol PJtf, +qft4ol ?trl, +^ldftrl, E$dol gtrf, ?.!TDl7l. LJ
?.lZ€01 ?lLt|dol Lrtf, oJ€ol g.rll.Fjrl, g ggoltrl, gol TfErllul
^ltf,
tf, =tf, ^Jal7l
-E=tf, e6f+, E a;x1 Fofr1. rf=Col e6f+.
^l7l+oll ^l7l+Atol ^l7lE6l=
aHq6f+, I'Jol c6l-rf, r4ga0l ,J6frl, ETldol .Fjrl ^f+

.\EI
-o
z4=E, Zltrfl, a)lfi, ar4, +E7tzl, .J=+'-J, rH-d -EF?.! rH€i, rl^ffl, El]ltr, EE,
HfrJl^llg, H|]AHI, EEIE, Hl=E^1, Ar€ -gE E|16f, A|EE,4'!, +'-J,
4=J=, /\l6t, !AtE, d^jlE, ?E HaJ=, ^llg/--J?.!,4H1^f,
oJTl ArE, oJElLJl
^tl-=,
8Hl+Ll, ^=JE, ^Efg,
4=J 7fE, 4=J=, Efl, €71", €84, rllE, ^EJ,
^Hr=,
7f7il, Tlgtt, 4FErJ, 5l^l ?-2!, 7l?E1, ^ll^g^f, =gfl,--JoJ
=olEF,
Eeltr, 7fE,
=rE+=, -cFoJ trJDH,
-EF?.!
=_71/^lol^,
=sl!,
=4"J
zl+t6frf, r-trf, +Et|6lrf, +fla;c|, flofrl, 'JHl6ltrf, E0lrtLlrf, H|]=6frl,
=^ll6ftrf,
5^t HHA6lrf, "Joler1, trqFdfrt, +Eo-frl, TlgElrl, *da;c1, EJ[t|dfrl, -Jel+,
E€ldftl, EtrEltf ^l=6lrl,
Et^t IE-^eJtf, tlg;6ltf, trJ=^aJ+, +:"J6frf, rjaJ6frf, Er-^l6lrf, tr6frf
7l':= =o16lrl,
'J= +Ll, Al{jTl= FEaltl, tf$oll lE Q^lls, E= Z=al ++, rl^l
=!6|-trf,.q *+, trl8Oll
oJol E+6|-+, E ==JDl?_, HfTf^l= lal+rl-, -fal6f+, q
Efl E aE +e^ll-e, ol^J e^lle, =rf,
gnfqle, q7l ?lqe, E Ll7ftrf, Er Glgal+, gdol .J
^EJ6f7l
7lrf, +EaJol ?Jrl, t.gz1l El^119, ufsoll 4aJ6frl, EjH|]E +Edftrl,
rf, -Lf gE Elrl ^l+71 =Eol =

04 qfl .EE
.^lE-:
?J=. ?1+71, E?1+, aJ=, +71==, +Hl+, +8 ^Ei, ,\l=, qtd, q8
8^t ==,
+E d+, ?^1, +-H.'li+
g4dlrf, HJoldltf, HlTltl, +Hl6lEf, €:fl6|.tr1, trJE6ltl
eeoil T.!=6ftrf, z;iaE +Ll,'371= aJaJ6ltf,
237loll 8?1? Etrf' 85d+oll
=d6ftt,
tttEl/Ef=61trt, 7l= edql €nt|6ltrf, )l=Z ?3tl6l-trt,
9=trf, =
=trll=/=0ll=/5sll=JE HJ5]6|-trl-, Edoll +Af
E6l-rf, EEoil qd6ltrf, +e+7t Lltf, +6+E ELftl, =d6ltl,
.J6ftrf, d+= r.^ll6htl, lllXl +l7l== e+= 4+tr1, qE =E -J+' qdA
= ^11?tr1-,

=71+tr|.'q|do||^lg+6ltt,q|d=Eir,l6|E,|-,4'dEil|.t|.,d^|Ezl=+=6}4|gt|-'tr
+= rt|TlEh, trl8g EJ6ftt, =aJE -Jalq

Lt+=71, Ll=71-^1, 4=g. +taf, c?]8, Lf+, +a, 4=fl, "Jz,l, SEIE' 7f
E^l Lllol,s, al.E
=sl{,
Et
eE^l /.l=/.l=6|-trf, dd6ltrh
trlE.l, +al= L|]alEf, 4rol ul= +al+, gEl|= ggEE oJtl, El6=
Efl =01
7l+Lt
^hafEl, "Utrl-,

7J, aJE, tl, EEtr, +z'tr, HlEloJ, H4, 46104, cz, tls, c8' g"JE'
TlaJ^|,
B^t
?1, er,
=q,4+, EJ+aF=, n1l, trl+, caJ
^l'J, =all^Ell=,
:"
tE:" t tt E 6 tl, .'Jq E 6 trf , H-++ ^ trl, 6ll tf ' 4al-"11
=J | | |

=d
l'

+g +ee 7l:1l7lLl, +7f+oe. nl=El, +o.e "J^ltf, +al='stl-, *JOl Lltf,=aol =

==rt,
trt, g= grl-/El-Etrl-, "Jollll trJol Lfg.th, g0ll +l7t Lltl, += +|trf,
qelThaj

ol L[El, a7fl= ?= E= iILI/?Jtrl, 'J^H= "Jtrl, E€ =al+'

=Lv+olLl/=al+, =trf,
+==gEl,6lal==Hle4+,E'4+A8ot|,g'4E6=0lflaJ6ltrl,-'J"-4=+eJll
Efl 7l+, eo-4 +aJE Etrf, t!4= gE= +86ltf, a=E=
=i;6ftl, =+6ltt, =+t!ZE
EHl6ftrl, lil{l== 71ELl, ttrtlE= H|l€6htl-, dn4^|-= ^Eo:lrf, A^]EE
d+l6ltrl'
d+l= =JEE +Tldftl, ?lE e-Aahcf,
e-7lLl, ill8ol galTftf ill3='5
=oltl, ^1lE=
HJ=61'tl, 0llLl^l= U=trl, trlB= Eq
olrral+, !i1l7f g-J6htl, dsol eJ€Eltrl, LlTl
++.
=qE =ol+tl.

Chaoter 1 -4ColE
--t *u

248,4rj,3^1, E-Bt, rJsJr_!, zJzJoJL|] l, +gr^1, 9A|, +471a1, +LH q:.J, 7lLlE, E
ol=t, 'J^llq=.J, E-E q:"J, E^1, 5=3, fllEl7f, 0f=, qgTlal,
'id,
Hlrl,=grl|8, =4
Hl17l, HJEZJ, HH|_Jq="J, HllE, 88, E71e:l, Hl^f, Hl-.J71 E, ,|!, tr, tr+7ll]l
^1,
B^t +71, +E, ++qg, +HJHl, fa, -rz;5r, t]=qg, 0Fe, 0t^18, 0t+tr|,
^l=, ^l=fl,
cfl, qgi_4, qgHl, qg^f +8, qg^|, 3d, +g^1, +4^1, 0l=4, eAr4, "Jge,
q:'J, d"J, tr, trtr'J, A=J8, =J63, F+,-4, trH7l^l 8=, +E, E
^f+
e, q^l^|, -Bf$fl, =ll,
6||+$AF, 6flelqg, A+, E-E rJzJ, =tE,
+gFrl
Addftf, rJ=Ja;r;, +Z6lrf, E+dfrf, oJEalr;, qlqFofrf, Aolq-Llrl, ill-d6l
E^l rf, sJgdfrf =alErf,
=g.=l-rf,
EE^I ?B6ftt
7f43 *xfee-+ )lLl, 71tl= Tlqoll .Jtf, ttrAf= +ed|-+, 'JH-JE af+,
+==01= 7lLl, =0ftfLltf,
E€6ftf, Hltlg= =Jg6ltf, ].lTl= rltf, tl €Atoll e-tf, q
gE =71tl7f
g gE= afrf/^ll+rf, ?.!dol +qol Elrt, E= !rt, d= ilf+, nl^l= 7ftrf,
df+ tl DlEtf, -d Hf+l =rl-,
E.Joll =3
=tf, =tf
d tl
I -^\F
-l

z=olLJ, )l?, Eo17l, gatxl, "Jdzl; Hd^l, ,\frt|+, Lltrl7l, ual, ft871, gF=71, eJ
B^t
t, fl{:l^|, g6l, E€71, deJ7l, EE7l, €^il71, Ei1l7l
=+1, g
z=6frl-, EoJslrf, EtrJofrf, H€dlrf, Ed6lrf, EEa;r;, 4E6lrf, ?"JElrf,
5^l ^ll?j^lrf,
Egoftf
^1l6ftf,
eE^t Eal+Afdftf
5000LJel q^f= 'Jolrl-, 7l== tl^ltf, Ll|alEZe trq=+, E
^FJ6ltf, =E=
d= -Jal+, Hf+= ^|trf, HJEJtr= ==dl
E"J6ttf, g4= ELllLJ7lLl, q^|ol|
=tf, ^lqdfq
0l== -Jal+, gE= +€l6ftf, e=EZ= Ztl-, eJflOl EJaJEltf, eJ?l0ll 9=tf, gTTl
EE ?l)l)l +ofetl, ?lE= ?l8el C.-ltf, oJgsl tr€71= "f
^faf^ltf,
0ldltf, E lllzlE trl^ltf, E€71= ^l6f,tl7ltf, ==01
-ELl|tf, €flo1 -r^1lEltl, €+= +aJdftl,
^ll-E= ^ll€
6f+, 6qF=
^ll=6trf, dr.^ql a= 5"J= 0l=6fri, "=EJ--J #= a
rl, EJ=71= 0l=rl =6frf, = ^ll+rf,

ccoil . 716
uilz.c
7l=, rl=, HH+^f, +ill, laJ, r|]Tl€, q.'i77
B^l =+l+ol^f,
ql=, ^lal^f, ^l+E=, trlEE, =4a|,
^l+ 6fi-I
?J.JEail^, +a11, +a1l^f, flgEE,
=, =r|1==,
q=6lrf, Eo|1dlrl, 0l=6frf
57-l6lrf, qafrfLlrl, At^faJdf
5^t ==dfrl-,
rl, 8E6lrl, nf=6lrl, -"llol^lrf ^f+lrf, ^|lEo:rl.
,Jtr= +rf. -Jrre
_ .t= ^Irr
E-t.
7r=^re eal+, al'rf. q+, t
==
-dE er;, i01l
=E-=
/"\0lrl, Lzol
=
=+=
rl=01 g "Jrf, "Jc,'!= -Eri. 0l=Jl+211
==4leF/qlllel.=
EE =r4^2f
=J= dltf, Hf-J= trl+tl,
=rf,
^ltf. dzdl=
uul^ltf, /.FJE _rE6ftf, dftf, +l
zJ/l+71 gabf+, ^FJoll71.+, qlE= ^faJol
HJ6frf.
atsoil €traf= tr1|

E= Eal+ -sf= ELHrI/HJrf

^l=q:"J= =Hldfrf,
AfFtdfrf E9t ,\lqr= 6lrf =al+,
=+=

n,4
v-
d6l
vtTt . E+l
L H
B^t l+e, ,,.1"rq, aE4, gIl14, +aal, E^1.4, 6H+4
, +flEltrl, A86ftf, tl^lEltf, dE6ftl,
E^f ^!Eltf,

trE^t EHJalc.l, :Ig6htl, FE6l-tf, afaloftf, ='JLI

71801 LfEfLfE'l' Z
7J;rJ6J edE -J7lLl, r?el 0l= Efldftl, LfBElZl E-d ltf,
='^J1 g Hq++'
Eol ?lrf, ,Jg afl= ^folLHEf, l=4ee E-'l6ltl, 'J,tlel d=Jg4E =
,\f
r-al^ltf, EEITf HJgEltl, EEIE Edltl, EE4oJ 'zJdftrf'
^4Ill7|-
=dfll ==-'J =^4,
€4qeE^l6fEl,85aol?ttf,^l"JEafel=€EgHq++"S^ll-'JEl4'zJ4=H qEq trl
Efl olrl, ftall7f gttl-, +E6l= e4Foltf, tlHleS E+VI= ^folLHtf, trJ=tl'
^llzl4os
Hq+q, olLJol 'J7l ?ltl, olttVl dEol L-7il^ltl-' 8r6f1l
= qE + ?itl, ^ltrE +lolLltf, =4oltf'
4al7l g Eltl' 4-La15 +e+' E+4
^Al-el ^ldl=t-771^ltf, F+-d^cEl7f
o1 5liltlzl 101 ?ltf, Ed 7lEol afalgol 46f= ol+tl'
=i+61+,
I'J, Caf n|7l7l 'J^ltf
=71?

LE^|A, HJ"J/=1"J, qltr, 0l+/.l I, tol qltr', ?l^l=J', "J/.f qlE

B^t =4&^
ooo+!
=E?1
--Lr -
|

oJ^loftf,
^l^f
E,\t l.r6ftl-, €+6ltf, 5l=6ftrf
BE^I 7ltrJdftrf, Z+6|.trf,
=+6ltf g'tf' +=
a7,j==4r El^ltf,'3= Etrf, +al='s+' + +ee =al*, tfl=ol g+eE =trE ttfE
+oltl, +^1= =tl, €tlE =tf',
ilE= a7ftrf, ^fTl =Jg =rl, .$L|1HJ=ql97f g'+, qleloll Gl=Lltf, qltr= B^l
r.fl +, ol=af += of^lrf, qlelTf Hf=tf, gE6ltf, tr= 6ftf' 5E6l
^l7ltf'
0l0t7l6ftf'
E HJg "J= Thal^l ?Jr.6f=dltl, ^lal=
EE "Jtrf, +EH da|= nrl, +tH daf= dE:=jEl
=^1,

els
B^t g=e. +=#
t|-
eE^t
Eol r+/Afrl, uf9cf, g0l HHt^ltf, €01 nltf, +71+ol 7l=Ll, o1n\7l E;tflEtl'
HHT|
g=01 EETlLll=
g=ol 7F=6ltf, gEOl !;46ltf, g=ol HlE.Lftl, g=01 $:=-:lc;'
87ltl, E5rTl t86ftl, oloh7f :;tflEtl., trol Lftl' e?l8ol =tf' ^ll40l =rllAtcf'
a7l +Ll/-;Ll, 7l7l ar:ll+Ll, trl+71 Et]
.Eel
7J,7J8, ul, r+:i, I=tzf+, +ol, =J'JlVlaJ,
=n1-,
EJ6f, Dll+, +E, "J7t+, +8, A
B^l d, €=J, 4=, 4*, gFE, -aa| HJE, e4 q+, tr^|, tr, EfTl=,
L, HA,
?J. ^lE?,
EafolE. ^l|E, ^aJ, ^ll
++
,Jrf, Erf, ,?lrf, ;30lrf, +0lrf, rf=rf, El-^lEf, .Jrr|., ql++, rll^lrl, FlErf, +^1trf,
HJ=6ftf, ++tf, +^ltf, #tf, gtf, gal+, 9al6ftf, qdl+, ltf, 4aldf
=^l rL illrL trtrL ElTlrl irlrL ^l=tl, ^el+,
EE Z= "l+tf, ,J= dftf, AE= zftf, 4=oll troltf, gFLl= '--l0l H1+al+, A4= "J=tl,
^l|= ^ltf, =JE ?=tf

T'b-
+6, 3J=4, E+ef, EC, Arr|]=J, .,\.E^, Aal^f, t+^l7l, U?.!d+, of^l
B^t
=A, =6E,
oJZloJ, E8I, Cldd, g=J4, wl, ?6,J, ?E 2371, AE +=, E5d+, 358, Bs
z TlFfTl +?J+ ille+ ++Af -=7fTr EHfTi
=?lFf
HlTltf, 8=Zl6ftf, +g6ftf/-"llg^ltl, 6:al6ftf, Sgdftf , olTlLl/^lLt,
=al+/+ltt, =raEf/
=^l EaJa;r;
=6lrf,
gE 9=rf, z3tltl /.l4tElrf/E LlLl, ?37 l= +lrf, z7 loll =.-9. =.nJEl-g.
-uil==
=+0ll
ttltf, .^E= 6zl6ftf, nlTl
vt
-TLE/\lnl JLI
. to dvl =rL
=

74t-1F.
LE-, =.qr -F
4+, =tr-lFl trloEl
+qlel, tr7121, oJ/1+, oJ/+|, E, ?E12J, eJ+/g=+,
B^t --, -Lur
^17171,
?l/ofaH, EE, trE, +E
^l=2, ^l6lE, =+/g+. =2.
E^f +trlE/rfElEofrf,
=017frf, ^lLltrf
EE ZE= Dla 'JE Erf, e= -.llrt|tl, "J# ErJl+Lltf, + 7lLl. EEJ-HE= Zlltf
=Ll, =
c --tl
E
7J4,7J?J4E, zl=17l, r=, Z, r_folu, 'JZ, _=.r.1+, Dll+, E^1, +ltrll, Erl], +7f+,
^1.J,
B^l 0l+^lzH, ?.lreJ=^lE, l7f+, dgtr, ?.!,
=-+,
'J, trH"Jal all^EaJ, n|1-^=+E, ^llrfE,
trllEE, E:irl^f, E3, -d+ =olz, =44=, ^H^l+ol^f,
nH=Ll, +il q+, -J7lLl, rll+rf , tr7lLl, Etf, *tf, E^l6ftf,
5^t =rf, ^l6lrf, =71
+rf, -dElLHrf
L^dfrf, ++6frf, E.zrf, ".t?lrf, rH=o-frf, 'J+, q=^],\aJrf, /.ltrl,
EE^I =rf, ==dfrf,
dzrf, ^ rf, g=.-frf, Hfrl, EtE6frl, ^f'Jrf, #Ea;r1
Lf+, r.?-Lf "-t, z^l= -Jr+, 'JIH= "Jrf, "^t?i= 'JlH7f Lltrf, EEJ= e+, Ar=
==01
ifal+. +rl7l g.rf, g0l .Fjrf, gg0l g""t= g.rf,
Efl =rf, ^lg0l =+6lrf, =+rf, "J"^lol
q+. Ed:dl|^l
"Joll *tf, "Joll^l A€ It717J _E=01 Tf5dltl, 6alE0l fltl,
7l^17lLl. -BFol =tl, =71
=tl

04. clFl :
==
i

elt
7l=.A, 7l=^Hv),'J?, ++, LH+, L4Elol, 5tl+, alt-J^l^, EHI^I, E
-+el,
EFI nll l,\tl

E^t
=, +i, =at+^. 4!=, +^ttrf, ++rJ, .^?llEi, x7lu,4+e. =alq, E^11^1al,
Bf^|,
gF"J, g=, efol^1=, 85=, 35af, fltr|^, 8A|, 8Hl^l,ilnl/x71=, ru^ol == trl tll-l- !.:, Ll
=,
,^1^
TfoJ= ql+, LllEfol= r|]rf/=El, =J+71=al+, E^l= /-\tfl1tf, E-=a15 6ftf/=tl, /.l
EE Vl= TlLl/=tf, Cg= Utl/Htf, "Je= ^^tll{tf, o-4^ll^lal= dftrf, *= gtf/1tl-, I
ae= altr.lltjnlJtf, Eal+
^ltrl7f

oJ^l . oJ+
--r-Eol .!Ett
B^t ro u, OrllTl-trf OaHtrl
u u, +u u

E^t c4al;frL
r-vt-t ,
il-oLElrl.
^vtE-l
EE^I Hfuu r';, --J7f6fth
=dftf,
'lEoil E ^lLHrl, rl€= E-d5frf, Eg g,rf, g_f+caE =+,
gEf trJoltrf, oJ,\l-= zllltf,
Efl
E sLHrf, ?trf
Ef

zfE6frf. 7ldl6frf. rf0lole5;-1f, =afolH6frf, oll-E.6lrf, gf^l6frf/g^lEdftf, 6f€f5ftf

=^t trl=dltf, -d=tf
EE^I
71E.= Hrf, Zl.J= 9=rl, +trF= EJHH= trl?rf, aJ.!^= Dltr,llr\llLl,
^frl, =Et= ^frf,
E^l ql^l^lE Et-11r|-7gtf, HJ^H+tl, Eall= 6ftf/ilttrf/LJLI/te'lLl/71tl, +=
+= Ef,\ltf, '\=alle= 6Ef, Etrf, d+=3 ,\lTltf, ofEoll ^l^46ltf,
Etrtrf, R=
Efl ^lltf, ^l==
ol== nlt:l/ElLl/7|tl, at0ll^l 77|]tf, tr01
==
daf= 'JLI/HJLI/ELI-, E+Eat
=olgtrf,
6ftl, 84= +4+4 6|.tf, tstHoll tstf, 7ltrl==tr|-, gtf, -'J+E Ef8== Hhe
=
rl, +r|l dat= 6da;r1 = ^ftl,

B^t ,'.fd^f, +8, +^4 4rg,

^116l|
5^t qnl^l7lEf, El]nl6ftl, +Ll^lEf, C+dftf, qlHJ6ftf, Tlaf6Et
=+dftf, =Eltl,
7[=ol E+Eltf, aol LJ^ltf, Eoll At7ltf,tsl4tEol "Jal=+,54FE
=tf,7lgol
ol /'^al^lrl, t/.fE|lTf Ll+, EeTf i3Ol^lrf,=g0l
E0ll trF7ltf, Ezol zlll^|trf, Ezol H^l
tf, /.f8^l7l ggdftf, tt/.hEl|Tf Lftf, {!l.= HJtl, 0f+48ee Edl-trf, +HJol +0|.^ltf,
Efl oJE trl6i|7l ggdftl, Lftrf, E gfeE HJtrf, El|=:01 Etf, El|
^lTlol =01 =oletl, =4=
AtE6trf, +€ol LHal+, +?71 +of^lrf, trl5H= oJtf, 5|]g0l "Ja19+, Lf
=ol
rf trf.|lol *"Ja;r| =+7f

:' l.acter l -"jdolE

3^l
B^t €E arl-. 1+ 7lzJ. E+=J
Lll ulb.lLi, LclLfLf, E4Elrl, qlAtElrf, ql=Elrf,
I l-lr l-l Fll-L:lrl Fllrrl-lrl lrl Hl-r-r-l
LfE-fLfLf, Lfl'J-6fLf, --lr Ei-ol^lLf,
5^t
o tl ut"l

7l=^l= Hq++, tHSo-= t|'|+ trJ+E7f +tf, A-d= 56l|

EE ^Iloftf. =q++/=q=+,
t+-rf, olelol ,Jal7l Llgrf
"JZa;r;, 1+,JI:l7l "J+Elrl. E+
^i!= =rf=
izE
--T-:E

B^t 1oJE, Zlti^1, ull+trJ, H|l=, 0F^1, -d r=

HH=dftf, fE;|-r|, E€ldftf
=afealtr,
E^t
Et^l _Ll I /\l-r.:Ll

EE lcl acyl=alrf, rl Eal H|]=Eltrt. q+

^l7lrf, ^l7l
el
-o
zl
Za|]^1, +LH^I-J, /.lz, .J.J^f, t|-|7lg, "J'J +qq^f, E^Zl, +6f ^l
B^t fl, Hl^l€, =+€ZJ tl6l,
=EZl,
g+ ^fg,
E|1E, ?.!EJ^lg, dErl, €Lltrl^], +59
7lg. ^f+!,
58. rleF aflf. ,\lz. El=Z. al^f. alol! =+^11, =4
^laf ==/tr|= =='J.
-E-n6ftl-, del6ftl, ATJa;r;, 9j€Eltf, 0l^l6ftf, rlll6ltf, 4trl6ltf, trl=6ftf,
EJrl|oftl. 6Hr.6frf. al ol6l-rf ==dftf,
=^t
7|Tg6ftl, 'Jal= -Erof+, g4+/HJtf, ELi|tf, 7l^frt|= €^l6ftf, 7l=f?J
AF€ol"tf,
=il= ===
Etrf, EE= 8+dltf, H+liJ=l+-JlEE0l +tf, E^f/^l^foll^l
= =3lqaf+,
6ftf, tlg^lflE g+9 Eg5= E+= gtf, g+== ^leldftf, =+ qltl
EE =0ltl,
EE= +Ll== gtf, ?lEJ gdftf, -dl tf,
= ^ll+tf,8aH€01"Jtf, ^ffloe
?ttf, 4€oll "ftl-, !8= fi7ltf,
^fTlzlgoll
7l-tl, EJnH !401 ^fE=
=+6ftl-,
al/.f= r"JFrf, al^pll LfLlrf, +71= 7lrl, +7f= LHrf =AF= ^j4oftf,

/tl

5^t #af, Eofal, 5Eal, E!7Htr, El+, "J=71, E"J, +E, d^f+, oC4 ol9l
7fg6ltf. Eotl.
=^f tfg6ftf =trl6ftf. ==6ftf. =7lLl. =Edftf
EE^I
7f43 EfgoE Zlg= 6ftf, zJC= 7l^lLl, +d0l -Fjtf/g.t[, raJ= 1a.lLl, 7l
El= =7ltf,
tal]= +erf, E^l= 6frf, Elg= q+. Hlol=al= 7lrf,4€^4= 9lrf, ^E
EE i01l ^lrf,
EzJ6ltf, LH+, q7l= E+6ltf, g6l= Etf, +E= +E6l-tf, ggalql 7f
^lZ=
+. c^laloll 7lrf. + HHlxlrl. trlal= Tl+="1 +rf= Egrl. olE.LlTl= ELI
=rf.

n,a alls ,
=-
+lg'ol=ulole'Hd
lTtlg, 49, Z€9, egg, 3+ ,\l:Bl, 3al, 3J"Jgll, rq E0F, +r.1, +r.l^l, +l^f,
+ 47J, E-8, zlg Eot, EH+, rl|€|. rJal, EEZJ, HJEflI tJe, U+ EOF, HJd,
=
E^t H=^l6f =EgZl, d= Hle, d8 zf€, €€: H|1e, rlfr, of=s1e;
^f+^1, ^JHl,\941, ^lHJ,
= $rfal,^lE,oFZ E+, ed/e+ a+9, ?5e, 4l^9, +"J
oE7l,
=+, +ttgzl, =+,
ll:d, -"J€2s1, e+ 4lEl^dg, =+, =
=9, ^|fl ^|fl^|., =71 =El"J,
-L86ftrf, 5e6|.+, HeJottrl, +tt|6ltrl, g/.ldftrl, d86ftl-,
^lfldftf
+ts.-frl, d!6ttr|-, +E;61-tr|-,
=E6l-trt
ealE gtl, 38oll^1 €0f'-Jtl, ?J801 xlg6l.trl, eal0l ?ltf, Zl"Ja;r;, 54
g+16[tf, 5+6|.41 trf+trl, trl.g-d 3e= dltrl,=+ E= Htf, Eofal=+= =JE= 6ftl, Etr +
= EE= Htl, 861=E 4x1ap1, =Jd6ftl, EoFel E=7171Eltl, +At 3
=d6ftf,
+01 ?itrf, €aJE "J+l6ltrf, !+= gtl, =E=
€+ 5el= g+ldl-trf, 0f=HfolE= 6ft[, q-+E
+= gtf, e4l= ol=tf, gzlel E:d= 4qr6Ef, qeJ= g+l6ttrl, qaJ= 7l+Ll, AdE
nlrl, olalll= 1 trf, oJEJ/.l?o-=. "J^lal= +6|-71 cl=Jtrf, ^14== +l
Efl "-l== .' tr|-, =+6|.tr1-,
dEaf+, TleLf/gtrf/++trf, trt4+
=61tr1, ^l7l^'7t|,\l= ^lof= ^1tr/L€/Eel=
E ejg.laEf, 8+=E Erl, dg= €al+, dal= 71+tr1, ultrl,
=3 =E^fTl=
!ia|c1, 4g= +6|.tr|-, 4fl= Etrl, 4== Ee6f+, tlE= e€6ftr|-, TIE= EJ^46ftl,
^l^l=
+dE Ett, +l5l /.l-d= -tre] E+71- E+Oll +-Et6ftrl, +al .dE
=Hl6[trf, =trf,
s.trf, -+gels=:d 3c0l ?Itrf, -+goil rl{Tl6htrt,6|lcl E+= rfLlerf, ol^f gd0ll 7l
^ll-sfol

q6E|-

z^48, ll^ltrJ, tE=, EgAt, Ef+^, +d E=, Bl=JefE, Eill, ,\lrfl,0l0lrl, eloltrlol,
?lE, *d ?.!El'l!, ol!^l trl^f(USB), 0lollg, E+ trfg, Z"J, -d= Z
elE =-EIZ^I, =tr1,
+El,
=tr1|01^1,
+/.l6l-tl, +EJ6l-tf, Af^ll6ltf, €^l6ltrf, iHEJo-ftr|., E+6ttr1,
^l|86ttl, ^l86ftf, =EElEl,
=al6El
Hlolal,\= illr6l+, trLoJ E-E-LaJ= '!trf, uEzl-E6ftl', ololtrl= Etl, 0|-01tr]= Ea
dltrl, 0l0ltrl= U86ftrl-, AaJ= ?lElfl +E7l L-al+, ?lElfl EEd= E=o-ftl,
EEILiloll tr+dttl, 4oJ= gtl, trl"J= E+dftf
=01tr|-,

€'J(A+ +4(gal
1.1), 8.15), At"Jtr(3.l), "J+tr(4.1), qalolg(5.5), 47lEJ+lg(8al 4.8),
clsl0l-J(5.8), 4+"1 tr="J(6.6), zJ+tr(8.15), :LE-J(10.9), 7tldtr
(10.3), =(5.15), rLjl+|71,^Jl-dtr7.17),
-J+|71, Etxl, +tr, ul=, E-Jal7l,
=.a1.^EP\(12.25),7J,jEa|1, ^llH,u=,
E+, +lEEol, a+ Lt^|, EE=01, -Lr+, EJ'Jt^l
.5E6ftrf.
^llH]|6ltf,4+=
r-dOil LHa17ftrl, q+, trlq+E q+, -H==E -EE^J "Jrl, 6l
Efl tl, + -FJol ge^ll9, 4fl8 gtf, 9+"J= q+, ^fl=
6ltl, ^l-==01=
^H6l|
LHtrf, d=0lE afcl, 7lLllol,S= =Eol=
Etl=71= ^dlt-J7ll q+ ^l
=J=E^ll^l=
^lall= ^lLHtrf, =olEal+, =tr|-,

96 Chapter 1 -4ColE
trl+ . ul*
aI--J trl+, +E= ffH9!7lrl-, +E0l '-J0f7l^l PJrl-, g=ql Hf=rl, q==g eJafdltt, +
Efl trl+ E=ol Tfafet+
E0l -pJrl-, dE -H.+xll, 4+ zJal, 4+ EtrllE=
^llz6frl,

cJ-il-

e.J, eg!, 7lE gtri, _a+!, r^f, -l.d, r"J af=, 7l+^1, Ea4, -=..t12J, Eolel, =Ell
olE, r]|E, Eel7,\f, E^11^1, E HJ-+, dHll, d8'J, +E^1, +ea, *=*, +r1l/
at^ll, q= HJe, 458,^l+€,
?+9, oJ^l.r.q,
"Je^], ^fe, E8 +9, IZ,
^lc^|,
^l-ds, ?+, 4r8, ill8zJ, "J+ rf=, -+r. ,^l-J, +r +^ll, -+71, -+Ll, -+8, -+8al
=e^1, ^lE
.Uf 6FIl -Hll
!. - E. T"rl
Ei-laEf, 'sal+, HJ:+6ftf, Hl|+tf, +#6ftl, gr-7ldltf, E+
=46ftf, =i+dltf,
6|-+, ql+61-trf, oJ-+6lrf, 4El6frl, T]+6ltf, =+6ltf, -'J46ftf/E-Et
5^t ^l4dltf,
=g6ftf, =Adftl,
4dttf
zgol Elrf, 4alql LlTfrl, LHrf, E^ll= Erf, HJef= Etrf, gE= "Jtt,
gEE= E,t.ldt|,l.l =+=/-+Hl=
4+^l7l= 6ltl, EL,tl/alEEl= At= Eftf, C8'J7ll
=el+, ^ll=6ttl,
r|1= "frl-, €4ol 9=rflc$olrl+, ,\1=sl4/-+8rfl4= Efrf, +goll uul^lEl, +goll E=i
gE
6ftl, +g= Il4r-dltl/Ef^ltl, /.IC 'Jal7l Lfstl, /.l:d /.l-d
=af7l-prf7q-uua;-,
EtllEgol^ltf, +-+,g=J= 6ftf, Af-+8os '$!!rf,
=4=
"J+ap;, ll-d=
=Hl6ltl, ^lC0ll +erf, +r :-J/.foll EtTf6ltl
+^ll HJE= Ert,
=Hl6frf, =7J^la;J/7lEJ^l--J= =4=
t++at
a+ +laf, t, Lf+tl, LJE|, E7/I|HI, EZ'J, E€, F9 qrl, #CaJ, ,\loJ, ,sLl,
gHJ, eJ, eJHl, "J/.lEEf, trEHJ, El|flE
^llzl4,

d7l6lrf. EEap;. ?lrf

=^4
+fl E.E= qEl. EHE= +q

Brt
7t|g^1, zJ-J 9JLll, E=J-e, uJ=J^lZ, EAal, Hl-^fal,8g trlEl, AEal, ,tlg, E"J
Eg, 3E )17J, oJ^|, g-+^1, =Tt^|,
ErHfl, +^ll E?|71, trll^qE, ueraJ, -+-il +^ll,
E^t
a;JLl 717J, EJ+d, al^l =g4,
7t|g6l-tf, 7}|al6ftl, gEdltrl, /.lAdftl, ?JLt|6ltl, Eal+, qlE6ftl, 3-E5ftrf, oJ86ltf,
E^l
+ol6frl, Tlgdftf, EtTfdltrl-, atHdftrf, +6l6ltrf
^|1E6ltrf, ^llgqrl-,
ald= Eotl, +EE TlgEltf, S=01 +Gl^ltt, +'J= tHtroltrf, t^l= E0ltrf, A7l=
sfl flofr1. trlEl= gtf. =d^t= ElH6ftl, U86ftrf
=ullol^lB

n/
v+vf, n] 6 =:
 Ed, E]|E, HH7l7l4, Hfl=aJ, tl€Hl, gEl|4l, gg6J4, 43,
86l|, TlAr olH, rl|7l9g,
+3 Zd^|, +Eeg, e== qal,'8d Eul, +715 3ual, Exle.
g, 6H+E d:*, EJegg, EJ,\l ^lE, ^1| , ^l+
H1|=6|-tr1., H=6|-trf, Hflal+, €Ef6ltrl, fll*alcl
71.8:^|ld|17l HJH6|]^1trl, 5qF= EHillollLJ^l= 7|i"J6ltrl, HH7l7l'\= H|i=6IEl, Hl
-JE^l/=al^El /.fE= ^l8o-ttr|.,
,gE|l4l= Ela.l6ltrl, ell7l= Eel6El, ollLl^l= EE6'|-tr|.,
=01tr|., ^
E.EI Ee ,qgg oltlEleJ+zl- q-al HH=Eltrf, 0l^l6lEJ49 H]|=aJ= "JaltE
=01tr|-,
EEdltrl, rlflE rt|EJ86ltrl, dzl 3=5 g0l =0lrl, rlae 4|E=
^l€= =0|trl, ^l-EE /.l#=
7flt+6|.tr1, tr{+$ €El eJrJ E^ll7l d46ltrl =trl,
=al+,

eg e+1, 3gtl, fl8, +e rr-q, dl|el

^lg ^l^f
Tlel?J= +d6',|-trf, Et|=01 Erl Ee= 6ftr|., /.fg =Jetoilu il=6|ttr|., /.tg$ ej86f
tl, /.lAf 3A+= ,J+tr[, =rl, g?_tp el$ottrl, d+= .J'J6ltl-, g+el E$dol
*Jcl^|trf, E=71= g"J6ltrl, ^!dE =E trJ+ :dll= o-ftl
EJE[|TI
=tr[,

Chapter 1 -4ColE
 t,Jqol Fl ^lg

ts €9ulE qzlq Eq ++'Jql €A6l= Eeg q+ "Jg **qq. ffi"i

E +"J+ 9Aqtrlel, E €AqtrlE qlel 4lEql qq "JolFH q€ E
^l+El
41 =}E €r{ +q+a + 9l+q4. ot4} 9r glgo} e €AqElEqq. +"J

+ g€qtrl= ql$r+ +Zl qlq$^l+.

) -zut
'-ALf $.ll rltg"l '-9.(?t, g)-'g € + 9le+ +dE *€ zltl '-d-'e
44 9++q+. + zlzJ o16E qF, tlq, ++61 +96l= + +4Hq
q. E^l= 'Erl + -(ol)4 +qEl. =zll=
1. '-ALf zl E+ o e aol== 4*
. LHge e+t b0l e4!+Lltrf.
. gg"J0ll 'Ja= ^lzLl gEl-E ELltrl.

++q= 4*
'-4L+'7F :
^JE tlHlqz+ E= tr-ql7l q= F zll oltlE €l
q +qq.
^l-= +gg
e-!l1Ll ?.71Ll dlq= E+6t|^l trl-.JgLltrl.
: Eel
i "J= EZLI =^l
Hgr-=
EZL; trt=EHe 6l^.lls..

-48
q€el FB€s *g +4qt= a+(+Bd"il
trtBrdl :4olloF
^ldg "J6lq
'-+71?, -(c-)+ 7l sJe+, dEB€g
^ldql 86lq
rqE *g +El4b {*zt
q4. qllq+ E€ o-=. #q+.
. E+ 0l= ,rE7lE 6fZ= .-F=q 7l== Lt EE + o^)A=71?
. t_Jel rf4-=. +lEZ= gEtLl +lq=7tl?
^f7l ^f^]olE

04 01f, .Eg | 99
) -4ulet
r. *9 .I+g qIC6lE^l FIE ^tdg'tE"Jg'+qBqq. *E ^tdq qql Fl
el .<|{z}zl 9lq^J q qq++= 49 "Jg ull +e +q+.
..1.= Ed6l gdf71r-lef 8=. 6l= gultr'l €== 7l+fltrf.
=of^l
. €=ol= EE=. qllsTlLlef rf=/'rlzl^l +6H,'.l oJ7l7l 6lItf.

2. ['tr]^l oJ6]tr], tr]^l €Bdtq, ZF F.€"14 Fql Eql FIE ^]dq tr-+91=
.I+g trt^l + H "J+g'lEl$qq.
.tf/.l -d E "JdfTlLlef 01fl nfl$ S9.-slLlrl.
.718'lEolTlLlef 9=g trrH=. ^l-dg ?J sJLltf.
=e^lE

fHoll

x -=ql, -(9)= uflel ul-il-

1. oltrl ELIA* zlrl "Jql qlql ololzlg ql= '-9lzqe{ €Ell= ^}+E}qq.
.:i "1,rj+t tfzlutet- tE- 4oF,<l +l-+ .jul-rl- 4 *e.71Fil't.
. HE'lz E"gprjzt Llel- *FLF 'J+ +r[{ul-zl "t"l- zlal fr"it'rr'
2. rll4q 9zl5 444azl g trI= ',-4.Aqe+ ^l+Elq+.
=
. EH++ql L 7l7il71uleF * ++ "t^J*l *,{^'l +*-tl+ +7iltLtL!-'
. +-"1+ Ea1.!- z/itr +l{:-lr-tsF 4z) )-Fol'tlA1 uiufzF'z tl z)o1t'y'

3. +H 29 '-4qE '-bull'E Hl+l € + 9l+q+.

=
rfal *J H "j+l-+rJl "l{ lzti aH4 t 3*f,r-f rf-.

l,l ciacter i "iColE

 EJEoI ffj ^lE

> _z=s
ql+q^J zt+ rlEqq. E= rt+"l E_s= 4.B= "Jg rI"J
^h&qlqq.
1. ol+ €E : El fflzl= €€Elqq.

7l Z^l= ?J qqe?
Ll rt|E E^.1= #Gl6l7j=e.
7l ?tt= 7lr.la_ sJGlg.?
elJ
Ll 9= "J7lqlHoll,\l HlTf SEfu -dz=_e..
gEl6q4. Bzl ololzl$
^tH-qrll ctr-= ^l+g 4l ^ls"B
olxll xll.rJ :
q4. ==
7t qalE, :+r.0ll^1 -d+cl "J617 | EHtrl7f ?lz=-e..
Ll flEle?
7l trf8 r-doll 7171=e_.
^l =oil
Lf rr|T9? et| r=l1l ,JTl7l 7t9?
zl "Jol gaqs.

N -zlE9. -Sotgel Hlf,

0l+ trB EH III= EJ?1, AE, rllpJ
a\
v
-71=s X
E== 0l+
== ^FJola\
-€019. X
ol.= ol+
== ^l=Jol

-
04 0l+l.Eg --
) -aq
t"J+ F^tq Eql "J6l= 4*ol rl +tr-ql^t ;<l4lE rJ4ol4 Ht* f; $ "J+trt
ag ul4 94b gaq"l9!4.
=
r. ['rJ4a]q, ++d]+, .H-+ FE €l^lq Eql "J6lb rlH.ol zl4l9 rJ4"l4
aql='J614,trt= 49 "lE "JC ql +qq. H +z}9 48ol zl4lE ^J4
=
"Jg'l4Bqq.
. rllTl 846lzrH 0l 7f8 trJ9l+Lltrl.
=^.101
. E4t6l.Ztt| +=7171+al "J= HJ6t|6|= Zl EB-sr.Lltrl.
^ll7f

['Ht+q, +q6]q, zl4at4 FE F^]q Eql "J6t= r]Bol HE ql+g Et

+4+ +q'*g'tElBqq.
. HlzfzEH 0lH EoJoll + EI -.H +d^l9.
. =J+6lzrH gee a+= Ec6l 6llj19.

lHOll
LE EI
'-6laql'= '-aql' E )^7lE 6}I '-aql'-=. )^7lE Elqq.
. +E+7JcH "Jg
=qZ +++ "t^J+t *F^{l-s.
. +J1!1 z1-zl {? +^lll-.
+eJ+,{
.lt^j1:Ll| gztzt zt"t "l*!^+ |fiJtzt s1r"i-a-.

1U2 Chapter 1 -"iColE

 EJEoI *q ^H

> -rJt
s ++"1 +4111= ^ldr+ Hlqq= 4*ol+ ++ Eb ar+rl "Jqtsg Llqts
q+.
. -r.= gC6l SFaPu 15 6lZ'J -d+"J= E
=6l|9.
. il01 Hurl^l € + g.ol9.
=zP =z"J

IE"J]
1. SEg "Jg +48 uX= 4z]9 '-91-'9,4^l^J '-9ta"J g #qq.
. +l tof LFTtLtzt4o! &++ e7t "jit'f.
^f
. +J+"lt L1o1L+ rlotz!"J +j+"lE +ra
^j **J't.

2. E4+ ++9 9ulE +49 ql= '-44"J g +q+.

o E eF
'jrl-.a. *pu/ r E oj"t d."tts-.
cl- +4I7JEJ
o .r-a1 fal+fl2{. vt"i t}.!+[\-t]oJ ol-z.l rzt ifolf u;cg-.

3. '-4"J3 '-xl"J o-e. Et+J €+ glsq. gql{e-sb '-zloJ€ uJ E*o'l

+qq.
. :i "t+ "t^J*t +l7t I *l,7f uJ ./,jzrzt Ez 1.rr.
. *J+o{l Llolu1.,<jojzt"I *J+ujf, *t-rt **J't.
^f

04 olel'EH ]03
I

> -41
1
r. 44.4
o --1 --1 €€olul

[F^], 'gl+/$.+ 4"lql * €ol g, €ql ql+ +zl, zli Fol €g +4ts
91
q+. '-6lE+l -g + 9lE+, -AlE E + Ll4tsqq.
. tl+=rl g74l q= + ?l1l rl^l-= -Fjol 'J=rf.
. +E-J0l z]|,l.l^l .pJZl IEEE HJ-g.e
=clrJtl.
, -H-a4 €€{ul
e t54r= L|EILH= Efl Floil^l '-zl 6frf, -7.11
trJErf'q eol 4olcll '/.|.5'=
LfElLJLltf. '+7f +A= 6fE= /.lTltf' ol LfEfLJLirf.
==
l
. qqLl= LHT| q= rH+El trlol-L.= 6ldtrl.
^lZl
. rl+= g0f^1 7l+elzl -dtrf.

@t'-Al dlrf, -zl "J=rf'el E_e 4 olcll ral-d .saoil 0l=zl EJ= LlEfLJLltf.
. Eal1l 6H,t.l trl?J-slLltf.
. Ll= 01.+l^l= 7laa711 d|l Eal-L #Htrl..

a 1'-u1l _Elrf'o; E_E /.^olGll ral-d atgql olEzl EJ= LfElLJLlrf.

. El^l7f E= =Jzl E_lflz=e.
. +=lzl Elflrf.
=01

s. Frl4 zlb
o "Jat= olTf raldlrfz 84-st= LfEfLJLlrf. '-tftr'el == LlElLJLltf.
. +g0l= ,\f=J== TlEJl qz+.
. Llol= qol 'J++ olLH7l 46idfZl -t4T]Ll.

Chapter 1 -4ColE
 @ tEEIlLl laololl €E, gll= LfElLJLltrl. '-L 8eHe.', l-t €-EE'
^lS,\l0ll
E *g LfElLJLlrl.
. Ll= exl 8lltrl.
. Eol ==
+^lzl +e= -J.

t"J6lts olel EJ.J= r-1-e[q{5 EE EE^FOll Eq 4 olGl] '-L

LlEfLJLlrl.
^ld= "J6fE'9
=g
'tsaJzlE +oJolE ggol +q egtEf.
. +g^aJzlE ol 7l^t= /.tdol olLlEf.

['+rll'Jrf, 5el +84?l EtE= LlElL}|b "Joll l 0lol] "JE LHEoll

^H+S,rf' LtEtLJLltl. '-AlE' sl LfElLJLltl.
E|{'6|J "J6lE 0l7l
=EIEEJ6H:BI= ==
.
=trJ =A?Lt.
. ^l|+fi,21, E"J= TftrlLll
^l^f6lzl

4. +4 9"19 *H
@ '-= + ?lE='el
=
=^l =
"|-J01 'J=ol, qzl ^laJol q= + 9tzl.

@ "Jsl L]|Eoll r]|aH trJolE 0l7f "Jg E',U== LlEl'LJLltrf.

=trlg6ltl= =01
Dh. +il6fzl.
=7lrl

> _4t#
Hql s= €|4ol+ tqlql q+ +s, ol+, aa"l €g +4Bq+.
. +E'Jol ?Jd6fZl= "J#Eadq.
. LI|TI gpl6fZlE flEE= 6l| +^ile.
. eoil,tl=e=
EaTl=o| g + glXlE Dll,-e;l4l:stlltrl.

.105
04 ol+l 'EE |
) --2. tHxl
L * +elg 4€-"l Fl E+el e+lE 6lb H zlxl olg + 6lq.Jg +4tsqq.
.IH:+7lE ,'t.l4:ltz 6H,\l -?t+cl 8+= /.lAl:iltrf.
. LHTI doll^l "JEOlr. 6H,\l qqLl= Er. ?ltf.
=
2. 1'-a -z 6ll^J'9 +csE jlql Fl +tlE q+l= 6l= ql €4 zlzl olfrzt 9l
4,zl"J f+ F zlzl o14-E ol+= +gg ql #qq.
. +|_JE 9,rl_L Eoll s.z ag,r1 Ttrl eJGl.?.
=4E ^l80ll
. Hl|E _trE_tr EE n;-=7 6H,'.l dltrJ 9E E#l H+gE LfrJtrl.

> -_;7tr
*E ^ldol+ yaql tr-Hlqz+ E += +€ol olqdg +qBq+.
. a=7ll Llr.E oEl €d=
=ol
. €3ol= g= E^lr=. r4fl3 = ^laJ+.
?J=Ef.
^l^l

IHOll
LE EI
'--E.E-' *q= r+rl= +4{1='-9t-' ol4 tr14= qEl.ll='-fl.-'+ ag q
trl= € + fl+qq.
. :f ^l++ *l--zr.
^Fzl+f-zf if"J't.(O)
. : i ^t+ +tol.r- E
^F!.|-+Frl if "JLF.(X)
. :f ErJLFrr "/ef*Pzl if ? zlolrP.(Q)
. :f rr1u1-zf[ar "Jzf*prf if ? zlolr;-.(N)

:% Chapter 1 -"lColE
 EJ*4olt+
^lq

--il^J
F 7]| "l{lE E"4ol ^l7J4"J +^JE gq$g +r}$qq.
1.
^lzlzlsE d€61= F+ol {xl ea +6.il "Jq\} F4"l F4€"1
q= A
+'-J.'e| qlile-
'--tr +^J'E + g+qq.
. += llr^l
"J= Eolat.
. +Eol7l ttJLla,(l +alE tElt-Jtrt.

2. dq €.4E tlEll+ Aalzl #zlqH^J +B Eo4ol 4ldEg +4Lll= A+

. +zE T[HJ= EAj1 'Jqg.
.i.E= flL/.l -dtrl.
=trlr
€el zllg Eo4ol "lqzlb a+ql=
._-tril'=
sg €.4q= .-r'oJg t!r. ulzJq 5
4q"J #q4.
a

. €4= 6lI. EaH= 6f-r.].^l +lg+Lltt.

04 olF{'EH
> --r-^t
'-(g-)q-It E 4^lzloJ E€. +E €€. "Jq+ Fql AEqq.
=.
1. '-a^l al4 zt 6l+E s€eE a"lb Z*
. lLl 5?J -d=cl= H|.|+I^I -ctLltrl.
^l=
. olH €-Joll a:doll
:stLltrl.
=ol.7fl.^l.

2. '-azl + r+e €i^r I a+

. rl+oll4l +z^l 44=
. 94 gq+r^l gul ^taLl+.
ElLltf.
. -d+Gl= HH+-I-^| -d=oll sJ+Lltl.

N -(9)el. -(9)ei], -rrtE Hlr

E
+loil e= Efl Hl+l€+91=Efl
0lE5^l '-(e)alr" '-r^f'
-(o)a1 -gxl
(7lrl-,etrl €i)
_(e)a1.r. O 6ltl '-(o)el'e Hl+l €+ g.tf.
elE, 4lEl
-u^[ @ rfE 5^t

-elIE Hlil
N -.trIt,
olEg zle g"lq^J a-9-+ '-E.z',= 'EE 9 9"1€ +Et'ilq # A4zl
qlE= f6t=
9l= 4E= -E-qlqB '-a^Y +417t 4dztolr 4+zl?l
=
{eE -B"Jqq. '61+ e+ a'Jg trl 'a7Y = "JeoJ +"JE *ol
^q9l=
ql^lE itol= -ELEqr+.

. olH q=ql +71= 7lt1a-:stLltf.

- ol "Je a=J^l(-371= Tfala) g46l.a ?ltrl=
=gLltf.
. olfl q=ql :+71= 7la^l:stLltrf.
7la^l) e5=
- ol "J3 r.ltr4ee r=l4l 6fa1r.(+7f
+ldf'2Jttrl.=
= =g
Llrf.

* relLt "l=E ^lol= =zl g:cq A"Jql^l +gol +a6lzl 9*zl 4E9l
'qy' 7l F+ol 4oll fl+qq.

-aQ lhanlor 1-"-!4l0lF

! vr ruY!vr
-
 €I*4ol t+| ^lE

-rl=4H
a19- El d4E **q4. cJ zlB4ql 4E *+Et= 9"l9qq.
. 6H q q :d= 6[7 l=71'J +Lt| q :.JE F:a{q9.
. 8+61"7 l=71 LJ trr."J ttolg.
. Etl7l7l=4LJ 6f+ Eoll'J 9lgol9.
=g

N -LE Eqq. -71=71'"iel Hlf,

trl= "J
_g
-Ls.'Jcl -JE6l -g + 91trf. + ?l= ,iolrl.
-zliz1u4 BEal -g + g.tf. trl 7lE!4oJ oJE -g + flE+.

> -7lql
1. tr-q-4 "J ol,?E Ll4ql= a+
o ntl '-oll'el elEl 01ff= LfEfLH= 3+ef
'J3 5e-qe 3+gLltf.
= ^FEEI=
@ detrel +q= +E 2,3?]e= #Llrf.
O +gtrql= EaJEaf 8+E= ^ E+Lltf.
^l
/.l.soltrl '-fi,(9t/g)-" '-a-' #Llrf.
@
=
€) +clillE= '-zaH'= #Llrf.
@ '-t I ttt|Eoll'oll Hl6tq 0l+= LfElLJol 4x1l-g + fl+Lltf.
= =Edfq
. olts+q 7ltsol LfTloll E= EHG|9.
. 'Jol 4=J6f7loll -d H tt+Lltrf.
^lul

2. 7l+ol qril 6l= A+

O 54l=/.f 6 fr trJ -st-sF Ll tl.
@ e.a,tf '-='ol =FE= + 9l#Llrf.
@ +gtrsl + fl= a= g+ $EHE,l.l '$rf, q'uutf, =.trf, Hfuual,
4.J6ltf,
^l+5^le =
++6ltl-, e-l+dftrf, Ililtl'
=tri, =gLlrl.
e= +8=3 loll HIE
Eoll^l av?tl trl

04 olF4 'Eg
3. t'J+E aol= 4*
o EI,I.I '-='ol 'tE= + flaLlrh.
grf'el q=4 Atg+=
trJE= L|EILH= E THel '846ftf, Hrh.
@
=,,.h, =tf,
€€aLl+.
..JCol E.Tloll ol ge ++el E="JLp7l?
.IllTf "JTloll= agol= ++-d ,\laJoJLlEf.

N -4E, -uE, -7lql, -'Jqlel Elf,

'A€s.g"Jg LtEt.I+ fl'J"14 +4ql= '-EE, -7lql' -a4'
sorlb 94 olol qd+ "Je ql49b rt€9
=A= dr Flql fe+
=q^l =AE qq"J j!"Jqq'
qlHq= rldol 9g + S.trt= ag "JE}

. 1OEolE ?Jc= E-dE-l 6171E olE/l E6l7l ?t'z^Jlolg.?

. U.Jol71= olcHe :'J e + Ettrf.

=E+9
> -r=elE
tF^lq Eql ,i+4_e_tr +zl+ qH Bflzt += q€ tl+g fl"Jol4
=dol
€g ++r]]= gAq"l"Jul4.
1. qH Btlol+ tr-EH= zl4al44 *zla1r| -u_H r+= qtr tr-+g "*ril q4+
9tr t4zl Eg +Eltsq+.
.5E6l g Lfoll ?lra1.E nl30l trLf6HTltrf.
. Eddl lfLalE €3 -JE. ?lrj!^|.

2. '-4(zD EH'r+ Hli+ H +El4=rll, :zgl ul6l ql^q$ y4+ 6q+.

.4E6l g Ltoll ?trf(71-) _EE trf:ol rJ?JallT]cf.
'Edal €+(7f) _ElE -JE ?tarl.
=3

) --u1 (rtetel)
tt.^t 9zl"l4 'gl+, ,s,+ qul ylql Eql g- r}€r"14 q+lEElL il+?-l Fl
t*ol4 4?lzl q +€.g +Et,{= €Aq"lgri4.
1. * tr-+"14 €9letrt= Fl tl+ol4 €9lzl xl4r-l q ++g +4tsq+. Fl
t*"14 BflE 'J6l= rl*"1 :4 4 .9-+6lrll ^846txl ?*b ?gzl E+eq.
,olgl' zi+ jrEqq.
Hql +^lq T+4'4
=.ol
.01=l4l C=11 += Zl Lltf.
^fafal
. 4€"J ^lL-Ll
6fl 9,11-1-l + ,tlflo'l
o|0l
=^fll =q=A+.
2. l'-vq"J *61+ +CeE 4ql il+q +l rJ*ol4 Bflzl q ++g zlzxl
q +Eltsq+.
. ol=rzl :d=zl/.f= ag +!Ll.J
. 4€'J 6fr 9l= aA + =afrf. Falrf.
=^f ^lfldl =Gl=lLl"J
IE"J]
a^t 'tr.trf 4 Ee '-eqtr-q +
7t46lq A7lo1l 4^l .i "l
1. '-Lq'
=
E9 '-gqtrqH g €;= :'lfqq'
t'l t-lzflct '
cf E ujrl-el ?!++F! Lle-'F(b) tl'al-al E"l 4

2.'-= Htql'E Hl++ gultr. 4gqq.

rf f ujzl'el 7!+*j- ul-"11 lFaFal E*r 4 tl rlzfi*t'

> -L-"}J-
*E "Jg 6l=ql
rlzlol aBqq. -f4^l +19 Aalzl ^8'ZJqq.

.9€ 6l.t-zfl Erl

=6H9'
. ,JE ^l:d8+= 6lL- afl Hhu,$tolg.
. grfT[=Hl=
ohol= -H.L-al-I 6f+ +l^l
. ol/.l6fl-alr €c0l s.ole-.
=g =='t|9'

>-= zjgl
cq F4g6t=TlqqlE}41+4F4g+q=Fg+EtBqq.g4Eq4e
atts rll 919tr1= gol"Jqq'
d4 F4g
trJLfa TfoFritol9
. qTwl^l I Aoll ri+=
. +g +al= ofts aql Et8€s. ldqe.

fHoll
L= EI r]ql'= aEq
'-= aql'= ol€iel 9"lE +Et'll= E^t"J + + 9le't -z
1 g+ 9ltsE"4F^1tr q ++ *+qq'
^f
 EJ+ol iEl ^H

_= HleJql

EF4oil +Z6lq. 4&:z €6J-e-E +4€"ll^J qE a47l ++-q ++Bq

. =flu] olq ++E q+e ql+E +44Eqq.

. HlHol lllXl += HfaJoll trtEol trf 'Jo|iltrf.

. dSHTill,\1 trlE LH,\I= HlaJoll E,\I =JEJ:iIqg.

=tql
=
I+E '-= Rql', '-b RsE , '-= *"14 +Cse Aql S 4*"1 H9
+d4"J €r;"l ^Ja\l g"Jolr+ ztS"Jg +q$qq.
. EZolE| "Jal^l -eJ= Eloll trl^l7l olal?1fitr|.
.0f0l7f 7la1 q= EJoll €01 illrl g+Lltrl.
=4=
r+rl9 ++g'Jg qb $^tql '-g ft g +tltrt.
hol "|-J01 a EJoll +loll e + g,g,+Lltrl.
ol++ g91g +4U+= €ql^J= '-71 {|g q 9ulz| $l|$q+. fqLt
'-71 qg ? Aalzl +4+ +e A+ E+ € + 9= HlE, '-= R e +e
Atlzl g a+q"J € + 9q '-= €Lql'Lt '-= El+ql' el 4E ae 9"19
qq.
Aalzt +e a+ql= '-= 9B9l/ol4 +q+.
€^t+ qlB^lql. gu "l ulE Ets a+E=g+qq.
. 8El Ejoll .Jtrf.
=+7t
. E,/\|El| EJ.g.-e trfd,trl.
",.J=
^FJoI

04 ol+.1 'EH I I 13
> -trt7t
1. q€ €+l+ r;4zl 5r+qr += fl+lq tlQE Ht€g'tqBqq.
. olill= HlTl eL7l olxllts 8tl.
=ol
. 61.=0l E+tl7f A^2 | aalAr;.
. LHoJ oldoll qloll 7;LVl gafzJoll 7l.alr. 6H9.

2. *d e+1.+ rJ4zl Flq Eqzl= +azt"J tl+9 9"Jol4 =A7l Eg +Et

ts,1trt.

. +Eol7f +el6l.tl.7f Eol 'JGl.

=+
. zl+g 6frf7l z3E ,tfI.E LHr "J?ttrl.

3. t+'-4zl -4zl:'l+ I +CeE 4ql + 7l^\ oltr-E 4dol Haol "Jq

Bs +4tsqq.
. aE4?l ?rltrl gal= -EE l, 3Ll7l 3ri7f -dtr[.
. Eolal fl+7f g,Ll7 l.= 710F.
\

4. tF^tq Eq '-4zl -*zY e-l +Cg-E 4ql q9l9 zl+g F4 'ZJ4Bg

Ll

4tsqq.
. ofrl.Tl 6lLl7l olxllts 7l^aJalll6lLl?
. Ll ee -zd8ol= E:lTl lE,lTl
^lEolEt.

i?-e '-4zl *6lq' TCge 4ql qB €+l+ ^J4zt +q 96ll rag

q
5.
ol^J l?zlg + s+g +ElBq+.
. H1.1Tf lurf olEtl.
=dH
. €gol7l EttiTf *dH EE= EIEaJ+.

Chapter 1 -"jAOlE
 6. t$^lql €q'-4zl E_l(zl),, ,-tr171 BH' *dge Aql qtr qfl= 6t=
r+€q^J z4l$41q|+
^llE+ ^ldg ^]]eg tlqE Eg +qtsq+.
. -r. 0H7l= trl7f r-Jrl.
. =Lpl
ilLfrfTl HLptl €01
^f+PJ =9q9.

IEg]
1. .JHlzls_E S-++r+ il Etlel +q4 gol"t Elq+.
2. +B r, 29 '-4zY E r 9"lE zlaalzJ floN '-4zlb' ol+ r ,-
4zl ge + + 9l+q4. :4r '-+Zf e '-Ef eE q €="J?l
+ 9l+
q+. =q
3. +H 6E '-4zl E-iQ\)' , '-4zl BH' l1 Hl*+ E€ o -=. '-tr Eq @l), .
'-tr EH'ol gbcll, r egE 4cql adol +ol= ,_4zl E_l(zl), , ,_
4zl -H.H'r+ E-q '-r Eq Q4)' , ,-tr EH.'3 :z e+lE "l+ +g ar+ql
q adol +Eqq.
o3 ,<fzf,ef oloFzf E Erfzf Eul tF+"1 "ttltz1 {ct.
oI .efaf,el of oFTf E Et Eu1 tF+"1 of *f{7f Ejief.

I -ulz| _H-{
,cd€.^le+
F^|ql €q
ae d+i= a,l4+ r+lfl t1-4E lt€g dxll-E +qH
+B€4 ae gol CA+ Fg ++tsq+.
=
. td= dftfTl HE /.lr= 'J rr|lTf gtclg.
. rl+=dl-r. €ufiol rrJ=rf _EE l.lz 7l-! E=rf.
=

tEsl
x -trt(71) _H_s, -c|(z[) Eu]el ul:z
'-4QD !-H'e gtr dzll4 TlCql ql+ "JHl4e arp 'J6l= 4"lr
'-4(zD Erl'= clxl4 +qq Z]"J4"J AEg "J6l-= 4*zl F++q+.

ga ole .--
> -utztts
4+ a4= 4d6lz+ aJ.6J.ltrl. ('trlzl - '-4zlH
44611^J
=trJ)
L * +tlg e5g qel H 6tE +g 44zl ^dzJzlE r-E4r ++-Jq+.
. r=1)11=tl7f= /.l:-Jollll 'Scltr EJlEll".....
. /.f=J= -Fjol ELlTl= 0l7l- 4E 7lql9.
. ^1=JZl
=JHH= Zl+ trl?rl7J 7J?Jol LIHH|E 7lql9..

z. * +elg qFg i{g "I Fl +tE 44zl "JH}4SE +4Bqr+.

. += nl^l-z Scafrlzf= ,\fr.7f Llg..
. gEf-"tEll ZIJ"JE a;r].23 0F-J"+o|.9.
^f+
. 5=EE 6ftlz ,Jgoll 7f9.

N -QztE, -q HE, -q Hq(zt)el Hlf,

g ESq g a ESel EH:d El|E
=at =aloil qld
-tr171= qai tr 913(HJE) 9J-9 t4 ,tl
+E
=^l ,JaE =aE
=!l

-c1 -H.E
4O
5 L
2l-:1L
d-tt ClN|6lq "J--J
-rf.olotnl
L-: Ei tt^vl
olo/Tl-4.\
aE\z'l-l
?J= LIEILJ "J--J
-El HLI(7rl)
=^l =rl =al=

> -ctutts
1. q€ rl€"l4.ll+g "J46}H^J rql Hlqlq= rlls"g't€q'Jg ql +'1trt.

. Lll il^l= gfEf'zAltftrl.= LHT; Eq= +71- H.+L'.

. dol of+ +4 --Jtroll= ?J += 7j'J+Ll.
=tlnf=
2.'-4otHg '-trloJ oE€q €+ 9l+tJ+.
. Lll ?J+A+"J LHT| Eel= +7f H.+Lf.
^1^l=
. dol of+ ?al eEoll= "J "+= A ,J+Ll.
=rf'J

_ 1-zcIe. 1 -"-ldolE
 cJEol+l
^lE

EF "Jg Ell"J A=Ell, dg

^lH-= ^lolq^J=
+ 471 ?+eq 9,^l+olr+ +
9ot El qtr-qlr{l= € + S+q+.
. 0lsl^1, 0l ZEe Ll+ HlELltrf.(x)
.0l+ftlLl. 0l g43=trfElts
"J?ttrlEf=
trJ+LlEl.(x)
=

> _ctE
L €qd+ 99 zlC : "J*4 .Hl+4e+ gq+= "Jql 4H 9€4zl ?*+qq.
. "Je+ =JEEJTIE ,\lr^1lol9..
=floll ^f=
. oJg El^foll.tl ATI-drfE -d='JZl9.
. oJqt r4E rl gl=rfE gal +^119.
=
. "J"J -=.=E a0l 9ltrlE trEal,tllg.

g"J, ul+ : '-r+H €4l+ b '-(s)B +4+ Btr} d€ 7l+Col 4+q+.

@ x;1o; a1o3
. olH gf+ q qgz+E
^l=
. Lf= LllLJoll +l^l-drlE =x,!cls.
=Alol.

rh= pflzl-b€q +4ls,"l €€ '-r+H +4+ E r^

Hfaf= ztr :
^faJoilzl
+ 4?zl 9l+qu|. :. ol+= '-(s)H +4+ Etrt '-qH +4+ 7l
+Bg
=+
+;<l ?+r "J6l= ^lfl.E ^J4g +EH4l .*€6171 qlEE
^lg.q4l
qq.
. trl+ E+6t| +UtfE
. 84= .J7l^l ?Jr +=r^l!ALl+.
=+lrl-E
. tl+sf ,t.lol=Zl =Aqs-
^lL.ItrlE =r,JtGlg.
) -r[lu]
'zE d€ F4+ ?ol'g FsE 2"144 xllg-"Jg +4tsqq.
1. '49 g.E €lztr+ ?ol'9 Fg-s aol= 4*
. +4= uf+rl^ltrl El9= :dtr|..
. €EH_+ +Eolel d3 zel trJdfrf^ltrl 6lHrl.
^fg
2. 4^l7l olul o$ 9= ^ldg 4l9"Jolb +^F9 a+
. E.rt^lnl, 9=3 +!E E g.trf.
.0lEl 0f^lrl^|tr|. =E /.l€01 ?J+LlEf.
^l=3 =47lgol =^l

> -trJLl
r+ze+ €xllEHlr. r+4E g ql+ql "Jq\r a+. sFl Eelq= "J6l= rlH-"I
zld E rlot 6Jqq. * Etr-+ Fl +1}g +q7l a+q+. EF g} EtE
^ld.g ol
+qq 'q= ^l# S!4. '-trJq'= '-91/9.qq'E Hlg + $.+qq.
L 4ze+ €zll9 HqE Elr. : '-brll'-e Etg + 9l+.1+.
./.l--J 7l?J011= E^luJoll /.FJoI .PJtlLl ll:-Jol ELlLlzl 4q*Glg.
. z;xl7l "JtlLl ?J Et|?lg.
^l3oll= ^l=3

x -tr1q. -=E-llE Hlf,

gE8 +l E8 "st=,^.leJol Elc n? L?J7i
-trjLl al71 g EE|Erl Ll.=el g o
-=Ell at71, E^t|, EA[| rlz, E^t|, Ela|] f.I'tol9
ouuE
q4= 4ol +4.alqq e_=e re4 g*ots.
(+tflH ;}+g ^J46ttr^J €z|el
HlI. Lllzl {d ts-it$)
"lxllb 4"1 +d.iRbrll e53:Bzl ?*ots.
(++q +d-9lH Elr)
^ldr+ €xll=

Chapter 1 -"iColE
 2. +AE .J trllEql +Elt 44: '-ot/9^J's Hlg + gl+'l+.
. rl+7f ,\l-d8+= Edal 6frlLl 1E= :ilGls.
. Gl= trH+El lzl]= ^lcoll^1
7l+71 llols.
=0f6frlLl

N -clH, -ot/q^l(ol+)E HIE

"J6l= ltaJol =Itr EL t-2. 4

-trlLl(=rl) Fl ESel
-otloj^l(ol3) g E:tel =71-
0l+ Il-ztol
ouuE
o

* qg q+q r-4= +ol6lq I zlizl sqs.

(g +tF ,t4. qB rll €otgl'J qg ql E+g zld ElteJ
* qg ql r=4= ^ldg ^J4.
zlizl sqs.
(fl Etl 7t4. zlizl
=:o}6ll^J
€ "lfzl r-4= +olql^J"J. qg qlE E+g zl
d Ezl 9+9tqE +r++) -l

7
:
1-cJelE /
de€$ +ol 7l4Z 6lqE +q€q^J= d$€E 714+ tlHl€g +Qlll= €
Eq
.,
€ol"l 4. t>

. AVI Lf tl-fE Etollle..

. ErllTf ttlefE E €4dt|,\l El|EJ6ld,\l9.

-+oll
.K
-qefE, -q/ot/qE-el El_il.

'-trJ+E ql El6ll^J +q zl44ol4 d€ zlbc"l 4^}J!4.

='-q/ol/qE
-tr1atE ol/0t/qE
. | t-lLlafE 6f^119.
0H7 l617 .0H71= 6f7l AIGIE 611119.
. +E0l= trJLfLjaiE oHTl= $ -g 71q19 . +Eol=
"JLIE oHTl=
oJ g 7iqle.
. oltrJ= T|tlafE Zrl= E= zlqle . 0l"J= 7lE A^l= qE 7lqle.

U-/ r-ts
^ ^l=l =-
==
> -E+
oJ6l
1. S+ : +EHrll "JElq+. +C4ee "J6lzl ?++q+. F^l Flql Sqq'
gzlE rlae-qq. Etq^l '--Eq g ^8q6llE t+s.+']trt.
= ^l+g
.4E6l 6l-E= 6f^119.(6861 6f^lle)
?J-E=("JE=) dl.d^le'(+goll El.d^le)
. +g =^l
. oJee^lZoll =^l
EH"J 3E-6|-E+ -g zqlg.(gee 0t|oJ A5-g Tlqle)
. trJLlE= 51.^1..(^f+ "JLf^l)
^l'+

2.
^17J,
cE : -(9) e u\ttfzl, -(g)= {EE
.10^lTl ElE+ +€=ol +r-oll 9^l ?J?t+Lltf.(lo^l7f EJ ttHT/l^l)
. ,\l-d c-Joll HJI|]E= B+fl#Lltl.('J0l € ttt|zl^l)
. d= nlu 3LJOI 4^lol s.cl^l +E-Jol 4€6Wq9.(^l-J ttHT/l^l)
^l ^lLfE+
6tqa +^l(FlE E^|= +t]J)
^l7l= a),
3. -41 : r-+41
^l+(El= ^l+qlrll
e : '-E+'g E+ '-Al' l El+l € + gl+qq.
^f=
. +E-Jg Lt|Tl -d+o1lll 8+6 lE+ +6ld.Gl 9.. (3+6 l1l)
-:l
. gEl-7f ufollzll +trloll^l ++= eE= 6ld.cle.(^1. ezl)
^1.
g]E+
. dSHg Et|"J -+8=01 6fdLltr.l..(^q= ?1zl)
^!=

€) + f E-d : F^t *ql^l F^l-= +4l4s.E €€-Jqq.

'-E+'g EF '-
zl'E Ht+l € + el+qq.
. €+61.^l .gJE+ ncal,tllg.(€+6f^l ?J1l)
. e++= qqqelrl ?J-EE E4oll 4aLl+.(q0lqal^l ?Jzl)
. olTA E + ?iE+ h+-sr.Lltl..(olzl € + gtll)
^lZ=

--: ChaPter 1 -"iColE

 Eh,tolt+f ^E

-Ezl
1. 1=xl' zl '4xl olEzl s4ls,ol'sl
*ss 4"J q= * H +g Hl+g"l at"l
b A+= E+6lr Hql ?ql'= Eq :'J9 gulE A4g + gl+LlEt.
. +lGl
7l=^l z0ll gl=trl.
. +E0l7f =Gl7l=rl =rl=
#olal=rl zoil dE= +gtrt.
=0f6f=^l
Exl'zl €z]* 94 zll 7l+Ell^J 9- a1+E dqclqE +%}oltrt| Fc-s
4"J q gq + +q= Hlqlel 9"lE +4Bqq.
.7f=Il 9=I1"."'
. LJ=^l 4=^1......
.l "J=I|".."
=Xl
. _H.=Il "J=I|......

:=xl'!- t€9ul +, zf e+ a'Jq9 A"lzls Elul4. ol A+= '...tr

'tr},
(4, zDol+ ql^J '...tr sli rl +E€ €EIEq{.

e= 9.al=rl LH"J eel=^l ++ oH7l7 | ?t= Zgt.

-Fol
1. s €ol *61= ql+4H a €E fqElg +4Bqq. '-6-l= 4+ TJol'E F
s +4Bq+.
.,,'.FJEftrl g=01 rl==01 LfelEltrf E#= trf
=trf.
. goll^lE 0H7l:d=o1 3JI.= oft-;-o; ql=o1trf.

2. Elif, ulla|{ 'Jg r{ j!Eq+.

^ldg
.'sol Hl 9=ol +olTltrf.
. ol Er=ol +l^1_E HJrl= *= + s.gtrt.

04 01f,-EE t2l
> -ot/q F4 zlzljl_
f
c68€9 q9l= 4q fag -E-+6tr-, s.= zlqa ++q +4€E
q9l= +
g +4tsqq. E"Jql Ft"l +qq.
oJ + a 4+= EltsoE +4
1. tr4tr^te+ aE}g 4= A+ : d4€9 4+l=
€9 €flzt olF"leg L|QBqq.
. E^l= 7f^11 +illEql --lgGlg.
^rl
. E^l= Ll+ -Fjol 6H 71.^lI- -J?,tcl9-.

rHol'l

N -ol/ot€ zlzla-, -ol/ot/€utzfel ul-n-

'-ol/ot/€ izY Y d4€E 4+le+ +q€E 49lzt '/+7+
q= *ql^l "l+
olxlxl"J, '"1/ol/€ zlzlt tA d+E F"l $.+qq.
=
2. /*qlF^te+ aB4= 4* : E+E *-Btrt= dqeg r}4zt +eeq €o&-g
+z A+rt E++qq.
::Iolg.
. l+lol +?l 7f^la of+ gE =
. C€-Jal. €01 7l^la -,llcl^l7l #fi.aLl+.
=cl

> -ot/q/qwt)
t\-"e ggd ar+€ zlzla
1. "J€+ el4ql^l dqeE €glzl "l+qzlt-,
olE z}iq^J +qeE e+l= 4= ag oJoJqq.
^11

. oJ+= ;.frl.Tf qSol9..

. 4rllE 6Htl.7l Cg-J7fl| EaJq9'

+^l= +4'll= '-q l'e+ tsl** 4 7J'i]riJ, '-94zlj E A+= ce€r+ +

68e"1 "Jq+= *a,lzl trtea, '-q^J'= F4ol gqq= tAE
zllEg +
zl ?++qq.

'aa /'nanror 1 -"-!Al0l=

LL
 EJEoI #4 ^lE

-ot/q/q^l rfl7.l
'd68€ q+ql +q€r+ ,Je 4+4 )IAE+a +Cg + $,zl'J E *€ +4H
Ll+.
. "J= qq^l :.aJIl trr'01 el.g..
.30E0lLl 7l+e1^i raJrl 6fl01= EzJ -s]71 Ll ?lHtrl.

-ot/q/qoF
g€€+ a+€ql= irxl 9++q+. g4olq AEql ql+ -E€ol 13+qq.
t d4eE B+lc. E= 3l^+q ggzl aa"Jg r+4Bqq.
. -d+"J= g0l0F :d+oll^l E7l7l Eafxls.
. El,'\l= EloF +Eoll LJ+Lltrt.
=^l
+B€q q+ Hlqt
^l€g 4doe. d+ a+qtE € + 9l+q4. ol4l9l=
rlt9ul '-9/91/9.-'4 ?ol € + 9l+qq.
. HlTl ?J eJqoF 4E=
'J= EJlEllg.
. A+EJ= E 6t|0F +l^l= -=f EJlEll.

'-9/"t/€oF 6€€9"1 '-zl'+ '9_4'9 i$ zl4. ztl '-"J r+ aEl6t

= Elqq.
q € q ,J* E€€
. "Ja1z1 E+= 6t|oF^l "J== LE # ?lqs.
.If+ "JLlot"J €ol
=q9.

04 olel'Eg 1123
4. g€zl ';.glC
g zlzla-?^Jt4l z|{rNs-, ar}= o}+ 4+ol $."1 Eg +
4Bqq. '-ol/ol/€E, -9/ol/€ R{i I F-9-E 4Eq+.
. of+al ofslrlts nEE ?J 6ttitf.
=atoF
. €rl6f4l goloF gof+= lf-Je of+E fi.= 'zioltrf.

5. eqd '-9.1*l9.9oF 9 €qE 4tr "JHl4 44zl otH +4 A+ql

^l4lE
ql+ +El= LtElBqr+.
. Etl zTl= ggtGloF :E7l0ll E= "JZeIE EJlElle.
. Elal qF+= =gIGloF 9= trJ-J + ?,t9.= ,ioltrf.

> -*,BJHclq
slxte+ Aizl E'J6J
a+ql= olx| x|4lol 44 4 4714+l= Eol4^] qt4= 4ol Eq+.
. qF= qflrlq rf Lf?t019.
.8g +6f 7fE= E'^ItlLl .ztrJth= dElTf eJole'

tEgl
dq€E a4zl s"Ja"J ql= *zlzl:-.r.|frol 6l= +49 $e= E-a a4
Eg "J6t= aEqq.
. t['t Lt uj g zFrll*t *F4.1-.
^l+ E ^J^E ^1"J
r ul{7F i+ +A'tLl .s+ E Bt+E |*t't't'.

124 Chapter 1 -"iColE

 I

-'t l

> -*,l9J9,trJEtH
+Aq 'll+d-, r+rlq SEg ^ldg qtl6lq +q6l= A+el +B^HAI ^84
6l= A+ + 7l^lzl 9lfrJ4.
r. SElHll ^J461= 4* : reril qtldlzl ?+9teH +e A4zl 4*€ €lull
re|l 6lz1 9++++El6l='JEqq. +e€q +E '-= 4,olEl. -= Q. -
= Slclls_'el ae €4= 6qq.
. 94 tt]'JrlafE qETl Eoll E+-g EJ.!rJl.

.olnlE Ar.?,ttlafE €?t= reJqg.

=
2.'-=. ! r*,+= '-9tq4H -9tg a fezl alzl flolrJ "lBzl q9+E
FeE *E "Jg Hl+g +Eltsq+.
:z€Zl 6tg++ +€^H7ll ^8461= 4?:429 €€lol e* .Jolq
3. r+491
re4 6lz1 9+9tg A+= ^J46lq 6l='JEqq. +q€ql= '-= aoltrt, -
= Eil4 Fol r*ol jtEq+.
:ilqefE gefdl
. +g= ?J EE-II= Tlql-?..
. +e.171Eef+Xl .gi?,trlzfE r8--J Hg:ilrl.

> -gI/9./S.'JE
44E F40l+ tr-ql= +ElElg +4ts.1+. +€€e €€4 HlqlqaLl-€dzl
o-=. Ezlbt-J ^ldg #qq.
. Elal Elal "JE :*E= 0l=rzl ?J?,t= EJlEll.
"J=
. E+7f 1E'J q=Hl= ^H+^l
ts?,ttrj= 'scl^lxl= .gJ?,t= EJ.lrll.

x '-9/gl/9trJ+H'g 44q + ^ldg +sl^Hrll C46l= A+e+ tr14

'-9HEJ g +El^Erll
^Hrll ^J461= A+ql AzloJ, ^J461= a+q"J
+q+.

04 ol+l 'EE
> -^t
L *qlHlq41 6t= "J€ 9"lElt-]trt.
o t=^I0ll $ql ^lE grll 6h7l= fl+eE LhEtLJLltt.

. +g6fzl 7f^f.
. +4 + 1E 9H7l rtrJ6f^f.

el tg+ EE,tloll ,r,,r.ql :.al:* a= fl+-d= LfEfLJLltl.

. ?al E+ rl E4ofrf.
. ol'EJ gol =
Hcl^lqalE 'J86f^|..

@ 8tH'Jel 9.8olLf 9+= +L+-st= LfElLJLlth'

..1-tH, f.al^f.
. "JXlol, r=:zll olrl.

@ olollll a=JAl A 4= g+-Bt= LfEfLJLlth'

==
. dfl6l 9'l^f.
.=+g |7J?]E1|, 4E6l 6f^1.
=

6 "3afE olTl aE'+7ll 2 ?t= == olollzl g6|l= gl.ll:'t ttl|

^^oJLltl.

. LIE Ef,\llf.
. Ll =L[|al^l.
=

@ t+e -J 4= Elal gal LlEhLJLltl.

="J0ll^ll ==1Al ==
.6lLlel ql= H^1.
=q gqHrf.
. -d+Esfoll E}|6t|^I
 €,J€lolt+l^H

2. g*,Jql ,^ol7lE qlqq.

O "J6f= 0l tldolLf 9E= LfElLJLltf.
^fUol =C.
. qq +r. -H.Il.
. Ll, +r. HIl.

@'J6t= 0l7h rfUol 84= +l6H Thrlalr- el q ^ gLlll.

=olLHTl ^Iil=
. qtrl _H.^f, LHT| r.z oltrl01l +fltrlal.
.7loJ ?l^f, 9=ol qEol^l?

-zfufz[
S EtE 9ol €tl +ql Ets H E+E 9ol ggBqq. +qzl E€. * EZ}E
+qql '4 zl g + 9l+qq. Fl E+ql 44, €zll, olellz} E+ g + 9l+.lEl.
. olEoll gq +^fEf^f trf^1e.(oJq+El)
=g HH+71
. El+oll e^lEl^l -d=q=
. 6f^lof^l ^14r.:?Iqs.(e.rp
+lrl-g Zqle.(=g6lEl)
=E=

x -1t, -rFtrtel Hlf,

/\lzol olEl ?jzlol olEl
gz + g +l ESq
+qq Eol (g0l ELlr ("J01 gHJ4?l
HIE) oil) ^lfil
-rt +q ( Eq o X al4
zf7l, tr^]|,
-rlEl^l +q ) Eq o X o
trla]|

o '-^li EF '-zlulzf tr_ Hl+J € + gl+q4. =44 '-zlulzf '-xli

-s Hl-+l
= € + S.L 4*zt E++qq. =

04 ol+l 'Eg 127

> _^tE
1. qE EE+ +49 7t44q r- aaql
trlE trl= qB q+l= 6t4q ^}qql
9l+g d+g trl +qq.
. -4zoll 7f^fE EfoF -dtr|.
^l= gd6l
.,\l-doll --J46f^fE 3+--J +H+oll g'tf'

qltq= qB t+g xll'<la|{ q= tl4= d€e "I +qq.

=d"11
. !l^l.E gtrfLl trl 7l+a10t 6J7tl9?
. =ol
-JOl E+^fE of^l Efi+L|..

B. * ol4 '-^l *61+ , '-^l "J+ 5tel +4 s€4= ql4l € + s+qq.

+. *4 s.€9 irEtr '"J ol4 '-zl ?++ e+ Ae 94 +€9 4ot RtJ4.

. oJ Eal7l-^fE +olop -Erf.(o)

. ?J^fE +ol0t -dtrf.(x)
=a171.^l
.=7171^l "J^lE +q0t -elcf.(x)

I * '-zl$'g = Etrl zlol So1 '- o El E' r+ El+l ++ 9itr1.

> -(L/s)Ll"J+
1. Cqeol +4eq^l
trJ6lr.zl 6l= 4E CE= 6llolq E= €g Ltq
=47tzd*q 401
rll= €aqtrl.Jqq. '-= "J# el * +,4EE 3AE +Ei'll=
ole+ qlz.lg + 9I+qq.
^l
. HfeJol El. -Jal7f ++LltrJ= E7l6H E^ltf.
="JE
. ola3 +EolLloJ= IIEHe E== 6t|0F -g eLl+.

'-ollzl -(ol)q"J# +€ el
,. rlzlol4 +4= Ll4']l= .J+ B^l7t Hl+qq
oe.zlolb4€lzlg,lbcll,olq=CBeolstzt44zlzl^ltrol6ll7tq=
t^= qEl'lla ol= 6lq F4€"1 ol+qAg qqB
=A ^lzlolLt =ZE
rl tri.

-: l^acter 1 -"-!dol$
 EJEoI++
^lH

' /.lrHTl /.lrHLltrJ= trJ6C5ll9.

(^lf,Ezl "JEF + fi.= flEel fi.ts
. u.HTl ttl|LltrJ= #3 g4ol ^lg7f
-d[l6lr ^lEH, Ll=Ell9. ^lEH)
(r1q E= q)
. Lfol7l LfOlLlpJ= ?lg0ll El|Z| rtrJol ?t4,1^1€'.
(6"j8 Llg)

-(9r-ulltrl7l
dq F40l+ d-qql +q F4"l+ ^J4zl H€q^J "JqHg +4Bq+. d6B
€r+ +E€q F^lb ae €eE aee Fgc"l glq^J .rq^J'E €€q=
++ol 6l+el aEeE dE€ f g"l"F Elq+.
. +Eol= qelTf ECal a|]s.
. €eol= =8EJlrl7f
El./'l=EllrlTf -JH|IE trl+Jg..
==

-(e)u l||-t
'"1"19E t4 :4.e H6lzl ?+r'E *€ +Elrll= "JEq+. dq €l4g 6t=
+qlq^J +E F+ol ol+q4g +4tsqtr}.
.0|t71= zl^l= +0ll t! trtol il
. E= Eq =9tr1.
iHe fitrlLl ?J7l7l
=g =g,olg.

x -(9) L tllE, - r- 4lE9 ul:rL

_1o) r_ il|E
-lu EEi EII-ol
Gl o__t o/\tel
^lTll
Tl-Aol
l. /\l_:l ,dEn/l Tl ol
/.t
^ftrtt"I Le
r ?i8E LlEt'J E4fol TlB6l"= Eg4 eol'el
== 'lcl€
EE -z:19 +?l it| "JL|.|=J= Ettrl. GE LHTI a7H= +01ts 4e HqE # Ht

04 qfl .=E 1129

I
I

I,

) -(9./E ufle
5r^lq Eq^l '9!E F4"lq tr-4e+ Ag E*oE', Eb '98 9ol gqq=
:- ull'E *g +ElBqq.
1. cqt!^tE €:4ol+ tr-4e+ ae E"Joe 9 FeE A= a+ : F+5^te+
tqlF^lql F+ 4Eqq.
.cg-Jol +E,\l= rHe ffulrf.
.2!4-d rHe trJoH Hl9.

2. 'ol€ gol "Jqq= f-ql *-9-tr. 4Y 4+: F4+^t9l"J 4"14, '-

qls E €qlE"J +qq.=^l'E
=
. r||e EI|E E alTdA!+.
=,+tolts
--Jl\l--r llal-g
E=
trft
Iet
l-E
L
rHe
-|+ 0l "Jg d6lX,l+Lltrl.

N 29 -= EIe, -rFtrtE HIE

'-= qlg CE Fz+"] "Jqqr ^J4zl
zl+q= :
7t+ql +€E4ol ol=.
=
qtsg 'Jqlqq. '-zlulzf dqE4ol 99H9 ulluJ zl4zll +
=.aql =
4F44 9€ €Sol $,q^l +€Cg 4^lY 4?zl F++qq'

B. 'ul ol^J q€rll g + sg 4EE +-J t+vl^l' I *-g-tr. zloJ s€q 4=

4*: '-= 4E E €4ql "J+ F4F^l7t Hl+4^J E+qq.
. ol{l qE. e-=uJltrl. EJ+e qolah.
. t.4-d +e =d=r1lE gg ?J El*tr|.

) -(9-/ts'lt4loil
d€€E q+l+ tr-ql= +q€9 7.eE ql4l-Jg Ll4r.}]Zr+'J€fl 9l9ot E
^l-=olLl
4?lzl otu += 4."1 = zl4= zl^l+g +4tsqq.
. E+=nlofb.= tHtloll l.rt|= E A+.
= ^l= :dtr|.
. +oJol= +e..J= ?t r.,r.1g cH1]oll E== fl,Jol Ealtf-Z

r., 3^acter 1 -4dolE

 EJ*4o{ €€|
^Fil

) -(9-/= =tql
. +qrl B9lE fl"J"l Eg +4tsq+. +4zt"J gulE +4q= E+ql +E A
Eq+.
.,\lg0l= lle= E^to[ eflE F6'fr "J?tol9.
. gElTl 4A g=J= 6l-= Eloll 0l0l= -tl'qoll A.=ilrf.

-(9./tscil
1. tle+ €H, d*l : q1+= q, +EHr{l +41= HtE q z}f 2.ffi-ag-qq.
^l4El
.9= LH €goJEjl ?al Eoll Eal el.
.7J7lo1l Efloll t 719?
. .Jul7f =e;=ql
#oll'JDII?
=3Ell

x -(9)L/=EJ|(;$B €B), -(9)Ll7)t(ol+)el Hlf,

. -J/,rl7l ttoll ezts?(A3= €B-J + $Oil Tlrlr -El)

. -JI{71 =Stll {toll
'Jztg?(ttofl 7l^la_ 6tE olf,7l -J/,rl7f rrt{Eoll),
=o.q77l =71

2. EIl. : * E6r4 Fl Etlg Hl+l g + gl+qq.

. 7l= HJ3 4r0lg.(93 7l= 4rolg.)
=rJl =Ell
. "Jofz;5 +ltEJl 1 71= olel+J9.(/'^71= qaltEll "J6l7l= +l+19.)
. t53 €.-l=tJl Let|= Eat|e.(-u.zt|ts
AEg E6l|e.)
=al=ril
4a : S +{r-E zlQelg Hlqle Fl EtFel 44zl +qBqEl. S EtL+ H
+rr-€El+l++fl+qq.
.:3t8 Ed6l g$af5c1l F Hle.
. ^le=
,^.laJol ?]fl=Ell dllqdqg.
=of6l=

04 qfl-eE t3l
 ) -(9-/tsq-=-
qlaE '-(e-)./bql'oll ?t4E ',E zl +41 4"J a"Jqq. "J6l= rl+ol ql49
Fg q $zxla- 49 trI ^}s" 6Jtl4.
. Ed6l 3=6i=tllE g= uul|9.
=
. /.l7Jol -Pi?,t=tllE ol.Fzi=. E
:dGlg.

) -(9-?
C€dol +q€9 ol++ z4ol Eg +4tsqq.
. +lol7l E= Eflge €al 7lr. ?lfltrf.
:e[tl..
EOx
'
il-t
'Ln/ | E-= Ef^lE6H tH=J=

f Holl
LE EI

1. '-lttY + 9l+qq. '-lzY = Ele+ql^l zli 4oliQl, '-1-

e+ qlzlg
I
I + tzl"l4 44g 4+ "Jq qgBqEl. '4Eol olq4' HtE, -(e)
2.4^l7l '-"J+ r+ a-J6t9 4"lL a+q=
E'J6ttr'9 Fge 4Eq4. "14=g -H-a^l '-=/g o-e 4zl6lq
+Zil= +Eltsqq.
. "jet fl{"J + lFaj"{tzll 1lf, "t'F.
^l-^Ja!4
. t E"!4 rl-aj"l ll^l-el + + + A.J zj+fltrl'Li aF.

> -(9a "J+

'a7 + Ag oJgE. aA+ +A| 4 9"lE'tEltsqq.
.8^.lE q= 'J= 7f^17f^119.
. rrl|zrlrl € # 9t= 'J= == Er #cle.
. ==
d8-J, +ll= -g -f-^_ olo
,\=
trl-=Dl
LiEU +^lle.

-l C"aoter 1-4d0lE
 EJ.lol #^lE

x -(9)= €E, -(9)= EJ=E Hlil

+lotl
=gel
+ ?ltrt
-(e)= 8E =
@ Hllarl,t.l ,ualE €=01r;.1e1
trJE + fr.tr|
-(e)= =
@ H|]r.4,'.l ^ al€ U=olrl.(x)

'-(9)= CE e+ '-(e)e trJ+'g Fol Hlidl^J Ht+l € + 9= 4*zl

*+q+.
'-(9)e trJ;1'
- '=(9-)= 4E : El+l € + fl= A+E 9l+qq.

-(9)a +t olule|
:. $.{z} zl4zli- rl-E"Jol otqr rq nl6}q +q €^t7} zl-4zlb .rfrilzlE
IH +4Bqtrt.
L !-a^tE r^ol= 4* : H^tql €q^J 'NS("J) olq+ E €E||e 4Eq+.
. ECgoJ olLlel ofE= frfio|g.
. gE^gtrJ ol-Llal F8 :dqg..
€4E

g=€^ls i!ol= 4* 'ol+F^lq Eq^l '-(9)= $

:F4Eo^1, ,s4Eo^1,
(ql)
"l.l+ E €qlE A"Jq+. dB€ol +4olE +q€E +4"1r, C4€
ol +49 +4.]]tr :F4€e +€g +4Bqq.

. €301= El=o1 _LE E 0fLlaf EE_=. qluEls.

.I "^t?t= E OlLlal €Efls tl€:-JLltrl.
^.l.Jg =^.101

.|33
04 olF{ . Eg
> -(9r fltrJl
++t-(o)= Ell + ^J*t-(e)uclll : * Et9 +q= r. 2.s.Ja, Fl ++9 +
q= * Etr+ ?otE qr g4E Eqq.
./.l--JOl Glel$ EJltll gC6l B+d|.|ot 6|.|9.
. rl+=01 TlLl=J EJlql Efl 7f Hl1l9.

N -(9)= t{lulz}. -(9)= EJE{el HII

+6 elEl EEotl
-(.9.)= ellLlltl -(9)= E1l ++el ol+= "J-Et
+ -(o)Llzr =
,^, OlrL
44 -T- uLl

-(o.)= eJlrll
-(9)= +=el 8g= "J-Et
E1l + -(o)Ltl €+ ?ttrf
g ilTl Ec alLlvl zl6leg B^l+.(+=E ol+)
g ilTl Ec HIql zldlag B^l+.(++9 ^J.+ €E)
B ilTl Eg qllzt qE6l4s?(x)
-ilTt'-(e)= ElulvY 7l
=qZI
+trre e$ql + + fl+.
E Ee HIql qE6l;(ls?(o)

> -(9=z| u|(,rJ)

'rq+ Bflzl g^d6l= 4€, s= rq+ tr-+ol g ag gq+r+ Ll4
tsqq.
= =g

. HlTl e=|tl Hl 4€:ilq9.

==^loll
. q= goil^J E+-!nl Hl gEfLl ad|:il=^l Eal_".

-(9=e}rlf,
g H AE* gg +tr-zte-e. zlC6l= a+q #qq.
. E0lzf H+oll Lf'JalTll ol7l7 | grl=9.
=rl7f_=.
. HlTl gal^lE HJ=.r.| q+=ol Dlole-.

Cf.apter 1 -4ColE
 EJqpl i+ ^lH

) -(9=+ qel
,dB€E rtd"J"l
"lrla 4zl4 q Bq^l +4€E 4dE- r++ b *g +
48q4. "lq Cq €.^14 *Ag +4Llltr +4 F^lE +49 u1e1qla, dd
Eo
^t7t
+cg r+4q]tr +4 €.^tE +€g Lr4Hq+.
. r d#ts 7t|?.! 7l+01 trlal ill+E e-stLltrt.
. ==E
d?l 7l+71laH= g E=^lgg trla1 +rrlE EHE-?I+LIEI.
=

-(9)=rlle|
fBr{l 9zl ?*zlE ut4zl"J q^l f+41 q= 4€. 4a++= 9"lE +E}Bqq.
gnlLl Ed6l =JalExl Eal9,
==^'tlzl

_19=ffi
L q€ E"
4014 ^J4zF qql ag +4Bq+.
. -d+"J= a+-g+= IHtr|?l+LlEf.
. HIE++ Ad= 4C6H0F -atLltrl.

2. '-(s)E'r+ aEl6l4 Aszl qql ag q +i;lAl E€*q+.

. l.eH= t-Aol ELltrl.
. q:d= =o.E ==+=
6lE -g++ ^]|EE
zEol 'JqELlE-|-.

-(9=llcll
deEE rld"l B96l rg 4,ol4.z qIC6lH^J. d4E"l Hql e='JE
=4
+ aaol Eg FElq+.
. Llaf= &aJ6fr. of,4dLH q4 ntrfol4olg?
. =++=
g-J= 4€-gTlrH eJ39g= olill HJEJ6t4q9.
^l+el
> -(g)evBotts
1. slzlTl "149 zl44
^ld€ ++g
r]], '-4,xl"J E *9.E +qq.
^t€ol+
.7J= $oll 0[|EE floeloJ boll !!l^l -9i==9.
:stLltrf.
. qF= qg.g$ L|-oal"J olLl=. OlEtrh r,

a€9 q4ql= '-(e)E +4+ ql '-(e)€"J "l Eq^l '-(e)E +ofl"J

E €^le-e. +qq.
. gol E dH=ElE ?l EJTtl Hf4dol EJLltrf.
. =oal"J q's^l E=4lLllg.
+"Joll= 'Jul7l E+?,teE
=oaJ"J

> -(9q4=
+qel EE= d€6lqH +€+4 7Je 4401 9lq"F Elg 9"lElul4.
. alE= qoalTl= i+qg.
. olrfTf Elalz= == EC":l 6l|al.
^l=+El =+=

-(o')ejLlet
d{+E ql+g +€+q1 dzlrlzlbcJl, "lqE gol4 7144"J gq +6lq '1
4Ele gEoll I *g q4tsq+.
. EEHE -Fjealulef 'J=. gtLltrl.
.l. ^l€f3
q^f= =4Ea+alLlef +IlaJdlTlE
EfSlllE -sr.Lltrf.

136 Chapier 1 E4ColE

 6Jio1 Fl ^18

> -(9q
1. Llg : fr zlzl oltlg "Jg +al Elqq.

e sflsl Eg= Hf+lE rJfJ#Llrf. sflql +ol7f e= qq += rHTl- flaLlq-.

'-r(Lfg)'ef Hl+l €+ ?t+Lltrf. Ecliiloil #_+ lfE-EtLltl-.

.l. /.faJ- 7vl a4 €4S.

. +E'J3 r-BFoll zl^lq Lf==+Llrf.
-d=oll atLltrl.

2. F^l tlzl : + 7l^l gg €l^lq *q+.

o g+lel Eef= Hf+lE rJGGLlrf. g+lel g5(=4r)01 'J? ^lzoll g0j.JLlrf.
g+lel +q7f e+Llrl. '-(e)E^1(5^l E4r)'el Hf+l + ?t+Llrf.
?e rf$-sl.L;r|. = =olrllql

. ESol o--r- 6lr

=tl lrL
tl "t-t.
. Lf= =qt= =erq
HH 6|19.
. flLl7f=allHld= ^.l^l=
+Eoll rlllq elJ.loll rlL;q9.

) -(9)u +
gqlol+ +4E +4tsqq. qlTl]
^J+B +aqulz| 5lffiulQ.
.9=3 E.?SoI=s 9dolltrJ g= -stLltl.
.01 LH aol 0fr_1=s +oJ= *0f+l0F
=g

> _(ol)E}^l_]]-
E^lq €q qH ^ldg g4.ol ols= A+ql 4= d+B a^lE.l+. dq E^l
E €+€ql H-dol gleE
,-olg,<lr' ,_Brl-r. 71 AEqq.
, Eaol $,eH
.xl72l r4oJ^faJ^lr 93 alrl Et tlzltI'J -drl.
. Lfol pj3 ,rf-Jol=J/.lr 01.+0ll4lLl- HJ"Jdl= z €^l pJofg.

04q+l'EE --
 +4qtr1= + +tg +a+ q 4='Jg **qq. +aqulq q+ E*e €
ol4= o'l
.AE€ . 9E€ . E€€ a+€sE +Eg + 9l+qq. . "Jr A
^J€ q+rt El4l elq+^]trt.
C "t € +Aq "l "J tJ Et. trl"J+ +Aqul=

> _4=s
qE
^tdg +44e8 q."J4q ^l€6t4Ll a€6la +EHzl "JHg'tqBqq.
qEltsqq.
L ,,gql%r.q4l q€ rtdol4 t\*& +44eE 'Jeg
. +alLlal.oll= Tlgol fl71=-".
. 8401 ?lzl=-s.
^10ll4l= =g
z. "l€ rld"l '-7l;_ alzluJ ql{le f+l6l4,trl
=
i$ LtQts'Jtrt.

.I t$4ollE "Jal= 9l7l=9.

^faJol
. r4= + ,I.FJ9.I 8401 ol6H= 7171=9'

3. q€ rldol 4€. ol"tzlE ol€q B dzllzl q4l -Jg +4tsqq.

. ov)l 7l^l 44= f7l=e. of+ ilnl9,l= 4qle.
. olfl ^lEoll
+7loll 8+=E =J71=9. GltrlLl7l. Tlbbldl€ 71ql-?.'
^117|-

> -41 5ltrt

r. HEI : il+ql= f-+zl *9t=ql ol+q= g+a+qq.
. ?J(l= qfi=t1l rl=3 EZI TlGle.
^1=oll= =
.7f=ol EIE LfEgol +=lzl -El I lfl-
H *t *t,

ah2ntcr 1 -"-!^]01=
 2. IF : +qE Exle+ +al$.ol "J9Bqq. 9€ "l*s+ B4l 4"lb 4*zl"t
+q+.
.,\IC= E rEHJoll,\l Elfl+Lltl.
1r_11u 1-
=zl
aEHJ= =+dfzl
dE_4-d aol of-J)
. +E-Jel g tr|]Eoll rlso_+ 7fll EJaLlrl.
(r_fl7f r.,rs ItHJolt Tfala -d a0t 0h'-J)

3. s+ : *c4eE'J6lzl ?++.1+. +EHrll "J+q+. 'J6l= ^l*E zI"Jg

€Eq+. +Bg
== ^lB9 =Eqq.
. olfl 1Ei= 5fzl ElflaLl+.
(15= ^lcoll^l
:il+Lltl. ,J+6|-11 "J-Bf)
'J+l^l
. /*tl? l= of+rll+^f^l=
blalE E== LHzl EJLlrf.
(E=g 'JLltrl. zlaE +EaJ4l -Er)

N -ot/9rlq, -41 qE+E Hlil

EElel 0l+
lEl-ol/olrlEl Lt|4 HAKEE E6I) o1 o lxlef AZ.!figJ
^ltrE(+q
tEl-11 Ettrt qE EaK=al, E-d E+) rl= 0l? 4E
s '-ot/qzlq e+ '-4 q+ E+ Hqg +4Lll= E€Eqq. +.
=
HEIE E+q= ,.lol7l 9l+qq.

> -41 6tcl

t$^lq Bql += ^l*qlrll qH "Jg 6141 6l4t+ ^lAg LlQql= s€Eqr+.
'-Al' '61+el F^l jr?l q q.
7l +41 s.€ E
"l"l
1. qH qH e+l= 6lE+ Eaql a+q qH 4Fg 6lE+
^tBq4l
trJE= 9ulE +4tsqE+. ^lvlA+

. E+= rrl=5 olol== +^lzoll -dtf.

. +trJQ1= r-BFoll,\l 3 T.!+= ^Edfll
doll r||=l|
:ilrf.
^f7l

04 cl+l EH
 2. q€ q€ €+l= 4= ag -"1+614+ -"lq'Jg qqBq+.
^l+qlzl
.I LHT| oJoll Lf^lzl 6l^l ?J=tl.
^|aJS ^ltlol
. -gtrlLl= +^l-= HJoll 50l9ull -drl.

fEoll
L= EI

1. '-ol-, -dl-, -E-, -71-, -+-, -+-, -+-' t+6-tq "J=qzl= ^t

=
g+ q+lql"J 4rolzltrJ, '-41 6l
€i^ls=g 'Hol4, Edl+, gEtrt 4 ?"1
tr+ E= qqq q 4"J + 9l= aol 54"Jqq.
= 6t+
2. '-4.| a+e+ '-ol-, -61-, -q-, -zl-, -+-,
^FSd
= ++4 49 9ul zlol= EEqq.
A+=
= ^l++
eF-z al 1)
r oJ u-f ul 7l- E "Jrlt *Jr1.(o1El Ll 7l- ol-oldlz{l + + "Js-
ol-ol.llfll +
r o.tEJulzf ofol 41211 2? "J*JLF.(o'lE-f ulzf of'ol4lz1t 2,1'lt ++ "JL+ E'cl-+)

> --a. Lttrf

rldol 9q
t+^tE €:4ol+ rtdol €qa ^la4-etr +ql +€eq ++ol4
qZ.+, :afl tr-ql7l qfl+g rlaEl^l '+qBqq.
. +El= rl ofr LlL, nf8ol 7fH?lfiqg-.
. E.E 4g oHTldf-I- LIE T lEol
=a1e.

> 9tf
--a-
1. ar+ql 4* olf#, ddt ''l+ol 919
: ut4zl ?*Y 44zl q4*g uI= "J
-Jqq.
. gel5?j ,l.fz! 0HoJrl dlGl^ll. "J?,lGl-".
. tl+glel qF+= ,4tu4r- qqHall "J?,ttl-.
. ++ ].l-stoll^1 ?al =Jol "J?,tclg.
^lr

Chapter 1 -'-lColE
 rJEol +q ^H

2. qE ar+ql qle Ezl. €e arlq ql+ rJ4E +4Bqq.

. Et|+ /.l-dfil :Et46lI. "JA+LItl.
r Eqq LJE trI=+Lf.
. EJol =E6I-Z
+al olTla_
"Jgt+Llrl-.
==

-z dtt
4"J, zl4lol 96l= 4# "Jqlq+.
. qg= dlr #q9.
.l|l A+El= lr #qs.

N -(o)E +ilq, -]] dqE Hlf,

( o)E

-.r.

04 olq.Eg ll4l
 > -Lt Etrt
fg4l ++61= ol++ zld 6I + 4€ol S.6tJ4. r4^l +d6l
=A7l9lzl"J
"J + Sg uI ^t-SElqr+.
'-r+?' , '-71?' -S€.ll.='J6l=
^t*E EdE 4ezl
9+q+.
. (=8 goll ,\FJoI -Pj3 'J Auptl1 gElTf -E-tl.
^l|El?lLl
. (6l]7f AB-d 4
ut-P41 tr13 Z7l Hle.
. (oltrlLlol E€ol $ ?J ELlTtt) 7lEol ?J ELltf.
=g =otl7l
:dLf
. (rl+el tr+7f Lf.E 'J ut-pt1\ E+= $ ELltt.
^lC

++"1 il ++E
=7171
"^] 3C ?tg e-d flE
E(+EJ4 #)
=7171 (eJ+)
E(r-43J4 +=)
_A ?JtrI o

r\ X
-Ll Etrl X

> -= Fdtct
t+^1. '91+/$.+ ql 4olql €zll ^ldql 'ilql ++sg +Eltsqq. ':ael= a
,Ju+ I Fg gulqlq+.
. +^1^l= F-d aalflrl.
. sf8-d 'Jr l7f 9= F /.FJel 'J== +=6H +=
=--JLltt.

. !2 Chapter 1 -"jC0lE
 E!Eo1-E4 -
^lEl

-ts 4ttcl
tF^l+ '?l+, 'S,+ ql Eql qH €# 44ee rHF6l4 +"Jg +qql=
s€flr14. 9"1 '-='4 EarEo ,461+ zl *AlutoJ s€EqEl.
^l
r. qtr B+l= dlzl g+=qlE fEl= ailH :HFalz{l zltl o + +"Jg +4tsq+.
. EJEI+4= -H.EII 8+6|.=.4:dGl9.
. 4:dq9.
"Joll^l
^l=
z. aI4E tF+€'JEl q= €L^lq ,-e 461+ +qq-.
=
.Lf=FE46ltlaf.
. "JE qrl g?t=EllE Eg 4=iltrf.

'-= 416l+ '-= 46.1+ + Aq tsli+ + +ElBqq.

=
Ll= =J= 9aE s=ts
^Jl:drl.

-qLl/etq.q
el€, 9lg + S= g, "Jg + S= g, dzlt g # "Jg ql #qq. EtlE
g +.E 9lJ' Flql q= E+ol g +E 9l+q+. +z .€il| .trl4ql EF
'-+q /+Ll' 7l & + 9l+qq.
. . q=oil Eol e.+Lle?(q=0il ts01 e.+Ll E= + g.qe.)
.01fl +7loll fltrlLle?(olE qt7loil H,trlLl E= + g.qg..)
^lC0l ^l-dol

04 olfl 'Eg ll43

> -trlE^l.'q?
ololzl5 +q]6}44 olol 9a 9l= 49 trt^l + g z}a€ q +q4. oti
=g
e ga 9l= ^ld, 44 4El6ll E ^l€ql qlql^l= '-trtH^ls = + + S+q
r+. B€! Z.J4ol+ 3"Jaqlzl^l olotzlE +?]g trll +qq.
r. s"Jaq4l^J
=g
ol"Fzl€ $-ql
=e
7l €qr-tte EEo I o f=EJrlE^1e?
Lf Lll, €"J ol=tr|.?]g. -dH 7f Hlll-g..
7t €3 nlTf EtrlGl
==6ftltlE^le?
Lf ral|g.? 8"J €EJolg..

2. zoJ1ql4l^-l Ee oloFzlE q"J . zlaB 4

/l
Ll owl= HH7l. oJ
-!.EtfE,\lg?(olut 0l0F7l +"J)
7l H|17l. r.trf^lLllg.
=3
=HJ
7l +al +l 4=7tte?
Lf ,J1lrrl7H9.
7t Lll? doll= ot|E E4E q=tfE^le?(d0ll 0l0t7l EJoJ)
= =3
Lf olril 4E + ?tcle.

> -qep-e
r+rlq 44L4(^84+) ^ldg Eltlpf "ll +q+. q= ^l+qZl lt4q 44 4
€4q LA ^ldg "Jg q +q+.
. e=+El Eal€oll /.PJoI -Pitlafr.e..
^llgolq^l
. Gllll -J,\ll7f
. -9.= E+ i lTf =tlafr.g.
A+= EC6l oltlalr-e.
 6J.+ol€q|^E|

x -trJ=(g.), -trJ+, -trJ+I(g)E Hlf,

,JEJel gE ol= gE
== ^lEJol
-trj=(s) A X AEH,E
-trjel A AFZJH.A

-tr1etr(e) X o X

* 9xJJ g,rilTl +q+.(g,ll7l +e aql EE E+;<l 9++)

* 9zJl l+,471 +q4. ?JE+, *4lflol rlBol y4 A&
=-= ^lB4 "Jslb
'J+)
* 9xJl Br{7} +qqrs.(E= ^}ge Esb AEE,J*)

-Hq-q-
96l= "lzl 4E+ qtr -H_-r.u|!ol "J*g LlElBq+.
^ldg
. f 4.|=J EF
.853 L1+=EEllg..
e=EEllg.

-E+ 6ltrl
(E"^l9lEq) +E ^l*qlril q€ "Jg 6lril dlz+ +Elqb E€Eq+.
9"1 '-la+ 4 Eo t1+ zl.*A 4gI sHEq+. ^lAg
^l
t qH ^lE|qlrll q€ 4+l= 6lE+ qE +#. alzil rls
^lvl4L+ E.a?1 €+
b 9ulE +4tsq+.
.4g0l= r-BFoll^j rl+= rfTl Eoll rlE=.+ =drl.
-
. r.+r-J74l,\J +flololl4l ol
+rJle alEE= 1 E+ 6fdrf.
qE qH Bfl= d+ ag 6l+6lzr+ :"lqElg +4tsq+.
^l*ql4
:dtrf.
. -L= Lf= +lE+
. LH)l rl^lg g0ll Lf^lEE olxl ?J=trf.

04 ol+l 'Eg 145

 B. [t]+ €€€ol4 a+€g-E 4ql == ^]+q4l q€ €F9 E€6tZ']
zt
fl+'Jg'tEitsqq.
.4= LHoll,\l= ATfE+ df^lle-.
. /,^ell7l= HJE/.I=E=
EflHH=E 6l-E+ -sr-lltf.

4. ['-E+ 6i4.trt +css 4q] "J6]= r]*ol q€ q+l= € 4'"14= elzlt+

tridg +qtsqq.
. dgl-J "J#= uf =E=. olrilALl+.
. ge-e lcof-EE 6fafLltf.

N 8H I, 24 4+q= '-7ll 6't+ E El+l € + 9le+ *H 3, 4E A+ql

'-41 6l+ E Hl+l € + $.+.]trt.
=

; -uJ6|r|
I.7lr.l, 9ol7t 9i+ : '+H -(9)= "Jai4
. -dH 7f= "Jzf *01 Glqqlg?
^lEollll
. -.J=3 I f aJ--J "J-.J EI l(=I f) g Ll tl.
^llzloll

, ollt\zli Sf++: 'ol4 -(s)e "Jal4

. gaHEJ 0frl + trJdH-".
=Z0lIl"J
. E Ll doll +-"J-dtrJ EolIl"J of^lE "J=
oJ-sfLltf.

> -ot/q/oi^l-q-
1. dqEol +qEE gtol E'14. olull dBEE 5.^lql= ^lz]=
s'€61= o-
trlE Eg f $.r +q+E €€"lul9l €€€ olq a+€* arolzl ?++qq.

. ofolTl HHTl- oltrf^1 E-r. 9lALlq..

. HlaJol C6t1l EGI,I.I Ll=gol 'Sq*Aq+.
 tJEoJ E" +l
^lH

2. d"BEE t:+ol +€trg E"491 +zl4_qtr

$dq+. dq+g F4"l $e
€ +E t'-el= .fqE +zl6ltr^J +€EE t:4g 4++= FEqq. rqs
s qL 4s zl49 + 9l= ^loJ g + 9+q+. olq C4+q13 e".<|z| 4
Eo

"lq, +€EE +Aqtrlq= ^llEol fl+q+.

.,\l8oll 7l,\l qal 7l^l aFLltrl.
=4=
. qTloll sof,\l trr-z"J 7lElallllg..

-ol/q/q^lq
F+F^le+.a$6l= A+el tE]]F^le+ a.J6l= a+= ++q ^84e + 9|+
Ll trt.

1. E"4$rle+ a{lsl= 4* : ulSE *ee #qq. +z} +4= is$$ +=

el E{zlbE{ olAe arle{ 'tE}Hqq.
. E-Jol l7f g ulT.!trf.
oJoil=r
. +qTl =oLl7ll €E= ELHoF -dLlrl.
^lz
2. tr-q€'^lel aEl6l= 4* : rJ4zl zl€e. a+4 H6t= r+49 q4tsq+.
. Lf= xf+EE//;|= 7tr 'JolQ..
.:d= g=Joll trtr q+5l|^l^le?

-gJ9I/$sE tttrt/+-dtrt
trl;I q+ zl€+ HtH.g +4Bqq.
^laq
. EE= g :deE
. qgolLl ,JgE =rJ!qe.
=r^llrf.
 '-4'-'g F4E gELt
x +lel €el + '-9/91/s.eH +4trt el '-9-',4
4ol4l B + 9l+qq' =d
+AE 9ol4zls-trt= Et+g 'ZJ6t4l s-€alEq=
+€ 6tLtzl /J."J€ee.Rl +q zjfl E€"] a"Jqq' '-(e)E at4 e
q= '-(e)tr €4,Et zl ut*4 q"Jg q+ 'zJ6l4l e€aJ!4'

> _GoK.'q_)

r. ol* : Ets "Ja 9l= ol+= "JRqq'

^t+"1
7l gol g 3L1le.
tt 7l7l a€ote.
tl 9= HlTf g'2JtL1lg.
tt- eH9?
rrlGlxl-OLO
7t 6f=E E^ll.e.. +=ol //l/v\Lo:vl!,

=
, 4ql : a46ll^l "Jg trI. q+ 'zJ6l4l "J61tr::lzt tl 7.AA =Bqq'
./l
-l LH rqol oltrl 9,l.Il?
rl. q7l ?l#Ol..
7t ze^lol Erllel-z =el^l?
Ll E qolqajLl? LHT| E HolLf "J:il€of.

3. xlloJ : 'FEol-(o)H Elf*otg

/l-l -"1lol^l4l EH^l dd6t|9.

Ll E+6fE El€ofe'
7l
^f+ C^f gloE dCdH.
+"Joll
Ll- 9-l-g.E El€of.
^48

-"-!ColE
-t Chapter 1
> -zl 9tt
tF^lql €ql q€ €+lE +zl= Lt4ql= s€?q+.
1. qH €+l= 6lzl *6141 +g +4ts']trt.
== ^l+ql4l
. qTl^l /'|TIE I4^l Ef^119.
. 6j73 9E= ,'.lTl^l "J,\lrf .

2. '-zl oJ4 €€EJ} A++ql^J"J 4q ^J+84 E.E+ql '-zl oJ4 zl }A

ol$ €*g=s€.Jq+. r+lLt 'ut44, zlralQ, g+ e+ ztol zlflol4 uI
*E EulE 4b 5^i *q^J= qlel4"J + 9l+q+.
-sq, xllg FglrJ "JHl4"J a+, +4"=qzl
=€E == ^l+ol "lH
3.
=ol+
HIE^I '-zl
^l*q7ll dg, ?l+6t= A+q=
A zf,f;z{.el €Bq 'l+g +=
"J+ E 4ot El.l4.
clftlLlTll,'.l Ll+ rl.Ll^l "Jafr 6l.liq.
=zl
S. €B€ 9"1 '-ot, '-ot+ zt €ElalE 4* 'oJot, "Jol4 zi otu 'ol, otaf
zl EtJ4.
6. gHl4?l +zl-= tr-qlE EB€. c- "ll z")4+ E€E"J zld "J+eg
=oil^J
olz= '-o + zl €Elalb a+ql= 'IrJt+ zl 8.14.

7. '-^l' Flql A^l 'e= ol+ 'E , 'L-' Fol Eq : 9ul$ zlag + 9l+.1tr1.

) -xl ?Jrt
1. t5^tqlEqt $-d q+lql ql6ll +Bzle-E ++614l +46lrl+ *d €9= g
+qg 944 gszl S+g +qtsqq.
. +4 6l,t.f= ee."Joll gdl^l
.E ?J=tf.
=^lE =0f6f^l
2. t€+^lql €ql *d tr-Elql qlql ++6lrll +4+ "I +q+.
HHZE^I ?JOI-".
u43 ol=l^l ?JLlg?

04 0l+l . EE l-c
 3. 'otq/"J olq '-^l 9++= 'oJtrt, v\+q, xl46ltrt, "J46t+ +g +qE
ql+6lH +qE elEe+
"Jxl= +4lll= F^lel *41 Lq +ce + s+qq.
r
++6tr1l tl+g xl€e "Jzlalzll 9zl ullE"J'14.
a. 9"1^J +q4 q€ "Jg +BC t.qol 9l+g +4q=
'Aqq ag t.^le+
s. El4l ,|rg f *
$.+q4. "l a+q= ol4 '-zl *6t+ ='Rl"t Bqq.

> -=/(9./(9ae(9
qH F+olLt tl4q1 4+ Elzlg E^l+ -4, ++ €€ zla|I 'JB6l'/ll s€B
qq. t.4€.^t, /d-ql€.^}, 'ol+ €.^lq e+q4. ol5 t-^te+ aql6l= ^ld. q
ulgl 4'4 +EBl -E-H q+r+ A+q+.
r. +449-E ,!44^l aol= 4*
.9=3 7171tlTl ?J g-='J.
^l7Jol
. +== E.LI HlTlrga='J.

qlclql^J tr-qlE E^tq d.96tzl SE ol#E xll'<lali z!$

flrll
==dl^1le?
Eu1
==-'"l.='Jg.

3. '-(e)=€' ol tr4€r^lq Bq^l 4Zq ql+ +slLt oli]+g +EtiI= A+

o rfTloll= €Ele r=lzl 6f^l
=:d== =:EtLltf.
@ E8oll,tl 'olalolal6fzl -! '2l= a=a7ll df^l F6H,l.l +al'^aJ+'= =Et1l,
(e)E,J'? 'olalolal6fzl -g a='011 6H'J6l= trJol EJLltf.
€) +Gl= 1, 2oJe"JLltf.
:dEH= '-^l
@ +€ "Je'= #Lltf.
ol'J .lfrfl frfle= '-(.9.)=z la^Iolg.'= #Lltf.
@
=]t"Jol
. trl ECdl 3+-'J=.
. =r-J €E El,l.la Ed6l^l "J=.

\\\\-\\
 rJEol Sq
^E

tE"J 1l

+q+ "ld+g +4tll= A+q= 444 dxllE Lt4'll= '-(e)E ol d

B€ol € 4lzl 9l+q+.
t. +4zl g"Jaol € + gl+qq.
2. '-(e)H ++4, -($sH €(*)gA, -S.q+tr +(9t)ga'E €48
+qq.
. : "J+ H+ d^,o{ot 4*J +[za! ++',J.
. *'deJEorl?rl + ?/.rt+[zal "Jri"l ++').

4. '-(e)=4'ol +49 ++48 4+

o+017f 3?Jdg ttll

@ Dl4ll= LiElLfl= +^l01el ,J1l ig lrf,

^l?J '-fl=
@ rfz= LfEtLH= ,t.l5qrl '-fl-'rf z3'o; $rfloj ttfl
=-sl6'fq
. E+= Erlzjell ?t==.
. rlal^Joll +€ol LHal==.

tE"J 2l
+q7l1"Ja "J a+= *zlzl ^l7l= zl++^14^J 'Jg qlEqq.
. tH"J + LH?l ztar "7i21.
o ul-al-g. tl-? 'H+rl.

04 qfl .EH l5l

) -(9./= Eoltrt
L q€ ^ldg +C4g-E I*6171-H_+ ql4s qE +ql ,l+tr+Aq ++qr. gg
"I +qq.
.:- ,lFJ8 -d=ol= E6l= E0ltl.
.
"J4 Ifts -f 0lollg.
^l= =
. +"Joll= zel tstrr.= Eololl9..
. Egg EaHoll ^f=
Hl6t|,\l 7l7l 4? E0lolle.
^ll

2. +AE tr-ql€'Jg uil= F^lql '-g €ol+ #qq.

=
. Ll= trf= rl+oll Hls|] Il-J= E trJolrf.
. gE= g-d Eololl-9.
=
^l=
3. F^l '-= €oltrl 6la € qlb '9, E*ol, ^l+, "J F4 ag +^l-= el4l
#qq. =:,

E^l EE^I 0ltrl

?ltrl
Edx Edo
_= trJoltrt -= Eoltrt -e Eoltrf I|Jtr|?l= trolrl. 4+4e tro|trf.
E 6l= Eoltrl Eoltrf q3 Eoltrf
=

> -(9)a { rJtr}

$t^l 'a+ 4 ?".| ,^q, gH rld"l+ tlflq ql+ Elzlg ,J+ ++g'tEl$q
4. E"4s.^l= + A+ r+A= '-(s)w \ +q , €zllb '-+4?Jq. tr14=
'-(-9-)=4+E+E#qq.
.Hl7l E a e0f9.
. 3^lol E|]+
",tol fl= a e=-9..
. +g0l gnl E'J ?i e6qq..

I52 Chapter 1 4Col=

 EJEoIsr{
^H

> -(9e elTt $,tt

rezl € zltcol s.= "J. Eg + flb g. glg + fl= "J. 4lzlt "J # "J
e rn #qu}.
. q=ql Eol g zlTl g.Gls.
. Soll 6t|7f alTl g,cls.
=

> -s-/(9L/(9= gojoluf

olzlzl EoJg zlzla- 4+4"J EtF.ll^l ++6lq 'Jg q 6q4.
^FEE
. HJoll HlTt 9= Eglolil..
. EgFoJLlEl.
^l7l "Jelts

-(9)e {6}c}
1. +€ : +lEl*+'14. :44:Bz{l g}o},<-l +4"J uil +Lltr}.
=lzl
. f.FE F+trf7| '4 HJ:ilqe.(zll^l gJ9ttr+.)
. Hol7ltrl7 | 'Jcltr H$:a{trt.('Jqrlrl ggttr+.)
. =JE 7JL1trl7l -il.El^lr.7l -J HSqlqs.(-il.El^lr.7l Ll^l gj9ttrt.)
. rla= EclEEal,t.j gJolBl= uJ-dq.(golElelrl ggttrt.)

04 q+l.Eg lt53
 old+ : r+41 qS.sts +914.+q4. :244 rezl 9zl ?*"t^l olfg q
+q+.
. rLloll bs:il=r1l z;xp | ,\l€01 8,;'q9.
f,+ e
(++= ,Jtrl.)
= 0lz BJ=*=r1l Dl^lEoll qd= =J:dqg..
. +el =Jol
(0171^l F6'l-r. fi.tf.)

> -(9= f 9l'VS't

L bq : +t7l-= e-Jq+.
. Ll= +g= -g + flqe.
. d8'J3 -d+ A^l= "J= + flqg?

2.71+4 : q€ tr-+ol+ aaq^J9 zhts€g "J'Jqq.

.85= +=61 6lE ZedHE + 9lGle.
. ECdl 6l.E "JE-g + ?lcle.
=+=
B. "Jqlzl{ drl : 9lg + S='Jg +4tsq+.
.ll-Jg E= trlll^l grr g + frqe.
. -d+oll^l gE77l^l ',Jo|'J + s.Glg.

.___-rorqlil_{__

\+=tril= "JEq+. +Cg rJ6.lzl .tr€g q +

Itt
l0H
M-

v
l&.@rleoe
 EJtol
-sal ^lH

2. '91qolxle 'S+ F9 +4Bq+. "14,9 '-oll

= ^J€qE^l Hlq4eE =
7l glqoFzl :.841 alzle, S.eqzl- f+r{l *-Jqc} E €EIEqq.
='J
3. 4-ql%lE 'Jq ++6t4 ?*= sflolqg +"JE *_e_s= jlzl 9++q+.

. q^f d+)l ?lcloF^19.

. +^f-g EllTf 9i0l0t^19.

-(9)= f oju|/r-=u|
+t7l= eElqq.
. += El.a
^l=
. Ed-g gofe?= =afg.
= g0lg?
':e!+ !.r]l= +=
=

x -(g)= + glq, -(9)e gE+q Hlil

=

> -(9= flu{

++t-(o)a €ll + tl+t-(-q)-Ell : * E+$ +q= r. 2.3"Ja, H ++q +
q= s. +tr-r+ ?ols qr g+E Eq+.
.rll7l L;lg E 'J EJEII olE!6l^l9.?
.0f=HfQlE= 6H0F -g EJltll ol'-s/l +61119?
. +g EJlril R= nl=6fll gollls.
 x -(9)= qqzt, -(9)= EJqlq Hlf,

?5 elEl EEOII
-(9)= EllLlTrl -(9)= EJI + -(o)Llzr +=el 0l+= "J-et
.4A
=
.\ CHFL
-T- uLl
_(o.)= e;!!cll -/o)=
\-/L
F.ll -L
Lil | -/o\r
\.:/'LLtl
r.l
+=9 Ag= "J-Ef -T- ?lrl
=
w Tlzl "+e ElllTl zl6le€- R^ltrt.(++q
"l+)
w ),lzl Ec dql zldle€- B^1tr}.(++E tr-+ €E)
w Tlzl Eg qllzl 4palzlef(x)
=- '-(e)= qlqzY zl Etle e$ql + + S+qq.
=qA
e ilz| Ec €lql qq6l;qs?(o)

> -(9a{ (:-flc})

q€ "Jg 6lzl *i&+g +q6144 "tf ?lalE a+q +qq. BF Flql 'r*
4 zl gls+, ^J+q7lE qlqq.
. +ol ?J trc= #==.(re"Iclg)
.g=+El=gql,
E+e g9lrl alE, q"Jo lals 3zJ.(ra^IGlg)
=

-(9=es
++ : '-(9)= 4{19'-H_4 E+d* ++€- Lt4tsq+. 'J6l= ^l+"J cE=
zlzlt_ 9l+qq. q"Jol +lE g+aq4.
7l olH cl.5zl.9?
Ll ofEl ^lcol
Gl4E'J9.(.7)
7t q:szl gofs?
Lf d
7l F gtrlLl -!Dl?
^J
Lf lrll HlEJ.v)
7l etl?
Ll 718 *= Hlr l.
7l 0l+3
^l7f "J==e.(,/)
Lf raH.g.? reJ 7l E^ltrf.
^l+e_e
 BJEoj tq ^lE

x q4lE C.E : -(_9-)= Z4l9- ) -(-9-)=€(.s)

-(9)ez| -H-u|
4zlzl r qfl= rlfl4 "e 4 g. rJZlol 9l+g +4Bqq.
. DlrlTf. ofELl "J'Il +gzl HL
. z€olltrf ol raJ= ADl Hlg.

N -=nl.H.q, -=z[ {Qel ula

'-=zl B+ yf
-e.//r jlLf el '-evl6l+
-=.//r 6ftf ^JE {ilg
Ell,(lg- +
? gl+qEl.
xr€Llrt. --evr Eq
'-ezl E+ q clzlg
hel
= ^ls
elE= +El'ilrl+ olxl9 94E rJ6l4l +44q +lElol qE+'Jq+. '-= =
?4 6lEl qdal;{ 9+g 9{E +$Bq+.
=

-(9)=elle!
7t 1gla olfl o g 2!olr. 2oJ.Aol{ 9+€ /^Eq+. €B€J+ A
o -E
^l€€
€se= e 4olzl 9++q4. *ge qBZl 614+l. 6lb +qE EE.= +E}
trJ-=., '-(-9-)qr. 6ll_sJ '-fl,qs'el El*Elqq. +qglrl g|ol 4= Hl4^l
,
9 $"loe 4++ yQg +{ *Elq+.
. xf +l E€el|g?
. +71 olTlLl -dH 6l| EE[|S?
. cc6lLl77l. Tl+ EollLt z/Jltr;pl

04 olel'EH
> -(9q zlu|/ec|
+49 +4ql= g€gul .-(e)el' q "lFE *g ;(lH ,_TlqteLl g F^t7l
gaqq "lF9 EE+ +49 Lt4Bq+. FzlF^lql"J € + 9l+q4.
.I /.FJe Erlzlq; 44= "Jalal 7/tr1..
. Ll qTloll ++ sJLl?
"JLla1
. Lf= EC= Eo.al 7lLl7l r!+= trJH+Lltrl.
^]=Jql

-(942 6ttrt
1. +q9 Es."Jg +4qlsE "lzl €9le $zl4= ?J:e tlEIEqq.
'58ollzl d== +^lala -stLltf.
'== Ll ttz I doll t=al.= ,\lalr -sr-Lltl.
. 01fl HJ+oll Ht||_Jqg= Tlall 6He..

2. +q4ql^l= €q '-(e) ='$ qEq^l '-gqr 6l+ E r*"1 #r14.

. gall 6ltl.
. galr. 6|.trf.
. gol'-Jelz dftrf.

-(9)ElH Tol't
ulr.ll ,tl$olul '-A-'9 ,^x1 ?*+qq. 5t45t^tq Eq^l 'ses q€ qgl=
6lq= +oltrl- E *.g +4Lil=El, EEg qtql^J "JElg +4Bqq.
"ilE "Jg
. rl= +4= el=6falE Sololl-9.'
. Efloll 7l,t.l Z{=
g0l Ez1trJ Er.gLlrf.

Chapter 1 -4ColE
 tJEo{ # ^lE

> -(guAlu|
q€ gg 6'J4l 6lxp "Jg q s€Eq{. Hl"Jg E ollb '-zF
^h.*6lL 444"J
= ^l+Elqq.
. e0l E,(lzJoll a,l.l+.
'4tr1 -dTl -Ef,\ltf.
. gEl E.a,l 7l^1.

<+E>
"t+ 4{t6t41 "JFl u]| q^t+qlril= '-(s)H^l+= 4{ ?*+qq. fl^t
H.qzl,"Je- un= '-(s)H^l+ qd '-(9)r.|4,#tlzl?' E.= '-(-e-)^lzl-s
^t+61= aol zl94B+q4. ol4l '-(9.)^l4s I E"Je qlqaqq.
=
E A+,<|olxlu.! Hl"Jg € + $.9 qlL '-xli 441 '-ot/qs 6qq.
=
. ol^j
^l^f6l,\lrl.9,.(\
. IlaJ'J0l -dTl 6l^l^19..(\
. eol E^laJoll Tl^l^19.N)

"J6t= ,{lgel g4 g4
_1o;=afl9?
== ^tgel
o(t-|.6) o(fl^l)
_1oy=llp? o(fl^1) o(ul-6)
_1o;urlr[ o(^1lg 6e) x(Exl LrB)

x t+E €S : -1olurlQ > -(9)=zl9? > -(9)=qg?

= +g al, ?ol ^l^l6J^1tr1.
(+€ ,{E ^J4g €-;(l ?+a Aol ++.)
^l^}6tEr.
* +€ 4, 4-ol
^l^le+zte? .l{=
(+= deql +g {€z}E E=+.)
* ^l^l6tr.
+€ 4, ?ol ^-l^lg4_s?
(+€ r'.lz| rl.<|ap de4 Hxl E-b4.)

04 Ot+t 'EE ll59

 9= =l14 gB+ tqEqq. a^l= ilt"lr1 +^1, g"lgl
Eq :z'J4
'J.t+E EHzl +41= s^l6l7lr{:_ "JE H Ee++. 'JEq4. "t4b
990F El a^lEqq. +"Jt qlEr+ +41 elqB^I4.
=.<15

) -eol
r. 9€ E"Jol+ BFg SE E^lql 9lqlg, :s+ Hl*+ ceolz+ Fg+g +
4tsqq. ,zJol, g"lg ilol glol arl ,4H'4 El+l € + gsq, g+
qlql^J= EzlE = = glzl"J '"J# oe utTl
ilolb € + gl+qq.
. +T.!01 g=e of=trl?J.
. ^4e01(^laJ)
-Ll+ /.faJeol(^JaJltrJ=) "J= Et6H.
^Jl?13

2. [q= qE]ql= g+ B^]ql Eql f ^lz]g

z]ao]$ xg't4Bq+.
. +E'JDll^l= gq+ g6lal 7fd.trl.
. qqLl= ^HHeol
Et|geol TlE6lal Etrloll 7llfltrl.

**4?I El+ s€-g-e g+qq.

s.
^l+g +
. oJF'Jol
of=rf8 "J+.
. Eeol E=n=-d ts.

) -(ol;u1u1
"t991 +++ ^849 zlzlt- fl-e-tr^Js. Q! + fl"] d$al|+ "J!.+g +$ts
qq.

'-d +tlolufnf llo1-l ttgglE'f.

. eol ^ trJ -d EH 9l+Lltrl.
^l.d7lLftrl

\
160; cnapter 1 "iColE
 6J-4ol++
^lg

IHoll

1. '-(ol)+IrF 4 '-(ol)4s
ol i!_arl= "JBe+ 6l€€ 4441 9l o o + qtr a+ql=
^le
nillg +
9lg cEE *ol EliQl J4. :244 '-(ol)+Ef s+zl7l "lgql E"J:e1g
$ zlzla- 99 H^J c- + sol +q E" zl9 6l+ aolr, = '-(ol)4s olazJ
4.zl4zl gr. dqdlo} Elg Ll-F+qlEs rxllg + s= a+E fl+qq.
=
. ul'J +A!"tLltlt t a z[*tr1-.(utLj+^J.J 7i"t Eufotztt :.ttr * a z[l]4.)
.ul'J*{-"leF=, ta z[uef.(at'j+^f+ 1etj+l + "J+ 77el +.l^JalLl
zti L a zj-,rlrl-.)

2. a4q '++, +E, ++, txll, qq, q€'4 4.ol qgg ql= '-(ol)+E
=
€ f ?lxl"J,'-(ol)+El € + $.+qq.
=
. 4 ? zl L .L7-t + al rltt I zJ*tt +J s- .

. pt "j"lal-9 rHzlu{ o-f irjTll +l-7lS-?

_E.|lE

Sq s= "Jql E4dol S+g +4.llrl+ trlEnle +EEg +{tsqq.

=|6l|ut
L *ql s='Jol+ t+. %lB. rl+ql BEdg +4tsq4.
=Ai;lA+
. dgl-Jfl 7f =ts$e 6f4!+Lltl.
. HJ^IE|1E a0l7l= zoF.
^l-J=3 == ^lEftrtel

2. trlsqe +HEg +4Bq+.

^Js
. rH:+= rH+4_e. flqe.
. LIE e=fl^l"J =dol
Ll= +4e -dets. Itol.
=
3. 'ql-il b *91 "lul '-=] . '-g' . '-€-'r+ +zl E=€ ^lE_ r-ol7lE *qq.

04 olpl EE l16l
> -(ol)=(^l)
E€+ ag dqol4 ?+a E= olqlrll dqflg +q6l= A+ql +qq.
I gErl Flql 4q c4zlzl g+g qtr-g zl^la}= a+E gla, '-(ol)=zl -(ol)
Ezl'e +aqq aolzle aJ-qq-.
. "Jol= Hgol= EoloF e= LHII.
. fl^ll=^l =
E== +l+E ttHTl ?l=
^f7l

z. st '-q, -qlal, -(-9-)E FE 4^l Flq Eq ;'<olzlE'*q+.

. q=oll=rl 7lEoll=^l qg= qLJ^ltl.
. Eolal ++oilzl=^l 4EEl= 710F.
=r+

> _(ol)elE_
qEl +q^J
^l-E
4 "t€91 E= ag qg + $, o I=-=. :-{oJt}ut dq9}g +4
Hqq.
. H.eE 'Jf+s
. =E+7f
cd-dEll Hf=olel.E +^1.

> -(ol)etE7t
qL aolLt dqqqE tr-+$.= gz.Jg +4tsq+.
^l-E=g
+g=ol q= E^loll= al.Eolzl=7f ,q+ola[=7|- 6f= 'ziol ?ttrf.
^f+

)-(9e+q
qH 4FE ul*q= qtr-gg +4tsq+.
=gdol4
ofHl^lE+El E^17| eJtrl.

Chaoter 1 -"iColE
 EJEo.| ++| ^H

)-(9exl
*E B^l7l qH zl4"l 9l+g +4BqEl.
. -*$ofl/l 6'}|0F g oJOl +10lflqe?
. 0l qt+= nl,\l=- Ee,,tl 4EJdl^l er+Lltrl.

-ulul
1. 'al+E "lzlo_l 4zlz1ts4S"l + el F-g-E 4Eq+.
. +aJ o'ftrlElE g= HI:iltrl.
.0lBlrl= "fE =#Ef^J
#e.a1a Enlrl Ef rJolqalEf.

2. q€ rldol ++4?] qt q}E a+q oJg z}=a}q +q-Hqq.

. LlEl=Elrl TfslalE q7l gg +71 6lLl?

. LlBl^l _E=E_|E old g H.cl.
^laJol

3. olol gq+ zizlq olsH=ql Azlqil qdlqag ++tsq+.

. b0l 9=E1l HlaJEfE
. ts-E. HJr :.a;l =qE|l=?L|t. qal+.
EufxJs trrz
=oll

-o13
u. Er
'"J# e +Cg Lt4q= Ea^lEq4. 4a^l 'q4l'g Flql Eq q€ qtl
g *4, aa*g +4tsqq. +q4("J'Jolq. ea.<l g/='4s ut+J *
+ 9l+qEl.
ol4E a+ '-"J# e *Ag ++u11= '-"J rl ag FsE Ht+l g + 9l+
qq.
. qqLlollllPJ=p €6t| Eelal_L :q[Ecll.
. ol g= r-JoilziloJ=3 gala dfltrf.

04 qfl.EE lt63
> -"Jq
€^le+ qgqr Hqb HIE^I +e€49 'Jol sqq. szl r €^l+"Jg +El
tsqq.
. +DlLloll= E ?E+Oil flqg..
. Eel 719. LlTJol flc19.
^=q+oll

-_H i7
1 'H.i-l' L +E 45ol olz.l= qltlg +{tll= +^14 =^lErltrl. +A€^tE
Ylql Eq €"lzl +El'll= €Fol "lzlb {r}g Ll-ElBqq. 'ql/l'e+ ec-Lt
E"Jql^l aolq :. aolb Hflzl #qq.
. +71 LIH_r. r "JE 6lafr
:a{Ll?

. ttll ++Hr 6f= 4'aloF?

2. 'E;r 'oJ6ltrl. Etrt. +61tr1 Fl} +Zl trl= ^l+9 "Jg "J+614+ zld
tr-qlHlg
= qltleE 6lr "Jg ql AEqq.

>-+
t€^l+ "J+ a^l Flq Eql *"Jol +g+g qqLll= a^lEqq.
1. t goltrl 9 Ee 4ql q= ae srl+ otqJ. szl s"J"Jol g4q rq+g
qEtEq+.
. LHTl /.|aJ6I= /.haJe LIEOl0F.
. -* + 9t= sl+cl= gGlEgLltf.
^ll7f

2. l+E '-+("J) otq+ E +ceE Aql *"J "JrE q= a"l q 9l+g Ll-E}
Bq+.
. trla d3 /.|-aJ3 Ll# olLltrf.
.'J[HE --J+oll^lg"J OlLlal- l1l4l4_e._e +86ftr1..
^lgp

164 Chapter 1 -"-!ColE

 EJ.4cl+q
^E

3. + Hl+* 9"1€ zlzl+ 49 + =,<l 1]J r+ qlql' zl fl#t14. 'g' ol 'olr{

-u- ,

'otrl4 el"J q€-4b rll Hlall '"J r+ '+ql'= r+zl ?++tlEl. 'qlql'= +
c+ql 4o1-7, '"J g +4+4 +C+ EF AEq+.
4. '+' *q €+^1, 'ol4'z| 9H '-€. +'9 +dge. aolbcll oltrll
+'e z\zl=:^l+ E=€^lEqq.
"i'14

) -(o1;op7(ol)otuJE_
'(ol)oF b 'xl€6lol zlzt;t g *61r, 44^l= ql4l6l= zl}$ 6l= 3^lEq
4. '1ol)oluJE '(ol)oF el ,J4€E.l+.
=
. Ll{oF, oF"Je} +lafa "J-g + ?lrjlLl?
. E,\I{oF, 0F"JE} 4=:-d 71.^l trl+Olrl.
*oF"JE}
. Ee g.eLl .FJol{Ot, + fi.tr|.
=01 =

x '-ott:Je'= +^lql €Aq{ *oJ

> -ql4l^l
B+E 4.A= LlElrll= +^l4a^l"Jqq.
1. "l g.eAA4 4flge q= qltlg.+4tsqq.
. Lf= r AEE
. Gltrl =i8ollzl^l =9tr|..
aol-^l7f 8eq..
^ollzl^J

2. €Fol dqq= t^= +El.Jqq.

l4|= +8=ollzl^l 'Jel +gEltrJ La1o|c1.
El.8Ee q^EollZl^l .PJol ?ltf.
^

3. qltr-g xl{a}-r. r9 €4, 54, -s^l €-g ^J+.Jg 44LJq4.

. Ll0llzlll EE0l ?itlE dE6l.tf= tr0ltl.
. +g=ollZl^l €ie-"t ag A+oll Cl aol+.
=
 +alql^l +qq4l qH 4+l= E6l= dzl BFatb
qtg +4Bqq'
.3efE r q^o|zl^l +gg 'J:ilr-f.
. +al= l 'J^ f otl zl
^1
71tr='J:dtf .

s. 9H 49lzt "Jq+= * +EE '-r z|$rll'7t q= ql.$g'tqBqq.

. €trl1el fl"JP ?al *01.0F -dtr|..
^ft]ollll^1
. -l.alI'Je olol=oll1lll + ?ttrf.
^l+ =

> -qlqTV9lrt
qB 4€lol €4q^l= ?til:ol-b P^14 4^tEqq. '-ql+ '-qlr+
^l=
9l
=
zY 4 €g €qlE'l+.
1. "JC+ 4flq Eq .r zlltg 9lzl4-e-E zll^l6lq t41*+
: LtqBqq.

. EollrfTf TIHJ= qla +f,oll 7Jtf.

=
. r-2J *€!olltf7f
=q+qe|..

2. q€ .Jol4 €5g E= +itl= +Elts.l+.

. +gtl.
=Lf+ollrlTl =z
. +gollrfTf 8+== +zfr

3. E+q ++ Fg +4Bq+.
. olE= =e!trolltf "JalE
. olltc= €*tr|. =trf.
^ioilrf

4. ElIq El+$ qltlg LtQtsqq.

. qlg q^l= Hl+-dtl.
. ^FJ=e gfl= =olltfTl
Egel eollrfTl ullahq qE-stfl. "J-dtl.

.l66 ChaPter 1 -4ColE

 5. q€ 99l4zl q*g +4tsqq.
. +/l
| -l
^ll-l
E\tllr.-f EJrl.
. olH =Dl^l
e;ollrfTf 8q=zl^l E=rf.
=oll=

x '-ql'91 '-qlE+7t'9
.JC* +lzl=
"E Ll+.ll= {dol+= ql^J €Xl 4ol4 '-9l4z|
"lE$ E+
'-ql'Br+ q 4q+ (9-d*, ++61) glil= e+q "J+qr+.
=
> -3:t
1. '-47Y Z ',e+^l7t qtl6lzl *t 9ol E "JqH g F6lr, 4a^|= ql4l6l=
Tlbg 6l= ol4g B€Eol4 a+Eql a"lzl *'JtJtrt.
=^lEqq.
. L14-f tal "J3 6tLl?(+4 III rHd l fi=)
. zlr7f Ll-dEll^l E-E ul|gtz HUl|gtOl ,Jrl.(+44 5^l El|u i HS)
^lzl4if
qltl6lxl *t 9"1 E "Jqts
,,
"lqlE +tlol Hl+84"J +tlol € 4Z e+^l7l
g F6lb '-z^Y zl Elzl9 qtlg 9"lE rtls6lr. 9l= €€84 a++ql
L$.7]r tril+Eqq.

. LII^| 7 f slal al.*

. qaxf =el
:dE LHII.*

> -rl?
+_e E+ "J+*+ += Fg LlEl4b ea.<1grJtrl. 'lltel +lql €q Et+E
mld$,ol 4o;4ai€' +3 tl$q rql sgq= 44+tllzle\'+=H
Ll+Bqq.
1. '419$,ol -EF= "J+6lq -H-H'9 + ++tsqq.
. r^filr IlTl +8= ?J= fi.+.
. -d+lfaJ^lr A^|""t=^feJ6|-^l ^FJe
-e.=E /'IaJP S.tr|.
 2. EFE tr-4ql^J H.q\l + 'qlel4eE E i$'l4tsqq.
. q+^iaJ^lr= -d+"J= E 6f= troltf.
. 71=^l-r-= -9.= -Jul= .pj3 €0ltrf.
=^l
3. 'qL aolr +ql'E Fg-s qEl a+= EF sge-g LlEltsrl+.
. 0l Ef=^lr q! EollLl. 214=ltl fi,= dol 9.tr1..
.,\lal dfLl= tl +61-= E^lr +?l Br= '^Itr|.

> -(g/=)zH
'(-g/gJ4€' g'aA9- r^t6lr. Eqq'q= Fg +Ettll=
g 4t"l+ +flq ,_71 €^t€'ql E+qq. g4'd l+A.d'g=^lE.l4.
"14,
,71€,el ,Jr€
E'l tr}.

. Ll= 98Gl(7lLJ, 4F3 lH+ -d nfalE + AF?,trl..

=71'J)
. _r.ts Lf= HJ7l7l(71L3, 6f^l pj?trl.
=7lLJ) =oJ,\lE
. -L= +6(71'i. 371'J) qld SrlE qaJ+.

> _6Jql^J
Etql^J ^l+g LtEl'll= €^t +s E"ES +4.11= €^le+ aEl6lq ^J+qE
Btlol r +Als+q "JqHg Ll-Elql= 4=^lEqq.

x -ql4l.H, -qlqlrlE Hlil

. #_e ,t 193 LIE|LH=
olz E+oJlzl^l g3 dEolrf.
E^fef 0l e0f^lollzl,r.l 54 LJ^HTf '-JLlrl.
. Eq^ll E-d =-Er-
d+ollzl^l S"JTlxl A4= E?,t#Lltl.
olz gg d=oloile.
. +-E ,\FJ= LIEIL|1= B^lef =+-dEll^l
ol eof^l-dEll^l ++ LJ^H7f Lfe.
. +oj^il EE =-Ef
Tl+-stEll^l 89ttxl aq= E?tcls

:: Clapter 1-"iCol=
 + Efs€g ffiq +6lq^J EHzl eazl. * zlzlzl olrl+, F Tlzl old-ol Ll
Et t E€g'JElq4. ol4b
"Jr glqot El +qlEi€Erltrl. trl"J+ +HzJ _s_

7l q€rll aql6lq 2!9=zl ql+g €|6ll "Je+^1tr}.

^'

> -= 4zl 9lrt

1. 7l-bColt.+ Szlol .Jq+= Ezlel q$g +Eltsq+.
^ldE
. EdlE e= +E ?G19.
^l7l =Zl
. BeolE Ll.+oll^l .gGl^l= +7f ?l^19.

2. tlql$^lql '-(e) t_ +71 9l+ € 44 9++q4. irolb A+= E=H^l

=
'f zl$21 'oJB, ++ g +Elg qlE q r+.
I

i =3 #zl ?lor-l 4€ El^Jle.

> -(98 Sels

1. +€g rl+g r}614l E€61='J"Jql, d€€r+ ,Jz 44ql^Jb qlETl g+
g Ealrll !,€olb "JEq+.
. PE-d elTfol +EOIE Ll+ HluE-a..
. -d=ql a?,teE =afE
-d+"J= r=rzl E 617l= e=qe.
=af_E

2, fl+g +4!l= {"le+ Aq]6lq '-(ol)+H E+E, -=/(9)L-r}E Ezls..

-(L/_g-)+H g+E, (-g-)tlH g+E, -;(tH g+E I € 4lE. ^|&aJU r+.
) -(9./ts 4tl'l/rfl6|c|
:HFal4l ll"lb qE+ q€€ F6l='JEq4.
.]. 'JIf= EC6l "Jdf=
= ill-g +H+oll 9.3.+Llrf.
. gtrE s.=5
^ll-sr-Lltl.

-ot/q/q Llltrt
+qq Ee-E qE "Jg €"li^J SC^la+= qg Ll4Bqq.
. LllTl r "J= 6|] '^I+Lf.
. r. r== Ztl LHI EfdLH 4?J= El*gtole.
^FJS

IHOll
LE EI

1. + q 'J+ S€g 617l +l6lq, q= jlati^t '-tr IrJEl, -ot BIE+e+

All6lq )^7lE*qq.
. zE+ "t+ {|-at e; E "lzt r trj z;lof rf-.
ut.f

. tszF -E +oJal uj*l utl a atzfi:-t.

z. €€9ul '-q^l'el allolgbrll. '-^J'= C++c-trr^l -H4€:^le+ a-e-

€qls l!ol= 4?zl9l+q4. "l"ll9 tll+ Ef^}E^J !1=61+ I
FEqq. =
o zlzl 47{t-1.s1- "f el A1+ tt-1(t1) u1lr11a.
o *lzlE E "1(,<l) u11 + HFaJLl El-.
^lzl

> -ot/q/q lrlultrt

FzlE $Es "J+ +zlE zlBol selqq 9l+q+. Cq4 +EE 44ql^J e
zlqlq q*Hql^J e=dd*,:z4rF+E ?t4€*=_ EdElqq.
=^lg+,
. g= trl ELl| qe-iqg.
. )lE Llg gg
"qHal^119.
--: Cnapter 1 -"-qCol=
 EJEol tsq ^E

x -q qqq, -I'JE+E Hlf, l

'-q Elq+ Elxl9 cFl= +4q1= HlE. '-tr "J+ rld"l+

= = ^laE
+'Jg Llqtsqq.

) -(9./= €ql
dq + ++q g.€€ol "lF"leg F6l='J"Jql d68 Fz+g Tle6l=
ia"ztg
4€ol ar EE9+g +Eltsq+.
1. F4F^lql eaq= a+

. q7v17 | g0l E Eoil d+71+^loil tltrf= 7l= "JAl Elflcl_e..

. e.e.! E+oll EH=aJ Eoll d^llE Tt|goll €g:x{rl.

,. sltr-g +ElLll= +€^l€ 9"1 '-H'I+aEl4q '-H €41_e. .u.o]=

4? : d€ Fz+E 1f689 sltlolb 9"lzl 9l+q+. =-ql'I
. qE= +r 6l+E= *E Eoll HJ= +:ilGle..
. taldfE Eoll 6H=:I= *$qe.

s. 9ulzlee E"49 +4.11= E^l qgql '€ql'= 4= ?.f : olag de B

,r.l. zlxllz| +€qq +dg dlTl uilEEqq.

. _tr8 Eoll +ol 3rl.

. z 8El Eoll H= 9!"!0laf trJq HJ7ffltrl.

) -zl u|$olu|
Etlg +q= E+€9 €rl€ol|q, 9"lzl oe "JH€g 714 {e-P, dll +
+9 +q7l '-zl' €^l€ql '-llsg 9"lgl g*€.g LlqBq+.
'&€-d a0l Er-d a?l^l ofU^l= 84617 | Lf=oJLItf.
. 7fE^llEol +Ee /.186lTl Lf=oJLlrl..
 IHOll
LE EI
1. '-zl Q$olEf el Ag Fss '-= +Eolq E 'i'7lE.Jq+.
^J *+l-z **f E
-a_ zl-zt zf *j r-f-E o1rp.

2. '+g e q el Ag "Ja ql$^l+ E5l qlg^lql €q^J )^7lE 6Jq+.

}{zl-9E E= '44-E ++619'el 9"lE'l4$qq.
. "tH "J3 't- LF?g z AJ4E tl'f.
. +j+ *J 'lB " z 7t++ +t+H otl+ 7i tLt.

) -(9./= ,Jql
d€ F+g 6l= TlElql +41 +B F4g +Et= H +4tsq+. g4E +4e
dq F+g 6l= ql 9lq+q+.
. qTvtlTl . aql fl+= "JLlHr 7loFrjtolg.
. +trJoll 7J ?J}ll ol.Eoll E= HgE ittrl..

tE"J]
'-= aql'= olFq 9ulE +El'll= F^t"J € + gle+ ,_+ Aql'= A
g + 9l= F+F^IH + € + 9l+q+.
=q^J

>-=/(9L/(9= {9otl
E"^lql Eq^l rq+ q= ++Bqq.
=dol+
. E:d g0l gt= 3+oil= HlSg= +=Llrl.
.,\|rTI "Jg-iI= 3+El 119-+ dEl= 6f^119.

l72l Chapter 14ColE

 aJEol E ^E

x -(e)= 7d+(oll), -(9)= u:il(q)E Hlf,

'-(e)a q(q)'=
1.
^l{g +{zleE +4rll= ar-lol 9l+qq.

2. '-(c-) = A+(q)'= tr-+"Jg +4ts.1tr1.

> -rlql=
"JFl q ^F+Elq+.
++614q ol"tzl= zlzlt_ xtdg
=g ^d4-g
- -H.Tloll= ol Fol llg g qEzl= 7i,Jola.
. ^ll7f
LHTI olH +g0ll gEF= _Elzl
=7lE= 'JrH.

-tlic|=xJ
F^lql Bq^J g4 zlzl ^ld +ql qL 49 dq6lrl+:r. qL ag dqflE
rJ*"] S+g +4lllb s.€Eq+.
.47J01=^l ?jeLlTtt ++= el+=^l 6H0F -g 7j 2Jol9.
. 9z= Eo.E L|HHtrfEIl EH=J= 6l|0t^lg.
=tl=Il

)-(9EF -(9et
1. F 71
"ltlE €+l= dlL+-r. E++, E= ++ql^l El# +48 ut +Ll+.
tr+-4^J +E€ql= EIHEq= x€ +Et4b trJ"J"] g + 9l+q4.

. LleE 0lZ 6faF 6laF bu

^lZ trl= -Jol gi.ols_
E[Gqr[.
. ^l+€oll
EaH6lat €71^l6fzF +oll Eol
= ^ll7l
 2. '-(9-)+ -(e)+ +^lE
=
+qd '++++ €.ol 9i=rll "14*;!61
^JFs
E"Jg +4.Jqq.
=
+al= ++ 8401 .J=^l +aF+aF 447fHJ= .ulrl=e.

> -zl4l I (e)vlnl I zfzfl trJd ol

^l
'"JC olzl' E 4oln. +461='Jg €A6lq '-9(91/S)eq e *q'E Fg Ll
{Hqq. .u-F '-(9)q'. '-7lql'. '-44' Flql itEq+.
. g4= _FJol "J501^l s^f= Hg:ilclg.
. E^l= =Hl:9IeLl
=JTloll 'J€0lrl doll
= =cleJ==.

> -rll4l u|flolr|

1. '-71' g}q +"J €.4olLl z]'$;-Brl+ =J.€+g +4tsq+. q+^J
^td 5o1
"JHl4"J +zlolLl dr-l9l 4ol4 4tolQ +Bq E++qq.
. +trlLloll ?teE ^^71 Elalolrl.
=01
. "J3 ?J9-+ E7l rfalolrl.

2.'-z'l ul.floltrl '-41 olHol+e+ ag FeE Agqr+. '-zll oldoltrt

= '-4'=
F^lq Frl€ |ul ,4d^-l Hql s= 'otdoltrt E +^16l= AgE = '-
zl u|flolr.f e+ ql4g + il+qq.

> -= Hol't
zl€4.J HzlolLl eql 9ol :Bzll E'g't$ts.lr+.
. "JE qal H +*3 Eolrf.
=3 a+)l
.413 =eE
EHe Holtf.
=71

174 Chapter 1 -"iColE

 cJEol #4 ^H

-'-l= olt
L [ti^]ql jlolql '-4,o.| zl{ ,<}4ol+E E F
.:1.4O A+= 01Ai -d+ Tl+ ElllEttrf.
^t+l7l=
,JE= E-d olAt q 7rLl=J Ej97l Ed.qz EEilolg-
. ^14r.-d
=alLlTle

t€+^lql Aolql '-L aol zl{ ,<1gol+El'E 5j

. rTiol E+el Etr"J oldl €:e6lzl trl+^l gr= + Ettr+.
. L= tEi7fel :g^lalE ol.u 0l-8g +€flol E! + lttrt.
=E^f7f

; -ufzlE_
qH e+l+ ^J4zl += 491u1-tqle €ril Hlgg r+4rll= s€Eqq. 9"1
'-4zY a^l ',E zl +4.| 4"J S€gq+.
e+
L q€ €fl+ tr4zl += flfl+ tIEIE d4 Ht€g +4Bq+.
. ol0l= /.[EJolalE HE gqLJtrf.
^ftrl7lE
. olol=3 fle|1 i+7fE ?= Holtrf.

g€ g"l d* ol4zl zlzl 9}=+= i$ +4ql= '"JQzlg eE gol4/

Eq4,+ Ae ++ s€ol il+qq.
q==sl llzl= €'J gtrl7;-= e=4,1o19.

> -= F "tts F 6tct

tso^t9tl Eql q€ qflE gd6l 4l4e alzl ?++g +4tX= seEq+. "l"l
€J 4, Eo^l tJEf E +}+€ '"tH r+ E
,_=: r+ 4"J '-=
E=€^l 'EJ
"l ElZl
'€l ol El4l ilql e€9q+.
=B^l

04 0l+l .Eg
 1. qE Bfl= 6l= FE 6lL 6t;<l ?+= FE 6|q gC6l 6txl *rl.+ zllqls 6l
zl ?++g +4tsqq.
. Ef= E rf= E 6'la gul LlsJolp..
^l=
gol
. el^f Hfrul^l d?JgE df= E Ef= E 5 dZ= +trf.
=
2. +4E d-+g gg ulb F^lq '-e F "J F g, ul4E t}+g "Jg ul= F
'-g F "J F'g +q+.
^lq
.g==EELIET'J IlLlrJrf.
. ol7l7l trFE s E "J E 6ltf7l ^== trt=gtrf.

> -(9=_7tt Wl €4 6olct

?4zl +zlql ql+ EE= qd6l dq6lq a€6lxl *6lr "J€"lb u +q #q
+. Hql '"J+ q4]q 4E E" rlzl ;rolzlE Elqq. ?E Eo 4Eo ^le+"J q€.B.ltrt.
. Ll:dEll 0l Hl"Jg 0H7l6J7tl oJTt | 84=0lrf.
. trlE -+7loll= -qtloll ETtl tDl 8460lolle.

> -(9= {(tfl'$)

dq rL"z+4 +q E40l q4 ol+qdg +ElBq+.
. --J+"JE H|].3
'J tl4E "J-J =
,\lEoll eJ+qtrl-.
. +lEl {!=J=. -g ,J EE E Z dH^1
=7lzl= ^[aJ+Lltf.

*"J/6lul
-7lE 6lJ. -7lE
dq€+ +q€g E4ol+ ^J4zt + zlxlE gqHg ++tsqq.
. +"Joll= r4= E.l7lE 6fz L*Ar.= iltl.
^f7lE
. EC= 4tl= dfr oJ 4a fr7lE 6H-".

176 chapter 1 -"lCol-E

> -+l=l7l=7]'J
*9 ^l-84 FIE ^l-+g ulaaJeE4l H+= +€6t= #- Ll4Bqq.
1. €^le+ B^|= €a6lb 4*
+C4 9ulE +4.11= +tlqi^J N=/e4€
:
NE E €4gE r^q, +q €^lql '-E r+ '-4^f €q^l +qq.
=
. dHqq-.J37lLJ 7f EJq-?..
. ^l=
Ll= ^1|+EollE =
oJ Ll8rl.
=E371'J =EE

2. +^l:frE^J +^16l= 4* : olzlzl zlqlg],H 'll+4= 94 -e-al4 r "J

€q=
44 44zl .JqU A+q E EF= xll^l6lE^J 94€ zJ=alts E€ELltrl.
. -J7l=71LJ _EIlaf,\l HEJG|9.
. =01
Lt|g0l 3+=45 '*at"J
^l-d?.ltllE

TEOII

E^le+ aql+ '-+4€'g '-= r.^16lr.'e+ 4zlg + gl+q4. :244 F

^le+
aQl* '-zlb7l€'g '-i- zrla|-a-'e+ utTzl **qq.

> -gl= _il^t6lr_

tB^lql Eql g. E^le+ Fl E^l-= ulra|{ *E ae "Jg 4E g{ol. $zfi.;'ir
q qq+ 4"Jg +4L]]= E€Eqr+. 'tr^l6la' zl- gla ,'xo'
=^l 's-'r+ +^l
s€Eqq.
1. sE ae "Jg 4E $,.g "J+ E7l-b6lzLl q;J+q t4}-4 q +tg +t E
tlE a+r+E €zl ?+trlz+ +e a1ol+E Ht+tr}= gul= 44tsLltrl
. HJoll^l 953 r,\idfr E=iIeE
=illLl
. EaFMITH= r,\ldfr afE_=. g * #q9.=A+Lltf.

2. i -r.r.1a}l'71 4ol= tl+g g+4s-e +A4ELlQ. r4oe. qge g

F€ Eer-E'l+.
. EJoll^l g5g :t,\ldfr. flEoll,\l gEE .PJol il+Llrf.(x)
.11= -zt? e.a15 r.,\16lr. 9al-=. EF-Er-Llrf.(x)
=+
 3. b -L,<1a1-r' '=4€' "lq oJg aE S,l. E tst+q € + $+qq. q
= $.a +44t= t+ql^lLt +44"J t+ql^t 4 a21"3
"J '=
oJe: aE
=
b lr.1a1a e+ '=4.d'e +c4"J t+ql^J+ +q+.
. EJBMITI1= ?^l-6|-r. al-EolalE E i3H.eE
. EJAfirlTH=4LJ afEolal-=. E #olE =rJ!o|g.(o)
. EJBMIT|1= "J-# zi_=. flr. afE0lafE=eqs.(o)
El i=0lE
. Uoll,tl 953 I f6f-L droll^lE g50ltl.(x) =4lc19.(o)
. HJoll,\l g=ezLj dfoll^lE g=o|trf.(x)
. HJollll 953 "J-* zi=. flz dzoll,\lE "J50lEl.(o)

> -(9=eflo[/eflE- (9= fz[ $c[

*zlzl 9zlE zlzlt- "l+nl r=qqE cJ q$r{l tr + S+g +E}'+lA+,
"l^J
ffl+ €Fol Bzli.El$ +4ts11tr1.

. +zi+ol Lrof^l s=a|loF sE +7f fi.=e.

. olrll LIE trl Et=a|loF EIldl EtE +71. H.tl..

-oll ultfl/ul tfl ,rl /ul{q

t$^lql €ql HlrE qltlg Lt$'ll= s€E']trt.
1. 9 B^t7t ElrE 4^Jol qq Fl 'll+4 zJ? 44zt 9l+g +49 ql +qq.
.Ael= +aloll Hl6H gq= g-dtr|..
.I ,\FJ3 0l= aoll Hldll,l'l s.flE E
=dl|.

2. Eul ilol ${ol 'ql Hl6}H' os € + 9l+qq. '-ql HIE} + s+, '-ql
=
ElEl a $.trr, '-ql El€- ql s+, '-ql Ele Hl olqq , '-ql ul€- 4, "ttl
+ E +Cg-E 4olH q= ar+ ulr* + $.9 "J+ +E+ zlzlzl 9l+g E
"l-Jqq.
 tJEol +q ^lH

-zl-H-uli
*9 Ltl+r+ FIE ,++g Elnilg q Flel Lll+eE 6t= 4ol q *+= 9"lE
+4tsqq.
. EC6'l 8+dlE -d+q= g -g + ?l= Zqls.
^lF=71-EEl=
.,J== ^l=^lal 7l= Zj-ol
6l7lHtrl= 4 ,4ol.
+-+=
==

-zl oj#oltrt
4+ ++4es q€ "Jg g*6lz+, El*46lzl ?+zl €+ = Fg +4tsqq.
. s=g A4-dtrJ zis. qqqelTl g+oJLltrl..
. ?J3= =g
?J l E t^l-= EF nz l7f "J+tl.

-ol/q/q qlq
Eo49 HI*4ee. 4+6lq As.zl ;<l+zltrl= + +ElBqq.
rq=q +Ll?
. e]| r.=Jll
.r. FJ3 fl61 ?ol 'JLltrl.
. qE E?J 14= 9lol HtrlLl hol olEle_

-t 6ttrt
rF^lq €ql qH tL+E Hl+g +4q= seEqq. '-a=E+9 €ol=s
€E LlEl.
. eel= zEl r*oll 7f=:r{q9.
. €3ol= qldoll e= 1{rf.
^f+ =zl

04 qfl .EE lt79

 tE"J]
'-+ 6l+ '-tr= 6ltrt e+ u|$zlxltr Hl+g + s= tr-slq^J= 4"J +
fl+qtr}.
=
o Enl 7l 14 +ftfzf ^t",I"-t s.(X)
. 4 "l"l +!t7 et*F+ *fr1u| +ll'r.(X)
"t+ +t?

> -ot/q/€ FuVFcl

F+ol gt r}4zl,rqs e_ql E€Eg +qBqEl.
.Il= trl=61"L177[ r'J LH+lzl Flll9.
.01== ul
. =r =ol7f^lls.
++ze liaJolltrlTl '-lq
=?tqg.

x '-q F+ '-q ++ q El6lq tlq E= rlZl"l EJ s4 zl+Eg Ll4

tsq4. =

) -(9'li.l= BHI(sJ (:.tetel)

dB6l= q+l= 6lb 4Btrl= +B6l= €9= al-b 4ol q q+€ +4ril= "J
Eq+. q+^J + 7l^l + 611+= dqElg q4LllsE ts"] 4zl€ =49 6q
trt. +^l z}+q'E Al^J +q6l= Bflzl q ++g ztaslzlE 6ll.. 'otql'=
/q^J il€+q +q q+l= qQlg 444zle -Jq{.

.6f+ +?lU ?t= Hl.oll= +eE Ll7ls.

. d+==g
^lafal
+alE,tl d+=g -=f HlolloF
"J 6l= aol '!trf.
. +Hj e-#7l4.lo_e zJaJ= -g Htoll= rfg zlel-+ ElE,\ltrl.
^lefal
 EJEpj#
^lH

) -./E5lxt
flzll ,r|{tr "Jts6}q reE}J. aE "JA€ r}d"l zl49l * "lzlzl4 Edqa
,f 9g 4E"J€ +4Bq+.
. +al7l E=.^I^l gElLf q=qa af= LHlllg?
. 0l^ll "J-d.^Irt ++ 4E0l ?tolg?

-7171+d4l
tF^lq Eql qtr "Jol g+xllllzl ulE Q$ Pol gqHg +e}6lq +4q=
s€fl!4. "l"l '-71'el 4l '7Y rEr €+^t '+dtrl'E g+€ '#idAl'zl
+41jr"J s€ilqq.
. Eoll Eole.zlTl +tr711 "J+El qfl+.
. "Jol EL|T *gzll rfzl uJos qaJ+.
' =ol7l.

f90|l

1. ot4ql^JxlH '-zlzl +d7ll'9 s4 Hq= €+^l7l g + flzl"J, €€-

'-olzl4 zl €q F^l7l qH 3 + gl+q q.
^tql
.'j*f zl "1frztzl 1flAt Isl't.(X)
.'f*f zl "-t4+l7l7l F^lzll +gJeE-F.(O)
' o ?l E"f tzlzl P^Jrtt +?*flt1.(X)
' o?lE"l lol-7tztzf +fr?1| ++*H["F.(O)
2,"',-zl7l EtE4'l' E '-7171 +d4'l'el Elie gulE
^F+E.lEt.
' .4^! E'l-zlzl- Hl-.s.dl trF^t lf elTF r1z!t1"]r-1.
^l^l7l
o H F rl+*,{^-l 4.ll -g ?l7l Hltla 711 t-Jc{4l +9/tF.

04 olF{ Eg I l8l
 > -7lql s^J(^l)
1. * Eelel B+l= 6lzl dql H E+E 4+lE Hxl El9 +qHq+.
. .lel= ll4f6l7l0ll gll qelEAl ?J^lel "J#= =aJLltl.
. EHqtfloll t!+6l.7l0ll g^l Bs-d rl^l= golat.

2.'-zl dgl'4 9"lb '-zl doll'= gt4g] qls]-ql^J 4+ r^olr.

+^l6LzlIIJ
HIH '-zlq s^l(^JI qE+ g€, Er F *^lzl?l ;(lnlq^l +e AEqq.
=
. Et= rfTl Eoll 3^l= E= ?i3 grtrl.I. -dtrl.(o)
. Et= g,(J
-4= q= ag=^l grtrfr -dcl.(x)
^l7loil =^l

) -(9 . /tsutl /oll.sr E+6tl.

* +tr-E ^ldrl d:d +4l$,ol H ++ol "Jqtsqq. ,_(e)r_/irJJE g ?tZ
s€Eqq.
T .:atg EC"-l 8+6f=rjlE E+.-l.r ltr= E Hlg.
. 9ifl=tJlE E+.-|-r dlqdqe.
. =01"-l= ^FJol
lZ0l -Pi?,I=EJIE E+61r. ofFzls. ilq9.
=

N pF 'EllI' E EElTt glrltrJ ?EE €Eq rplTt gl+qq.

-(s)./tsrJl ( -(c-)r_/guJf5 ( -(s)r,/EHIE'+l+6lJ'
> -= 6Jol glq_E_/glqetE
Flel 4+lE +l6lq g}ql 9-= ^J*ol q^J6lrl+ *=,.4"t g ++zl?] t+gg
+ElBq+.
. frq -dol glol-= rollzll += Hzl^l grfltrl.
==
. ol=HlolE= dl= -dol ?lclE Zl+614!trt.
=+=

- r-liula./-(ol)et+ 1l q elE
sel HE 4*ol ld.+fl+g Lr4tsq+. 'ot+4
,ll9-"r+ -l=JE+a 6lq4E,
'ol+E -(./=J4r AE e+ ae 9"19t14.
. of+al sl=01 g.tl.+ cl=ollll U"J= -g + 9lol9?
^ltlafE
. ol+al rl+af+
^ltrlalE
olflUg trEH + ?i.ole.
=ol =

-rl d{.oltrt
"J++44q] 9"lE 714. E+ €r^l6ErrJ AEl6ll^J 4olq , 'E zl&rll €Bol4
ot+e + fElq+, qle.l S,ol 4 rel6lE+ ++g +4ql= "JEqq.
=
. "J= €E:iltrf7l= "Jtl.J6f7l dggLltrl.
. qTl^l rf+7f= gcl dafoltrl.
=71

-rlt 6lul
e_4 + zlzl 4tl"J9 614+ "t€ ^J4zl 4+Eg +4ql= s.flEqEL
L tF^lq Eql q= qE" e otzl g*l s4 + zlxl 4Eo oJ9 +g +4Bq+.
. +e:l7l E^l= Ea- 37l"J dl|9.
. eEl= ts71"J 6fa8+= 6hrl g=tr+.
.ln]| rl= 0f+ "JE -g + Etol^i flolg-
=71trJ
 Bql +e "Jol+ t]+g €6.]9 tszl ?+u E= f4ql +4ls,ol q
[€e"^]ql
€ t4zl zl4E9 +4Bqq.
:ilolg.
. -l.bf Fda'5al7l"J
.,\laJol S.equrl d0l 4E6f7lil -sr.Lltf.

> -^lLl
'-nzl 6lq'E 6trzl 6l= gE€ €€61= 1eE d"gEg F+g
#'Je..'<1,
6lqr 6l,'l"J F€Eol r_49 zilEdl= zaq| €+= FEq+. dqEE €.^l
tlzlt.^lE zll+Eqq.
=
3+6f^fLl #2, Exful Ef30l gr0l9..
=01^l

> -(9=z| .$c|/6|c|/Eu|

+^l7l r E+l= rlEzl o-e ql E c4ol 9l+g LlF+tsq+.
. ttlalTl olELl gel +gDf #rf.
.gEe "J= -g7if 6lrf.
. z€ollrl 0l raJg ,JDl Htg.

l
x -=z| H.cl, -Ezt ttqel HII
'-evl E+ e+ '-=_vl6l+ .<Je Qlzlp + 9l+qq. '-=vl l-+ +
= g4E ,J6l4l
zlE qE= r++Lil4+ olxlg +4'1lq +lElol qE+ =Elq
tr}. '-=vl6ltrl q.d6lxl ?+g Ezl= +EtB.l+.
=

Chapter 1 -4ColE
 tJtol sJ
^H

>-(g)qr E't
E"4€-^lgl Eq^l :aEl+ q+l= g EEE zlzlt_ 4+4 oE +d+g +4Bq
tr}. '-(e)ql 6l+ E+s A4. y4& += s€"Jq{.

. 0l0l7l= #71i'1a ELVtI trJ t=6H9.

^l+ gelr
. E+7f +lolE
.7H71 elTf Lf,(l +E= =+.
=alr.=trl.
1. +lE +q +ql
._7 ,-q E+ E €{EE + 9l= gs= ?
^J+ql^l €
zlq E+. gq =
71 9l- '-fl-tr E+ el €qE"J + + 9l='JE= Eq
r rl =El 9l+q+.
=+
2. F45^lql Ie)E 5=E+ 7l s.q^J 6l+9 +El$^le +qd 4ol ql#!4.
"JelE+
=a1=+,

oJe-E
l-(9=
Eo
4Eo qzlq Eolq , Elzlzl dBEE ag gELl q6}g
,.ll+r+ zlzlt_ $
qEE ^tE
qfl= Elg FElq+. a^l '-(q)s e+ ?"1 jrgqq.

. olF= EE so+ 0l0F7l= 6ltrlE9.

; =+:d
E= El xt| g-g.e €4|=gLltrt.
^l=

> -( o )E oJ6H/oJ6ll^J /oJ4q /"Jt

d"B B^l="fl"J9e. 4^l +4eql q€ 44zt +9# FElq4. izo4zl"J E
^l €- Eq4q^J F+"1 #q4.
. "J :.Jnftrl_+ ?.!6l|,\l rl-=01 J.l4E aolq.
. +5tl +71 ?l6H^l g 'J4 Fldd+t]trL
^lzde1 ^ll

04 0t+{ .EE | 185

 > -(o)E. "JolSot

. -J"fsl .9jg ATlo_+ "Jllfllof I|tr +?.!01 Elgtl.

=df^l
. EJ39Eo_+ "Jrlgof gEHzl= HEI= 7l^19A1Elgtrl.
=

x -(o)+ 9.ltll^1, -= HtElql, -(9)+ trJtrlgolE Hlf,

1. '_e "JollrJ'b g"Jol d€ E^lql z.ldzleE +dqq gl= -eola,
'-= Elgql'= F^lql Eq^J arr-E_ 'r €i^l +H.ql, r €6Je_E I L
4Eqq.
2. '-s oJul"JoF.= 'dq E^lE+q qtr €6Je_E'E F€- +4'llq 441
sl.€ L4, 4E€ y{ol Eqq. El+^J '-(e)E gul"JoF +q4r+
zi .J =
+^l "Jql e*"1 a"J.l4.

) -(9./(9= =l
i
I +q7l B+lE g"Jol Eg Ll4tsqq. +€4 "J g"lE +4.il= +tlql +E L
I "Jq+.
t . a+= zJlsE Eloll €ol *rf.
. d0l qq6l^l Eloll tH-+ e 7|=l= "J?t+Lltrf.
=-Lr =^lr

> -=/g Fql

1. q€ +a4 "J 44zl € rJ*"14 g"Jg +ElB q +qq.
^g7lAl
. goll^l rrl=5 Eoll 0l0F7l= * =flrf.
=9-d
. 0f0l7l g^H += Eoll -dtrtE
^frl =:ilGlg.
2. '-= Fql'= +E q€ +€4e 449 g?lr+ ElZl 4= s€9ul
=461b
trt. trl+^J *C4?l p45 a46l= g"J4 +41 4E q4+ s€ol 9bu],
"1fl 4*.ll= '-=
gBql'=.Rlot ElrJ4.
s. 44E tl+g'Jg rll= 5^tql '-g Fql'= +q+.
4. '-= Fql,e+ +^l+ E€ o-=. ,_= Hl+ql, , ,_= Rql/ee + + gl+q+.
=
.l86 -"ldolE
chapter 1
 6JEoj F4 ^lE

) -(9t Ltul^l
Ll+ d+ AEql $9 48ol fl"Jol4 olfzl qq q€ f $.ol FIE ,ll+4 7J

* AaIzt +4*El= 9"lE +ElBq+. 'Ll+ -ol/q/q^J -(e)= +H+ql ol

tsA

+ e+ El+* 9"19.14.
. Eol E6l= Aaloll Lftrl^l 'J= 7IOs.
=aJ
. oFE"J= 1l + lt Lltl^l 411"J= 6tr. "J?tol9.

-ot/q/q^l rfl7.l
,dB€ qlgq +eA+ +Z 4+71 )Ifltr+r. tdE f S.zl"J E H +4ts
qq.
. f-Jol ,Fjof,\l ral^l flElLf =Jtrf.
^l6|Eg
.30EolLf 7l+a1I1 raJxl a= E7J elTf Ll 91fltr1.

fgoll
LE EI

'olr+' qql q+.

rLJ *f-+
L1
rS U
LO
o:l uFct-
LE

> -(9==f "J=f 6tul

F^19 €'4ol "l+q z\4zl ?I ol+qzl4zl al-b a4lql q+g +Elt{= "JEq
4. E"49 tlq= +4Bq+.
,. g
?J7l| ttl|Eoll Eg+ "J+ -dtrf.
^h7f
. e+T 49+ "J+ -g €Ee Hl= "J?ttrh.
=ol

04 cl+l 'EE
> -714ol Srt
t€+^tql Eql ul€ rll $.ol 4$al|+ {+ dg.g zlaa|{
qE}Lll= E€gq
q q.
4. 9"1 '-7]'el €^t '4 , 4xl 'ol' , €+;.t 'Sr+ 71 6J4l 4 "J -E€ "J
. r86fq E= ELI oll^iETl III01 gltf.
. d Ll"Joll^f=
tl+= trJLlLl 7laa714l0l B.Lll9.
. qldel 9]ol EE, +xldfTl 4F0l fi.+Lltl'
== ^l=

-?1?l) olE ql S,tt

1. F^19 r}4zl E "lrJ "JC + $.9 4EE ql+FI g LtElBqq.
. €Pol= EElVlTf ol= tll S.= ,\FJololl9.
. EtrJolal,/.J -aEol +tralt l7l 0l= t'tl s,tl..

'-7171ol= ql S+ +^t€ 'ol$ rll flol'E Ht+q + + 9l+qq.

=
/.laJ,\aJ7l7f ol= tll fi,tf - olE Ell fi.01 /.|aJ'\aJ+

> -(9= zl?oltt

dB€"] zllzli ol+ ull$ql zlel +.J tl+ql ol= €€?9.+4Bqq.
. =J=J6H,\I +01 Ee
. +al= -Fjol qq^l ^l30ltl.
HH7l. E1tr lld|.r lt-f.

188 Chapter 1 qCol=

 EJ-Eoj sJ ^lE

> -= zl$rll
r. 9tr 4+lLt
^lag Eqe ull4ol4 ^J=*"1 zl$s$ +4Bqq.
. EE 7f8Ell EfELH
^FJ=o1 ^lZ_E=
. HlTl 9= 7lEr1l ?371= zl+Elgrl. ==^l0l ^l4qgq.

2. '-= 7l€Ell' Hql a^t 'ql, ql^J, E, ql^JE' €i"l E"l zlaatb Fg +Elg
+ 9+.JEl.
Lr3 Tltrllql
^FJol ^l4E= =g^]01 ^l4tElfltrl.

)-(9- lfl(e)
'olul gb rJ4 :4e
g*l'g F9 +4ql='J"JqEl. c€ F4g 6t=
H6lzl
tr-Ellq^l +€ E"4ol "lFqdg +4Bqq.
. IfIl= +oll tl trl01
^H =fltr;-.
. E= Eq TttrlLl ?J7l7l
=3 ^He =gcl9.

N -(9)L tll=., -= EiltrE Hlf,

ol$ 54tel €^lLl 8E]|7l E6l^l Lr 'E4r0l Tlg.-|ts Egal eol'el +E 4EtH
L ?!3E LlEl'J ^l+el
@ r.7t|= +?.1 I|] "JEH-J= -dtr|. @ LHTI a7H= +ol= r|lE LIEIE +q Ht-

) -(9./ts ot'Joll
d€Eol +4+E rldol "Jqq= tHolq tr-+g +4qq c4Eq E"^lqlE
4lel"l fl+qq.
EF= g6f= trl-Joll LltrJ Eolll EIALI?
.
. LHT\ 4 rlds F "J= trlEJoll +7= "J4.01?

04 olFt EE ll89
 ) -(9. li.l= i6|u|/i.$c|
F^lq Eq^J '-= a a+ I + +4tsqq. +4ql= '-t + qL
*oll ul*ol 9l+g +EtLll= '-d+ zl €{rJ €=^l+g
uJoloe qH ag ?*albcll
Elzl9 ++zloJ Stol 4Eq9gg +4Hq+.
. g^t| -d ElalTf Ll=7f^loll s= r.J H0f,JLltrf.
. E0l EdEl= =#fl=ql
Ef,l.l e+6lElfi,Gl9.
. =#rlLl
qE E+El ?al7|- LfEfLlTl= 7l+aJ
=#+Lltrf.

> -(9= $6|c|

'rH F6l+ b Fq +49 +ElBqq. 'H'ol 9€ ,tlde trl+q 'Jg6lZ+
E= olul ulFol E€ +4tll= $.tlo1ss, :91 "*L t*ol ol+qd a+q"J
€ + el+qq.
li
. tfg +oll= =JArgl g E-EtLltrf.
ra

e
. r40l q7l cltrl=oll ?t= HEtLlrl.

-(9a Cdut
'-= a, a+ +=, qltl.g +4Bqq. Eq4Eq= +q4E
el ,Jol gfol s.oJ
4"J €4q^J= zlft txzl 9++qq. '=d+ e+ Hl+l € + 9l+q+.
. LH"J3 Eol g €d=-9..
. =J €#e Ll+= Eg+E1 ?Jtrf.

-(9./ts z;ol 9lc[

'+ + yAg +4rll= E^ls^J elzlzl dq€r+ ae glzl+ +c
^J4g 6}J.
6lzl ?+g q #qq.

. +Eo\7f
"J= L1+ /.1+e.ts ,Jol glLt.
. E?J Tl-d ,Jol gl^loJ g=0ll E olEaJ+.
^401

190 chapter 1 -"iColE

 cJEol +q ^lE

> -(9)EJu| !-c|

q€ +ld€. "lF"l Er +q9 ggzl F9{zl, aqzl "l€rl1 g aoJxl= ulF
q d4elg +4.il='JEq+.
Tl+=01 e=g q7l^l 7lt1Ll Ele..
^la

)-(9= 4l Htttrl
zlfillzl! gg g 4l *ge qltlq= Aalzl 9l+q+. EF ?l =-3 €471 &
4 r}"1 #q+. q+ Bgql^J "Jg gs.E fl= 4+q +q+. q e+ '4= ^l
# E gql EF € + 9l+qq. +,'+ g gzle A4++ 9= "Jql=€ + $.
+qEl.
.8+= ?J dH^l IleE E 1l BIdHe.('JE6l Zqls.)
. Elol= rl= EH"J = 4l
^lC= = =
HJ6[|9.('JE6I Zql9.)
. ol^ll g= ^l?f6lLlttl9=E ^l4el
HJ6I|9.('JE6| ^14:g
*eLlTtl9= trl=:=r 1l 4=-g Zqls.)
. eqa "Jg =Zl
:d^loJ Hlurl^l ?J E 4l HJ6H9.(.JE6| ?t Zqls.)
=

-(9./ts 4ol
'ul4 E-H A+ ol4ol4* 4+ rJtr+ E H +4Bqq.
d LJ= +l €01^19.
. 0l Eoll^l
.:d+q a+= +lrl .gja -d HE rts al| +€-d EgLltrl..
=
> -!l 6llE
1r|$$og €4 zlzlE r.q6}J glzlql r +ql^l dB6l= E^l + zlzl.ll 4oll
^J"J "J61lE
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otHlrlTt 9'^l= €EE
^al= =rl =-g = ^alE =ef= =fltrl.
o *gzlB+ @ *g "J+
=^l =^l
@ *61= qlE @ Exl *61= 4dql
=zl

Bol L1+ 'Jol^1 +E € + fl= rleolEt.

@ C"l4 @ +g+ "J+ 6ltrl

=€
@ +g € qol s,trl @
^lE6J
+ $.9 4Eoltrl

1a ad-E-E-r,$
N [5-8] trl=S +9011 tH-d E?lrl r.=d^le. (?f 2E)

^ldul= ^lHollll Gg E,rlE{= d=o14e.

/';\
\YE
7
@ "ll"J @ olE @ ^Jg

2O14LJ trl+ 7[ef _PJ3 d+= 'J3

=^f=el
U]F F?!q qT
Etrlq 6J+quJ
d++ =rJ!
+DHrf looBollzl= 4t7fel rl=J
^f?l =€
\?) ol zl
(1\ /Ot
7H
=/ | @ q68 @ €sl

114 A qq-tt 4.t t Tti&zt gz

afietdt W?t ZI.rn lqtr&qvfr_?
nl ntt o rzl vl E'nl ./ # q cf ,
- 4r_r. 7lq3 al^E!
- H|]Elel= ee|]ge|1!
- -d fl 48^l?Jttll.ll
=Es-+
c ^ld \3/ rllzl;r
fd o Or @ zl*zl @ +.ll Cal

l^acter 2 tleE-r.,(l
 EJtol
-84 ^lE

?alts ee4E #et1 EE eJaoil €r 9l+Lltrf.

=7f6|.=
dlrloJ +alLlel= +gE 6ll0F -g €E-e gEol ++:BrLltrf.
rl= 0l +rJ Lr. eJ^F501 =JuE TlElalr flaqq.
^FJ=
ri\
\+/ td-st
cr {] @ 9^l @ Flxl @de

[9-12] trl= gE L]|8EI ?J= 7l= 7=fl,r.19. (?+ 2E)

= =+.ol
EalE|lBfl Ftr. U15
=EEH8
.71 7J : 2013t-J 12g-, 2894 - 2014L11c 319
. 7J: 9d 10tl - 9+ 5^
. ^l
gel'B : +-E..
. olE "J7la tsrH= "Jzl olE-zt + HJ'J-tst
"Jg :
.71 El: ?ld3 ^lE€E
9ldlllJ 2 lvJlltrl ?Jg= 1008o+ Ill-zt-tst

@ "l*3 9zll+ ol+*

+ 9l+.
€) E+E= r.llzl flolE "l+g + 9l+.
@ tlE?ol $,qE €'ll= gel g + 91tr1.
@ 6l+ E?I ol+6J + gi=
^lElE +=
100Bol+.

1El dEE.e.lr^l 1217

 +s+7lE
.J9.1("6) =EE
25

20

15

'10

0
TllLlEl E+ EaJ-\ oECD
E{+
og

O o=j-49 €:'€gg "JgBEi *trt.

@.Ji+r+ trl+$
+€ge ^Jolal4.
@ dqq sg€e
q= +"+E4 *tr}.
@ OECD €+Btrl +e +4=
trl+"]tr}.

T.!+=af fl+= +aEZLt 8H= Z^I6h7lE 6la, 4lg= 6lZLh 3e+=

=
==^rlEEgEel-d7l5ttl|=olllFJ=etrh^lE^0lEE=+0ll^l=xl!9J
-dtrf. Lal+ .ruh=EE E= ,l.hEolB E 7J?J= 6tlE + tlcf' 'rn1==zl =
=
holE Tltl= 30cmE +^l6h-I., 1^lZ ,\IE ? 1-28 €E= fl
HlafHE
==
tE-d it ?JolLl L1+ E+3 toll^1= EIE= ^fE6f^l grolot -dtrf'
=trl. ==al=
O ^ole €E6i^l"J bq= +zl ?+g + 9itl.
TJrtz zl'zJ + 914.
(E
^.trI-E +ql^] +a tslot +
@ 1-28 {=. r13-a1a-r^l7J 5"Jg il"lot 5ol {z}a}Q.
@ g=4= zl "Jql^l= e4e ^l+6lB 'J
€4.
^EtE=g

Chapter 2 €dEe.l?,'.l
 EEfof tE

LHT| 7l+71g.aJtrJoll -dtr|. 30E +oll 8at9.! qr]|Tl

=0|-61= =^1E= ^Ffq
+4 €rlla EaJ+. 3= 84g0laf^l gg 6f= E El= E, ECE
=E1l =^1E
q= E nfts Eaf-rL^l rl= Z+El goll S0l 9l+. rl'JH 3E trJoll 2
trJ401 EHT.lElg.=Eil ol$oilE +^.|iloil T||TIEJ A0l EB6ltrl.
=^'lE=

@ eil"Jql +"1-6|.= 7l+E "JHrl.

@ e+.J glo|zt olzl H9tr1.
^l4Iq4H
@ e^lE ^J4ql q= "Jol * lxl ?+=+.
@ ol]dlz]1tlzl tlztrol eq aflq.
^l\lflqlE

h3-151 trl== +,tlE]|E "JXl HHE:et A= ued,\l9'. (4 2E)

3 (7|-) El=
^f+lol
E=-.H^l
^f614
ErllTf Elr g!Ef.
(Ll) 0l^1al +^l -dH g46lE ?1801 gaftr + ?ltl.
(rl) 'rf+f'E zl+e glo.E ',E^l' 7l EJtrf= ,iolrf.
(el) raJEll EH-d olotTlT I oJEl'J!E 6cge +ttEla 9l+.
^f+toil =tr183
O (trD-(+)-(zD-(4) @ (zD-(4)-(+)-(+)
@ (+)-(+)-(4)-(zD @ (zD-(4)-(tr0-(+)

(7|.) 7|l= +401 EH+ g-J-d EEol7l n|l=o1tr|..

(Lt) ol LA? E?lel -d+ 'J^H= "Jr. #€4 HJ8= df= 44 Hl+6|-trf
z -dch. ^taJol
(ct) €:d e4 O[|gJZ= +oJel rll+ltrJ "JofE g== Lttl= ztrotr E+ddtrl.
(eh) -d EH-+oil^l oHeJZel +40il EH-d d:d= qltrh.
=nlEt
@ (4)-QD-(LD-(+) @ (rD-@)-(4)-Qt)
@ (4)-(zD-(+-(+) @ (4)-(zt)-(+)-(+)

1El ddeel-I^t i219

t

15 ()l) 'EHJ'olaJ, 'E= g+'el q= E.+= 6zl6f= aolq..

=g"JE
(Lf) EE THoJ U*= 6VlLl ?tq..
(tr|.)
^lE6f=
qldoll= gq ga +l+firlE e=3 ^faJol =a
'EHJ'01 ?l717f ?ltl.
(el.) IFJ=fl E= 'J+=e EE7II flal'J+= t-ttla Cal4 6.1tr-et= ^HE+r. -dtf.

o (+)-(7I)-(4)-(+) @ (zl)-(4)-(tD-(+)
@ (+)-(+)-rzlr-(4) @ (zl)-(+)-(4)-(+)

x h6-181 th== glr ( )oil 48oe 7l8 g+3 ,J= uEd^le. (4 2E)
=qe
16 A?l8ol
=edl.q.r=gzJd=
-dtr|.. efl83 H c'Joll flZl Hl+l^l ?J=
=€Elqqalr.qafll
trl. olriS dal4o+ +rl6lalr 6l= +€ ttt|Eoltl. A?]Af
=3
-J717l ?16|.|,\l= qel 7l^l 4te 8E= -Hq+alr 6fTlHtl ( ).
=
O Ble Edg ll= aol +tr|
@ dBr-l zl4lg Eel.llzl 9+E+ 6llot +r+
@ tl€ el ztxl= zlaatE aol +46l-trt
=
@ -bg u|=|u-Hrl olotTl= e Eq+H +tr}

17 -Jd -sr74 gtzLf +== E= rrl| Lal=

^laJ=rf ^|-aJ=el
gttrf. olag "J=el HeE r|]oJ=E= E.= =iEd= ^FJ=01
Ezl=rll cdfll z
^|-al=iE=oe
€ldl.71Lf El|+ 84=iltrj gol fl?lol EJtf. cl! -J 'J^17 | Ae +E ?lr flddl
C6|Jtr +E 9ltf. -.Jfl olal 3E=ol 87lE gHJ4oE='JA E"J -)7171 01
FlgE = / ).

e +6q++
-J^J @ zl+ "J+oF 6Jtl
^l%l$g
441 grt
@ Aql efl zll €ol,J 4ol4 @
^tq^8gql = E€g

l^:c:e'2 tdEelr,t.l
 6j+1 :=j
^JE

18 ^fEoll^l
+E-Lr EE+=J3 +Eloltl. Z16lr. E71?
^fE=
EE Ef^l^l Ll
3 320kma40l+ e + fl=tlltfTl aTlel 7l=E +E6fZl sq^l
^H ^fEoll ^l
( ) 46-d +El7lEl^l^l ?JrE
= ^FJ=oilZl =4olE+. ==
Z= + 9tE zf=J= +,Pifl +€E ?l6Fgl qai 71.1 ?l7l tt1Eglk.
^J€l ^ll+=-e
r.alr Soll u +oil= ?tGl,\l 9e"!5gf q^l ?Jr.E El= + ?t
^lHJol ^lefElGl
rf. g3 Ef^l ,\E^lilal F;r 7l^l Eel] +l= HJol HHf^l^l
-gj=tr|..
=qE
A t-t,
"J €
I
(ti ^l v^- L--+-utsL,r
vA-ttlYJ @ sq^J=
(s, of.- u. "T-- z_ ,,;\ r
t9:aE"l ^l O El JL nl-Jl
E= -J.=

N h9-201 trl== ?ll. E=oll .J6ld^le. (?+ 2E)

gefLf calnfTl glqef ?ltrl-. flEolal oJElfl E?J=

=l= flE= fl|tee 6l= ^ll|fElr.
?l-d "J+e^l =J+61 "Jalr4= ?!ElLJloll E7J Tlal= fl=g 7l=el4€0lLl oJ
^lEefEJtl.
sfrqaf gal +g= HHleZl HJgdlr AFC-L| 0f0ltl0l= 7l^la ?l+ ralr. ( ) ?.!El
'lloll,\l -LfH Z=Elfi7l tt||flOll gaf+ Eafol CA6|-= 'J-BF9| ?l
^Htrlef =:"J01 ^ll4f^l=01
tl. €^ll-=. flE= fl4feB -Lf gafq Eal0l=01 EErf oJTl= E-r. 9l7l ttt|Eoll Olal +lll
ts ss_+= zl+=J c"Jolrl.

19 ( )otl
=qe
g*= 7tr: 7=flrle.
O ol"l @ olzl
fE ulal 6) 6LE

20 ol
=sl
LHErt ?J= 7;*= r.=d^le.

O gEg Ele+49 ?lq9leE #zJ 4o14.

@ gEe +.Jql 5zjala €H+ aol
=aolq.
@ gEg g4es + €sl+ E4ut= "ll+ EErt.
@ gEg 0J7l7l "Jel'Jl +z +e-trtlzl ol9xll 914.
 N 121-221 trl== 9.lr E=oll =J6'l#,\le. (7+ 2E)

eft3 arl4?.! -r.q gEoltrl. 6l^ltrJ eC= E=6lE e6lal 9a215 += +E 91tr1.
et|g 4= '++61+Lf.'af= eCH+ 'gC6l =+:i{+Ll.'alr. lal= fl=dt|oF 0l017l El
altrJ E-L tele 6l^l Ll= g= 'Jrlg + ?ttrl-. !E eti:g g0l ?t= rrfl Hle r
^falql^l
6fE rl-3dg Eg +eri= (
?]tr|. ) HJ+6|]E rr|lEftrl IflEE 7lEOl
== I

tral^l Lr=tl. 7fE 8tr4 HAl= ol.ts 3?s 9i=tll ra-lz1l 6tE etlq "Jec1 5 I

=Gl,'.l
€0ll"J trat-g + glGl l Hlarf40lE-e +ol6H0F el+.

21 ( )oll
=ole
g"J= ,l= rec^le.
O "Jol CC6}E+
@ "Jql {ol u}=s=-
@ oJql4"1€g zlE+
@ Eol trgzlzl 9*E+

I
.:
I
i rFrtt
t
zz ol
=el =c
g4= z=d^le.
t c a+g +44 e*ol alE i+ql s44ol4.
@ a+g Hl+6ll^J 6lq trJEtrJ "ll^l= "J g+.
@ a+g rqql Hlsr+4olo-tr- xlxllallo| flu1.
@ l-+4 -o.!5 +l6ll^J= a+61.= "JHg 'Jot"l t4.

n2 chapter 2 tdEoln,l.l
 EJ*Eol+q
^lH

x 123*241 trlE= g.lu -J6l-d^le. (?+ 2E)

==0ll
Ll= €401 E6H,\I ,JZ,JolE Eolg+. r-J oltsollE rr[$ zj$o+ 2=3 zfa- oJ
HUI=
:d
H=E1l g ,\FJol Ll+ dd6l eq^l -J'Jdt-r ul=^elfltrl. +0ll= Tlnl= L-=6t
Al Tlal= +a6tE,\l z= E+01 gElf -EqIl g+al E +-ldtrh: r llHol Ll-= HJl.l
=r
Ll= Zdg.E -L7]|trJ nl+6la- g= ,\hze r'J rjLloll "JolHtrt.
^i+srloJ :dtrlt{A ^lLf^{qej+.
g== C6l4l trf^lr. "J?ttrl. etE?t r€g 6tE^j
llE= LHal7ttrl7l rtrJ g=
s^l E.=41 r.J oldoll +=f*trJ ,\l.=Jol rqEaJq-. H= Ee ztr ztTlE
^l+ =El4l =cl,\l
6l-r. trl3ol HEt=rlcr.

"J= rl +Eoll LIEIU f I[aJo; C€o..E g"J= 4g u=C,\lg.

o Hla+.
@ 44^E+.
@ a+qr Eqldltrl.
@ +'J6ll. Eilloltrl.

0l L|lEaI ,J? 7jl= r.=c^lg.

=el
O Ll= El= ^l*E+
gE-l e= €ol+.
@ g}
^lElol "J+el
AA6l al|H^J ,Jg E9ttrl.
@ += +g6l +q.J ^t*ql|l 4+6l|l ^lr+i{+.
@ q= ,lsl= Ea 44= +A6}H^J Ar 9194.

1El dd.E.el?^l 223

N 125-271 trl== tlE u 1.t 1"1 fil=gLltrl. 7tB E €B-d 19 zed^le. (4 2E)
25
e gr{7} e}++ *ql= E*ol g3+ ElHtri.
@ d+E *xlzl El+6tr B*ol $4 EIH't.
@ d+4eE +e 94ql *+ag 48 rl*Eol 'l]+ *9ttrt.
@ $r^l7l +"1^J {zlxJTl +4+ +q= r}*5ol d+4e-e E+9t+.

26
o ^j€-ql^J BE]]E El+H r+qlEE 4ot aJ4.
@ Eq^J ?"1 BullE tr]+= a"l +zl*+.
^lgql^j=
E+71+rJe r+4E= 4a il+.
@
^l&"11^l= €:gxl
@ g-g r+4E71E!6141 *49x1 9+r ?t4.
^Jgql^.]

27 elllfl= ofLH7f fla zf,tIE-JP 'HJHJ'

e F$zl 7144 ?xilel 7l^l= 4€6l|l ++l gr 9lq.

@ Axllflg dP ot4zl7*a d.Jge bl€4 +4 'J4.
@ zlC9 E= "J$- PPzl +€dlrll +Aol Llil^J .J+.
@ zl44 E Ezll= H€"] il46].r. dglge ot.lle+ EL4l ++.

224 Chapter 2 AEEg.l.,\l

 tJ*Eol ++|
^lE

x [28-31] ,trl== El? ( )0ll 48o-e 7lE| g"J= a= ?EC^le. (4 2E)

=qe
28 aLt+=
^fzltr
Fe.a az.ll rFJrl. gE SBufF c[39e. eetl Lh+olq
^h=
+HJ=, +9, +Tl 501 Z30ll 6t|^l seloll =JE6t| cJtrf. rat|^l 4Lf+b
ql+El (
=+r
).

e z}4e.E ^l+tJ.trl
@ +g "JE= ql 49+
@ tl4eE +B4
@ rH +ql zl+ 5itliR+
"1.+g

EEltrl 01f, s,ol trl=dlz + It=EllE e+71 EIE Ll+ g=Joll

=E-d =a1^1
EtrE ?.jts EJtrl. 7J+ LalTf ?J Elzlr-f F5, ?l7lE -d
^FJ=01 =E= ==
+. oleJ 6l=rll zltrsl EEloil +al 43:= E dlrl F
=8= ===olzf_r. =ol
6t|,\l 9,\140_= LfElLl.= ",!+ ^ll4el ;'=allg Tlqt g5= dlr
+5]4ee dlq (
=801trt. =
6H4oll Etol EJtrl.
)
^.|^lE ===
e *eg 30+4 ^lH
@ Ht= z|,tlltr
^Jg6lH
@ *z'lflg 7l$4l 6lE
@ €"Jg ++61 dfl6lH

1El #E_PE-z^l %
30 HfaJol += Zltr, 7l=olE Lf= rtoll Ztl. LH 7ltrJ-d eEH=
^J=6lZl ^l0l
z+HE Fr,lol 4^l=
LH HfaJol =JLH= 4^l= Ezol ?J
=
EJr+.
^aloJ^l ^al?]^l
ofu riol r.!61 ,l.FJ El-== g.Sxlzll -d+. eEHol gfl,tHts El^l
=qE :d =
e+. F^l= 7l+aJz Eol E=+=-d 'ziol E DfB+oll r-J += ral=J^r
_L zJtr?1rl. eEH rflEoll Lfotlll 7l-=olal 41tr3 ( ).

C .$*olzl rH"l4
@ olr-lxlel
+= Et+olr+
@ "l9ol s$z'l= 4l€"1+
@ "t99 t€olE *€ol4

31 eol^l= E|lqLf,l.l gEl.E?JP qu1, flrlEzl -tsr741 +Joll HJE,\I =Js-d q

^lLt|E,\l
tl 7l^l= HH8trf. H5 g+ 70! EETllrl olal qfaol ol+q^Eql o|1SJZE trl=
Tl4loll7l-E rH+Eol EHqU -d €E EJ qal 30f^l=01tr|-. ( )
^l =
ol+-e '=J+rq'E El^l^l E-d TiE€toll ?t+. ,Jof^l= +lq+E roJoJ
^|l =q
oJEol olLlaf S$rllal= E= lH=J=cfE :.aJ ?iEfTil€ ge g.= A0l+.

o'JF r*ol 4b4E

@ "J4+El ^i* +g 4ol €4=
@ f$g +Cg v\+^l7l dolt+=
@ r zl* +l"l9l^l e gflq=
^lzl4l

l^acter 2 ld-"Er-,\l
x 132-341 tf== 9lz LHEoI e= 1= I=d^le. (4 2E)
32 EH+.gslE+E^laJ q71fi.trJ Hil|_Jqg= ELI=
=tr01
E_1. ?lrf.
=Ll
fl71
Ht||_Jq=dg tfE oJTl TVE-+L.Jel g-BFoltf. HH'Jqgol q
^f=el =€OlafE
g "J€= fldf= tHE €g + ?ttf= Eoltrl. oJElLJ.! ^lEol TJ
^f+=41 =+-sf
301=010t €E= +61717l ra,l qaJ^l ?Jtl^loJ tf^ 4€4al
=Ll ^llEHoll4l=
I +Eol7l-E 6ltf. refl^l q:d^lEg HHBqg'2-{= +l6H -ar$fl$++fl
=Ll
qlEdt| +a q"J-g E,\I= €6H^l ?t^l"J g€3 . . _=. zlel6fE= 61.=
=
HJ HH.Jq:d .8E==
^ll+
?lrf.
=^16lr.

C ull'&€aJ$ olxll rl olt qlqL^J="J9 4ol "lqq.

@ ul*€adg q6}^tg Zlqql 44"F 6l= ol.J ^JE"l4.
@ 6'JEs "JEl'Jlql^J g.q6J q.J CB= d41 Eg + 9l'1.
@ q-J^|Eg +H+I+ qlqlS=g 91fl ull.J€.J tl+g
=HltU{.

z+ElLl -^r|-=Eoll +a?]7f "J+-g rrfl= +Eal= ?3+71 EH+EOlrf.

^ftrJ=
raJql 0llll= "J'J 6l.E g€= ?l^ldH^1 g+01 EJtf. ola=
^f54oe. =d
?]^l -dtrf. .J+61 "J-d LHE= 971 u= ?i3 EE E=J= 016|.|6l.
^l^'Jolzlr q+q=
q €g6l.7lE 6l-r. flq6f7lE 61.= El El|+ Eal-'J 7l50ltf.

c +€ "J^l
os HEg g + sq.
^l^e
olzl
@ +C ?l^l
^l^He ^l+$ + S'1.
ol"llg + 9l+.
@ +^d "J^l
^l^ee B€g
@ olzll= zt+g +E;lH "J €rl.
^trlEEg

1El ldEEn^f 227

 34 e++ +lgtol cdH^lE^J ol.lelTlf os b= ?3?E Etlt ?tEf. dl|el
=al=
+lgolal "J rrt|_+ +LH7l O|LJ el+oll Tl=6H oJE TlEoll^l 4g= Ets 10lrr.
6Hel^l^l= E +4Llzl Tlg0lLl -d^l 7lg E= Ill3+sl tl+4 7lg E01l^l +LH
g= + ?ttl.
^lZ= 'JC + ?
Htrf -Pj- +lg7|el= el+oll^l ,g=J-.1.8^l 3--Jzf
rlts AtEs ?ll €= 7f+, Tl+=zf .gGl^1 ^|LHOF -dtr.f7JLl flq.EEfel
^l0l=
eltrf= .JEs ?tcl^l 6Hel+lgg tl=6f11 gFolHr. ,JE6l7l= Hfal+.
=+dHoF

O "llel.fl93 zl?4 6lxl ?+= €"1 €4.

@ s+ +']]ql^l "Jxl4E +dl= 43 Ee qBxl g+4.
@ {lE+lEE 1l+dg qxl^.1 41+6t|l AC6IE +4tri.
@ 6lle.l+iEg 6lE rl^l i16Jql EotsTl= 49 Ezl-bal4.

x [35-38] trl= +IllE 7|-8 g"J= 1= ?ed^le. (4 2E)

=e.l
35 =)lLl
E=iEJ^llg
^Eo_tr
EgEl= 7lg=
=7lgolal-L
-zrrf. 37193 88
i el =J€6|.71 ?l6t|,\l ollLlrl, -l.5, zJoJ, +q EoFoll €=J.8gElGl
=4=
cJ+. lalLl-41= =9
olal gTlg== 1JTJ TIEE_+ #7121= trJgEl.t4
g0l E4+ qq 1JHJ =Gl,\l=
tsa-|ol gGlLlr ?t+. 'JrJ 7lg=g 018 ++=
=4e
tr AA= fl-dtf= 87lgel el+d
617| ttl|Eoll slE-=f +E ?ltf. ttlzf
=4=
z-=q E== 7lr.! + -=f
^l =E-d =€6|.|0t ^|.?Jolrf.

@ +7199 E"ls+ ++E Eelot ++.trJ

@ +7l$e ++9 +49 fl"ll^J €xllaloluj 44.

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Chapter 2 ldEel-r.,\f
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37 -dgel
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e +rg+ qlEql aFol qr.elqflq.

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++ r=
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a 7l= 7ltl7lol ="toll
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e ll++. @ €H6ltrl.
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43 ol
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zttrlzi t\\ =fl+.
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^ll Bol st^lql
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@ oltF-J €rll= += a+Eg +rzrli+ ^l]

^49 ^49trt.

2J2 Cnapter 2 €dEelnlt

 t|Eoj F4
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x 144-451 trl=E glr. E=oll g6tC^le. (?+ 2El

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qg =
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4 ol
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=q=
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1al dd.EEr.^l 1233

N 146-471 trlE= B-lr. E=oll 'J6td^19. (?J 2E)

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46 qg 7tz* g"J= ?=d^le.

=got =q7t7l0tt ==
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=,50|]^fel. =)l?
ce @c
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47 ol
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-:- Ohaoter 2 dEEolr,\l

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)
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50 "J= rl +80il LlElu rrJrlel EllEE g"J= ,i= red^le.

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236 Chacter 2:t-Eel:z^f

2

3
C) el+oJel =d+ HJE ll EJE iil+ TlrJ @ =d+= gE=d el+oJ +
qlglroli
'J+l('J E)
7 1600
6 1400
5 1200
1000
4
800
?
600
2 400
1 200
0 0
2010LJ 2011LJ 2012LJ 2013L1 2010L1 2011L1 2012LJ 2013LJ

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E+t(%)
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60
50
40
30
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10

0
5'J0l gE LiFHrtoF
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2ingSscE^t 237
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O zl-#zlE /t- zyz1rilq.

@ ulol
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e e+^l +Ee 9Bxl"J +"_l6lle.

@ a4 rA.E *4 'Jol ;23-41{ alle.
@ r
zJ9b zlrl elzlql ollrl 59qs.
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O r4E sl6ll*.eqz| Qa3o1r1.

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all.
^l+tl]lrl. "J+^J
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Chapter 2 AIEelr^l
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O zlg 4=++.
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2El ddsE?^t 1239

11
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12
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14
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@ zl'J :lzl 9*o lr-tr_ zt++41 EsH gtr}.
^l^l= =Hlq"l

240 Chapter 2 ddeEr.,\l

 EJEoI+q
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e ^tr 9le ql+ql E"4I4ol +4d

O +e zl9ol Hl9lzl =q=9+.
+olxlH^-l ojrl.
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=#
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2El tdE.elr.^t 1241

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^l+=9lz|
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20
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N 121-221 trt== E=Oll -J6tC,tl9. (?+ 2E)

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=^l*,E}.
@ zl-$ q+ s.ol]r €li^l+g
^l+g =fl4.
@ "149 €+ 445 +rdl Fi^l+g HAiRq.

2el dEEE-a^t 1243

N 127-281 trl== Egoll g6ld^le. (?+ 2E)
=?
27 qrl7l, 'Jrloil4r "J6l= qE= r.=c^rg.
e *H dA €;<L= gr dq^-l
@ Alq#g flxll ES i glExl :L+6ll^J
@ 4lE^J.J da zL:.6Jxl "Jr dq^-l
='^gol
@ tlffi 44 TlrJ€ +Avl El 44ol qq^.]

28 Eg LttE=EF= 4= r=cle.
@ tl++ 4lae "J Hq 6ilqlol4.
@ *4l cadlE tl+--g +g + H+.
@ 4l"J^Je elH"l g+qH Ca+ + 9i+.
@ HzlE "lH qrzl i]€-_e__tr_ tlffig CaeR+.

N [29-30] trl-== E=o{l g6lC^le. (?+ 2E)

=u
29 qrr= ++?rrr .!.=d^r"..
c el^l @ q^J
@ d^8H @ €oJ^l

30 ==
LttESE "*= a= rEd^re.

e ^l+E= aJ qrzlql -J H Llil

=+.
@ "J4lqzl 4B= ^Jt*.q1"3 -s^l++.
@ "J4lgzl ts^J +^lg qlE gltrl.
@ oJ4lgzlzl
=-4eE =
ql^Jg zllp{e_tr_
9lb d_La11o1aj4.

2M Chapter 2 €EEEr.,t.l
 rJEpl .q ^E

x [31-32] trlB= E=oll =J6ld^l9. (?+ 2E)

=I.
qrlel g4-9.E "J= 4= .r.=d^19.
@ azl +qle 4Bd4 +BCg 7l+l=+.
@ +zl f, e +rll4 qlx]]E "Jcg + 91tr1.
@ qfl 6llelql^l +"JoJ Ae€. 6llot 6Jtrt.
^l€ql
@ zzl +qle "FlE9l4 E€6&g vlA + 91tr1.

qrlel 4= r=c^19.
EIIEE "J=

c tr-'ilg gag +44eE ++6lr- 914.

@ +€ €Eg 6lq tl'11E Eaql 4a f,a*4.
@ tr-qlg gag +614l +E6lq zldE +++ vlq+q.
@ tlqlg Eag "J€6lq ad^H|l xl4l9 Eag ql^ll+tl.

[33-34] trtgE EEoil g6td^le. (?+ 2E)

=r
+qq EH:d L||E?lrl "J= ,iE rEd^lg.
O 41d-+ rll"Jg HIH
@ gel+ r++rE q^l
ol.ll EIB
@
^l*9 €A
@ "Jsl+ ++rE "JB r+C

L]|E-g.E "J= 4= .r.eC^19.

=3
o q+E ol.I= gflql= c4se + Hq4^J +aq.
€) r"lEflE ga-g-e "JEl+ r++r-= 7l] + 919+.
@ q+g "llllE '*71^1f,71+lr+olzq^l Hl+r= rllg9lEl.
@ q++ q^lql olslg "J4a,zl"J E"Jqlzl Eolg ,J s$.El.

2il AdEelr^l 1245

x [35-36] trl== Er g6ld^le. (4 2E)
==0ll
35 'Jrl= +a= 6E ?t=rl r=d^te.
O zlzl9 ^ll 49 +ts_dlr. 9l+.
@ 42149'il+= "Jlll6lr 9l+.
@ E^-19 +eCg E€6liz 9lrl.
@ zlzl$4E PsCg €B6l:z 9lrl.

36 =e
LI|ESE "+= a= r=c^re.
C zlzlb + €^J 4"J 4H^j €ot$+.
@ +4 q^.1 elg"J +q6J + ?Itr}.
=B
@.J^l= 49lzl ,Jsll?-19 "J+ss gfl+.
@ €^lql alq6lrJ$ {a^l$ 4l€610} +4.

x [37-38] trl=3 rSuEraJgLltrt. E E=oll -J6ld,\le. (?: 2E)

=r
37 'Jrlet
=c
g4= rEc^te.
O a+6l-= Aol trlls= q qe A+= B=q.
@ "l{rl*Ee ga-$ 4!l$xl 9+= aol ++.
@ e_l^l^E!ol + F]9ot +zll= *zlB + ?tr+.
=
@ q^lElEql4l= 4$ +4g'J6lZl 9+= aol +tr}.

38 ==
ql8st git6t= a=
r=d^te.
e +g "JEjzlH +g ,ll 6l+E fitr}.
^4e
@ o}4^lgl53 4= 49 Ee +ot6lzl ?+=+.
@ +C4e B9l7l= "JE: A+ +E ^J^l-=ol+.
@ d+q^J $r.l.a5o] + qzl g+eH ol+ €zl ?*e- "J"l ^Ja4.

--: l^acter 2 Ad-Egl-z,'.f

 EJ-4PI F4 ^H

x [39-40] trl== EHEJflLIEI. € El. E=oll g6]d^le. (?+ 2E)

39 ol E11EI sol q1E.E g"Je AE !=d^le.

6 -reell^= +4 +ql q'-€'Fg vl{+.
g -ealf ^= ?f,rtt;lAl alaalzl * 6lH Bq Afl+.
@ ^Eql.\= E€- q Eq^-l Lis= ssEg a^l9l+.
@ ^Eql^= +A4e5l S46lE dAIHI+ol B+41+.

LHErt gxl6l-= A= zE#ztle.

==
O ,\Eql^= ^l+g ^lElE+q 44q4 "J=+.
@ .].Eql-A tlJ€- trIe+ s€-e- ql ag EsEol Bs+4.
@ trllel *g ull 4lal Hlg" I Sd6l trtstrl.
=|g ^Eql4
6 xeell^= H-€. ull gzl glr dg ag g.eE ullEoltrl.

141-421trl=3 3glgLltrl. E EL E=oll g6ld^le. (?+ 2E)

:l gil6t= a= l.=c^le.
LHEzI
==
O qflol=g a+g Ezl gldld ql€g -J+.
@ +Hg q1lf-zlzl q= ag "+r 9lq.
^ldol
@ +++ qfl ql+g Ae6l= ag "tq+.
^l€ gs6l+.
@ ull*zl g-r. de$ 4tr-g fI,JE &zlzl

LJrlel g4o.e "J= 49 l=sAl9.

=c
e 9l€zlE 4qg q+q €ql4 91tr1.
g 9l+.
@
^tgg +-+=zl 4l€zlzl +
@ q€g 6l4H Ha\l Lqol gs6ltrl.
@ qe qE ql+4 xl]LoS C"J"l qH +49tr}.

2il €d-sE.r^l 1247

N 143-441 trlg= El+ElElalgLltrl. E EL -J6ld^l9. (2f 2E)
==0ll
43 +?.!rl5il Tl zl'.l= Hal-a "J= a= -r =d^re.
e +H-"le&zlzl $.qe aol+.
@ ++ed ++"1 €q= 4"14.
@ xl-Fxl -J ql= gfzl=- aolq.
^l+61=
@ + zl€91 + ql oltr-E ilTl g_s_g 4"14.

M ol otoFTlo,l *= a= r=#^le.
=d '1;goe
e +"JzlFxl-= ^J^-l6l E"JqoloF fl4.
@ +.Jzl€'xl= +dE+= tldol t*4.
@ +.Jzl+^l= *44"J H+"J 714& 4,o14.
@ +ql4-Fztzl S+Ae-€ Ezll€ 6|A+ + 9l+.

N [45-46] trl=3 3EgLltrl. € Ez E=oll -J6ld^le. (?+ 2E)

45 =e
LHEat git.-t= 4= ?Ec^le.
@ rJ44 +€ ++g 6J+ql^J 4ae .<lta|flQ.
@,J44 g€ ++g +49 g€z]. +g ,Jaol+.
@ €+= E= zlqql^J ,J44 ++61i1 9l+.
=-€g
@ ElHll rtg €'J "l^J3 S€xlEglrll +r+q=
^jl?ol+.

46 '_Jrlel E|IEE 7lB g"J- ,J= rEd^le.

e tlEl€ '+r+4 +tlg ,l+4ss €E6lr 9lq.
o ql^le+ €i6]l zldg a6lE +E6lr gl+.
=4=
@ +=
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@ €|4l zlE= xll.<lalol zldel ++g q"Je6lr gt+.

Chapter 2 ddEelr.ll
N 147-4Bl trl== EH.JgLltrl. E g6l^E^19. (2] 2E)
=r. ==otl
47 == LHETI git6t= 7i= red^te.

O n€ztE "J+ol +rJqH ]L+ rJg-ol 6JE + 9l+.

€) 4Hq4zl ?^e+ d'J+ 4l+ ^ll+rl-= $flol $.r1.
@ "J+ulrzll= c+9 "J^14 += 9+= +6t= 4o14.
@ l€xlb E+E uol.$-e + gr 9lq^l sl^lql ol=oltrl.

€ 'Jrlel 7lg g"*e ,i= red,l.le.

E11EE

e tr-'I*g gaql ,J6l4l +ql6la 9lq.

@ aeg 56ll
^ldE EAg +tl6ti1 91tr1.
@ tr-ql*g Eaql qldl olg= zjl7l6lr- 9l+.
@ zl+19 +tlg g;<lq Q"J'J ql= 51 !tq.

N [49-50] trl=g 3E"JLltrl. E .J6ld^le. (?+ 2E)

=r ==0ll
49 =g
git6t= a= r=c^te.
LHE'I

C +"J4.8+g 4Elqlg +4q 9lq

@ .JA +=9 i"Jztzlb e+g ftzl,x|z1q.
@
@ €:=-eg g++ol 4+4 Eg Elql*qi1 ^94+4.

50 qrtel EI|EE 7rB g*= aE red^re.

@ E4 6J+9 +4lql ql"ll eEg gq Fr 9t+.
@ +=
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2il ldE.elr^l 249

 '^71 gE(51H - 54H)
8'J "i 6ll€ 361trll0lrl

x [51-52] trl== 9lr eal Oq "J= 7+7+ -d 1 d^le. (4 10E)

=qe =8o.E
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q.=-d EJI
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Ij
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l'aoter 2 €Iqqr.,\l
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2QEHeh 60tt| .JLl 5008= cH$-e.-e '=Zq= €^l'oll 4-d €=5 l= ol$trl.

lgc l--J^l
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2El €dEgr^l
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),
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3^aoter 2 tIEEn,\t
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2at €d.qE-r.^l 1255

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ai jacd
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ru Chapter 2 tts.qn,\l
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sll+= gol Hlsl ral qlolrf.

o ++ql zlrlzl $L @ s{erl "l+ e.lqlE

@ zlt €^J++ olq4 @ Bzll 1+ql "J vlxl"J

x h9-201 trf== 9.lr E=oll =J6ld^l9. (?:2E)

_d+ EalEl.ol o)tlzl
) tso|.^lr. 9lrl.. 1990LIEH -d+ =al.nfzf
(

Eelrl= EJtl. El= ^l=o.EEalnl.oll

=+oll
'JBEJ ol+ trtr tlg-d +4el i.FJ=ol -.J+ =7lzl =g-d
,t.l q+?.!8ol "-4+= q= €|Eol LlsJ=t1l 0l ttllEoll
^lZrf ^1.+ a-|al SEsl ^+='2JollE
=+6|-r. ^l
il01 -Jalq.. rH+OllE cafnl-+ trHc, 0H=01 E€:?Il =Jg^loll
=ElLl.zl =qt
| =alnlel g-3F+= A|AF Old:e_e ,Jal6lrl.
"Ju

19 ( )oll
=qe
g"J3 zlg l=drl9.
6) *q}ol azl 9€ 6l
lTr uloEoll
\!a/ L ---l rl @ ql41ql

20 ol
=el
qlE'I ,J= 7= a=!rle.
O €= s4"19 "JzlE 6l=ql ^JAq.
@ d= E4"lE +Eql^l"J "Jzl 914.
@ .Jzl gl= E4tr19 €.Jqg'-l'Jal4.
@ E4trt= -H-= a e.lql= +tr171 stl.
^lazlEe

,,^]IlFol;rlt
 iJEol ts+
^lH

N 121-221 trfg= B.lz g6td^le. (?+ zgl

==oil
Llol= EE+= i.lajol aol gHJ4?.!rll 7l^l 8=JfiE trt|Eoll clt rlal
^16lEl= =
g e+oll= r.=r^l ?JA e+ql Hl6H^1 ^lalol
2ufluf gq1+. ]
E #-= 91tr1.
=+Ll =E=
alr ,8- +=61 6lrl ?j-g.E LLJOll xlB4oe.
^lelol
€B 7t=€ol 9l= ?Jtr
^l+01 ^l6ls.lzLf
eJoll z-J + ?lrt. E4 8=frl- ,\IE "Jtr-d zJ4loll 9l-e EE +.l=41 ( )

,g=J
^lale
z;i zlol
0H= 7|_Etr:l 1?J:t GrJ= G-gaEl.
^

21 ( )q Eqe g*3 a= rEd^le.

O -Jbg gtl
@ irlE bEE $.ol
@ BSql Eol €q4^J
@ "l 4 ql rlE "J 'J4^J

ol .u4= r=c^le.
=el =#
e +++ beH ^lqg gjrll gtrl.
@ i ,Jrt+ ?ldl +e ^Jg ++g 7l4ot 6J+.
@ eF. +. BEl] E" g ?le+r+ d:d +2171 S.+.
@ 4olzl EE ^lelol xl;|ul= ae'J€+ 9"14.

2El ddE.elr^t 1261

N 123-241 trl== 9.1!. E=oll g6ld^l9.. (?+ 2E)

4+ € E, Ll= E t|.|+801 Elcl dell= nl3ge 6|.+6|-+= -H.L|-II ?lfltl. ofr] E7l=
+= llq^1q:el^ltrJ *l 21.3 'Joil= fl^llLl trl=01 +g ,\lz.E.trf gIIl +Eoll E
='8tr1.
+6|],[l vJtr1^ q7V17l= +2J6lLl7l r"J 'JE gJqqail+. I.E-+-E.el -Jal rH*l= Ll+
k;q,.\J clrlTl.clrl?l^l "J +7|. glfltr|-. =Ja-.|],\l qtr Eef ee ,J= 4l+ sJrl rJtrl:iI
=
rf. e= EqHE El=rll "Jol .sGl^l^l gr?ttr|.. rel+7f Ll.il=J xl+
^lLf7l= ^FJ=0il21
'J= 'JZ cJrl ,Jrf 6l= /+=J= gz:xttrl. r ,l.l=J_=. Ll= gz6l-I E+l drl. g== ^llll
6l -HLl E=+l. 5ei0|fltr|. +al= E^loll EE^1.71. Zlltl..

23 "J= rl +801 LIEIU Llol C€oE g"Je AE r=d^le.

e E*r uJzlfi,4.
@ +Eql *gzlts+ gEl^+]fl+.
@ eg *
*9zl-4 LJ+ +^JS.tr+.
@ FzlSrt a6]]zlzl *"ll^J
=*+.

24 ol
=el
qlEzl ?J? 7'"= 7=fl11e.
O += ojqlalxlulxl zlt\?)3.4.
='zlE4
@ qlr= EqB+7t r+ 49 sq
:4"^Rrl.

@ qllql zlzlzl +B^4?l^j trlzl-F6ll *+.

@ +96l 9l a+= "J+^J oHTl= 6lLEl +Eg Ezl *9lr+.

l;acier 2 ddEEr^l
 nJEol +q ^E

125-27! trl=3 tlE 7l,t.tol rtl=oJLltrt. 7tB E €B-d 4E rEd^le. (4 2E)

+= THEI /.lTl d=! rllTtr+El a '="J='

o xllfeg 4*"1 ql€-u-+ 94 g 4"14.

g xlfsgl^l "J ulH *ol i-l€-_e__E vl9+.
@ 4*"1 El= trllzl Fq4^l zil+Eql^J trxl *ol g 4oltrl.
@ H*"1 ul= qlTl4zlg+rJ xll+Eql^l 4. H*ol g aolEl.

gr.E 10Ll '+l+l'

^l-E^f =-Et =$
@ zl-Fzl9 E9 "JH^l 10H FoJ t-= 4eI+.
oJ zl 10Hol zl*+.
@ 4-Fzl9 a+ql 4allrJ
@ 9tr Ezllzt glExl 10H FoJ 5*+.
^l-Fzlql
@ al-Fztql E4l7l 9l+= a9 ro'J "Jql g9t+.

gql xl?L "jEol, TIEE 4]8E 'E$'

o tsBzl +41 Bxl ?+-9-H 714+ $zlalzlTl E=+.

@ zlaal zltlql^J E"J+ ^l+=g '*Eol'41. +4.
@ r+E* E+ql 714+ zlt} E+ E'J6ltl.
^lg4= *Hol ++=
@ s= ++=3 gq + nBl4^J "*H"lE 6lzl g-e-H "t+ol €6lz'l ?++.

2El ddEEr.,tl 1263

 x [28-31] trlg= 9.lr ( )oil 4Eo-= 718 g"J3 A= rEd^19. (4 2El
=qe
28 EHaf= -d7l= E +oil^lE q?r :3F71= trllEalE^l E^4= 7l-8 E^l
==
geJ+. ++l= +El^r qqLl= r|]afol
0H^18 dHlTl '*+loF -g .l+oll
=d3
I

xf+ Hl+7f ElGl eJ+. raH^l dHl=3 r|lEfE dq 7f+r rl0l #71
=oll :iltrl. ^l=
Lf( ) r|]trl.^lal
== '++r^f
o *+ag 4H^j
@ tl+se ^l€-6lH^l
@ rgg tlzlE a|fl,<j
@ rqol q= ag ^]4-E-H^J

29 .^Erll^= flrH?.lellzelE^lal ( )?iolrl. ^Eall^7f c6l

E dilloil E=01 E7l71Ll +grJol n|lEoil 4?J= ?lE-g + ?lrl. ra|]^l
=71
,^=rlla= 6t|46f= a0l 0lae ElSETloll 6HE rlflol 0lLl
=9.-dtll =al+r
rf. ,t =4;rre1 €^ll= E"Jdl qqoH,\l eltrl6l7l-H.+ 4galE EJoJot|€ + ?ttl-.
ola= E#al ETl6|'|slal= arl= +Etrf. -Lalz t= =JAl LH"J7l
=oltrf,\lr
HJ+oftlHE tr?J-st= L'4 + ?ltl. 61.^l"J olal gHol 561.^l ?j= €EE
=
c4-d SsJolafE EETlel EE= HJTI= fl-drf.

e ++E trl6J + s.=

@ +++ trilg + 9l=
@ ol+E 411 lizl ?+=
@ ol+qlrllE_ ?+=
=xll6lzl
 t,JEol f,$ ^lE

rt8 Ht'l7f trf=, l=l? lal E34 4"f:Btol Ol+ElT! 0l# q4 HE HSo1c1.
-J4+bftrl g='J= 7t|d ?l= rEol g.flqalE 'Joltr+. +7t flril+El e|l ol=l1l
Eql +?t=rl! +=41rltrJ ( ) trl=oil g7l7l
:ifltrt. ^E4d= :d g Elol=71 ^l4r
?.!EILJ!oll^l 4E= aolg dgo131 + 9l
=r =qEq ^l{! =
4,!!LFI Lfol +trJ=g "J=- 4l?= g0l r$rJ^t7t qs+.
^l=-d =e1

O:1 qql
@ r9l 4"11
@ r'J+ql
@:- EBEl9l

EF +u121'J+= =u ?ltrl. olal e|€oil iH^lg d?ldts ^Ets q|dHq gol

il|^l dE 40|.= + 9ttrf. dl4E Silr. ".Pl EttrlE EAr+
=q^l ^.|-JE =6Fll
gel ( ) +El= EJZtrl. ,ga^|l+El "s,tlr.l zzw Hltrt q|++El g
4, ?+, ElEl E€+ '-_lg atrJ ?J? E+7t r|9 El?hE+
- ^lolavl\l
o +4*"Jee
@ dd6lr. +"J* €qEE
@ +olq=.91 €9 x]te4g 4+=s
@ +"J+ aE.lH+ E+4^E€.E-+-e-tr

2El ddEEr^t 1265

 x 132-341 trt== 9.lu Lt|EoI 'J= 4= l'ed^le. (4 2E)
32 3€qgol ^He8 q=.Jel EEH-e ^lzl= EFofTfr. ?ttrl. gtl^lef 4HlrfTf =
J6l.a 45-d zJZl= 7l^l= 3€+Eollll Ll3 THLJo-+ +-d qg0lelr-E EeJ
trf. zJzJtlgg 6t|nftrf +=61 d86lr. ?,t^ltrJ ol"lel tH+Eg g+ dT]=9 tf
tt|1=oll qg^loll EEol El^l E6f-r ?ltf. olal Eg 6H
=47lgoll =ol7f7l
'Lf'trJ qgol = qg^lel EJA
,J617 | 9l6H ofLlal. +"J, El
EollE -EEJol
=717l= ql=
qg eJ'zJg.g= geTl^l ?J=tfZ
r^f 8€q:dol =q olEdl=
=oll
^l4tElfi+.
Lf E^l?lol 8g6l= ++94= 4 501trf.
^l'JolLl

c +4+qg 9611 7l= +Cq6}oltl.

=tlol
trl+4 ,lEg e+
@ +€ol4e €!6l]^J 914.
I gd6la 9lq.
@ +'6}419^Jtlee S*zl9 {xll EdJ
@ +4"lee q= EE 4zl .1"8* *g +l-J lolzlr
alQ.

E'
E
E
Ei
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33 ^rl.Eeol E?J=
gld;1 ,tll'J= Egdfal= 1+71 EJg6lZl Tl-'J
=i1?.!^l =
olrf. L9-d 7l^la- gtGl^1 THoJ= tll +
=d= ^lE6lts
=il= ^FJDltrl. +E7l HHfasl Fier; €+61.4 gtd6lTl ttt|Eoll ^fE-g
9lrf. Eal6l.r. ^lE
^fEol ^1al
?.!^lHr-f rl ++-d -El?J /.l^EJoE ETfEla ?l+. "Je-+. ?]^l rlre;!fl 't'
=iH
EfEEgtrJ ofLlal-+9 gg/.l€olLf E^l-87leH, tl€:7lE SollE =Ja=J aolq..

O +ill .J^l ^l^tsg ^l-++ r-trlEs-ol +*tf.

g*g d^ll +9l"ltt.
@ +ZI=
^lElEg +H6l7lql
@ +rll .J^l ^14:e9 ^uleEql"J 4+9 9lCol4.
@ +zI o.121 ,(l1Hg zlE"J^l z.l:-flBr| ++6J *Eol '*4.

lhacter 2 tdEglr.,\l
34 =E
E-r.
=E-d
?3--J= -* #s gt= 0l^4 Of_=ulol=zf 4"J'Jz ?trl. el+u

+=oll^J= Z^l q-g= "JE of=ul.olE= +6f= etld= g ql€oltl.. "JqF Z

d"JElE'J+=el g,'.fOll +?]=ee =JE6l.zl sJrl. _:r. ?]ElLJ.!
^le zJ46f==igrf =trll
0l^l= 0l=HfolEE 9ltf. HlE4 -d= g0lr Ef
^t|xl?l4l = =7lE^J
+ flq^l ^|fl^f7f -Fj+r -slc[. ol-=6f01==. +4 =JEioll ?3e1 f-dol =J + ?t
7l ttflEoll 0l{ o[=6;-0l=o; ZEEP E^l tJ zlo-E -EoJtrl.
=ofE
o|=ulole=
@ A^l
^l+ d^tE +=+.
@ olaulolEE A q-q-tr- "JC Bg + ?l+.
@ srq'34a ol. a ulol E 6lq H +lal z-l zl € ol +tr}.
=
@ "JEl'I +qlolxl s4 ol=ulol== LJ+ rg .Jol+.

N [35-38] trlg +IllE 7l6t g"J= ,l= r=d^lg. (4 2E)

=e.l
35 rl=77f^l= 3Dg=olzfr. Eal= +l-d6lr tlaJr C= ge 4t]oll e=
^lal
0l df= ?3?7l .PJ?ttl.. ralEJl goe= 3Dg=01 OfLlafE €^l=
aJclr. Elrf. LHE4oJ qle z+E_=. 9.=4=
^lE-el7lzl =
+71 9l+. d= €+9 "Js+
=
ttl=E E:dez; d+El= dloltrH,\ _8.=E= Eq 2020Lloll= gt =
^f5o_+
?lel. -g ZlEl0lalr. -dtl. zJ4E +C6t|^lr d#-=. Ze.l glol^lrJlrl'J ?]^-= =
7gtrl FJoI /.lalrlHJelE LJ+ 4r+6|-^l ?J=Dt? 7l/1011 trJzl iaJOl € r-=,--
fi.cl^l4l El= a= ofLJ^l E =x,lrf.

o gn B+ql= s+ol 9ea14.

€) -Z+E-tr .q+i= +"Jsl;J g,e-zt S4.
@ ztFE}zlzlY *4zl +96lr €+E ze-l ol rL
H '1 .

@ -at 7l€4 tsR-e fl,J"l7l ^l+zl= aol O et El rL

-r- =-l ia "1 .
 36 l.FJ== r4ol -Fjol =Jal=rl= Hr 9l= 44= dEiofTlE ol-r., -Fi3 ,\FJOI
GlEg

EgAt= :JAl E7lE -dtl.. ol'ztg trl+el ++l ^l=J== ^1.94

=of6l-= ^fTlolLf
os rftafolal= dalTf 4tE6f7l ttl|Eoltf. raJql T]
^lLl^lll ==daloll ^l+^lE
Ml \1717f +9= fl6|.=^1, TlMl 'Lf'= clEg qq4= +E ?ttr|. EE5lts
^FJoJxl
E+al^l .gJo.alE 7lE4lg 6FJ aE E+r rl+l= Eg-zl ?irl..
^l.6loil =01-=

O rl+e] 9aql qs$ Srj6ltrt.

@
^l+"14H h+qrll4
++d4zl ?14.
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^lqql
@ ++d?-lql il+a^-l cilldg gjzl 9*s4 "llot +tl.

F'
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^fE =?l
E oll 'J+ol d= 5]= rllLf r== trJE= tll +-e ^|-EElfltrl.6J-tr.
Ei =Glel-?lgrf. :a-l:yty
ollu\l g=El= g4eldol CE+EJ, E=sJel, 4-edHuLoll 9tr -BlE,
=+l
azl. -d +g6Hll 7J?Joll rH+ olErl-. 4l=oll= tEH, el8E, el+ E tfg-d rll
Eol 7Ht1Elol^l tl.^ Hltl 7f4ol1= zlzJZ ++6f= AH|^lEol ,\laJ=
HJ-r. ?ltl.

C'J+"JE$ gee dS xlq €I ?ttt.

q"Ja1zl ?+tr}.
@ +E
^ll+E ++= Ee
@ +E c+g all+g 7l4ol ult €"14.
^l++
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l^?o:e.2 AdEEZ^f
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s= +4 g+oll 0f0l=01 trl LJol trl ^f+ LfEtrl. ofuulel 0l0l7l q-.J= tEl
=cl
Ll,(l ,\lE +ulE galoH^l q= E+, guf fi,01 olurle+ E 0l= SoJ9
=01 ^lLH=
-"=-tr ?lEt. iltrJolZl +€:d r+rajofi q+il
0lot7l0ll ,l.l€Eol
^l€^f=ollll
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el E+oll^l flee1 ?JE= HJ=trt. TJ.'Eal rHElal= + Elel EDI= trF trte olaJ
'J+E= ./\lEt|oll E+raJolel= Hezl^l gr 9,1tr1.
^l=t =ttszl
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=9+.
@ H"lq olol=g ololTl= "Jzlzl s.4.
@ "lmtel olol$ol +s= B*"1 rldxl-=9 ^tElg Br gl+.
ololpol Lls=
@
^l=4I ^lqlql =4l€- tr-El6l7l 9l"ll^J %l+€-
^l4iR+.

[39-41] trl= (Ez|;o| E80l 7EI g'Je EC^le- (zt 2E)

=0ll^l =ol7l7l0ll =E
zJtlTl qalE rfl! rlS01 (
=Al =ol=tr+. O )
rflEil += P Tlrl {=:
9.6lal E?37l0ll EH=ol +€ol 91tr+. ( O ) Z-717t EdqE Ee
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ol EH=01 9== 7jr? E2J7lel. €€J6l gil6f= aE olLlr. =J^Elolr+ trlq^
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EGI

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2El AdEel?^l 1269

40 '"i g6H'aJ ?]glBol LJ+ E+7lLf Ejof otrJollE +^1aJ E+3 gEtl
^lLl^lzl
7f +^lEl= E8= Tfalil+. ( e ) 4E= grl += +E6f^l €84?l
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dA= 6l^l *6fr oFg€ EE= q0l 41171= rllEH-+ 61.^l +6l|
^fLJolLl =+
EEH71l7t r.aJEJtf. ( e ) "J 86t|el g-do-+,\1 7fg t|.|E4oJ ,iol g6l.=01
E+0f^1 Eol Hol^l ?j4l El= -d.801r1.. ( o )^fE SEt|el "Jdf=3 q?J-g.e
+E T|Jel Erl.P6l+71 EE6l71l HoJtl. ( @ )

dfrltrJ "4 E6t|7l Tl:dEJ 8of#zf doi e.olrl ?J= ag E=, q?J
^lqql^l=
o_+ + ?t= EE=. DH+ -d€EJrl.
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oe @c
ac\
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41 +rl= d=Elr 9l+. ( e ) :-Jal+="| gtrf lll4r/.f=E E

l8oll
^fEol
galT.! g6l= +^l=E g7l= Ell 71.-4= +^l6fr. ?,lrf. ( e ) -d+oll^l= +
l.+ ( O ) gE
EHr4-c.E. g-dtl. 2OLJ LJ71l 871 EE
^l=oloFtrJe =g6fE
0l 7[5-drlltrl.fl= +q= ef=dl.7l rrHEolrl. ( @ )^ll4rHl 371 rrllE
^l=01
ql +q 8== +l6l|,t.l= HJ=,t; 8E A+7f -E.AfElolOF 6fo-=. EE+89 THZJ

g HJ7f8 44oltrf.
E!-n
+^l= zlHJ ,t l€s
^l=
DfaJqq dE=ef=O1 ++ THzJ:e,{tl.

oo @e
fa\
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3"aoter 2 tdEEr.ll
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'Jtrol --J F gol ^lLf?Jtl. 'J-fel 6f=:dEol ^l72l zlr|.|olE

=ol ^lLl7l!.
Hlef 4= =oleJtl..
H|1^lEl= ofLl-d l|-aJ-Htl 6=E t|-= aol g.fltr|. OfLltl., tl=tlE
=+
q= trE 9trf. 'J3=-olHtl 6l=tll rel 'Jtr= Ealq d?J E= +t1.. ralE,\lE Gltlg
=HOl=
E+61 Eoll trcg.ol ++ r4= ET\E 6lI E= g^l]E= +1= ]J.T|E
^l =olrlurf =E
6l$tl. '^lal=,iol et"J +^l-oJ"Jol= ",IE= ztrol7l Etf' ol-LH='^'^-e 0l=Zl 5fl4-dtr|-.
E +q |_JEel 6l= g= E -d -=."Jolg,trt. -d 7l^l tl -'J r|lr|lE 'J= -d+
'zie
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+l= a#olflrl. f.alr ++ 9l=
= '++ =dol =01
4€01 ?t=r?'
ol-LH= qah^l 6fzl Elflrl.. 6f-r.= r qfl a= H=6f71a- ?A7l^le 0t|= $trl.
=d= =
+ gt= rHe lol 'JAroll ""tU HJtl 7l^l= E4l 6fq E I= A? ?iE oj5flrl. ral
=
_EaJE 'JEg "J'.!ol fl+ 6lq r-.;-= E q^lE ?i9,tfi,trf.
g.ol
EE oJ^ll €+ #r. doll Ecl 9ttrt. d= "J*l=
=ol ^lLlrJrl. =g= = ='^!6lE "Itl.
EgFoe afLJtrf, afu+ 6lf;tl.

42 "J= rl +80il LIEIU o[r-1o1 E11Ee g"Je 4= l=d^le.

C g el^fltr}. @ 4-J^Hq.
@ ba^Hq. 3 F€^Btl.

43 ol LHEat 'J? 4= 7=!rle.

=et
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@ ++=:"llq4 9i4zl q 9 d q^l "J*tt.
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@ ol.ll9 +Al7l +ol^J + Ee B€e 4H-ol €ol 4.tr1.

2il ld.selr,\l
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EEO| g7l7lE E?l 0f+ gal E!-JollE +^l Eiol El-tr1le.l 71:i= =J
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gltrl. Ola.l-d Hl=??.!oll rt|-d c"Jg a71l a?Jtlr gl+. -d rg 3Il+
= ^fol7l
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e6lal 7le4= HlEi?loll +^1617lE :iltrl. al= El+oll,\J= SEf.e oJ€6'l^l ?j-L xf^lo
=
E +€6.lG rl^ll6l2JlEl= 'JA=
^llflrf.

M ol
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@ +qlgS;llE* s+ql, ElEi?lol 5LzJ9R4.
@ ull €+= ule3o3 o e
^jl+g E + 9tE+ 9Rtr1.

45( )oll
=qg
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e g+e Azll+ol ot'J
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@ 4Eg Fzl+ ut€g +lo.J
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212 Chapter 2 €EEE?,\I

 ^lg

146-471 trl-gg Elr EEotl g6lC^le. (2+ 2E)

Eflg ?+= Erl. ?4E $ +r + It+r "J6|.ts ,i3 E^l E€ 7lq6l^l *6|.= ,i
g^FJe
goltrl. (O ) E+^l0ll qel ?l7l= 6l^loJ nt|"J += E 7l€E1l 1olo €EH+0ll
^pl7l
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plu golLl HHE a= eaE Ase rt|golE ?iol HfE l+01tr|.. oltrt| Hoil^l= oltrl
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rlq-d €=.e1 ss_+ TlqdHLl,J 8-E.= +4r?l-+ E'J:-Jtrl-. @ ) r=41 61l,t-l r
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@ #e dgE Tlqg +4l9le o19- uule4l xll^J6l+ 4C"lrL
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^l*Eg EF
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2fl ddEEr^t 1273

 N [48-SO] trl== 9.,rz =J6l#,^19. (4 2E)
==ofl
qdq flal ral+3 xlu rfel njflol ,J+-d flEal 6 ofLlHl, ?.!+7l.4lE
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trrl( =EE ). sl^l=€oll Etq6|-= E]l ,FJP IlrJ= +^l.6lr. 9leq rql Et=
91tr1. 7l+84 +4= E EE ?lrf. dl^ltrJ 2o12Ll 6J E
^4"J= ^lr. ^llzl4eE ^lal^lr
ETlrJol gE-d €EE^l+= 1547H+ cltloll^lE €E 4^l +=01 861^l^l grr. ?l=
g Hq=+. OECDoll sl6H tl=EJ ,\fel=z;21 "J €E xtEol d-uf +719 q€ r.E
^l+= qd rEgg qF 50%oll
zol 20'/"= iEz ?t= trrl trl Ll= tr+= el=-d
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= ^[al+Hsl

M oJrlTl ol +
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@ Axll4"J €E 47lE zlolE +46l.71 fJ6ll
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O zlrl9l d+6l1j1 @ zlcE bqg;.1fla|_r.
@ ztC ql +ddljt @ zltl9 "l4E Blzll "JEl

50 "J= rr+='il LrEru oJrter ilE-a g*= a= ued^le.

c cilEg.J-J q€Eg ta6la 9lq.
@ cilE4 .J H4 ql
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@ c€59 9l+ gql +Eg ++6ln 914.
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l^ao:e' 2 tE-sgl-z,\l
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N h-31 trl== g"J= z=d^l9. (?+ 2E)
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1
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?l(t<g) ^Hlg t?l(kg) ^Hlg
6 6
5
4.8 5
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6
5
4
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Chapter 2 AdE9?,\l
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-81 trf= E]|EI= E EL ololE + 9t='J= rEd{e. (4 2E)

@ 4+El7l rtl*qts-ql9-.
@ ?146141 6llEei 4l+-Jqq.
@ 4 {Ezlql 9lg elq + 4.olB^lle.
@ 4z\zl 4 9ztxlt4t4 eEzlxl $-rJalx]lg-.

e r+"Jg gq Eq Eo}4,qs.
@ 4E otolltag +ol'Jq+.
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G6
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rC *qlol €"1.
@ ql"J +rJ dA"l e S_eH +A+.
@ +E r +E *=ql g*+.
=_g-BJr-
@ += olfl elzlql +qr-g 016ll= Eg z-lot.

G7
@ 9x] Aql7F+71+4Ig $q'{H.qg-.
@ xll4 +4I F zllz| llc-tJ "JejEg4ls.
@ q=e 4+E+71= E^llzl ql. 9lq9-.
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@ +4++
oJzlqlBb tzil+
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@ qqH arlg g. qni4lzie?
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@ ql -z4s +aol geflErll...... ,J^l-Jq+.

x [9-12] cl€ EI|EIE E Er. qrpl olol^l -g -dE_e.E g+g A= ?=C.t\lg. (4 2E)

9
@ "l€ Eg ^lg+. @
^la9l dap 4".
@ g63ql zl.<J s_*g H4. @ gqg 5--t H.4;=.+?l++.

10
@ zlald t=dE= *olB4.
@ E*olrlq dsl€ eq +E+rl.
@ sulegg 4^J trl*sl= e4+q.
@ e+El= 4r A^qfldql d++4.

11
e +"Jol+91 do15 40.
@ szl +gq dop 4".
@ +"Jsl+ Ee+ClElql F+++.
@ +"Jq+ gqlolzlql Eq++.

Chapter 2 ddEEr,\l
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12
O AB+ql zltl EE++.
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"JEl,Jlss
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@ 45-+71 qq 9=zl 9"tE4.

x h3-161 trl== Er. lllEzl gil6l-= A= ued (r-+ 2E.)

^le.
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@ ql' E^J+ql EqrlelB 4l++ol 990F *4.
@ 4 q +"Jg flx]izl e_u. E^J+g ol+g + 91tr1.
@ +-il. E^l+ql^l
^l]E +g
4€: EIE glq-g + 9tr1.

14
@ rl"Jflzl €\l +l zJ*Elzt 9l+.
@ qlrl$q^l €F+= tl€g ?o14.
@']]+ €+= t'-g6l= ^l+ol 9ir+.
@ 4zl +Esl= 2^lTJEoJ d€€tr}.
15
e zlzl= roH Fql ^ll4l= q6gtu+.
@
^lddql= dq uql59 rl+t"l t*4.
@ olH olH + freszlxl gfl+.
^l4lde
@ 4zlY 4l+ €-++ 9-# Hqg+.

16
c HzlE +'JEt+ z4q^.1 +gg +tr}.
@ dgq 4r-lql= +"Jq olrJsol g:4.
@ E"^l€+=€ 6lr gl= Ece rll 8"14.
@ +"J H."l-4 a4lzlE il+= rl*5ol ql4.

N 117-2Ol trl=E 'Jrlsl A4E r=d^le. p+ 2E)

=! =C
17
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@ +4++ zls^l= HzlB4 4zlzl q gq.
@ 4Eg e46l= ql gq €Ee +"llEol
"lul4.
@ ztEg dqg ql= Bg
^lH.59
atg +"ll"t ++.

18
O ${E C€ ++ 7t+e '|]+ Hq++.
@ + H €€ +€g 6lH 4l+"ll^J 6UoF ++.
@ x1419 EEql ++6lzl *6lr aolzlb rl*ol B:4.
@ 21419 E+ql ++g + 9l+H C€ +€E +!qzl s++.

Chapter 2 €d-Eelr.,\l
 t]qol f,{ ^H

e Eezql oJr= 6l= +44=ol gtrl.

@ zl4lol zld + aeol 7l+ "Jg"J6l+.
@ €.Er-+ +^ldql ++ 4E= eg + 9l+.
@ +^ldql 46J S+e rl*"14 += + 9t+.

20
o Eo ^l e}tlg 2LJ €'?l +=61 6llot ++.
@ ++6lE +]6l= 4ol €Eqq q+6Hzlzl EE4.
@ zlH -n-q€- g trl= +E +E'11e9 rJ4o] 99"t trl.
@ 96l= ag E+ eg + 9l= +lAql^l= :=qotz] 9+rll €4.

N 121-221 trl== EBotl g6ld^le. (?+ 2E)

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21 'Jrlel
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@'4+g 6llzl6leJg ga|]_BE 9fzl r*4.
@ Eg E-g-qH 4+9 t aulail"t +trt.
=l
@ 4--g EH +^l7l E"l gsg trll g€61+.

22 ==
qtESE += ?iE u=#le.
O As zl+g =l^' 2H F"J ++.
=Hl6l]ol
@ 4+g Eg "t+qle Br E + 9lEl.
=H
@-4+e felEol Tltl +e {lql= "JBol4.
@ 4+g E ull uu|{u}z}r+ 4lag + 9E}.
^l-FeE Eol
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(2+ 2E)

23 'Jrl= +t= 6ru ?,r=rr rEd^re'.

O ulz|E ++611 9l+.
@ ulzt q^lql ae]6ll' 9l+.
@ ulzl *ql ql6l gzlalr !lQ.
@ rlzl "ilhql
ql6ll Hr.6l_r. 9l+.

24 =g
LI|ESE "J= ,r= red^re.
e ulzl EllB ^lgg aq^J Ellgg Strl.
@ hlzl= sE zJ'Jll uizl-= 6J + ++tl+.
@ tsxt= 4zl ull$
^lgq {olE "Jr 9lq.
@ slxl Hl]g g4€- nzl g:_r. _e_trulol= *4.
^lgg

N 125-261 trl== .J6ld^19. (?+ 2E)

=r ==0ll
25 'Jrrer
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E+3 4L+€-
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@ 5zl-53 BH^J trloJ+ ^J4€. ++.
@ A€3 €€^€g
EzJlql 4+ "llA4€ ztlrldl]o} ++.

26 =e
q1E9E "+= 7i= r=c^le.
O zlztb dql q€, L"Jql +o} i€g !lH+.
@ 4zlb +r +q9 +xll= "J4= d+.
^€g
@ 4zt9 ol-=3 rFEiql^J qlr+qg AEi{r}.
@ 4zly *sE r€ql^J Ezlql ql4 qE 4 014.
^lq4

Chapter 2 dd-Eel.z,|l
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x 127-281 trlg= E=oll .J6ld^le. (2+ 2E)

=r
27 qrrTl 'Jrroil4 "J6r-= erE= 7=fiAre.
@ zl49 A+Elg olzllfzl flaN
@ elzl9l RA €86}71 9J6ll
^l{g
@ d=ol ull 919{'J "Jg "J471 916ll

@ dql e4zl-= ,l= aq F== gzl 9latl

28 =g
LI|ESE "J= a= r=c^re.
e ++= olLil a+ d dEolq +4eI+.
@ $.$zl EJ++ d q]= elzlzl F zll 91S.4.
@ BxlE + sqzl EF qE a?lzl 7lE++.
@ AEzl.d9 .-42t9 rlTl"l q+ +"1!|ol7.l ?*9ltr1.

x [29-30] trl== g6ld^19. (?+ 2E)

=l' =Eoll
29 'Jrl= ++?.!rt 7=flrle.
O qL+E @ 44 €Tzt
@4t+ +4lxl @ lFqr-n. lrl

30 =g
q{ESE "J= a= o.ed^re.
e "Jol^lc+ xllEql^J= ++^d4€- +^l++.
@ "JqL^fC+ zllEql^j= Hdg rle_ s_21 ?+=+.
@ Lll4l€4r+ +bd+s ql^dq qlB bqg "J + 9i+.
@ Eql^14+ xllEql^J= o,l^Jq AA"J$ +d4 " E 84.
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=r =g0ll
31 'Jrrq d4ge "J= a= rec^re.
c +r-14+g ar.ll"J jr+ Hl€-g 4€61trt.
@ q+g +rl++el dcql *41 +16l_= aE ++.
^lql=
@ r+€- E47l gl6ll^J= E^lg d+ol zlzj rteafQ.
t}"ll"J
@ Ato]i'J iz+g E47I fl"H^J= Tole_l ''--^'-tr9 ;<lBol g.q6l-rf.

32 'Jrlel q|EE "J= a= r.=d^le.

O €.4l ztE= g+dlq E4ldg E+lL]]jz g+.
@ ,_4+4?l E*ql^J ^ldg aeg zlJ.<lalr !14.
@ ^JEH%F 9aE Exll= ;<l44q
']]"Jg xll,r.lall !14.
@ zl4lg gaq ql+ HlEg ql^J6lr oJoll rllulalr 9l+.

x [33-34j 4== Eg0il -Jaru,tle. g 2E)

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33 +$'il EH-d Lt|E?.!rl "J= a= r=d^te.
e "Jpl++E 1}€
@ "Jsl++ ^d4l4€
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@ gol++ EzJl€
^l+9

34 E= LI|ESE "+= 4E l.Ed^re..

C ^l€-6171 E4+ d qlEql "Jq++
^l+ol =r 9lq.
@ gq€+€ "JEzl +16ll rl"JoJ E].-qr el+ol zHB994.
@ "Jq++e "JEl++g ^l+4= ^l+Eq 47tEJ 6ll{l+.
@ "Jsl€+€- s4l6l7l +l"ll 6ll"ltrl 4dq r+g ++E d=+.

284' Chaoter 2 €dEel-r.^f

 €,J-4ol +q ^E

N [35-36] trl== E=oll =J6ld^l9. (r+ 2E)

=l.
35 'JrlE +t= 6tr qt=r; z=!Ate.
e "t9l ql6l] €H6lJ-9l+.
@'&t- q%r-Hg €B611 9l+.
@ Arlql +g ,.l-= i7}]6l_r. 9l+.
@ 4EE C+ql ql6ll €B6l:z 9lrl.

36 =g
LflEeE "J= a= rec^re.
e "19 *g logq €+.
@ "lE'&r- +l^lql4l +trt.
@ "l-E zJol Hb aol ++.
@ "lE +ol E4+
^t+qrll ++.

N [37-38] trl== ESUE=eJg{trl. E Ez E=oll =Jdtd,t.lg. (?+ 2E)

37 'Jrtel
=c
g4oE "J= 7iE rEc^le.
e 5^J= 9E zll*b :$foltrl.
@ $
4zl96]]^J= 5^-l= 6llol ++.
=9$
@ $^JE +sCql ql6ll +=61 ,Ja6|]oF +tr}.
@ rll"Jol+ gqlHlde q= +F4 oE "J=+.

38 =g LHEat git6t= ,l= rEd^le.

g ql=
e 4"Jg 9zl sldalzl ?+=tr}.
@ Htr4l=b44 ^lrqr+ SHol 44.
@ +^J= +q= .b+4es gCa}^lrJEl.
@ +^J= + trl= qlq++ 4^ll7l gdelg+.
 x [39-40] trl=g EHEJSLIEI. E Ez -J.-ld^l9.. (r] 2E)
==oil
39 or EHir gor Lt|EoE g"ie a= r=d^re'.
o +cq6JE ald4 g,q€ol oJflzJl !lr|.
^ll4l4e_+ ** 4lgol dzl az]qr
@ g+.
@ +"&4lEE ol"J ol qq ,l EEqlzl d+4eE 50lzl+.
@ olqgE oJ6ll 44eH, zlfl -JHl EE EzllTl oggoJq.

40 == LHEut gil6t= ag 7=firle.

e +Cq6}g €zl +iq= +^lloltrl.
@ +c+qe +cqdql^J trlg'Jol+.
eE zlE^l_sl= €g + gl+.
@ +coJ6J
@ +Aq"Jg flqql^J ,l* fl^l
^l4}qflq.

N 141-421 4== 3EgLltrl. E El =J.-lC^le. (?f 2E)

==0ll
41 == q1EII gil6l= 7i= r=d^te.
o +a]=Fe xtag +tsd.= 444.J flel"l4.
@ ?Ar=Fg HIC+4 t=€'zlqlrll^J +E H-^Jb.J+.
@ ,JAl=Fg 4€6lrll rl+zl ?+sH r-EEllr-7t
^Jaq.
@ a4LE"g {xll :zli ,J4& €zldl E=g crJr}.
ull

42 'Jrlel g4-=.E "J= a= rEd^re.

=c
@ qlgl^JHl^= eA u59 + ++ql Sril "J=+.
@ rJar'+e zlt} ^8€.€. eEZl alE ziT flq]ol4.
./ @ Bqzl= ,JCql ^lol== uJSolo[ aJc].
^l4lE dxll 4144
@ rJA:.+$ r-5lzl5 eErll zJe;lL g"Jol
"lq, a€g ^lslqlE
glEl.

2% Chapter 2 €lE.el.I.,\f
 EJEeI5+
^|ts

N 143-441 trl== trl+fllElalgLlEl. E E= =J6ld^19. (?J 2E)

==0ll
43 BE rl5'tl Etd= olf,E "+= ,i= ;r=flrle.
^1lE
e ad^lqlql d^dol *?lzl trll+ql
@ 4E+ zlzl:r- ;.€ ^l€€ tL!614= 9s qlE9l
@ zl7 +4$ol xldEq zlzla- 49zl ql-$ql
^llqg
@ T€g += ^l+=qlzl 68+9 7l^1Ll +q= EE ql+qt

M ol oloFTlol L1;Eo-e "J= a= l.=dlle.

=c
e rlt}e +H"tF zl+ 9lql +qlq.
,"1*"tH 9l rzH9q 9l+.
@ +tr-e
@ alt}ql= da=q zl-dlzl B4 9l+.
@ *tr-e a+T asl+ql^.1+ ga+ + 9lrl.

x [45-46] trl== 3glgLltrl. E Ez -J6ld,tl9. (?+ 2E)

==oil
45 =g LHEat git6t= 4= ?Edle.
o ql^E'lld H ilE= 4l€ql *^J *g "J=tr}.
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@ 'll^E'lld e-+E= zlazl "*"I€ + 9t= tE"l ?14.
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^l+E

46 qrlel qEE 7lg g"Je ,i= red^le.

O Hl+4.J +dql^J qltr-g E+6lr 9l+.
@ FZlzlE= g+6lq ,ll+ql 4l4Cg +r 9l+.
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@ gHl4ql Hzlql^J 4e4.J ^l;jl= ol€qqla 9lq.
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=Eoll
47 =- LHEzt sxtat= aE r=dle.
C AH Tg ztEg 1q fl4zl Eg Be + 9t+.
@ €+qt^J= aH +Eqt 4Ql zlgql 4+40i+.
@ a'J eBe a'J €E g zlt 844"J 6ile4ol+.
@ c+= t'J ergxlzl E€ Hg + ilE+ 24 fl3 xl?-J4.

I 'Jrrer EI|EE 7lg g"Je a= red^re..

@+'J +89 +zflEg zl!a|_r !le.
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@ €x]] A'J +EHl+ql EEg zllzla|_r. !lr|.
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x [49-50] qEe 3EgLltrl. € E.L EEoil -Jo-ld^le. (?+ 2E)

49 =e
LflE4 tsrrar= a= u Ec^re.
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@ E?ls-e. q+r€i ol+s+g €4l+ + 9,lri.
ta
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50 qrrq q|EE 7rg g"Je a= r=c^re..

@ Ea Ete xllEql qlql Hl+6lr g+.
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^l6g

Chapter 2 ld-Pol?,\f
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x [51-52] trl=E Elr Ort O0ll "J= 7+7+ -d E€fe.E lad^le. (4 108)
=ole
51 flol EtrJ-g r!+= +-dtlE+.
:d=oll
^1=
-d= 8+dfr ?tts
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:"Eq €qol Erl ==?]
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=

52 tl4l=- +lrl ?Jr 4l+ EE71f^lr r€|0l U+. re]|^l ( O ).

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e
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g4= 200-300rlE 4aC^le. (308)

^ltlel
zOO LJal 2O14LJel E^LJ= cH.so_e 'g4LJ=01 -r.trJ6l= E^ll'oll EH-d
€Ea/J-5 6lgtrl.
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f--f rrota
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Chapter 2 #d-Eelr.,t.l
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54 q== +rilE ate x111ol g4= 600-700rlE *fl/.1e. (soE)

==
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3 #0ll A|-t|]HJol
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3il lEsEr^l
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Chapter 2 €dE.El.,\t
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e B" ^l ?Itll @ €E "Jql

@ zll+'J4 @ +g "Jq]

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=
80J+.(zlE z=zf= zl=)
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7IE €+ (10kmoloJ) (10kmol8-40kmoltrJ) (40kmo18)
q= 1,000fl
84Ll 700fl Skmnlrl 100fl,ll1 +7t lOkmnlcf 100fl'l l +71
olalol 40ofl
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O -il.FTl-g ++= ^ll

Tl;<lolr+.
@ izl€"Je 4Okm "ltl"J a+Bq 40km El+"J a+ql zle6lq.
@ e H+ € + 9l= rFTl== 0l+619 zl4e ol-$tr'z|
gegq.
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10 r-do-e d gaE ,i3 +tgLlzl?

="J 11o

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| +ztat
=ut
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Ll|Hlllol,s flc1;o;e

I'ttt

C +^lg EflH ^l+E ul€ol +19'J HlgB+ q +q.

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^}+ol
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^l+3
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11 e= 309+EJ tr|-3= 1197/lrl 13gz e+B 0FZ7H€f0l T]gEJtrf. oFZT|lg^l

z3 7^l+EJ "J rO,rlzzlrl+. THHJ +q= 23El+ flq= Belet+.
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e A+=Le ^J^l oFrJ rl]+g 6ll Sq.

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^lae B^lZl 5'?Iolrl.
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Chapter 2 tdE-el-r.,\l
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^lE

flEg E-"1 Etol El^l gr= TUI| e+oe^l dal4 Erl= g7l +l-d
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e
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x h3-151 El== +,\jE]|E oJll HHE-el ,l= red^19. (4 2E)

13 (7f) rat|^l +^7J illE= *+= aol

=+r.
A4-g +E ?itrf.
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(trf)EE=P Ee ^ll8oll^1 Hl=sJtl.
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(al) 6l^ltrJ ollqZ=
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=
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d d

8, q=?Jll, rlrll3== ge= + ?ttl.

O (cir-(zl)-(+)-(4) @ (4)-(zt)-(+)-(+)
@ (rD-(4)-(zD-(4) @ (trt)-(4)-(4)-(zD

14 (71) ZE-aterf= 8eldol

=^lElE^1
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(trf) 61.^l'J
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7lg=01 Ll,\l 'F^l'= fl6lz 9ltf.
(af)
^l=P
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== =E
c (+)-(rl)-(tr})-(+) @ (+)-(71)-(4)-(+)
@ (+)-(tr0-(zD-(4) @ (4)-(+)-(+)-(71)

3El €dEel-I^l
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^l+al
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g^fal7l. tHtr.l+olEf.
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(rf) +410il Lfd 8.J+ q€=01 "J 50ll EH-d E"JeE €g8EH= 'J
+6fr ?lcf= oHTltl. =q ^1+
(af) 0lE ?l6H q€ €g$ol Atfdf= 0l0lalLl-d 8eJ0l Eq^lr. !ltf.

e rzP-1q-)-(tl)-(+) A /-l \ /, 1\ /-l\

w /-]\
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@ (+)-(rl)-(+)-(+) €, (+r-(/r/-(q/-(Lfl
/;\ /1 l\ /'l\ /rlr /-l\

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=q'J
B 16 xlLJd|J e 70/"= q^ppl?l 7l.o+ LlEfLJtl. qol gg0l d
+Lt| "JSEJ 0f0l=
t aE|ts a3 ,\|-al EHJ40+ oF=Hrf='98 daaE e-BFol LIEILE ?l7l rrt|Ee
E E rfTlel- 0lEol rt|= 0lqoF -Lftrl= el^lE Exf 6lHJdl|^lI 9,[o
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q,( )84s E:d= Elxl= 7Lo+ qr" il+.

o gH+ zl*zl 6JE+=

ol-5"1

l @ ol-5"1 d.Jg olpolzlo| ++=

@ ol-5, B ^JSS."| € zl*E grl=
@ 9ol +e *eE 6J+=
^ldg ztol

chapter 2 €d-?.el-r.,\l
 ) 'q.+r.-d EEH"J "J. 5t E.F. *J= E€ 7/]|= A= +B
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ts 4a1q1 +lt!=ol Eflcf.
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@
@ Llol= g4 E=tr}=
Fql^J
@ -H.Egol EZl= zlflalzl9l6ll^J

18 oo^l7l EEqtr.
^l+Ll
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Ht|E:dE-|.

olaHTf -H.ol7l ttt|Eoll SoHEol g Hq ?Jdoll 8'J6l +qdl7l ttt|EolE.l. HJE g

HJ++le HFJoI Eq S= )le:l^l EIE ( ) ?l:d€01 8'Jdl Ecf. oo
olfl tg= +E?t! EE=
^l+4o-+
EjtH-d+= zleloltl.
^l= ^lH ^lAte.e

O q^JEol g6lrll qq
€)r-F?ldql ql+ =l-9alol qE6Hri
x]6lql ilE4oJ €.J9
@
^lq "li
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3El ddEEr^t
 x [19-20] 4== B.lr g6]d^le. (?+ 2E)
==0ll
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=?ttl. =C++l7f
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= =ol
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= -4

19 ( )ol
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€) +H €l4ol zlzlzl +91^lH 4+zt g'll= "+€- + srl.
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I

-'aC chapter 2 !d-Esln,,rl

 EqolE rrtl

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E7l ,Jtr-d ,J eEHel gEol gttqat olef zJgg aN=01 ilE":hzll Agbt
I 91tr1. rl.Z "J=E=4 =86f8^l
trl+^lB 'JE ++E"J+LI gHJ SUF-a 4fl^l"J a|ZE
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4 "J== SSEzJol
alTf 7JEJ-d Elltrl HJc= Ele PJOIE Elcl^l a "JE al.tfrflgoe e=fE6h= aHl^lE
'=r
0l 9l+.
=Hl6l^l

21 ( )q Eqe g"J= aE r=c^le.

e +"J+ €48
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22 ot
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@ "J"J €B €4E +4 BSol tsa 9lq.
@ e4ql=e zs+ +4g dEalz gr1.
@ d €49 +4 BE"l Etrl+ F*6la 9lq.
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+= qlll +=J EJ^4 3E= -H.r. eJ+. E5+e+ EJ*45 #zl.

=€|oll^l =-BF7f ^ltrJe.l
qeot|ajE
oHEJE =Jr ?lEl. +el"J+ -ef(,lflel €,\1+"J olLlal tfal =JL
=+9 ^l"J=el
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EE ^1tr TlHLl EJ445 E^l^JtrJ 0l=q+7[= aol olLlfltrf. zJr_4=E '=+,
'gi,{+' E=sl +g^H= ._lo.q ^ali+
EE= r|]El?lull trJ=q7lr ?Ifl,trl. Olal-d E+l
71011436|.^l F=iltrl. 61.^l"J LIE 'gul+' E9 +"J^H= '-leq ^l=oll=
rJ44 E+l7l
oil 4qEz ?lgrl.
= =+9

23 "J= rr +Eoil LrEru Lfor flloE g+= 7iE ued^re.

e ol€tr}.
@ +aq.
@ ++61+.
6 Brr+lr]
v | t.
-F

24 ol
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LHEaI ?J= 4= r=c^le.
e *aq= a4#"l "l=q7l= +€ol+.
@ += gqlHldss +44 +€g E9t+.
@ *aflql= ol 4 zlzl zJ45"l +"1 9l+.
@ += zl++q +i4 q+E +flzlql 48i{t}.

T2 Chapter 2 ddEelr.^l
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N l2s-271 trt=g tlE 7l^[ol dl=gLltrl. 7|.8 E €B:d A= red^le. (4 2E)

25 €=J=8, g^Ll ll +c|. g?] ". Tlqej

^ldl

e a4trE TlEq ^1617l = Exlloltri.

@ +E= glol u1..r.lg aiLJ=q 9zl €^J€4.
@ q= +t}^lzlzl $ezJE €=JF+EE 9"lo} *4.
@ €Bol E*ol EqZl #tr7l4auJ59 9= +tr.^lrJ+.

26 Z€^f 6t|elT.!= Eoll 9=q ?]aJ '+l:d

='

@ a€^lql^J= e.l+q= +6t= +ert*"] €+g *l- 9l+.

@ 6l]e-le 1l=61= a€^L=E zlg=ol 6llE ^l+=E+q +€g *r 9lq.
@ 6llelEd=6lzl *61,:J a€^L=ol 6llelE Tl=61'= gol glolzl4l qflq.
@ rJg^l7l-6]]Es d=6lE^l e.l+q= +61= rl*ol +l+ 4dg tsZl
q$q.

27 gd^ zJE= 7AE :#?3 '=€'

O ylEqa 9lq.
'IE
=LAol
@ rleq gd^Eol Etrl"+ a€qr- il+.
a€qq ,IE €|4"1 e€qa 9l+.
€qq glHzl ++ol flg"llzlr 914.
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=qe
28 Fs.z;- HH+^fLf +E FJ=oll4l 6l|0F -g r."J At=J= 0l0lollll +zJ4o-e dl
'J+71 ?lrl. +-e.zl el16t| Hol= rlLlollll €^l4ee el^lo-f= ?i
=
01tr|-. o-f^ltrJ
==6fr.
q,''l +Eoilzl 34 +alr #-r. gl-+ EI. d3 0f=01 ?itr|.
^lLl
ral-d ( ) q=Eel E^J €tr141 El= 0f0l= da-d +oilE
El3= € sflalrl
^f€=
^luel =-dtrf.

O ACg E€+ zll

@ tlE:g *zl ?+e ill

@ E=+ El+g 714.71
@ q++ aag ,J=
^tl

29 a€LllE?le^lHl4(SNs)ts 7t|?lEol EH-d elz= qal6fq q= E

.!ej +ill7f =J + ?t= ^fEl=Illo]l
Eq+$,tr[. ol^ltrJ r q=aloil Hl6H^l +d-d
== ^f€
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=01=
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^lErl=o|
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O sNs ^JHl^ql^J E-q6llnl4=

@ SNS ,<lul.^ ol+ El^l-= Ht+=
@ sNs "l+*g 44t;14fi rtzl.xlzli
@ sNs "l+%Ig €olA+ +41= €461=
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30 ?el dE -dgol g=rt+= +ol-= + g!tr+. Etrl= E71=

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E=d4 -d^l ffi01= HIE dOil^l
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^E nH=oJ
( ) 4oltrL
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o eH EErHql sl+6lzlEi=
@ ^Ez Eqql ql6ll ."" +6-lq=
@ zJ€61 g$6lr +^.lg f 6iq=
@ ot4ql g+ $l-E g4=l=
=qg
N 132-341 trl== 9jr. Ll|EoI e= ,iE l.ed^lg.. (4 2E)
32 EJAC+= 4+, 5E fle-+ 8t.t6lq EJA-dREo| 90% 018?l C+trt.
AEJ
zlE= eEel loH|1 €Ee lil^ltrJ +zl= aEel Zov"dl TlEa zs=71
=rl6ftrl.
EtrfHLl SaJaUl q.= EHITH'So|L| olttehEJ4 Ht|= A A4E 3trf' tr
^1|E
rH EJ^C+9 7121? EAel qF 6H|1 €EE Hl^lf^ltrJ 2030LJoll= ef zul +=nl
zsetr qlgEJrl. oloil Ehaf d EJA€8 EBE
'sqtr
^l 0l8el ^ll4l4etr ^l8e
10% l€etol ql8EJtrf.

o ts+49= 4+, 4+g gEE "JEq4lq.

@ Ea4g9 +de ol4I++^E ull€*+= aol+.
@ ts+49= rla-H.4 +Zl= +Azl"J zlEE E-l+.
@ Ea49+ 7l4ol ulr,| Zq
^l+qzl ?+g d"Jolr+.

$E7ILJ= 179Ee +=e += q= E^H=01 311

6|-7 ts^t|Eal|^l=
=q=r
flE age LfE|-JEf. q=E^H +7f ol^lal 43 +taJ^lzl= aala|.^l ?ie
=?Jil
HJ+EJ aol +EJ floJo_e g6l-7 ?itrl.
)^t1l7loL7l 4?
=6|lE ^lrllHlrJ[,lTlq
6HElEl.4-68 +Ee 6F "JEH= +0f H^.|:d +l7c Eoll
ttlLf=Ell 0l 7l
7J /'/.4l7l8A7f olfl^lE^l
^f+c HJ6l|= ?i0ltrl.
daJoll E=trf=

e aillTl a4= e^l]q &+g *6ll+ti.

@ 4q7l A4= + 4-6!,<|ololluJ "l+qd+.
1H
@ alz1lu1z3-uH7l= 4"l4 4-6HU q q5rlg trl\l+.
@ d€zl'JgE xl€q= a4lEol dd €q=r 9lq.

et^"

Chapter 2 ddEel-r.^l
 d= -stlAl /*= fllol6l+L7l EH-+$al ELl$oll4l +=gL ?lcl.
^lEl g= EHtl
ol ",jol z-lFofts gtr|,^EJolul trl^llEH= 87J= 'J+=
=E6't= =E
8il, +=-d €=J€ol, E-l "'je E?Jg, elES e3 +'J= T.!trf= EEol ?ltrl-.
"+11016l?^'= '7l4ol olLJ EloJTf +71= 8f,6t= zS'eE g^ltrJ
=^l =rfol
-r. #^l gl., trJ=ol €otE de EEH?lel q7= E Eq=trh.
=-J4ola

@ '+llq6l+r-'= 7l+al +48 ++61-= 4"14.

@
@ '+llq6l+4'= 614qtr €HAolTl q ++dhl4.
@ €qlflEe pol golE +Hzl"J +zig 4r.4q+4.

x [35-38] trt= +rllE 7tg g"Je A= r.ed^lg'. (4 2E)

=e.l
35 Hl=(tFlE)7|.=E old! -+€^l gJg trJoltrl.Z=6f^l gr1 EiZ6l7'lLf,
=€ =
4olLf SEel ol6]|zJZlT| "Jol E-stE|{ 7l+= ol+= 4?71 401+. ral
=6HC
Lt ol=oll EH-d €r44'H4 ZE g,tr|-. EE-d 0l== ul€,soe -H.= E{l
^133
oJ^.lE ol== alE-dtrl. 7l=r1l-EE HEt= d gq+= E80l
^|l4 ^llll4e-e
7l tt[E0ll EaJ /.l4e-+ sJaJ {lEel ?]^l= /.l=dl 7fld6h= lalol Q+EJtrf.

@ zl49 €4lzl 4*all4oi *4.

@ Hlg zlrti 54 +49 ="#o.l9ol fl4.
@ Hls 7l+q ql+ Hzlql zl9ol 9l+.
=a
@ Hls 4+ +\fl ^llEe+ "J^lg zld6llo} +El.
36 qle+q 4^ll7l qa1?l^lE q€=sl '\71E 4ol7l #0fT.!rl= +a0l ?lrl. 0l=
47|=EJoll ?l+=J +'+oll g.7l rrl]Eoll €Ea flr tsoll EJ !!|ts ElLl.\
^HlcalTl
71E= 0lE6H 4HlCal= 0l+0ll^1fi=Ell. "J4oll^l= trt|dgzloll^l 9E
^F-drl=
4ee ElLl.^7lE= fi"J |Z trJnt|= +T.lllfltrf= +et= E^l-r. ?lcl. _s tl= 0l

? 4te 0f0l=Joe 7l$dfl€ /.lE6fTl ttflEoll ElLl,r/=cl EJn[|7[ E=-dtl

=
olzoltrl.
=
@ 4zllzl q e+H qd5e zl3 ololH o tr TlEc+lg g+.
^lEdlrll
@ qldg4lql^J= 4zlzl EgrolH 9E4eE trlq^4_E= +6J^lzJrf.
zlav{4 4zllzl4"1C4.
^lglpq AEl d 4zl
E_7l.
@ "lr-144 +6861H
@ 4zllzl qBi+H qc=9 7Jol7l #olzlb aql ql6ll r+"J+ 9dol gl4.
^4e

37 1 =l= 48 t!=Jotl^l e= qalE= ++6.|-^l

=dl.r
0lrlg ErlE
E6l| 6t|=dfal
E-L ?ltl. olal-Lf E+3 4aJ^l| e olLla|l
-g + ?t
= ^FJ=01
tl. trlzJ^t| =+=9 =8
-d€oll "J+6f^l Zl+ 0lAl= 47o1.ts AfEHolrf. 4aJ
=+=g
eE ++
=6f-r.
.\Eall{= Z-d-=t + 91tr1.. EETIEP 0l= d|'|1!6f7l
^H =+=01 =oJ,
+l6H^l=
^lUel
#E zJaaf= fl+= 6fz, e87l +E= ?l€= Z4l
^ll+E^l
HfalHpF -dtll 6fl--Jtf.

o +++g €€ql uJfalxl *6].i1 ol^Jg ++6141 "J=+.

sl'J^ll
@ rl'6r-41 +++g,q+ zltl"JE"l 4= ++ EEl, -AEql^9 +g ?l.Jol+.
@ sl%r-^I 6++o1 5:r giErll olE "Jcg ,J7ll Et4+lr_B,^l 6llig + gl+.
@ zltlql^j qeJ+g 6lle6lzl *6ll olzlg Fall ExllE qle{q= 4ol ul=&rll
+++ol+.

Chapter 2 At-"elr,\f
 E{P{H^H

38 olE-d Sill ?l^l uulE 4=.-+ *.$qa fl+. S

=il|= ^l4EJol
f. Eg!01 494^40la|E € =^H= ^fBte-l
9t= 8il| A dLplEf.
7itrJ 3Ee
=rt|el ^FJElEl
oltrl. Egol +g= ?t= 5JE€ o7"0ll 7lutrlz -dtrl. qal,'.l Edl
=i|Tol ^FJol g
?l^] 'J3 EE ?l^l-g Eal7l zol glrf. f.rt|^l .$e E€loll^l
^l ^f=Jg
elq +EoE i,rol olEqr ?,1tr1. rilal ?]=ol E7tEo-ol7l rrHEoltrt.
=Et|

O +|l ^l^He d+Col +-tr}.

"J^l
.J^l
@ +i]|
^l4ee +gCol S+.
@ +iil "J^l
^14H3 C+E7l ++.
@ +{ el4 ^l^Hg ffi-q"l ++.

x [39-41] trt= (Hz;;"; E€|ol 7El g"J€i Ed^le. (4 2c)

=0il^l =q7l7l0ll ==
39 +tr oJ=)t= E* Elol '= a trhE + 9lEh. (o ) egdTtaJal
=al'qil
?lfleloll nl=E FE ?]=1!e €'J, Fe.rl= rlrlslzLl HJE|i6I= LHEoI
=€
Eil.o.E 7tts61trt. ( O ) .E.-d +7f+o-+ 7la= E^l6f= aE E7l-=-dEll,
=€
+uJ4otr 'V^l!]g'g -d aolafE.SZ$$o.e ?J+E + !ltl. ( O )
=61
E€ F-Exfel 4E goll^l El= oJ=}tE dzE=-e.e ^lHg'= + 9leE
=E
_e +9= EJ+dl.r ?lq. ( @ )

EGI

eo @o
ra\ A -\
\1/
/=\
\9
 40 HJaIZ EEE=^ll= g=el '=E UE=' gg0l+. ( e ) gJclqal 7|]= fl
711 *7ll 6H += olEE ?t^|"J, r4gg ?Jal^171 +7lE= g,8= qll
^++el
94_=. olgel 4z glrf. ( o ) HJzlsl +4eE 7l== 37Hg aJ 0lAr
^l7l= olF4o_+
sl 7|1= 5== 6H0t -drf. ( @ ) uJ-=f ^l .= .+oll^l 5E
^l€-d
Efl= gEdlE fl41 5=ol 7l56ltf. ( @ )

L|.|8EJ E= ol|eJzel dZLl +=olB 'J=q+= rllEtl.

^lE8^l7f =+oll

oe @e
@@ @@

tr
E
f*
E 41 +al /.lel= rE?J =J-J6frl E-d LH-8F4oJ i.laJ=oll4l E^117l- ?lclz TIE-a{
trf. ( e )ra1+ C4+^l-=3 LH:BF€3'Jz ulggzLl I^{oF -=t.JEol of
I Llal-L "J-d+. ( e ) LH:BF4?] 8Ee t-zl^|il U=6lrl=
^FJ='Jel ==-d
aol+. ( @ ) L[|-EF4?I €4 ttt|Eoll HHltr =Jety g.tf. ( @ )
^lTlHl6foll
I
?Its -rrHeg | g.+= golEg rfi ge_eE oJ8= € + 9trl.
^17

I
oe @o
ai
\Y-l ,A
\7 @@
I

3]0 chapter 2 AE-Eel-z,tl

 =-+:- -: ^+

N 142-431 4== ?]? E=oll 'J6ld^le. (4 2E)

+al= 6f+ qg= nfxlr. E=J-+ EofeJtl. raJrll qlA|6l^l E:*E afEJOl Eqfi
=$el
trl. 'Jtrol 7l^la- gl= 7l-=E E=Jel uEol gal^l ?J= aolq. E=J HJ"JOll qflat HlaTl
E7f glfl7l rrilEoll rl=
gE +4= EEJ -=.Hl-e =?J:ilrl.
LHalTf E'J et| gal^l ?J=^l -'f^l"J
^lflollll =ol qa1?tl. =clE?ttf.
rlfl E-d +a
E rf gq= €6t^l =6|1 ?al7l ^l-d ata= €E6l= aol =i=J
olal-r. "J6l-=r1l ++ "J= 6t=^l €Ef6l gof== +7f s.gtl. ofEl. s'J elE 7l?Jol 9=
ofdzt^lflrl.r 6l= 7j.,J?L)l rEl^1E €Ejdlzl g0l=3 101 OfLlfltl.
,J^l7l g= 7[a;+. -"tH #oJ d=qg olal sJ=J-Lf g='J:iltf= A0l Ll+
=0ll :*^l'J =JeJ-d
Ilalfl+.==ol
LJtr3 ul.ollzll E g fi.= ,iolal-r "J6lq 0Hu1 d4t--J= +^16lzl
Tl Hnl
' l-"1
04al6Hrl-
'
--a-l
"gE E+E'l +^f. Eol S.cl^lE -d+o.E EolTl= aE -'JELlzf." 'Jtr= 0l=11 "Jdhq
+E= 43 rl= Eole +1oJ7f 471 ^l+:*t|.. +13 trJqEalE Eole Ed|= ul^l E=J
Hq=e-eu +471^l-d atEJ= g|.alalr -d aol+.
^lflOllzl
.JEJol 3 E A=J 4fl3 a7H= ntr:oltlLl tl= 840ll,\l +alsl EE zfrla +
=
sJEf.
==
trlg6l Eoll^l S.GIC S.gtt.
ol-rI
=?J=

42 "J=rl +=gil LlEtu Lfol E11EE g"Je ,l= r=d^le.

O 446lit 91tr1. g u;{a}r 914.
@ .J=a1l 91u1. @ +el6la 9lq.

re ol
=sl
LHEaI ,J= 4= 7=flrle.
O B€e ge qlE 7l7Jg +4e!.t}.
@ d +ql= qfl4 ul{zl E7l 9J.fltri.
@ Ll= *€4
gl+ql^J AltH 4ol 9ltl.
@ Ee 4ge gq 99 tl= flq= E6lzl *oJ+.
 N [44*45] trl== B.lr g6ld^le. (?+ 2E)
==oil
g+el trlEl a|]=al-
'€0|l+71 Fjiz/l=' oil^j thTl(=€al a?), xll2zl(+lgIl
^lolE+^l
trl^l)Oll Olq 'tr|^l 0l+ zrJ6lzl trel:drl. rl7l0ll=
^ll37l= ^lLt|= ^l7l'_e ^1l17lel7.11271
oil r|]Et =JEol += ol+fl^l"J EE TlrH+EOl qel ( ) tr^|.
Lf= lLJ9 #0ll tHHl6fTl +l6l|,t'l= '"=8'= =cl'J0il
7l=eE eg= €zld|1ot -.Jtr|. E€ olrrl-Lf =cl
tfE €z #=^l €46t| -E-r. Lajel tJ= 9l6H^1= +g= uH?a q._ez1l o=lloF 6l=^lE g'
0l_E0l0F €trf= a0l+.

M ol +rilE g"J= 4= r=c^re.

=er
o ".Joll+7l 4+AlE q ql+ r-ql ritr- rqol g,aa1r1.
€) €^J €'?lel t^J €41= €l4 qzl ol+E +rt.
=El6llot
@ tsll+g +zl 'JE+ r-oJ rq zl+g g,<Jolalo; ajr4.
=g
@ €+ ,lql+B gtlql
"l= u"3 +xl 4lEE THdol €.ra1c}.
I
t
rt

45( )q
=q'J
LllEo_E g"+- a= a=flA|9.
@ zllzzlzl
^HErll €9qr
9l+.
@ zllszlg +e^Joi ql+q.l 9l+.
@ xllszlql 4+ *dol g.o1x]-r. ?14.
@ xllszl !
zlz3o14d #olzla 9i+.

Chapter 2 ddEelr.,\i
 tJ-4o1+q
^lg

N 146-471 trlg= 9.lI 'J6ld^le. (?+ 2E)

==0ll
e= al8:d +Eg 7t+= ++olLf Et6 5E eol|J +80il Ets rtEgoil EH-d Ecol
. Etrl, ( o ) EgolLl +tr egoil EH-d 4€E 6lrl golE Etrt. E-d +Hoil oJ
^lEgg
9{4e 8^lg dl^l g0l rfE 3aJ= 6|la galE 9,tr1. ( o ) Hlts ollgoll+ H=.J oJ
^l-Etrl
EU ( @ ) olrltrJ ztltr-l+E tr^lef +rll7l rlSB +ttE 'JHEol rl.l-
g!trf. ( @ )^laJ6Ef.
:all 7H?140_e ElaJ-g + ?lE+ gE EEE, 7]|€iltrl.
^tE8^l=

46 q= Ectol
=or7r7r'il
7tz* g*e
==
rEc^le.

oloil g+= E€ trl +=6'171_e :dq-.

^fE€|^l=

ee /a\
\4 /<-\
\9
oe /';\ /5
\f-l \:/

47 ol
=el
q|E'I 'J? 7j.= 3eflrle.
O xl€at$ H4ee +xtlqr 9lq.
@ xl€at3 zlts as+fiql +4 %l$"ltrl.
@ xt€zlE Hl+g uil+Etr}= &lxl"J s+AlB+e Elr l+.
@ xl€^J$ 6lzl +l6ll^JL HeE €xl-= Ai.l^l *olE g+.

3El dd.selr^l l3l3

x [48-50] trl== B.lr EEoll =J6lC^19. (r+ 2E)

zoozLJ CE'J -d+g *0|-3

+l^H= 9l6H 4+9 flE=e -d+?]=el 3fl8 -trq
'gE'J ^llll -E g^oil Eq -d
+e1l g.= 8fl'Olahr E_=.=*cl. 'Jq E Olgsl
^hg ^FJ=01
E4ale '4-d"J+'= slxl= -=.Gol 4 47t|EJ Aolq. -d+fl=9 3fl9 E.+
^11/i14+oll
7l -el trf=etr. 6l-ErEl= +^ll9 -d Ef=Jolfltl-. 8tt|+oll tH-d HlUolLl 49= fi.fltrl. e6l
al 8flEe 47171 EU Fl 3fla15 5"J 8Z ^ a1l7l= ^l+q i!€4= 6l7vl^l
^l{]0l
-drf. olal-d 8fl=El= E+rHAfol ElTlE:ilrl. 5af -E gaoil 100trJ E Olarol gdalE
( ) 71.=d0l E+= 7l=el 5'J0ll HJ6f= 7;-ol9.7 | rrll=OlEt.

M -Jrl7l ol
==
+
=4=
a=firle.
C gEA *gE +41+g Hl+6171 916ll
@ 9e 9"19 +g *Hg €€6171 +16ll
@ €=9 *g {.s+71 zl{.$+Cg "J4zl flaI
@ d+ +gg +zJlE Bdrlvlb 4+ a96lzl eJ6ll

49( )oil
=qe
r-|l8oe. g"J= {= zed,rle.
e 4ql+ i+ol 9
@ +q4oJ rl4zl gde
@ ^J'&+ "Jq e'ql7]'71 EH€E
@ olE Bl+olq 4l+ql azla3

50 "J= rl +80il LtEru Errer EI|EE g"J= A= red^re.

O *g$elE +44.J tsEztxl f$afr !lQ.
@ *xl4.J +dq^J +g$s+€ EdqTlr 9i+.
@ 4ql7l= E.^J^l7l= *gEE+= EJcdlr 9i+.
@ e^l 9l= *A+5+= ;L€rr o -E €71611 9l+.

3]4 Chapter 2 !d.Eel.r.^l

Chapter

€=J "4 6]|€

1il €H "J 6ll€
2-s) €B "! 6fl€
3El €g "J 6[€
 ",,. A,l €tJ tt an€

Frl gE[H - boqil

01 o2 03 o4 05 06 o7 08 09 10
O) o, @ o\ @ e ai A ad 3,
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
@ ad o\ e e a)
v @ rA o @
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
O' ad
v c n) e e @ @ @ A
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
@ lz) c o\ ad e A @ o\ e
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
n) o\ a) o e o @ e

01
o{zf : f;ll-*t, +4 u]zl zJefl a. *)o}o1a7
',frl-,"I-Lf -a, "FtJ.fl {-L -f, "tSef "t *)A"-tt-. tr-tzi+Jtr"f rJ if+ctt zllfzt
ift'ler
o{zf : +^l+ "!E?l zJ.ili ++ + 4"-t"F +H-e.. 4.{l+ e"trl ifi rll?"1 o*"l--s-.

'*trJ "l7l doll

+ }!flqe?'a[= "JE 'J^f7f +E= +r ?138 "J + ?]+Lltrf. rE,
'=
=6t| q^f7l += u!^l -pJg 'J^f= Ll+af-r
^lE "J=71 floll= += + 1!q0F 6t|e.'af= "J= 56H
913= g + ?t+Llrf.

02
f-'i-t o1 \cllzl otzt4tr-t s"J+ 7lloj trFeqt " f trJl E+[E++H e"lf z/ z[z?
o17F : zttzF +JH ++J +nts?
tf*F "F laJtrl-r ++oJ -tcj+llr? +eeuj eF"Fzl. ".t J ojoiul-r{lt.
'
'El-=oll ==tll', '=oEtrJ BfoFxl' i$ 56|| 7l+Eoll ef,\l EEH= -tr=? ?ltf=,tg gf + ?t
+Lltrf. q^f7f '^117|. -dH +91 Ezle?'+r "J-J +E4 'J^l7f '++E clE6|]9?'af-r. "J-d +
80il^l q^f7f a4oil +?l ?trl= ,t= "J + ?l+Lltrl.

1El I'J "f 6||€ 317

03
"{zF: *14-"J "{zJE, *J^J Ltl+ clt,tt tofg L^JLtnl? z,rf ztaF'ft al-EtrJ. 2ot4L14
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+ *J^lte tqsu! zooouJ s,2ooeJ, 2otoLi. s,4oo.eJ, zoufl s,6ooeJ,2otzLl
6,oooeJ,zot3Ll o,zooel ez EH'L ,7+ "l + "JtLtEF. sLl toJ
^!+*Fr il+
,ooeullF Hf -a.tl-o{ +21 2s%71 Eritro +fulrf. ,l++ ul*ol E"1 +'t^zt+
r3 e{!c-{l aJql^l iHl+J 4t*! E^f z}o z
4^J^lAt|" *H(*H E-^t+ 7J oltotnt-L?
rlePlel 5LJrJ EE trcilq Ha|oll E|16|.| 0l0F7ldlr ?l+Lltrl.

o4
o{al-: "t +^-t E+ "tEFLl- 7f tfzi.+zt +zl-.
'f,*F: LHTI- .E ^f-z{-z "Jol-'-F +JE"l.+zt alolt o{tE,t
^f t ^J'l Hj+EJ 1+E-f fl+
7- Tl.-lzxo-| ,::

o{zF :

'J^l7l c=xl qlr|]-d zfzll s;goo_e "-r.Dlg. =jE0ll oleJ gEE ELll."alr 4-J6|10F
-EtLltl. =,\lEoll

05
"{zF : s.A At ztltrol ul-r-Jl s-. ?t+Jol LF^J "l+lrt E *JEoJt.
"FuF Bof al-^J tzt 21"{ls. +"f EIEJ. "1.11= zt lsttt4t TrlJ*F+ ^FzJEot Tf
uf,zF:
cl{ -& . ol Hf "J + !|'Fofl 7F^J
"lzll = 71 ztr-lzl E *,r 11 + zll ".lwlt 3-?
"{ zl- :

.Jrf= q^lsl TlEel floJol gzll=71?l aeE _Hz 0lHl?!+al.oll 7l-Ealr -?Ioo-=. "Bfl TfIl
Z,\16lI. E qo.E Ll=7t19?" all qEJd]|ot -ErLltrf.

06
o{zF : LF til+ # ,J'Fl +ztt.
'f,*l-' zz| E"l s+ 7)4t AltEI64I "[4 * l lt"llt +J. zt't441 trlzt+Elt oF4
E + ,i"l"i. LH"J rl+ zt+^l ,t "H "Jt Ttzt^i eE+ q *'t"p"p gq.
"{zF :

'J^l= ^lLJ+oll "JZ E= *olrl-=afr -?{oo_=. "r F LHT1 +olcJoLlTTf egollll

*0|. Hf."7f 7fB ^Jl+4011
4tr-d rHEJgLltrl.

Chapter 3 €'J "i "-l|€

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08
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09
tf,*F
+ 7ttrl^t +J oJ Ell + + ,t *Fa il"-l ?

4o{l^J ++*I.+cJl +al tal

uf4f Efl. "l
LfTl-7I-LJ+
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4 "lq.tt?
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q^l= -+€== "Jeal -+at 7loh4+r. -?[ooe '+rl Ztrl.'71 8EJ

gLltrl. ^1|g= ^l+doll ^t+goll

1il €g "! 6fl€

10
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'f,.1- ^jE;f 7.ll

il "-t -e- .

'+oj E+J ++ trtf+t^t E ,Jzt-st zll*fzt of

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of rf |f f,uf rf.
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+t"1*1
u-tl, eJ*t-^t+ rto++
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zt+ 711'Ir{!'lts-.
H^l7l fl6t= 'Jnl= "J6fE q^l7l +01-^1 0lollg= HL|1?d+r
:il+Llrf. oloilg= g+6f
^]tr
7l doll q^l= -J^l7l fl5|.= -JrrlTl qlqFol 7fo-sf^l EJoJd|1oF ofo_= q atE sl -Jfi EJoJ -sl ' ="J
f
rl.'7f €EJoJLlrl. =

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?t+ +.il + o ut stzflzz
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of
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zl-L u-lzTolzJ!o1_&. oJtrf .fl l+tzt"F *l-E71 zlatrlal Eo_f ll.!- Ertts-.
'JzF "f aJ ? E4+ r+tzl wH +tqt +qr urzt"F :qt3_. +t1nt-?J "J zl_E
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EZE sl= +8 ttll tlr--J + ?ltrl= H^l.el "Jql q^l= a=J7jl d|1oFrjl+r il
=
oE.= q^t= +E =tr1101^l0l^j
gE-=F agLlrf.
=tr1101^l=

z{|ff r/,tltl i zl sH ?iLtnt?

f,ut
r-ll, of zll zlr-t itlt " Z 7lz1 a s .

7J*tE;ttqr zFo+ 717u^tE 7ltEiE +lr{

^j4s^1ts.. t_t4i- I "Jzu! rp
zlt *lz, *Jzll+ €"J^-rE Hf"Fe^ltn. 7{ztlt-tEgl zilE i "!+ z; "y1 zlz +
r*l-zt!-e_. "F, f af -z aJo{t r{t1l-+J zr4
^J+7t 7tz17t^1 4^tdt"il^J oj++
i Eqtn Hj"F e,.ll-e-.
|
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i 'J*t "F, 1 c[zlTf z1r1+[z ulzf- ofuf ,J tttzt*Jqt il? zJo{tt_. HJ"Fzl-,.{t-e_.

'J^l= qrul4l 2J c|tlTl4t€:d €Erl= gol/\l E/\lalql TEla_ -?.[o=e q^f= z EHalqlll
€E^l= HJofot -ctLlrl.
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Cnapter 3 €g "! 6l|€

 EJEoI
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13
'jtF ^1+^l.fl^J "j +"! +t l*; ofzJell zllY!+lcfl.
^l'7il
9Lf 77F zJel-
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EJI+ al L 7l +nl?
o{ zF uF.E rFTilE 4 il"l . -zltr'{l "Jfll+zl z!f_ atz E"1zl 1 "J 1?
ujzF *f-+.1 l,zootrju1 {a;*j 1 ").'tr. "Jtfli "Jrilt)gz Ef zf o{le,{*,{E El3
:uj */1t+t^J
^t-E
EJEl.t.

"{ zl- -fz,{? 3,ooo9f"laFEJrtt *J oJ"l y 2z!nlzl"! ^l l Nepulnl lzl E"! rf

7l-. Ltt?f eE "Jzta)ez qlE,{*tt
Ezll.

r=|Oil "Jetg + ?l= ?.!flP 6t+0ll 1,7008ee fl+Lltrf.

e rte g8-g + g,tf. g+g E?l ^llftqq
z3 oFZ T[|UE
'Joll=
ggES - qlr}|E
-E'Lltr+.
Elr flEoll,\l ,\IE EJLltrl.
€) r.=|el ?lElLJ.l-oe"J qlEt|-g + 9ttr1. ?.!El't!
--*
@ rtel 98fl3 1oJ=J 48]7t',^l qlrt|-g + 9lrl.. --- 1oJ=J 28nl^l qE]|-g + ?l+Llq.

o{zF: "{aJE, "f z{l+El+ zt-lt +4+l^lu/ rjulrl'. "l o+?aJ+ "J
Eol- al-+ Erlt
1F+J i1"f +zz "J1F*F^J + ",l.tLtll.4zH }'tt + EE"t
zt*telel 1[f c1l,
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uf rf-. ol-, f at-z HfErJoil^J ef ?"J? +t*1 zlrt+H*tz +zz +tt +z "]ft

uf rl-. "j"J, "j +"i, +?"la E+ + il"'f nr

^J4+r^l +E? t* t+'l^
3.fl +ef *F^ll .L.2^tt alaj #+t; of ++ * +eJoll so{ +^t?l upajulrl.
Lt- zf,ot -E "{ zJ fl*l*tfi *l tf,q{.

H-+E+3 98fl g.0l +Ee g8-g +

?t+Lltrf.
@ +E=3 Lf+ol^1 E/.lqol ?lrl. --- ?E=e d^lElol ?]+tl+.
@ d^l
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d^l 61|€3 1= 9-flflql^=oll
EJLlrl.
- =EdE
@ zt lzj aJaJ +oll= 1= gLlJEll^3 *oll EOIE EJtrf. --- u.pl aE.; +0ll= H+=tr s aflql,\1
EoJLltrf.

lil €'J "J 6l|€

 15
'f,*l-, z!+Jz zf t+l ?l+77"J +€of ufla{ ^Fre of o'l7l a "rIt Lf trF. l3"t zz1 z1
+^r4l^1 zllol +L17,l +.ll ++/ zocH "1^18 tte j'HjtrfigJ E"l + a*Fo{ u{
+JsE *rttLf trl-. dl+ et+ +ktz zf {o1 iel +zltE "tztzt \*l{ +Hzl
uJ,ei of
"{aJot "HE1 zt't ^,j'rj.fl! zf 1F"f "o1rFz *JLf trl-. 7l-+ lilrlzzl-
711++H^1 Hj^,j+I..a "JE ,rft41 f,lztt +"J++ tel +4loll lol +L14
g{uf *Fi rfd}nFzt Hlo-f zl-z ",Ii'trF. €+l *+
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i
i,l".t "t"1 EH+J ^J++t zttzt rlCjryLtEF.

5=rlq 7l+^lE3 rl|+E ZEO| raJ^lEgLlrl.

@ E--J qde gBol =E-d
+l=-sr d:EH0ltrf. -_ SBoll= g.+Lltl.
=0ll
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+5:-l+Llrf.
@ 5=^lq +"J=e 6f+ trfEeslaJql^j ^HJrt|fl=o|
?lrl. - "J0ll= ElEeqaJoe qrl-d-Llrf.
=g ^llllr

16
o{71-: "t{"f ^J+z^-t
trt-7t"+ +zJo.l"f il+r1l f a;ol? "tfJ 6zttl "tezel dltl
+ +/t+-41s,.
t-f,zl- : otl'ji *lzt * +[zta! ttzF+flfl-u z)alzE L zt%'J +tJ"]"JulrF. *-J".1 t{
a/qt Hj+ +^!+ cj+l{rt +rt+l 1"}izt ?1r1+ Tf"t *11+c11 rf*l"l*t tr+*tar
+r!+l + "J"l,tuf rl-. +zJ"!+ ^l "rHz't *J*t +^l t +t*; r-!ztolq4.
f.el.!. gzll 4+E-r d+ ^drj? E'|j +4li aflzl- El"l^i +HllEt "j4*F+
E+ ,ta "1"1.+s{l-a. r 7171 gltflr1 cfi*f+loll al*f*j ^,!r!"Ju|rf. cf{*fef 4lrl
"1t-l*t ++E *HAi ot+zt- AJ4& E+ U+ Et zrtTF EIz AJfrLttrl-.
.J^l= Eoll +At= .J6t|,rI + ?l=^l 4€=iI^l"J 6l+6l|,t1 + ?lfi+Lltt.
==J4 trll== ?l= :i{^l"J=d-g
c g=J4oll/\l t =E--J
7lua711 grj-Lfrf.
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TlHH€.LIrf.
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Llrf.

322 Chapter 3 €'J "! 6H€

 EJ=q +,.J
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cJ{*j 5.rjo1 q+ :471*ts.. PJ *HoF *tzt E

'tt+I +"Joj"t s1u/el *t"ltt E

zrllt s-. rlfl 4++tt.l i*f+p-a. q+f "J +Ll Ttnl tHa,
'f,zt-: g? q{++^lo{E+ 4?E"t E + +FLtnl- "l+ftlzf;-, +^taj++Fr,
oJEJ^J

"{l aleJ+l+ 4 tf,"l-,s-. r Z-f EJl of eJfll alz1,.lql *J ? 't Izt 9l+! tt+E+
zlzt *t"J-il + Et"t ElTf ifol-s.7|"J.il^J+ +*1 fl.l 4q]ol tL!+ ^lz!
E+ ^J L*l'zf ifi-f +-s-. rf,tJ"l F"l? *t-a LJ+7t z; t!z!+H E #'ll ' "t
? +r+ c-il41 4+J+ "t+ + "J+ tj+? *t-t' zrt +J"! +e+Hs-.
o.f af :
4+E"l eF *l+ 4arF oJ *fuJ 11+ flH7t+ 7) r!+'tt qqdflt +H3-.
.J^f= g7l $l--J qal =J5= dl= a-Etf €dfl^l ref +zlE e-d= 14f-E + 9t=
^tr1= =E=
=J5= 6f= 'i0l +lgoll rl +alsfrfr 84-sr-Llrf.

18
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"{zt-: *, ol-u4l,r-r +1-r-1- *t-Ll,E tt 4E +J+21 t-+t +l+l +l-7JzH

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4.Llfll- olzll
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z.tl lt-"t o,f"t-. g*tal *J H4l tf+ +4+ L

'Fzf ifi 4+7t EJ] A1 VT
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't"l '
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^N =

19
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zlzz il+ rtlL7l- vllrtsllz?
L1l, ZrJ + E af--!- +Fi ctla. f, 4 zl "1 o1l^1 LEL|+! rH 4 + HIZ afl:-lufolt'1
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tf zl- L'll, +t-!4lzl ?"-tE"-tt-l LEJ.flflE "l"l"lzl-1 +H-s. E Eztqtn HFe
oj" tf nF ElE 4l,<r z-p; 1trLl-
^il^J*t--o,e-.
+ ju-+ "l rN4+ ^l^J l.rl-zf
+ +"Jiol *l-z!"1u1- {zl E E-Ltt+J^J oJ+"l 7l-,4. s+ r-]zHz rtzs o..ft
cr +rrE "F'-f nt +o!t+ cj + N\["t2.

'_Jrt= il^= rltr 5,\f^13 5oJ=ol /.lTlolLl E^lE ELHf^l "J301 zlcfa- -el.oo-+. '^l^l|-E
sl gt^f= 9E Er. q= + ?trf.'= ,l0l .J^f"l g4gLlrf.

1Al €g "!
 II

20
o{zF : if +f ,z rFr-li of-of 7f 4.EFE ++ 4E"t s+ ^F+*H^J
^lllzl--L
*,1-a. fJ
tl-zltrt "t L"! tTtJq{-s. .r "lZ E"'t rl-?J"F +t 4 TtztE +f
^el?t+
.u ...... . uf,ef.uj t "-f € 7il AI!7:+tAlt s?
uf,zl-: L+ L+++^U 60%71 4trfE++ Al+*J'F-a. *l-a. :
"l+ Eeuj ol-of ef z
1tr "lzlzt- ",IrtE +t-7.t't "12! rt4+E1 4.trt-E*? ^l+*1-u/ rtTt- l+-J?7
o z HtLt+Fzf I
if ^F-!.a1"f "1"-1zl I "Ji'tcF. s*j o;-o1 Ei "-t+trEt 7l
dlalot H+*fzt E4+qt A.trtE ++ afl9 4"jzl + "]e_ s
^t-++t-+ ^tzlol
u zFE+J +J 4uFE* ^t+ ^t-r,+ +1+ rtt 1i,t't-.
Hrt= 7f5-.J ,tEf=f; 1[$ /.lTl= =+= zl =rfz -d_e.E_+.
"^El==3
7la4 0pl7f
^FJ
+oil zl 71zt 4tr-ErLltrt.
^f+= =rf.'7t

21-22
".f
Zl- s+ "!+ +4t 7I-++ ++ z'tfl. Ezzafl"l tj tf"Fll"r s-.7t Hj+^l-El-El-
*l-'F4! ").+ ,1 tJ"l-s-.
'f,rF T"l-,9-. zt1+'t ol-Lf al- -s-al^l-, trlzl-olLJ +711E cl-"j+l-at. "1a/ e
Z az["t rt4 E "t E e ul zf -1 z! 7-17ilv .

"{ zF z.f + "J"{t"J"l

"tLJ s + ^tz[Eo1 ,r.pd{djot ++s/*tl.il uf:IJi z1t z]zjE/l
s,. ^JzllE oJett-1)"ttr,t -r r.tzfisl 4tr71 +zHeHAl tfzt.
't*ttl E-7t E
tf tl- azHL azt t-Hqtrl + + ",I+ q{+J atafiof ElzllHlzl.fl uf-el-d ?H++
E-"-l?a B? "tiE ,) y"J 7117t- ^-t++! 4712t zt$f ,e_. .r.z! zl ntt+.il ",f
+ ^rz[E "t .g trt tL z z zr1t + "l-+t-+ 4 Ttots.

21 .Jrf= EH-d ,\l-J=01 'JellHlloll Llef,\l lll59 Eq+r E= 0l+= -E-E €=-d ,i
xlfl z;uua;-7 -:loo-e. gqd =_+t=J Hq =
E|]alu+= L-zflLlrf. ^l7l7l
=EIl-=

22 7f+E"J 0lLlal e.al^f, rl^folLl 5= E= trtg-d gqc EE_LaJ0l oJ*qa 9laLl+.

e 7f+= Ets geraJ3 dfLlH+oll flrf. - 4 HJA^ltrfrf 6f|_l-,!^1 ?l+Lltrf.
@ grld u+raJe ,\18=01 E^l grrl. - ,\l€=01 E0f4 +g-d -g.rld =+raJol "J=qdLlrf.
@ se=al trr7l^l=e.l 7|l?l€E= ?j=trl. -_ arzlxf=ol +EE6fzl t=EJLlrl.
=7HEl^l ^tg=Jol

l^aoter 3 3'J "l 6HA

 6JEq 5+ ^E

23-24
'J*l- *lL+t"la? zlltl zlL!141 "lAl+ elt-l z1"J^J! E +rar. *F+cJll. oJEE

z{l *l-trJ ElLl--e ?

"771 4"J^J r+ 4+ oJeJ *ott"t7t4tA-t-E 7l-+*l-iL 7tr! tle-t+ ,!++ps +l +

",I+'trl-. "F, "lrF*j zl 21 "jqt *l*toF *JLlEF.
!f*F "Jrr'1! " v ttl"FllLJlt_. +J zl-
'[lz+lv? "JeJ
t1! z z ^!-?.
+l-z{ B + "J "J+ ^171
uj e *JzFa ? 7l + i1+ qt "-r 4 z{l *J{ ol *f uf s I
oJ zl- "J+A17F i1 ",.to/ "JeruJ! " z ^!t+l+ ?i+ +?l++tLtnl olrf*j +el +tr!
^tJ"tE
t{til oj+*Fpt"F *juf rf-. u1g+rrj rct{qli. +"!++++ + 7l7t t- 7l
3- .
^{l

23.J^f7f d"Jt!r= cl:szl 6fE EILFI EfloE_=. 'd"Jt!_z tr^l-Oll El|6t|^I Solof_r. ?trf.'71-€
trtott
HH-t lr-L .
"t

24 FJ{j:E E?.!E=^17f g.o.E oJElfloE U80l 'J^l-= rltr +'JUEloll 7f^l t

g+lr= 611oF -BtLltl. =7|-=6fE-+

25-26
o{zf : "f rFu{ldlrJ? r"J E? ,1rl ul-zl 4ElE- -a.$*jcpa E"l+c{l "-|€zll L"!E
4lzll "lz't olTl-zl7 ,l++l^1711 EIJ[u1-3-r
ujzF:68^{loJ *jr+f Lt'}il^J r"/ "jzl-at .,2+? r++ lqt il"J? E^ +fa ")-+ ?)+
s.E- tEFnI-+J^1 ulrf. */zH +zf ?l-Ellollr-t "l*F.L dl^J EE"l ztgl
^t^++lt+
zor/{"JElt +st*tt zotl t"{l "l? +frl El{rf a zlwttl^JLlLl. 7t^Jtil 7!
zli rlrl+ ,l rJ'l-a ul$*I-t-t-a.,g. sFtrj .r ']Lf? +++ r*+Fzl ++t-+
77+ ol+JiLlLt-. +zl ?FrilTl- Hj+o-ll^-f \ of tzHzl Ell*-t "j*l'z
^JE"tLF
^J".f
+t-i EE"t ++ "!a+? +l-^tE'Jt ' EEqtat l.+ "jzfztl zll**Fzl
"-f z{9J^-l
Hl-zltEl'd-to} +t-z "JittrF. :zllL'l 711 +Ei fil"JzJ? "J"l^t
,,f+ r"JEqtrtt "lzfztT tll*+l+ 4t'l'l-. b-"JEel "t7lztEa "!Eo-f uJ'lf
4? ,til "J+ "J"J't.l-.

25 .Jrf= -toJ=el g^fal= U=GILH= ztr! zlTl ?l= "Jolafz -rtg=-+ '-toJ=el g^fal=
=al
oF -dtf.'71 7t.5t 4tr-cr-Lltrl.
26 zlrrll= U=olr_l- 'J+"1-ee qar|Jxtloil^l H #
Lzlty ElflALt+.
@ zlqle E+6lE grEl= rll=d]| "J6l-r. dGl 6l= E=01 E+= 6l^l"J EF g^lal
-
qaJ#q+. =tr|-.
= ^1186f71
@ 7ltriloll^l= u[al/-91 rqe
6l^l PJ=tf. --' oJ6l-r. dol E+6t= E=ollZl ufal/-e1 -LEE
6l-r. ?l+Lltl.
@ 7lil1loll^l= 2or|1el 7otrH7l -Ef4l 96l-r. ?ltrl. oJ6l1 4ld E=e zol ToEHgLlrl.
-

27-28
rf,zt_ ul-"f {uJ*foll $atsJ+ +fz{l r}o'1. ztz)zl Lzt-tu"Jrtt Lfl aJ+ol
^Fejg
4+++ot1f op. *f n "{t^J + "f E ol Ht{ + + tr1t * rrt;+i
*Ftri^J 7J+ +J^! +
zJ*j*FS Tf"f uH+ + "}+ 4tat. r.af *+zJE r
"l + ",1'u.
"{ zF :aJ?ul-. :aJE{l + *t ?J1*+!F7p ofuf o-ls. zteJ+t + ta? LFE *lzltt fl
z)zl4l +^J ol ",I',t i *Jrtt .......
'f,zF EE"t?f . 4z)ztfluJ of-utaf- zJ -a.ttzt, tJ4+17t, qiF rztTt ?j+ EFoJ*J
tl++ *HL1 4+Zl.oj rjr*J z{l ofulof.
"{ zF : zJ "-t€ r-tt *r 9J *f-trl EH?
'JzF "JerYf *o{l"tzl.tl $et "jaj*.zF "r["1 . z]zt4l,<r {"1 ?F+*J *ltE s-z ^J
4*FH 5Jr.

27 qrl= ztrfi-ll}zlofLlolE + 9lLFr -:.[oo-=. A+ HlEErls El.r.l-* + ?l=^l gr #

ri"JLltrl. ^|fl-Ef
cl,\l EqE

:+-Eoll^l= olE"J HH?=tll

28 'J^l= E^IEE= 6lE^l Z+ flet= 3-d6l-E -pJol Hl|E + ?l= a
,JLla il+Lltrl.
o 'Jrf= -+71 E^I=JE= --J aol+. --- 'J+ E^fg5= -g ,lgLltrl.
@ ,J=-+ =oil =Oil
d=^f'J d]]7loll EFq-g + ?ltrf. - Z+-+= d86frl grofE 7l5-EtLltrt.
@ 5{= 611 4eE -+zf 41!alE EJtl. --' ?lEl'1!oE EJLltf.
^l+d011 ^lE6l.E

Chapter3€'Jg6ll€
 EJE+Ibq
^E

29-30
o{zF: s+1rF ^J"J40j rlldl4 ez + "!71+ "Ja ?lEs{l "Jzlel atzl
"r.Faj'"f
" I F ll "J
tt rrl-Z

',f*F, "Jtf r;1++ +"++ +ffl of opzl + ^l ,J'l+l + ",Ii^t7l 717! f s.*ju|rp.
** "r+"{t "Jdl-ef t+"t Bl.FoJ ol-.+at 1++t +TrJ i ztzl LzHzrE
++ "|tF ^f"J+"tat-z + +l + ila. :zuq 7t)uj4 "JiF"{l tr,{*J oJt "t
"tzlE *F7lE *Fr-, elufaf es. HlT4gz t:-uJ,rl ltl-ef +"J+"1 tJ zl
Ezz "JtF + +"J+ el 7t4? ?1"'lul{e1u vzf*[o1-&. .azlztl trJE ,zHE
7l+71 zj E *Jd{ +"J^z s. ....' '. zF1?l- + + +l-7t 4ql *Jzllz "lH
^F^l+
*11'l--0. *FrJaFa-a. -aztl^-t L1 7t4ot z! t+!fl z) ztoys.

29 "JE ra15 7l+71E|. Efl4 +fltrlr -?loo_tr 4F=7fg= g+ ?i+Lltrt.

30 gqt qEoil g6fsl 5=ol i+ZrfE of+al TlTl !tra|lalE gat aFg+olat
r.= + g.+Llrl.
_=F =E-d =qFd= =e
o glolExl * -d afEfle 4re= :ilrf. -_ HJ+4ee glgaLl+.
^lLlaleE
@ 7l+el 7HE4"J tttl=oll +=oll ^lLtale=
?tfltrf. - 7t+71 doll d^llE olEdH^l
^l€
rl a€ol Eh EEEJ 4 aLla_:il+Llrl. ^1801 =36|-71
@ gEfel €=9?le zJr-4oll4l 0l0F7l= E' d=df= rloltf. -_ g6l A'"J+e Bqt= 5d1| 0l0t
7l7l E d==J + ?tqot Er-Lltrf.

31-32
*+f,'trFE"l tf *sllg.
s-f; ^!^l +E "Ut + "J+
+jzFuF !F++
"{ zF
r-juJ rHs *f f tfFE ,rf-cjaFr- *julrf.
r-f zF izttE 6tz! +Itoltl-E"t Hi ]z +$i ufefuf{rl-ELl *.-d.+"1 aj"rzJ
'FE 4"J't'l-. rzlz- :aJe z rllr1 N"tt-'1
*!t-!z!z tl4+tll -r.t"l El
zl if-a--e. E, "F"lE"l "leJ 'ttl-o{l't olft+Hri^1 +z { r,.r4 z1*+tzt
E +fzt5 +fuf rf.
ult,
"Ltuf rf.
ujf;*trJ + +ltt$l-ef 'J7d"lztt- | + ",!.+Lltrl-. *l-zlEJ
U{g
*JzFuF +*+ tf? E"Fqt +lz1t rpzyzt + ",J.'f+ 4ol +!+
"l-of E"f "Ja.|gj*f+
uJlFel + t^J"!47t+Lf Lt-.7f4*r^J
'!4+ -Et+Fzr e.1*! uJdF ilzl H ul{
++ +z tttE-ztttti E*Jal i +!r!H?l+ +++ +t+ rlZ "tnlrtsz
rjzl- +*tts,. 71+ uJdl-al-? z) 7l-r1t7l *+f rF+ 4+zt7t ?f+ 7i 7ttL,Lltrt.

1il dtrJ "! 6|]€

 31 q^f= 0fol=01 clal?1.-f= -d^lLl 4+ eg EoFoil aA LlTl! + ?trf= aol ++"Jafel
8tr?.1 4 ?JLla_ -alo=_+ '++"Jal= olz13 EoFoll rt|-ar =
+"J-=F + ?lrl.,71 7lzt 4tr
-EFLltf. =tr|=

32'Jrf7f ++UEtel .Jtroll $el-sf +oll 6ttr= EJ6l-r. ?looE {C{aJZl $z=
^14-d ^f^lel
E+61r. ?l+Lltf.

33-34
"'l zF
+f+E. "{aJE, +12t"! zpul!+ ulrl-E t
^f+ *Fz.fl Elzf if e^JLtrrl-? Al-
:

frzlal+ {HleF H"il + u/iFzl-"jo-r'Julcf-. of z! zt-t-!g u/St-+Fi Et4t 17

++F+ ^lzlolzf r4t4l B++"1 trf"t-zt.E- 4+J HJ+}^Jo1 t-ljz) +L "Jf,'l'F.
rfaf.Al zl-uJE"t rl.t7t+ ?t'J-,1 + 1e+ t.+zt ez LeF++ Tiot pe.
I
el "1+t ? *FLF"JLI4-. EfrE ? + ",lE *! zFzr H!H+ TFLIEaF olofzt*f
E t-tz1i "i", ti ,l"J't trt-. 7FL1 | Atzt -a. z.ru] AlAl+ *t-a-l uFzFrr *f,z
up{+ sJdl.fl c.!t+! tttig;lfi +H E-AIt-e-. .filF*j r/{f ujol +a "!+
^l"{tj"f ^7
zll *l{"F *juf rf. zlLlEof o{Zl.?!F +jrr{t*t+ 4? {"J*lril y-nt?t+ Bl-ztLl
ul zFulTl Ezl zJ.lli "1z1Eel el4? T*F+ zli zlzil*Fz "t "tztE tr"t"|

E "t + E 7i"t utaf al *f, r-l rf .

33 q^f= ^lL1=01 ,tl=71= E'-'Je + ?lE= Ea14os Eef+= HJEoil EHo-H,tl €Edfr ?t+Ll
+. qaf,\j '/.f+71 uJzl 7lld HJH'oil rH-sf LHEgLlrl.
^lLlelol

i 34 ,if=zlotl= Ufllef lloll Eal-21 gGlLfr olrioll 436|.= ttflEoll $ltrJot|dt_|rl.

C II|='J ttfl= =
gdfzl -sftrf. --t ^l7lol7l
flafo|l LfEfLf ?l^l gr+Lltf.
^fl17f =LHot
@ xfLlel EHaf-Er-ttll= _PJol dl| += aol --- 4al-=r-rrfl= Hol 4Zl oloFTl6f=
znl-t +4t
6E-t-t lr-l- .
^fl= =rl. =r
@ ttH77l^l= Frzy al'toll^l +loF -Lftf. -_ Et|a|o|l LlEfLf ?l^l gr+Lltf.
^l=7171^l'J ^1

328 Chapter 3 d'J "f 6H€

 EJEoI H ^lE

35-36
ujzF : i+ +cfl z/dF Al++zlzffi"fzlBAt 4t #4t *Jt+e HF+-E "{14 +trH ttf-
+ rJ"r "F+ E{loflut ujtt*F+ 4 +7t "t+uf r.F. *F*tot *zt if+ #cfl zJtF
.il+ +, +, +at zt+ Tri"rtl il+ ++"t "l.t rl++"f zFb*juf of. olo{l
ErFaf- +ai *f aotl^J+ |rt *+ ilcX z!*l ssE zflrtl"Jt *r-a. "ltq'f .

o{ r,Jqlti 7.lt-J}f{o{1, olo-f zf;ln+t alLJ*,{"{l+ 4l #'f tdf

trt+ 4gz
sooEltE +zt+l-"{ "1.+ +"1++,4HH ta1.1el ,tEEtz 7tH-t[.tuf cF. zf
'J*Hgl rflottl9e +tH ql aFeJel Tlrl.fl EH*H rFa +J ry rgz{*HE + ",1"1.t,
b-f a{t E+ + N,t*t +fl ztflf ,-tcF. olo|| g*tf"{l s 7ti zgo{l"J?
"ti^ga
"1dl .Ef l^t"ttrl-. +*Hel +"1?+ +7-f t"!EE Ets 'lq rF**Frzf *ju|
E.f. a3*J zF+l+ rtt$;l+*t + ",It +EJ oFLf zl Efr"| {s-*J
"liulTt E
Z + "].+ o1 z[r1tt't +1^6 "{a-tEEet tf + +t"iz +E{EaJLtEt-.

35 .J^l= trll +rll dal EoTl -+g qalE=el "|.+g Er-q= +qEElqr -doEe
atr1|oJoll '.ql +
t|J d+ EoTl AqloJ= Eealr il+.'71 7|.8 4tr-ErLltrt.

:E'Lltrt.
36 +q=g E= tlloll
@ l LJ=
=d]|oll= daF= E+-.J 0l?0ll1l ^lt6E^l
+tt| =Zl?.!=g 7l+dl= ,JtrlloJoltl. - FEt| d6l-= r]|=ttalQ #4
^l oliE E+Lltrl.
=ed
@ 01fl aqloJe.l +q=3 EEE qeJol ilEHlE 7l+# aoltrl. - +e]+= qEB ol
^lLJo|]
I F 7 l+:d+!
aJo lel trl-.
^lEH
@ +Et| daF= Hl+E^l qld +El| dEl= "JoHal= ,\l=Jol ",itrl. - qld +r{ dE+= tlglol
HJ^ 6l= ,\FJO
| | "'-J+ Ll trl.

1El 5'J "J 6||€ 1329

 PIKII

37-38
o{zl-: zfrzt"JE"t *rztEg "Je g+H t-|i+ "tz,+ "J^E ,tttttJ? "Jet/"tl
of +F+ trJl-e. -l- "l 'F zF F "l "J'l"l-"
^J Tf ^l-+
',frl-' "JetuJ!'tt,r't + z zcl- sNS 7 ^r+*F+ ^FefE"l ?f"FAE'tts- . zt"lE + "tE
"{lz1t 7td4"J
rls rF$ -+ztE +zt71l +l-"{ o'f+ 4tEi'll 'H+t 4?
^Fef,.{lfll
"tatzt7 +zja *f,ulrf. +Fzt1l zlut-*il "JL+ ot-zilEJ? "]t.zft fizt"lz
,t + ",I+LlLl-. .4.Hlzl-E; ztlf;.{l E,{+j +Bl+ 4tr+ "Jz 4"1^i "JEJL1!-ll
t--t 4A4+ +l+trJl "/7il EJ 4tr-r, apz!Et71uf *J +t EIE{ Tttel
^t^l"JE "trtt
zltF 4rttzp,rJel 71lrt qEtulcp. rlzt^J.t E+ 4tr7 til*+t+ 7c6t 7-)
? tt"J el + + oluf al E EJE Ll El-.

37 'J^l= +leldol +g €e.= rll=.l= l;-ol ,J= Tlgel olnl^l= "J=rfr -?.[oo-=. zfaF g,
0l €+--J EH= += ,i0l Tlgoilzl= 0l=gLlrf. =g
I
F
I 38 ,rf-J=3 Ee:.q-sNS= E-d atE ,rfE +71= rrr +Et| el,tlE --Jt_lrf.
=E6|E

39-40
o{71- : "faj*j zjHzl zlt\ alt4l etl*H toj +ajol a 7-t+r,1l-s. "f zlr4oll 412-1*Fi
rfzlE? ^J"F *JeJ "Jt ?*t zjt4{ot aFatE ?"tE'ttqt Lrl-71.",1+ r|e
E- E-j- "Jtttc-1. zlzl-ll rl{+J il+tJel el4+ o-,ErJ ^lzlsz
'J*F,++eJet ^J"F "J"J+ ;-7f *f-EJ e+f a{ Et +l"tetzt iolLl 4e-z a_z o}ftu1
Ll.
^J4le -e-rl
*et)aF
"l+ "lzlAt7.l 7t+ 1f.i.ell^1 uf.tl Ezll +"J+!r.l+ 77
+ ++ E+ + "Jt,tr-l-. "lzl7lt +.p z!+[rt+ +"J? "-l,Eztt't++l + "J
,lli't7tl? e+l21 trJ+ + +"J+ *l-EF soJ ^F,zfrulu1 5ol-21^t *f P
'l+HA1
s.Eel +'joJ "t a4 + ",ItLttrl-. t Ezrtgt eJ.J+ +^J+J +r.+rl- rl-
^l--E
"1EJ "J r-t 4THof zFz E't't-. EFel-^J "t ?**l"J eJ"J+er *t|1*Hot *ju|rf.

39 q^l= olal-d €+el tr^4 gEoll r|16|l TIHJ tsaJol cczjrf-tr "J6fr doF gg €+0ll r|.|st|
0l0t7l6f-r. ?ioo-= tH'J gql= +fl doF gg €{4 gEql =^l
tHEf 0l0F7l7f Ll-sJ= aoJ=
++-'J + ?l+Lltl. =^l

330 Chapter 3 3g "t 6l|€

 rJ+l +q
^H

40 -+flel CoF gg €rl .J+= trlot|,\l +g= 6ftl _Ets /.t.r.qHloJ tol^l^l :qfgs-o; uc+
=^l
u trJ 7ltr + ?l+Lltrf.
@,r|1e gE-d €+ €r40il t€61.= g.rl. --* €440il rld6l= +
?l= ,ioE -Hr. ?l+Lltrf.
^FJ3 ^|He ^lr8Hl= =g
@ E4sl fl?]3 Brqal= aJE^l= + g.trt. - E^llE fl?le +€-d Er.qaf
^frq
atgsJ oJ/.l ,JEoJLlrl-. ^lEe
@ tr+= +flsl afl= z;z Etll'J+E aol+. - 0l EH-JOil= LfElLl 9l^l Lr+Ll+.
=E

41-42
3-E tel.ll^J+ +4?1 cu{4 +477 s| cu{41 cl.l*l{ "j"l-g4ltrtet. ?
o1
7o.r4 rf -g"l{i
t+t 4? 4rJ*r"{ $zt + ++"t- ?? 7i"tt- +44 rlEu4
+ +++t 4+ 7,4*t"q t}.tzlt +l+ {of uf el-. -r aj "!71t +rjz! rf er4E
*l.foF *Fz {zll Itd"l +jnfs? l-z!z"t +ItrlE+ EH^!e?
"l LB4i- *fiof
*J rlFEEJ L] +!6zl-+ +41 Ef tru{i dl tr zlt-tft
^j*d "J+qt ^13i*Fl.
ai +ltzti H471 il.=14? +tt ? t^t+ ^Jr+ll.Fo *jr-lrf. A+4* "t
*J E"Fgl zf r_l"f *t"l++ 7t^t^7"J z"J+ EZ + "l+ +4?1 o; =u{4 !l
t-Ji ztzll etTt ntt+ofl EtEr4 HJ+ +z|Eel +i-o{ rEl-aF E'll AoF
'leaHl
*j.Fo ulelLit LtEl.. *Fzf "j *?zFClz{l +24 '!++ 1z zAaf.fldl +
rHp]Z ++ zi"t &t ,l"lurt2 tJlf*p"{ ErtE +E"F I -+At ^;7
^4
EJ rl+ 7t4+HA1
'j+rl- rHA+ +tnlt +E ,1."t u zfzt*j rf rH,{ H}Hol oF
LJDI-
^lo{4*JLtEF.

41 nE ++rl= 3€4 trlEH-4= dt| e^|E dE:x{+Lltl.

o r= =
-++^f= €-Lr a= eft6lE eEE Ll|Eoll LtEfLl ?lrl ?J+Lltl.
fltrl.
golE
-7ltrl-dtrl.
LIEH6ll^|7l
clE EoFel g"J+=
@ ol'E EoFoll tl|-sf A= -
z€4?.! ^l^l0l =r= ==
+ 9l= +€4 trlEEoil trC= '+41 ELlrf. ^l^l0l
^E=
@ aA ++^f=
== +€4 4EE= -Etzll E= 'zt= CE-dtr|. -_ rE -++rf= Ftr4 4g
EE d]| =€4.
e^f= dE:il+Lltrl.
=

42 'J^f= Stafq E7l= +oll E|.=E ae 'J=af xt|El= -Ef7Il += aol tl 4

tr-d trlEE HJHolafr =Eof =
g4-Er-Lltrl. ^1461|^1

lEl 8'J "! 6l|€

43-44
uf,zF: fflt*1 'lE"t of "-tzf -a. "/+.qt_e. l++fz ill+1-z1zt n)z44rl-:. E *tErlt
,a. "f #f ula uf r{luJzf "lrE"JLtEl-. Ef rilu/zf E +zl t4t tl"f zt if? rJ
E e 4fr- zll alzt "J*Fe, .Jt{t"{t fl++U 214 3 fizt
^Jf!+
oJgrf a uJ
"1 7l+? "J"-tnzll *Hz+ +^l"Juf rf. zl-*ll HI17\7I-4., Llitt "/zl, '1u3
"JEel- *1F ot"J +et "!a al$=f + EJT| "J*trF 71!Jzt4t^1
4z.l
',+21114
zf Tf if.a- t+ Eolufrj ufl utl 4 zJl"t tJ++t-7t rEH+.il 9.1*j+fulcl-. uf,<{l

\zlzHzt z1tli zt?laj'1 "1r5lz{l */{ol *jafs? +AJ trtt"l 7tA!44t^1 +71
+Ff uf + E+ tf"J+to uf ,r{lu/zf 4ezl"t ul.tz{z! t-latb "Fctfj++
*lzfi ^{l'rJaf
4l ++utrl-. Ezl-rt*Fz-lt "Fgf djE E *H"t +F+ ,l+-il+ u|,<Jlujzf tl-
,! otzs+ rt+*/{o! *f,r-|trF. E*! ztzJ4t^1E "J^tE "lzttE }dazt ctlAJ
4t iztzlla "Jz,E !f"t'HE z{"t Et'tEF. ^,o{EJ? +t*g+Fi ut 4talztE-H

^lslu{E7!H+! raj"l
EJ +al ++ rje+ju|r1-.

43 El^llE^l= oJilloil EFalzl fifl3oil ?l-d-ElLlrf.

44 -J^l= 8E= gEal= Dl^llErlE+Ei +al EE 4E-sf -t+ol i'Jeoltlr qloE-=

'ollllExloll r|l-sf r|1Hle 12J= rlzoF -sfrl.'7f 7161^IZLI|=
4tr-Er-Lltrf.

Chapter 3 d'J "f 6l]€

 EJ-Eoj E ^|ts

45-46
'f,*t-, "J+ +"t +.tl ^J4+ 6rf if+
ctl*H*-t ezlt ,l ,t+ut:-t. 1H.? el+J ruJ
r. *Fzf ?frs..f+ *,{oF *j "J"t E"J{l ileEJ 4.1 ++g *tzlt +^!^!?
?"t2. *Fzt"J ++ '-l +"1 rjHj*J tl++ +f-reF rt+*l et?a +At +1?1t +t
eztJ,t ,lt"l+ +Ht+1711 +F+ ?3.*J "1*ji *JLlrl-. ufaf^J +el+ +n+ +f
zr ef*J yzlE *f{ot *ju| 't. luJf el*llri + ,|o+t,tE"t f a*ju|4. Lf.fl
*IHl of-aHoil^J +++ *1.'{ +EJe +E*l-! Egal-ruJ S.E E"t 7t +Hf FJEF
I *JuttrF. E, z-f "lefl+ tr4lrF 7j"f zFu{t t-.l"Jt *F+ z{"t 4t't'r. +l
rJ d"{t ?lzt+t rl++ +t+ 4+ .c*t z1 ?t+ uj4r+fLf Lt. Enil+ ga?"J'il
t.+"t 4EJofl L++ t'F-a- *F+ ^Faf,Eol ll+'Jt, +s- trF^toJ "Jelzle
z z["t + ++ ilrloj 4+ ++ ^l + 17-a. "F4{l "j-t'j.Hqt E 7{t+r7l
**J'trl-. ufzf a!zz+ rJH dJtJ? zltt-!*Hop *$u1trF. il Ezz el+el +Hl
+ zj ttrJ*p"4 tJ^Js- nrnl*F4t "tEo-loF *Fzs.. *j'tf t. zFi *"tzfi 4t
+.il "J^l^t77"p *f,u; E't. ztz! ++ ,*H + +^1uf Hjzltulzl *t\* auf-4t,.-l
*fr tJc[4l^'t+ +11 7l+ 7)"J"1'F. :eJ {c,{.ll hel! "lt alz +ot E +
"li't.F. 7j :r1-+ ^l-z[+ ; ez]t4+ r7z{l uj"l-$9 irl ?zt"t $ltl I *J't
'F. lnJ+
?Jz!
i +1+t r|?t€- "J ^il oJ "f 'F.

45 trFe u* EgJ gE= 6lL_al q=-d q= AFII flzll --J-o_euj lfl$= 6t= A9-d
oc6fo Elt
H-t-t.lr[
="J-d =Hl6lzl
-==
@ dql aEHoil^l ^4= 9.1= aP +Eoil _Etol EJtrf. - a4ql^j= trf"J aol
O ^l7l d 8E= 6fE +E= ?=a15 E=Eol EHIE!trl. - H E$ EEE ^f=
6lE =6Lltrf.
+E= +E
^f7l
6f= EaEol EH|ELltl.
@ A#3 L1+ clFE ,lptl "Jol qtz ,iol
- "J= ^l$6|-q lAalll "JE=
,l0l =q9= =tf.
=+Llrl.

46 .J^l= +Eel HJE= 7l^lE ++q +ill4eE €E6lr 9!+Lltrl.

^ll

1El 8trJ "f 6|1€

47-48
o{z|: E*fz e t.f? EeoJ o-lz,lolef zf f of 4"14'F+ "J+zt oJf;ftu1tp. "J
+zF+ Ettz E fi"f"f i+*f t Lf f *l-o{ rl"it tFvzftt TJaJEJ ++t+ 7F

?+J't:. +d+Eils. H+^f.LJniltAl+ ".|Udt yflulnlt

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48 'J^f= 8Z +el ts+e Exf== gqE"J ofLlaf -E= €4 ^Eoll "ldH SZtl=
q E+^fel elzoil HJrH6lr. ?l#Lltrl. =71= ^l1,t.16l

334 Chapter 3 €'J H 6l|€

 nJEoi # ^lE

49-50
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53 teH-JE qt^tl
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54 tEH g$ qt^tl
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3J5 chapter 3 8'J "l 6|l€

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03 get LH€oll Hl+-d +EFolLl-€Eg= LIEILH= "J= '=^l ol "J= Tl +Eal Hl+:ctLltrL
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^lgE

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09 O 86HTl ol$ zlzS EoJ'J ol$g + li+Lltrl.

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21 .J^f= ol|gJEiE= 7l+71 doll= 0f= rr|l EflHl= Ll]= + ?l=^1, Zl+ eol € + ?t=^1, "Jp
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25-26
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27-28
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27 q^f= 58ol E1etoll "J+-d+r €E6fq EH-+ UggE +lB-Er + ?tLFr EfloE_+ U"JS"J
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28 'Jxf= g LJotl
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+ -+717t
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352 Chapter 3 €g "J 6||€

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29-30
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zl E^l*,r ELlrp. *frz
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29 q^l= -+r E^l ^l.J= tltrfr -?Io =-= ggF^lgg g + ?l+Ll+.

30 +g=9 gall=7|= ^l'J= E q raidf^ltrJ trfgFoftrl ELl77f qE + g.ol r E-EI=J ttt|

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31-32
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32 q^[= Gl= rrt| !i3 lll8= 3c6l] _H= ,t3 '_J^fel elz= oJ8--J +0ll xf+]"| ola
LH^ll?_r. ?l+Lltrf. =e6ltrfr.
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33-34
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34 Elloluo; l14z=J= EeJ-g + ?l= ral=al= "JZ=r{l 0lrl= ,8:=eE 7Hg:d+Lltrf.

e ofLH= €4ge E'Jq^1Il tldtl. - -JaJ4= d49 ofLH= gal= 6ftl
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354 | Chapter 3 3'J "f a|1€

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35-36
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35 '_J^1=
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37-38
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37 '-J^l-= E=J Lt| el^t+Eoil B0H7t ?teE Ltaoil EEhr -:Ioo_=. 'ollt*Eol
E Elolot HJ^I--J = =^ll7l-Hol^t4l
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39 -\Ea1l4= "J= rrll"l EEf= olalEoll rt|8df= al€olalr 3d4s_+ g4dlE-^=ell^ HJ

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^J?+Fzl tzlt ^tAl

43 LJI|= 3E^f 7llLJo| Ifal trtgE -Lf rH.J =JE=21 EofTl+r -?,tooe 4.E--l -d 4=
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=
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45 -JHH -d Aql=
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=E -
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^lEdlHtrl. =E= =681
=E =4e
@ =E='J+-crLltf.
€+= -E= rlqql^l zJzltl
=E€
.J+6lr ?l+.
- €+= "J+ rlqql^l ,Jl/ =E= =J
+df-r. ?l+Lltf.

i 46 'J^|ts ,J71tl Sqel Aat|all dl= +8zl- ,J71zl =J+01 flfl= E6fl-sfrl
=Eol
2 zlzfel +g= ,_484s_+ €8"-lr ?laLl+. =E =Erlel
;
I
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Chapter 3 €'J "l 6[|€

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47-48
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zt sl\E"l il+cJls. "j+.ll^JE "f z{l e+ Lt*u*rt zjt-/elzlztzf t^tHA1

+ fl{+ Ll-i "l + + + o1 u}rf{*jul rF. "l'fl trH+H d € Al 4t+lAJLlnl?
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a4711
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47 oJ=tr1=.41= Tlge 7l=9 +EEJ ?.!+== Zl+6H^l + ?lol 0l=gLltf.

o raJ^1."1 oJ=ol ^l:d6fE
ArrJElE E+ g=Jol c= + ?trf. nal lEi^l TllTHoJollzl= l+
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@ €Llqrl^l zJ+ef ELI= U+ ^|{Erl= zJaJol g.tl. --' €Llqr]^f7f 'zJ4dlfl +l+^HEol ol
aJ+Llrf.
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6l= Tlgol el+= trldf= agq+.
^ldl4

48 '_J^l= ol ,l.lg6l$ €Lltrl^l^f7f zJ+aH^ +l+xH8ol q=J+= 0l+= HJtH-Lftl=

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49-50
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49 g+"J01 450U flo1 EJ ttHTll^l= :d+Aol Hlall6G

e +grl "J=3 €Hlalle] zJ4loll ?lrl. - +g0l 450trJ flo1 LJolTfEll+El= +90il Hlalldfq
=7f-EtLltf.
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@ =7f6f^lolE +oll :"J=#= rLL| - Etr4?l +7|-
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E ="JEafZl 2l= =s= =€-d ^f=J=P
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:.J+el
50 q^f= -Lr rl+ElElaloll^lsl g+= "JE6fq E4 AF+zJZl= €8"=lr ?l+Llrl.

360 Chapter 3 €'J g 6l|€

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52
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53 tEE -JgI qt^tl

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54 [_EE=J$ qt^tl
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31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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=ai,(1 =rl =eJ

02 alzlotl ,J^lzl rf^1^1 q:d= rllLlxl +:-^l+Lltrh. r qB= olHoll ulLtTle -?.H.o=-=. alTlol g=
LIEILH= a= *0f0h ErLlrl.

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04 '-Et + ?ltl'af= LIEILH= ,l= *0|.0t -cr-Lltf.

==

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q al4l?l= ag +0f0F -cr-Llrf.

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08 .JHH= i3= ,tal rJ4l?t= ,i= +0f0F --JLltrl

09 e qlqF + oJEaHoF dE= 'J= + ?l+Llrf.

@ oFZ olEe "=gotlil 7f=-dLlrf.
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=dH^l

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zl L|E-=F + ?l+Lltrf.

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== =dtl^l

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rJ="J E= gzlot
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@ -.J+ =al0|-E +g-d ^l4tElfl+Lltrl.
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==
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@
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Llol7f rifl =JE6l^lU 0l 84= olt-JLltl.
=E ^l+01 ^l6lEl= =el =C

23 0l+ ga,luoll Tl+= "J'J= tt|l E= 7lE= +0|.0F

:ctLltrl.

24 o E7 l=al-= q^l q :d+Ll rf.

€) -sl'r 7t= ,J?
^l ElBol
EEz €.ljl+Llrl.
@ fl a+= trJU ,j7ltrltrJ ^ q ?l+Lltrl.

25 'd='3 clE [tl|7f )lDlgJflz= LIEILH= "Jolo+ Eol ag= gal= L|lt= 4oloF --JLltrf.
= "J

26 '+l+l'= EaILt|^l gjr.3"J6l-Zl "J--J= LIEILH= "JolE_=. gr.E E= 4-drl= LHE= *oloF
-crLltrl.

27 '^101tr[= olE rioll ++= EZL| HJ6H= -J:dtrl= +g 7l^l? ?loo-= olq ee Lt|8E *ot
0F -drLlrf.

28 dule,tl Et|6f= .J7l ?l6H clE "J== -g^l +oloF:ElLltrf.

29 'ralE^1aJ'olal= "Jol 91o og E+71ralErg LtEfLH= a= *oloF EfLltrf.

30 trf=oil E7l= Eq--re ol+ rflE aoloF

:crLltrl.
=d4
31 '"^tol fl4= EZ4 '=+7f r11+ rlgoltrl.'al= +Ea1 rJ4l?l= ,l= Aopt -clLlrl.
=al',

32 e a€q:de g€+qoil^j +at]Elfl#Lttrt.

@ rf=4 sJzJ 7lg= 0l$6f^l ?J+Lltrf.
=€q:dp
@ rJ=J+tgol €86t|E g+ 7lg0l olq= Ze] trf 'JALI+.

33 0 ?l^l ^nf=E3qal THHJ

€) =4 ?l^l ^l^EJ=
/.l^=Je ^t8-d
.^EfE= eloll= =gLltrl. qltrgLlrl.
EoFoil
=i|]
@ €i|l oJ^l /.l^=J3 /.I.^EJEEI E7[=^fE=J
Er ?l+Llrl-.
^l=oJ^l =e

Chapter 3 dg "J 6l|€

 6J=ol E"q
^E

34 e Z^l ol=HfolE= E7l etrld=

:ctLlrl.
EALltrl.
€) tlnt z^lrjal fl71= g 6|10F =6H^l
@ ?lE1't! zJal o1=s1e1=5 ulE4 -d= g"JLlrl.
=tr1101^l =

35 eE 7l#el "J=Je q:gol a= 4€6f=

^laJel =qE= =gLltrl.

36 E€al^l ?JE= rft!= E .gtrlHlot -dtrt=

==ealql =gLltrl.

37 -d+gg €=J +oil^l eJETl cl._E1l ^ q eJ=^l0ll EH-d

=oJLltrl.

38 olol=ol Lle= 'J*sl oJTl e?loil EH-d

=gLlrl.

39 'oloil rt|6l] -g Eolaf-r. -d+ al= +Eql +=6H^1 gFl LHEoI +E= +0f0t --JLltrl.
=al^l=

40 (ezl)"| tr+ +^l g ESel Lt|t(^lg A|El|el 'J6l=0ll= Eal P6l.+7|- EE6l
'6|.^l"J'= E6|l
zt H?.!+)rf (-+211 ESel LHEoI SHJEJ ag= g + ?l+Lltrl.

41-!E=8'el 7H+rl. rJ4l?l= +E= 40f0t -cr.Lltrf.

42 'Jtrol ++ 4Eol gtol Eq^l oILt|E rfal^l =dE 611l Elfl-e.-=.e 'ga1^aiEj "J+gLl+.

€ e'Jtrel =d ?l= g=al-oF+lol 71.= E0ll 0|.LH7l 488 5l_r. ?,looe btEol olr-llollxl 4€
7/lxl= a"JLltl.
=
@'A+ olLl-d Hlr6l= +Eoll^l 'Jtr3 E+= eal|-d ffTg + 9l+Lltrl.
^l-J'al
df^ltrJ 'Ealol dgJ +tr|-." 'oJ^il ^FJg=
- Br. = dOil Eq 9l+.'+= +Eoll,\l LJE
=g
,. ol +g0l g.aE d4f-g + ?l+Lltrl. =g=
@'Jtrel Eol Ll'-Jol ot?lol 7l^1 ofLHTl trE "JAt= ^FJ=tll Htrol E q^l gr?t+Lltl.

44 I|]EE AlEl?.! Hl=roJ= 47|1-d

=gLlrf.

45 ddl 6l-tr1lef Hl=?oJe.l +E4 ilolE= +0|-0F -EtLltl.

46 E= gqqal= 0l+= €E:d +EE *0|.0t -ctLltl.

47 O r|lg E= +^ltrJ 7lq6f^l F6l= ?3?71 EH+ESLltrl.

@ t+= += 5?-t E=E €11= g6lqB ?tl7l l+E 7lq6l^l
=a|ts,igLltrl.
@ E= g+6f= /.FJ=EIE|- e.l40l trl=^|trJ. /.l-=J== H= it l+el e+ 1olo= 7lq:d-LlEl.

48 cd gE E^ll a|e= fl-d t+ol -Je.a1r15

=gLltrl.

49 qdol rfEl{os oJSE= aal rJ4l?l= a= *ofoF -cfLltrf.

50 dEE !tr= +161| Hal-^f6l+H E9 fl?lg E+e ,i= 'J+6tz ?l+Lltrl.

^JEal

Chapter 3 €'J "J 5l|€

 I{otlEI. 6l|€
'T
Erl gq0H - 5oH) t
01 o2 03 o4 05 06 o7 08 o9 10
aa
v @ o\ a) @ o\ @ @ @
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
o\ o o\ 6\
\?-/ e o\ al @ Ar @
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
ai @ o\ @ o\ o\ @ a a)
v @
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
o\ e @ e O o\ O ad a) A
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
A
@ o, A o\ /A\ o, @ o) o\

'A*F , "l vt4 + "J^l ? *l + +trf if f, uf rf . zl r aFzf 7l- Ll ll-^1 El-^f EJ tE,{ -s .

"{zF: "F, laJte.

tf,rF trF+ t-
'
t+t
| zl trFa1 +
^ll-L.
'01 tfl^= gAE -:lEdl-^l gj+Lltf.'af= "Jg 56l| q^f7f sl^= Efall 6lLf Ef^l d
6lolo Of r'.
E --i Ot4.t
u:-r-r. trl
=6t=
-oE=

o{7f- : zllzl ol 14f- rta llEqts-, oJtrlofl il'tg t

'j*F ' 7j^f EJ
zl tlzT + All 9.. o{ 7f il.'tt -e-. ot 14 'tLf-s?
o{aF: of"l-g. zj uj zf,,rf+juf rf .

q^l7l- t-J^foll4l '01 4= glLl-g?'alr g6l= ,iE

az il=rllg, 8'L7t
Gltrloll

^4
56ll HrPl^lE0lLl
E,tlsJgE I # ?ll .Jrf7l 'q7l ?lL1l9. 0l "+Ll-9?'afr. trJ6l= ,,i==6|| q^Ul
g
Zl ^4= +0l E=6H+= 8g"J= + ?l+Lltl..

361 EtrJ "f 6|]€

03
o{at-: oJL:*F^{l s-. zli ztrt suj r-f rr alt7/ia +J4l t.j + ",1+ zjzz +J+"J
itl ttrl ^Falof s?di LltrF. s?+ *J+"Jrf rril Lslej"{l trH*,{ "t"1tr4!
f 'l't-. z^t- 4!.Fdt Et-a trJ, +l+oJet toJEj oiz! tl't Lltzt+ t.eKetu;
cF. "f E: +zJ 4.8Ks, ul + .Irs, "j{ l.+re{l ut+pu1 ztel 7)Ht ++"JLl
rF. *Fzt"J +l+"jel +rt 4.Hf 7l- 44 i."-t'Fi |t1l"ir-t z"!7t glef LFZFE
et 4itz!+ .c:tzt-t+ +E ",J-".tzri 14"t ",Iiutrf. fl ++l + "d+ ++
?-f Ef , oJ4trf-zt *J+ "JE+ +zt?zt +llzt l+Ejr-f rl-.

-d=, ?aJ, Dl=, "JEel 1oJ.J EZ Ztrl 4HlaJql +6t| 0l0l716lI. ?l+Lltrf.

04
u;"1 rftj*Fd.'F cl,3_."t+H{"t tzf
'f,*F , if r-1ls.
o{71-: aE rJzU alE oF"j? 1+E-f 41 712!+flEjirlt ";"14*"1 s-.

'f,.F '

q^f7f g= trl"J= gJol4al BEJ6fr ?io=.8 "+ qETpll ?lE EllLl E +otElllg.'alr
=^H
tl|-J6H0t -crLltl.

05
tf,rl-, +l rle4E z-t "J"
^llsZ
o{zf : "-f zJl EEj+f o{zl4l "tal ufart ",I"1+tr11 "t[Ljls-. "l-"f zzzl? "1+ zfgrtl
oJeJ !F"j?
"1+ flt Li +"F^J "J+a-t o{7tnt7t t"f",I+Etl
.'.....
'J*l- '

q^l7l gal "Jr= F 1l ?io=E ""Jr= ^l +'J8r-e ge+Lltrf."alr dl|oF --JLltf.

06
o{al- : 4"j"1 1z! r!\"J'11 E? !f.+ + 'r 4+ilqt
'f,tt , 'i"fgt "t*t|'E t"t Eat ?f?z[? tet a1d]er I n-ut ^J"f +"! +t+z +1
4t ot+H+l + ",IL+ E.sl-+ + +"Jof zF.z *f uJl. o-f nf{2
"{ zl- :

|-J^f7f +gE eol "J6l-r.9loo_=. "LlE t +g trtE-{.t|.."7|- 7l-8 4tr

-d E|1EJoJLlrf. =^l-z =ealr.:d=rll

Chaoter 3 E'J "J "-l|€

 tJEpl tsq
^E

07
"{zf-: 't*lrl +zt 7-tl { uf zF g zl zt4ls .
uf,zF :
"12{l "Jzlo{lg $ A-ut Hl+
gzl ?f +tr|--?. *l-trJslls. r ?Jl^1 .t+vl +t-!t zF

A .L7t ?f "J+ E'll uf Tf' * 'FoJ ? "j "f '-fl-8..

o{af :

.J^l7l HlTl 8trlE 9tl0l g,= 1= 4€6lr ?loE-=. q^lE 8=Jge 7|.8 4E:d 4? "^1141
++l F 7fl7[ tlol-; r+a1E=119.""JLltrl.

08
"f*F ' "f z{l PJ?l-s? 71 +At+ 7-t"{l,e_?
o{zF: al'-J ry. z.tdl "Ju.tul E"Fzlfl.E rH el- +{A1. z!*l*Hs. olajdl zf+
^!+z
E trJ"l =jz., E - rl!'lts,. 11"lofl-a-.
uf,zF :

qrlTl clDlLl d|all^lotl q a/.|.g r,tl-e +4= T-L 91oos "?J f4E +A0l =J9
:il=tll " ^l+lel
" " A^f-tsr Ll tl." 7| 7l8: =
4tr-d EHEJgLltrf.

09
'JtF zjtl i"f :aJ ilzt?
LF-szf ifu1l. g,{

^!+f+E s+? 'H"F *Ftc{ 3zHet tf -e?E'Hrt ++H^r *4t"t

Ejtrl-t
"{ zF "F
e.lid."l . t+! n"!+r] +
"f E 4.Fa *Li ctl s E "l t7"l"f uf ?
tj*l- +, Tf "l ufuJuf l{+LF.
"{ zF trf "J+H. "t? ^t { "rr zl tr*H + ?1t.

qrl= ,\l8oll g= datd}|Etfi floos ','.l80ll daF= -uftrl.'71 d=J"JLl+.

 ,PIKII

tftF L,l"j il+

H+zf z +H\t"F. olrrJz{l zl"F *lz-l?
trzr ^t^J"t"tt zl-zt

"{ zF
ufaffl H!"y u7 t-tHEJoF? f-zta 7t*l-*/ el-.!- zt nzt?
a1 nHai"Jzf "1"-f z1_"1. z-l*l-*/ el-l zl+ 711 zl-t! wll EllLf zf +Fld et--z
'J*F '*f
zl7l.
"{ zF :aJtrJ LF+ H+zJflzf a1 H+Ei 1-12!"!zt "J'! |UFEE zz 4^4+n+rl.
q^[7f qfaJqTl H ll+El /.l4roJ^l -atgE-e '.^rlE== 71;\1 HJaJtrl
^EfE-Eoe Z4qd|]E+r
Z^q-dq-.' 7l- €EJoJ Ll rf.
=

'J*l- 7u/tlJ"ll^-t LI-+ + 9EJ +4p,<{e-f B t'l-z *Fr--ll. r--llzF ttJ trp z!el, ")-"-t.
o{ zF
^|ot? zrlL u-z;-'J "f ol s-zl-+feJal ifr+["1.
.g-zF +feJe'Fi TuJdlzJ StFrlJet E
tf tl-
'l'ti ztt +)+! zl-tfiz +tF,l *l-zf
7t"'"t-z
"1zl {"F. ,e_zt *f+J..1i uloF+t-zf
"f ++ i lta*lloftzJlcf.

97f -+floll 5+= +|^-dtl-l. -?.loo-= olcl€ gEeE 7f8 4tr-.J 4? e7l +fl011 dsf= 7l
a"JLlrf.
=

12
tftF "/z{l+EJ7t "JilH+ ut-sir-il "f #zl- +)nl-s7
+1-u/ +.2)+l-711
o{ zl- yz!e1 EL17l- 1)+!zf 9F3. "{ zl E-/{,|-s. '-E ul 41'olzl-I Ll--c LilL.
*4LF trFs. EL1+ r-t{l+FaloJ "-.t-1. -+^Jo{l of o!7f*/{o!
'f,*l- +zl7l- 4.1+ tfof
+l z?

"{ 7F
i*tts.. 4eHdl "tolzf *f-uj EJ El!tr{l -g;+^Jil ?f 'rts.. oF4 : 't "l"t
1l " 'lnt +J H tlri E "J E zlls_.

q^f= €E+ +ee'J g0l ?l+r -ato=-=. €E+-e Tf,tl Eol6l= '2io1
0lolE gEoE 7f5t
ottrf^t lr[
=^tl-t "t.

372 Chapter 3 E'J H 6l|€

 tJ-Eol i{ ^lE

13
olzl uj*f +t"{lztt loJe +f,z E^11++ "l**j + "Jrratnz
$*r *, +al zt ]H E LAIIJ? "J"ra *FL{|. El, ^l++"t i[o1of *H.
?*f,z
o{ zl-
+t+J r4"f tf.rz +z 't-* t^lE *f { g-t lnr +tie1t.
'f,*F t-Hz utl f4i .lEf tfot HjerTlJ|ctzt.r./ |!rtrtE+ ++zt- "t4 tf"J"-t.
^Fzf,E"f
'E +!E=01 ?lcloF 6H.'al= 'Jlfel "Jg 56t| qtl E.q+oil gloloF g=
"J + 9t+Lltrf.
=ol7l4E ^!E=01
O -'J-L E/.lzJoll= Et^l=g Lrol ?l^l Ljtrf. 'tt|u Et^|Ee 0l+ EJ?tol.'alr
-
'J^t7l-
=+7|.
"J:d+Lltrl.
:+-r.
€)
^lq
+"Ja flrll=^l *l =/.121=
olt-g + ?ltrl. uqt 5oJoil"J
- ^lE
+'J=01 _E
,t.l+g + ?l+Lltl.
o|E-EF
@ qtt -E,\l3Joll^1 +e r4= Hf-e g.lcl= + ?lrl. - Lf8 4g oltrl .Fie
^tlE
galTf^J 9.1= + g.+Lltrl.. ^t|E ^FJ=01

z!*l # 3et+EJ s+ 4tE.!"[lAl 7t7l zJf;fl?f "l+ "{l4"Juf rf. of t[^fz

"J*F"+ uH+ tF-e_"1 sl.tqt X[{ tft tt-"J ? *tsEf :il" Lf of 4 bt*H*H+^,
zf ufzf,u;cp. zlrf,fl7l +'t +.ttE ztzt tl"ltlzl Ni "{luJ"JLf
EF. +^J :c[

E zr4'JEet tf+ T"{ uFaJLf El-.

r1|+ Efeg 3^10il g61 8g :d^f7l ?l+Lltrl.

e /.f?.!El7l ELJ Fl TJE'JalTl ?lrl. - 7J=J:el7l Eu Fl ?l+Llrl.
@ 4e3qt^l gEF= Afg-g 101tr|-. -- tHS.Joll^l 471 ^l?lEl7l
TJEJ:el7l ?l= ,JgLltl.
@ 471 Z-Jal= 2),lzl-=otr TlgE!trl. - TJEJ:9l7l gtrl ELf T.!:.JEl=xl= gt + Et+r-ltrt_

361 dg "f 6|l€

 .f,rF, t^l"JLf trf-. of ro'1 ,! tt++ +17, if"/.J trtrl
'F*i ^t7J4 ^Fl7J?
-t ?tel +r4ia afl.?- "/ 4"lzlr-t tr-tt lFzllzF El?[f ril-e-,
!ztz]- ro'1 +"J
til7{t \i E "t+E trl-LtEJ r_t Bli- *trJEot 4^t:tt"J^+ utsF. +t
E t"t+ z++
el r"/+et Et? trf,"t-uF"t E'lE ?i+ +:l"jrt"{t cH+H tlzlzli
^r^Jqt
4lz1t z1++ tJr,a "J+LttrF. of E! +2121+ .F+ + ?solnt-zt ")zl Atll"l
ul cF.

4F7l= 1OLl 5gf q=d:?H+Lltf.

@ -d+^JlZl=
loJ=el EJrf. - 47lI= 4+sl -r?.1=el e6E .J?t+Llrf.
^fTlEoil=
@ 01fl ^lTtol
01fl + EeoJzlxl geJ+. ,\fTldg += + EeoJzz[xl gaJLlrf.
^lTld3
@ 471= zl+ gg-d -
4'E EFEE EqeJq. - 4t7f= 10Ll Z 6f^l ?J?t+Lltrl.
=E=

16
o{zl-: .J,c"J "t + ldfizl ztzt{t^1 +^F fj+.e *t+ +!AUE"f ilts{te,
oFiIEFEF
eE+ ol +f^,"lEE "!'f crllirtrF. "-f 'EJ "f + z "t**fl^.t +^t dJ* ? +frl
El fl] s.t
.J*F , zil EzHet ++^,orE of lol"toJ "t* 417-1 zlz-tzt *"Js *tl *il ++L ujufu{
S*1"1* +J'-trF. :ajcJl uf,ol EIEJ +f^,ol E"t olett t *4tztiz zletzF trj
"l ztzl E+Uzt trJ eFz -s_. -r zHr-1 4ztzl u)zJ * zltzt E +zt?t- ll +71_+ AUt 6
z l-t+"{li 41 ujof ,<f ^!+H+rll zf f,g +fat*F+ 4+E"f tfot E"itqrr.
.J^f= rll lEalo; +8=01 +"J0lE 0l*0ll^l -dtrfr :*+Llrf.
o .Jrf= =4ol=gg"J ol.Eoil E^fEr5= -BrLlrl.
+"JEltrf TJalql^l aE= -drl. -- 'Jrf=
@ E^laJFE= dlr ?t= qrg= E0ltrf. - Eolfi^lu .FJol
@ +"J'JEltl ^ all7l= /.FJ=ol ?itrf.^130il=
^ll ^ll
--' uallTl= ^l=e g_eg
E/.f=Eg =fl#Llrl.
ofEoil -cr
Llrf. ^l+= ^l+=

374 Chapter 3 €g "f 6l|€

 EJEol Sq ^E

t-jzF: +LF, "lH{l attzt tlcfl+f{l z1+J*[]aart? 7tl^F+ "Jzlzl trfir{l uf,zf

"J ztltl + ?t4? *{Lil.

o{zf : 'r a.f dl ujolo!. r-l{zF Tt"t HlEfi*1l+Ell 7f o.f "l zlgJ? +f4tf t +Ftrlal-r.rJ"l
,<[zf+fa ?t 1+! ajolaFEJ^-1.
'f,rl-, ote! 714+! z1 +eJ*H +J. s.7 tltt-!4t rlo| ?14+l-? ctt 4H+ ? S*"1
iltf"t-. s*f zi +] +f\z1 ujzf zJ$ trzr1s*J ^JdlE o.f"r ilE 7-tot.
"9= rlg tll lEP = AtzJol Hfiol.."af=.J^fol "Jollll'J^l-= 49= =tr
-g dEe =€6|.=
tt]| ^llAh$ll 80t|E0l ofLlalz €4-Er= "J + ?l+Lltl..

18
tJ*F, ot zt^F s u_t-ttt. trl-+ LFal-cl^J rJfl +++ rlzz1 ?al Ll-ef-"{l -c+ ^Fzj
E "t E a {r1-q1s '
o{zF:
^Fef,el "t++
al zz! ztot*1 *J H +€+t7t ^f 4+FtrJ cf+ +e rlt+ a
H oF *JEHg. zF^Jel cls'fl oJ+*f u{ ajofzFoJ + e aJ.of.
'f,rl-, I zz{-r. ^J*J ++*l+ +ztEol ol*llzl-zl-s-. zF^J"| el*Fi E+ee elE
+ H!+JA1 L1 7tAJ7t ilr{l "f+*FE{ ^joF7j 1 "J'1"! *+*t +++l 7r\7l
il tf -a- rl{ z}*j u; rf .

H^f= fl6f= -E+eE U=6lq €ole + ?ltfE dE ++01 7l^l7l 9l+r 84

-Er-Lltrl.
^ltlol =E-Lr

19
ujzF af7tA1
"I"li +^l^Jof o-lEl"Jzt It zz[41t. $E.rotl zjr{#+oF4l"ts,.
zfz!
"{ zF Ezzg? e+ +zr eulttl lilzl-tf+ 1 7t'tzlt-e. fi^.|'1J"{l^J +€.
+z +E-]ofl $e*HrjaFz gef,*Jrfl E"i."ts'.
'JrF zz! "lL ",L+3-.71+ +z '41 4A4*HAi ?l + +^l^J +.fl "J"d+ ++ 1t^
ij.".rs_. lza+ +"J*f.+ ^f-zJ-ot 711f ^r4z *la t-r + zJ+jr |z +t
+l*t Hjr!+Fr EJ
E"!*f'rl E *l-.r. s.
"{ zF :ejts. "jtj 4^J Lt7t"t a+ 'J"l o Ltnt 7t4 E-FLf
t^J "JtrJ ?^l4?a'
",I+^t tq e 7t z *H e..

'J^t= Eerg Z^I6H^I 7l E 348 "-t!t= *3 ?il.fl1 Ee.rg tg6t= 3-dc.

+ ?t+r =0llrH-d tr-E= g= + ?l+= riol 'J^l"l ^|.aJel
-itoo_=. 'EE=e.8^]troil 84gLltrl-.
"J

3El 8.J "t 6l|€

20
o{zF : dlt'Ji 2f,.1 E"t ^J"J"t cf u! zr-! rt *+ tt$" e *^t igt++ *FE+ l1
{r/rf t "l+ E"lt'l trF. o-t*i ",+ 4t^-t z-?
t-f,zF: zFLTE.flzll zl-alt"F *j
4+'7tr.J'oJuf rf-. zfry'"| 9l*Fi ,14 +"7"tE zf
zl + ",I+ fJr|"il,.r zFaJTFEJ oFotE.e- ytj+lzt 1lia 'rJuf cl-. * *f ft*?
^rz;7+ Ha aEia et*t{ +^l-?
*puja-t zt^lElrtrl-trJ "Jzlt dJ?3.f1 ").E
*l.r{^J +++Hs. *1"{4*t711 LlotTt + ",I+ rJ+ ,1E*r=. + +a 4f
'-r.l-.
'^lUol fl61ts A= +E0l= 71tr + ?t= eJedl^l olol=3 t+61.^l ?J= 4 Lltrl.'af
'fl6|.= ziE s+ ^leJq.E
'J^l-el "JE E= + ?t= EJeql^J= tal6l^l ?J/l EJtrf.'E H^fel
= g
a4g + ?t+Lttrf.=6t|

21-22
"{ zF 'fzl-{+ef- LllLlall 4++ *t dttl"f ",J."-t^t +Z Eol.ot *ff E-{t o-,nJ oj{"r
+ +rt c- z 41"1 .

'jtF ?1++ E"-tsE zJ "-ttrJt? "tej"|u1 +J+ zF*e E't E"t wt-TlLt-7t-+ 7tz
ztlE-c1-4 i!*!
^Jr!+Ftrl
utzr E+ + ",IE ,!"tt.
"{ zF ratL!7l z[tl-zt uJa.*J ?*f "j"t tlztEc ".totzt? 4+E E"l +? uF*cfl
e 'J.z *E + l-\t"r.
z1++
zz| "tt +*t{11+ "fl+zt -zl
tJzF uH+ *H7,*FEJ rf +tt7t*t
^1. $z!E-ct
if"f.z1 ++ E^t ifr +Jf,"f Eoi t a/{uf-rf-trt?!. ttt |+fatr_'f* El|-e
?i ++ z +FoJ + of .E of zt 1[i
*Fzi zt "F.

"4=g ?Jr gEol g rllEftt flrl .,"q 4alr .JP 6lair 6tE E.
=rlZoF."af=
0l^l gJE =q
"J= E6]|'J^l-= EE r.oa1g =s_e
-d ^l+= -zr+r 84-EtE
Fl +ulat|oF =ol g'
.\ ol4r
-T- lrl
,i El "t Lt .
^l+=

22 "oleJolE gE.J HHtrlLlTl= AE "JE Ed|] 4== nt|

IlEo-e Eol =ol + ?l=E g +^le6lE"olal=..J^lel
^l€o_e
HHf^lLlTlE= ?l+Lltrl. =
O 44 2Ll 5PJ^18-=f -dtrl. -- tl|efol Lt|t= 56t| +oJ-=t + g.+Lltl.
== ^Eg E= EI=I|.|E =Hldl|oF
@ 4== dg + ?,ttrf. qrfel "Joil el6lE 4=E trtgEHE
=E
-_lr E + g.+Lltrf. =z - =E ==
@ 4=g +q=01 7|.8 ts3 HJHolrl.
- 4== E4 E= + flrfu Lfel ?,t
^l|Ell3
E 4=$ +qEol Etl= Lt|tg EJoJ-E' + g.ALl+. =E ==
=

376 j Chapter 3 d'J "l aH€

 EJEoI H ^lE

23-24
o{ zF s- tz4'J, + "l+ E syc. zlnts-?
1ud*f,<tl
*t zlzt zlzt Laj ,r.p*fo| {"rr--r z!tte1.fr.t+. .r{uE
=tzt-z *g rj +E
tj"l-
t[+.lt a{tt 4 uF"f ?F LJ+ *f aillof E-fe}.a..e-. t-EBlot
E elz u[t!
^FPJef
? e,It/ trt-e- .

"{ zF
-, 21fl".t s.? H dt E rFqt,<r
^t^l++f zJ
Ezttrt+.
tj*f' 7F+ 7t sLf nF ,"!"1!e 47t if"j'rJ4. ug
of
^1r1*E !flt ? EdFot ctftrj
ef'el r E r + +l-i z)+ a ,r$zf *ju;
&?t if 'f E.1.

23 '-er Tlrl Zel E= lt:dol ?lol^J'el= LJ^lol "J= 56]| 'tr|^l 6l^10{l Zel6'l-r. il+.'71-E-J"J
g+ ?l+Lltrt.
=

'J^feJ "JE Ed|l qrl HilEJ

24 'ztE 'J HLlnl flfl-= r g?tq=e.'al= eflg ll^l Lr
z g.EHlol= =Jg= g +^l?l+Lltrl. ^tfle
o trl^l H|]= H|lg€ eJtrl. trl^l H|l= /.1,fl9 eEHlol= Et-r. Hl|g= f,+Lltrt.
-
@ 'J^l= e= ^1.f3 =ol^l
q^l= Et EJ +EqIEl.
^lqq - '-J^l7l trltt= +E:d Ag ol^llgLltrl.
@ 'J^|ts 4rl H|l= Llol= gr ?l+. - .J^l= trl^f H|l= ,l.lflol olalHH+r oloFTl=d
E # Ll-ol= gtrl ^lflE
=-stLltrl.

25-26
"{zF: ",f+ +zFzF ztztLlet ^Hz+ z+E+ 7t:+t-zta ")."t^+Efta, sE,ta btEtJ*
LJI-4. "f H.ll+ *j,z 44i' +7112 i^lE afl.tt+t-. ol +zt "lLtL?
uf,zf-: zrt aAt"tz! ^tzt?"117.1g *JeJoilei "J".t"FE Eatqt cH+H "!*.7+a,
+"+E
of .f Ez.rrgf *H?tr4a[r t,;H+H 4dzt+FfllB EE 4"tzt+ *sq+. :d
^E7tz
tJdT+ottA1
4oil q4 art4tr,iE "{^J,t"J ; atdtzl "fzF,fl +*l +rftz trf-
H'J |"lr-a. *f,o +a1 +dto{t EH*H I zlati 2.fl "FE"t E4rt a.!*{aql
E"i"t zls "!*J? or4*i'trf .

25 'Jxl= '^l= fl€Oil^l gclLl= E410il E|l6fl g4+a etr.

:dtrl.'= flsoe '4€e
Ed E^il= ^€oleJ ^taJ=oll4l
g'a10F ,iol -J^lE g4gqtr+.
=^|-0il11 =c

3El €.J "J 6ll€

26 'olHoll= +r ++g +rlle 4#= l dtrl=e.'al= q^hol "J= =d|l 47171 :+r ++e.l E^ll
94= a€= H+= a= g + ?i6Llrf.
=
O 4t7l= doll q€, -t?loll rJ--J 4€= Blfitrf. - 4t7l= q€, l?.!oll zJ-ar 4€= ly+Lltf.
@ 4f7fel 0l-=g rE+roil^l -+r++= e-d=drt. - 0f=01 rS-+roil LHE'J EJ
oJ= + ?l+Lltrl. =qrJ+=
@ 4f7f= geE qt^pll rH6H rf= aol+. -- 4r-7|-= ,\fal4
^€ql^l
e+^l= trf+leJ+Llrl. ^fal4 ^l=7tl^l4€0ll,\l

27-28
"{ zl- "{e, "Jztl
trj/il rJ+
+ '4^J+", "iE vH E "4ztEof ofzl E 7,1otl Lf,u-flg.
tf tl' J-zlla-f rFi zl"1"f tj "J.l+c-fl olcj 7)i.?

"{ 7F F zttzl- "l"l+trJl *FLt-e ++et ztlzt

ujojofct a-]i *tzlii gofli z{
trlzl--a. s_. +J +H +J *,{ H*t{7t-+ Ei"t c[z! z1l "JtF*1"t11"-t-s. -aaf r *l-Ll,

| "Fzf *trJE"lr/c{t +J rjufrF F]+ 7-teHs-. ol-zf zF ^Jt+Fi E++ + +

"r)."111 t ot al-.z s-.
of ofzf zlolof Ll-s. -f,zJr-ll al-zf ol {ofrJ 7j gof if
'JzF ^l-4of "rli "4^lE "f
r-l el--I- _9.

"{ zl- -r-z,.f ,e-? 7t tro|c/r1l . +zt zj+lr 7l+el +lEE rt"-t+oJ +i zl zlops.

27 .J^fsl Tl+ troll d=01= ,J= rr|i E o4^f7f oloFTl6f_r.. trf^lEollll= +al doilE +
q== FE "J6l= rig E6l| =?trlr
q^f= doll .4^l= 71= rl01l EI= g7l ?1"-H "Jdf
=Gl =,Jttfl
_r.?t8Eg+?t+Llrl.

28 '+ 7H7l ?1fl=rll'al= q^fol "J= E511

olTl gE--J doil= "_4^t7t + 711 ?lgrf= g+ ?16
Llrf. ^l#=
o ++ts olL|1 rl+ tr d=010il
trr4:ilrf. - ++= HtrJ rl+ d E=010il Er4:il+Llrf.
@'J^l= F .-4^f EF ,i?.!^l 7lq-d+. .J^|= 0l7l fl= s4^f'J 7lq6lz ?l+Lltl.
7J=T|LJ'J o4^fol Ll+
clEE
- ^ftlol
.J^f= 0l7l ,\fdol ?t= o4^lel
@ 4t0f -Eolrl ?i?,trf. - 4Fol,\l
€ Eol^l ?J=+r =*+Llrf.
^fT.!01 ^fTlol

378 Chapter 3 E'J I 6l|€

 -t'JEol !"q
^E

29-30
o{aF:
'H^! 4zf';t 1+^J+uJs..a 4zr+; + ?1"J ^t+t+47+ zti^l +Z
^zt,
Ll\ zz 4rl-*l-z rjtrJ+l-o{ 4 EH+fq oJ7,{^jolup szjrf+ +{.fl "l+
AJ"J^,J?
^Joj*F+
zilE.J oj*f,rfzjrJ rtt_r.{l Et{*t{ 4frl et44 ",).Ectl3-, t
*1rtzd* zrt-e.cl ef *,{ +I^U+ "-t€zll LU?++l^JLtnl?
^JBj*l-+ 44t
r,;HiH

'J*l-,aJ+ "J*+^FdrJ trt-e."{l ef*J ++4 ^Jrl+ +rl77e-z 4rl+r+ tt"JLf trF. .r
+"J *J^8; ^Jal+l rEfl z.rdf zt "l + "]+ rlE+ *+^He.l L,{^J *121, 1+ ^1^7
+ "t :ilf uf sl-. : LFll u; +f rl"lel *f oj + zl + "I + ",Il^zt oJ "J^J olup zltH
a-t

fl, azl, zfi^l ++ zl-^ll*l "l + l^l^iulcF. t+!^r4!J ttt-e.7 ++tt *14
oJTdrF ztztt-zttr1 E+ +*irlez sr *+^lo{?
++ + ",1"1 ^Jzfi utzto!
?t+4"f ili *+^E++ ^JHl*l + ",1+ 1? ztlf at-r ^,"i4*Fz "Jt't'!.

29 '^l--l7l eg= dg-dtrf'z floas.Jrl= EH-+ zJzlrfg= "J + ?l+Llrl.

30 '-+8el Lt|^! €4, +5 d4golfl+Llrl. ral+ELl +8el -+e ts+3 g + ?tfl^ltrJ'el Lt|E
g EE LHt! d4af +=E+e -+8el -+e g + ?l+Llrt.
e g+^l-tral dlEoil^l= +5d4= =+= g+^|.€rJ 4_E0ll^l= oJ€OlLl trr^t|+,
7l-=d 5= =^l-drl. - ^tr,
@ "J+^l-8+
=i^l-stLltl.Etr= rrfE H^l ?J=trf. -- g-+^f€zJ rllEoll^l= c= EEal
^llEoll^'l=
Ttl,\I E= 5:d4oe ELlrl. ^l7l|
@ g+^l€+ qtgsl 5E4oe E+. -- g+,tl.8zJ ^llEoll^l= 4E eloll
E ?l€0lLl ^llEoll^J= 7f5€ 5E^E"J=
trf^t|+,
=^l-ErLltrl.
31-32
"{ zF +af Ll-el-+zlEE t"t{"J r.+.il rfi*f oJ{ o, 44 €.J*t-z ",!^t"t "t-2.!i
EF-e. LFeFoll Hf +,{ ot"f*J +?"J
4 tols. [;IILI+ ?t"lE9L r!"U"J elg .z
+++ z.tlt7t ifz {a,r.
'J*F dlTF rJaJ ztzE z^t*H E cFqr gl*FtrJ 4+ TtaJel ryi t",{"J a+++
13% t+ "t E-'l'It o.ey" 4-E 4t --' Hos.
4E?"J a.7t
"{ zF $z!H'F 'l? llt"t t3-. to,{"J z* E? +"trt el*,1^J+ 1F"H"t? ,H.7
*t + "J+ zJ\tF sJE"J 4+ z,{oluf- 2t"f,?+et etAJet 7JdJ"t T rje+j
zl zt"pa.
'f,*F "liLttrF. f,zf a zF"Ht r+ 414i- ^1+77ev t-lr,t*tz o/+ ef +ef
'-il,
rl4t| rtz+H*1 +zf LFaFdl 4++t + "J+ +++ zlg+Fi 1E *t-Lt-ol H+
{"t EJ 1 ",Irl).".tt.

31 .J^l= el+sl ?alu1a1o; lgoil *Zl Elr6l= a_E g4611 gl+Llrl".

^fa1l= =+r.

32 Hrl= gol|?.! rEE 1.3olo Eel 5zl =JE6G ErllE= EaILH-r. ?l+Llrl.
^fe=

33-34
"4zl-: eE 9 z{el t-1477"12/-al ?"t1? rt++l-4'-r-az "lit+E+ rt*+Fzf {
al*Fl +t 4 zt- vtztB| r-jazt+ +F+ E!7-tz#s "do{ Afeof
ElTl IIflE.il
Et "Jt't'!. *Fzltrj {+F'F-a- +|1^1 LF ++ 4"JrFs.? HE =zlzt if't-a.
rJ
'F. "J "f tl + + i "lEzt ef *H^J i zl+l o; uju;Ej uf cf-. + ot ?d, Lf.
AU7++[L,

+4712! *E 4^!*t-rt gf*l{ *llafef 4Ho4 1+el Ll-+71- Hlo-tzt-a- ",It't

trF. E*1 "j$f++?
"tE7t pt*t] *"t+ tf+.jl tr*1 "+++ +ztet 47!
clE eaf ?f + "3+J? nf tjut.F. "Jfl+E? rl+*F+
^FajE + E+"f
u "J
fl+#i ft*t*l-i +z[Ee1 zJzlnlztE *Hrra "]ztz. eE+E1 +d1 ttl
^J
o.r:r!+ l, o-f rEJ
^t++F+ ^Jzt-sZ

33 q^l= Ll+71 4lq^lr, 4?Joil ?Je g-BtE i)ld= gElE= E^llEoil r|l6H "J
o-ll ?l+Lltf. =^l =q ^ltsl

Chapter 3 €'J "! d[|€

 EJ-]olH
^lH

34 q^l= ^lt6l7l Ealoll. €Z^l= 6l= HZeEol g.ol gelE= ?lrlr "J6lr ?l
+Lltrl. ^l€ol =z
@ 9a1953 trJ=71 ?161| trl.gEt ++ qtEol 7Ht+Elfltrl. -- gElg=E "J=71 ?16l| ?j- gel
al-+E=01 fl!r[. ,r.t

@ 9flE=e "Je|EEE 7J7JtrJ

"-t|r!tr|.
-- gflE=p E
&aJ=$ ^FJ=$
E "JalE=g Stat= ^l€6|-= l?Jal^lE dfltrLltrl. ^FEflE ^|-aJ=$
@ galggg Stalzl +l6t| d]|Eltrl 4dq r+ol Ll+= C=4. gEIEEE trJE= Ell dflEttrl
4dq r+q Ll+71 4lqdLltr|,.
-

35-36
tf,tF tt3*tott3_? l_E "t ,.lztati ztz!41 tt 'oF'.il 4f*tt t"te t! *tzfifit|
'
rF.+zt ^lE1 'oF'E s+ roeJ"il 4tf,*Fzf
^t4+F+cilg, E"t '.rE 4i
e-t+J tJstLtr,+.zl"f E sE 2n 4E"Jcit utt? zlztL? "f cffft{t +df*p
21"L
"!+ 4"1 rf-"F*f,LrEF. Et-zF ztz!41 E.fEcil +lft4 ez a.tE,,4t ++71
++*F^f ar oFf +", tl ^Fzj"{ldl ++t +f 't'F. e*J gef zF "FE a LHI
"t 4E aHE ?rs.+*t trjr tJrrqrar ++ AlEt'-rct. nf? olztl.t li
+-E- tFtJaJ T"+ attt s^{ll.. uf+ *Jr +7r"! ztz!4tz ?? of, e++
"lE *t oJ zas^t+ 4 o-t:4tnt-s?

35 'J^t= Elol d€Fal 2l?J g E5oll r|J6|l €Eo-lr. gl+Llrl.

36 '=dl Bh eJ^foilzl trl= =J.t. EJ^|-0il41 €a= g + gt+Lltrl.

O olel 10g0ll =e
rJ+. ^lEgLltrf.'oil^l
trlq 6-78 g_=oll =JLltrl.
=3 - =g
€) trl= e0|- q= ,l0l --- trl= "Ja1l1 EE Ez il^lal trl^l= aol
@ El= Eol !E7.13 =trf. --- trl= rl =q =+L|trl.
^laJqlll =rl. =ol ^f=Joil4l =+qtrl.
37-38
o{71-:€rt'Jat,.t+ +^Jel +L^1o11 rfl*H +i+t 7fz+F^J Ezz guj*Jc1l_&, "l
Hqt +tEJ r4oil+ +*f H rF*+4 4E|-qt^t +nzt ?l.^Joil sH*lf Lfl*rfz
*,{ -s. + Htzl e z
"t++H + ^t v.
"f,*l-, +^i+ rf , +fit4 " E Hel 4+"1a6 u/{Hl 7 nH4+ fj+"laFr. +t + ",Lt
uf cl-. z{l"J"r'-l- t{4trl4+ +ttrt Hel dlrc+ "joJuful"! ++aloJ HJ'{, +^J

i +rt + ++zf zz sj{rF ,<rrJur'l-. d+t+ rJ{rf uJ?el "f.ll 1l+ ++

ez ztolal, afzzl ++ ++*l-+ Tf rJtuf rf. {lZ il+ ttfl+ uJ.fl il+ '-,t
+? dl++HA1 7lo1*,{ Ll{oF*Fs z fl.+of o1 ujrj*Ffll EJulrl-. .E*J oF?et rl
"1 u1{z{l+ ltH+J ?t4+ zt?-+tzt g *J'lrp. r{E llg{. ^J+e1, {trla1, +
Hjtrj*Fa
zl77
^laelof 'l-?,rfaj{l cf{*j of*Hel +E H"-t7l+ 4i "lz-t*J
Hel 4++ slal"l il.Fr *; + tz[2.

37 H^l= tlol dFEal Hg4l= DH+= =JEolalr. "J6l_z ?l#Llrl.

=^l7l-

38 '4lg0lLl =JellHldE 6l.E Llel aldg "JolLl^ltrJ +54?.! HJE,

=^l=
F!= =J€
el Fll= tsE4ge =J€at^lZ= g + flA!+. =E4o.E
Xlg= -=' q= =^l=
e ^lZLltl.'0ll^l !7|. alE6l^l ?J=trf. - Xlg= 6lE llel alde gq+^ltrJ +54gLltrf.
@ EEZI= tsal4 3Jal0l Atr:f.
- Egxl= El=el !E ad=
@ -g rr|l= ^fral4
r|]tlHJ+ d4l7l. g€al5Jrl. --- ^E-d.Llrl.
-g rrfl= E|1!IHJ+ goil ?t= EFEoI
=^l=
EJdaFJ Lltl. =^1=

39-40
o{af :+r} ^JoJ"l
r "l"l? alul zl"JE.flz.fltr} E"F
e{ldl4eE E,{ti ,!1t*lrloJ
tLl.Lf +zit! A!^lot +s. re{EJ "f a-t+f Ezll4? *H7t+l-71 el*f c,rt"f il
?'tst
tj*l-, *4"t*1"{o1 *pu1-el cfl"J"f EJ + ",I+'rl'rltulrl-. *zjol*1"{o1z! $tlzl-g;l t-
atzl-zl 'HF+J lf?it+ "U.+ +zJ+"1(tair trade)dt^J rtF+ zltuf,za, {+J"+
*f o;zpar *J'f Tztztlt *Ff "{*d"{l^J Lzflrtr tJ73s"i, +trj irl-gl, L}
'1.
Hf ++ ut1*Fa ".f a{t z?"lzFr L&+ +7.l+ +l7l
LFaFef +"JE"11711
ofl^J 2ooouJcl{ Eo-t^JEJ^J +zd? Hl++! ojEl+J.fl^J lztsl"r eJEEll of dl
,Jd f+q{Ef+ *all"fzf -e-. {rjol+1"{+ ++HA1 *Jzl{ol +t*l-+ 1a+ "t
**t-a., *Jzf 4171 ftrltf + + ^l+ + "J+l+ * zf "1 r-l-tll t-tzl + ",It't'r.
*rtetr +!.j? zj*l-ts "+*d? z{lrl+1 1r- Nz[ftu1c.p.

Chapter 3 €g "f 6H€

 GJ-4PI E ^IE

q^lel 'aJzJ {|g0l rt|LJ .586|-^loJ I olqg EE 7lg=ollXl"J EaJE

^ll}l4oe
"J= 56t| 'aJBtg9 0lq0l 7lg=0ll4l tr=4o+ =olztrl! Lt|tol
^t€01=e.'af=
goll LleJ== "J + 9l+Llrl. =E =olztrl.'=

40 "3€qg= 56H^l Erl?.!ol 3g6f= +4= olt6.l-2, E^loll^l gtlEl= A^l= +"J6|.= 5
q^l6l= Afg + ?l+Lltrl."al= LHE= EdH €= + ^l
a= g +
BEqgo-E 91tr+=
?l+r-1trl. ^lq^f6l=
O 3€q:dg E^l +^lloltrl. --- B€qg= trxl.=Jrl|El= +^lloJLlrl.
@ AA+qg =^ElE ttl8 trJoltrf. B€q-"Jg B8+qoil^l tElE oJgLltrl..
=€q:doll^l -
@ A€CB8 -d+oll^l 7|.8 fl^1 - Afl= Hl=-zf gglfloll^l +tlElol
eJ+|trl. ^l4Elfltrl. =trqg8

41-42
uf,zF: e++ 4ztel zlzl t-!$i *JE4t *l-+ eJ"! +
"trl t+.{l
E;HiH otofLTil+
uf cl-. zf,zjt++ sl{*FE "J+ ++8*j EEt{o{t 7t^Jet ztzl''lE +al*Ffll
^tzt+
z]z!41*1 sFzf 4l*FrFa "{ zt E ,t^J Z *,"{*f + \ + + el u|*ju| rF. "f eJ *J t
4 L+t Ejrrr, ++, +^.1, !.Jrj, tr + EH"!^1utal *F+ "J4tA1 +z Ht
^Jrttz tntl
rfl+ju;'r. t4r++ ztzjl.t r..t-+ t4fi +*/4t"F +j EEfl Hj^t
*f-u{, zjzjt+? *l.dt Elu/ zfaJsl tJ4t ztzjt_l ztzz so{ofuf +t+ ?trl
to{l fl-of z1- Hjzl, "j*t-+ +zt? +JE?11 oJE'r tl. ztz!L+ez $rJ ft*ilzf
774+l?11 cF+"-tzf zf ".fi zJ+.fl+ Elo+, iJ*J 4+
^J*J 4.Ezlt^+ Hof dt
4J 4Al4t! ul zl*lnlzt zl it ",Ii't'f. +ilajE ,!s*FE
^Ftlzt "tz.tt!
z!z!t+ef rf *uzfE? "I+ zf ol of ujzF *Ft. AE4ot E'f .F.

41 'rJ€r5.e.e gZ Eril7l. 4tr6lzl El+ol^l^l Lr= Z+oil= C-.J lEajll= Eolzl Elq'al=
LllEE E6t| ,J€15= 4tr"-l4l trl+^l g-g.E ,\=all^7l 8Z= g + ?l6Lltrl.
o a8L5g rl.+l= R"JaE e€4?.! flEoltrl-. - ,J8tEg goJol E g,
aoJS 011_JLltrl. ^l+E =€4E
@ ,Jtrr53 Hl€+rl EEi^|-oill|^l +e gg-dEl. - ,J€t53 rflfll,r.jul_rg 6l= 90il,\1 +
E "J€-sr'Lltrl.
@ A€!=Ee !81 !771= A8= +461 E=-g q 8Z+. - A€-LES A4|e LTtl= rJ€af
+= A€= Efldl|ot -Er' tt]| t+g-EtLltrf.

42 .J^l= ,J€rEel E^1lE= rttr= 'Je.af= fl?tol glrlr g6fr. ?l+Llrl.

^l46lq ^fAqE

3El d.J "J 6|]€

43-44
"{zF: ztj Floft ll"f + a^+ 4+? 4il+"JLttrF. -a4'llzlg;l+ 7t+"{l "/+ E+
E"t Ft"Jzt ??*tzt t ",4E1 'r[^!' of zl-z E^t+:L1ts, 7l
if :.rJzra
.gFzf tel +L1EF+ el4t ?+"r +turef. zjlf +el ,t^!+.E.+ r17t1z, +!

+, E rt + 7J*, *tz!, +,{*1, 4+, +, +Hrt, +, zJ +, +Hr,,^J+et + o z

uHltEl "i ",Ituf ef. ro1+"FtrJr.fl gl*l-EJ. rJal'rp u!21 1r1 {at
^HZ EoJ+
Eqtn 4"1^p+3'rrg ujE rt 4+J.E+ elel o1 leeJaj ",++'Jf,"{l to{ et+t
so{"F Hj"FE"{zilrl-a *l-7f E *l"J^+ LtEl-. t^j? "J+ +T1Z z71l + 7l-71
?t ",LtLlEl-. *f-LF+ ,!+ +tel 1tz;"J't'l-. t^J?"| 7+j.ll ^urt + ",1+
of"t+trF.!. s"Jf sF? *l-Ll-+ 1F^.!.Juf r-1.. ?+J etel t^!+
'-l-p "J? '-lcF.
"l ?+Jel +tl 7't+tt++ "1*j? *JLf rl-. "f 42 +zt rlzE"t ^t+-,t++
'flf *1-u1-s etol 3.i ,7"1 i1f,rt.t-.

43 Eta= "J= 6lt_l= zE +Eel 8d. rl= 6f= ef^]olalr 6|.fl+Lltrf.

=4e

44 q^l='01=l= +al da=01 Z+Eoil= 6fLfE eltrl g.= rl0l S+Llrf.'alr. -?.lo=-=
'trt8oll= d^=9 ^13
?Itrf.' 71 7lEi 4tr-ctLltrl.
^ldl7l 'JZ

45-46
"{zF : s+ dt t ft "f,,<t ++ "tE".t E+ zf ol of-ulaF #*8o.ft at*l atzHFE. rt?oJ
upf 4{ a efl14. y-z!.ezl Ea ",It'trl-. *u+jEJ+J z{lf;o| il'to/ +A, 7l
tl, rtzF"J.ll E"lzt-,<flrJ4 #€nl-rl uf-g zJ*fl,r14^-l +"1 uF-g+ !'F4"1 z"l
1F*t u1-g z7"l E*J "J'lcl-. "f eJ +l t t oJ^l + rH a + ? "l i- ^l t-t E4ttII{e HJ
tF*F+ g*t"t; ujzt l"lzfzl el+H E{/C"JillE r
^F"loll^J 1.t "jrf
r il+
*r{l"Juf rl-. :aJLF of zlr4l ulzt,<!afsJ e^Ei g*1"{o1 ztuFtrJ cH9. E |+te{at
+ 4+zF Tf"F utz14 tEfl ottlFEJ4.eF trFot+^J + ?t4 ++HE4i afllH
s4 zt4+'ffF? +uj*JEf-+ ulrl? ,ta ",IiLltrl-. + v4 utza AHELT 4
EJof tr$oJnt.e? *dEH7
^l"nr+ +zt7t + Aut+Hyt"F*j EzJtojulcf-.

Chapter 3 €g "! 6[|€

 tJEol tsq
^E

'+g-gu-d ?ltrfE 7lsf, trl^l?.loil €+t"+ +EDt^l Hle T!g^14^l'e] Ll|E

^ll=01 HaJE==^l =ol7l
E 56|T trfl.,t =sll5 zlEloll/\l ?Eal^l HfE TI-.JE= g + glaqq.
o Ea.!E= 4ltrOll g/\l
u|1,r.=s115 F= "J=trf. tr|].\E trfldg 1l€0ll J
--- s
,i0l 0fLlafr -il+Lltrl. == "J=cl ==
@ u1;.r.=s115 Ea,IE= UotE
^Ha7l
+ ?t= tEol ?lrl. - n|l,\E trlldE ag "J^.|3 ^Hr=
-EtLltrl.
=11
@ u1,r=a;15 EaJE R=3 +-"J01
^lLfE
HJal^l^l g]=rl.
- trt|4E trlldE *=3 +g0l ^l
LfE EH+E Elalrl= 4?71 Lr+Llrl.

46 q^f= nfl-r.=sllSel +aoJrlql 4-d €E= nfl-,t=n;15o1 E^llE= gl+Lltr+.

^il=6lr ^l46tr.

47-48
o{zF: LA f!'1 ^J"d"{l E,{*J E,t"JsE 4'1 t"J"l g,tezH^t r"l H4tr-lE 4'-1 lF
"jtt "p*+ rleJ+ oFzlzf ".fl 1itr{lt-, +alLl-aFef 4tJ tl'"J zfel */3}1
"-l€fufnf't
'J*l-'4++ zf LJ*H seJ Eilr-t.t"J ztfE fteyzlt 4+rJ oJ"J? ult+!. 2z +J+
t"J *teJ'fl 5.t +"JLttrF. 5.il8 t"d zteJ rF"J i +tl 2tsz14l'j*l-+'-{l
3-.717! cHETTez 4'1 {t ,t"J+ 3ol elnf-2| hlr,;H too% tr++ HJ"F ?
+dl^l-'ll^J +J?11 ++ ot"l + "J+ zll1zl ",Ii'trl-. :aJul-"ll zt+tz i
3-*Fzf 't trl i,g.*J z)i zt+Jot +v7J4gE "f Hztzt ifE+
^l7J ^J^l+
t)z-t+t +l+ 4oJ'l'F. s+J 4'1 tF"J ^l"H +t+J+ +atzt el*J up11ej,7J^l
EJ,?.lt+ zjal E \o! zteJ HJtE trf-zJ*HoF tl zlolutr,+.
^f-+

47 '€+= 5g E!^J . 6fg rE ,gEHZI d+al U?JE LH=r. 24 fl= eFg Fg

gLltrf. +^iE 6fg rlfl
^ILJ6|]
+al 2187t|oll -Jaf=rlle.'el LHE= ^|floil
EdH €+oll^l= ELJ 8g
=
oll EH:d ^fgg
4=4"J= g + 9t+Lltrl-.
^lfloll
e 8Ll er.g 7lg3 1q fl7ll^l gg + ?trl. --* 3q ?a6l E= "J= # ?l#Llrr.
==
@ ELJ 8e= €E €g9 7fB Eal4oJ 6l|=r40ltl. -_ EJoJ-cF + g,= LHEoJLltl.
@ €+= ELI 8g^f7l + ?lE= 2^g= ^|fl-dtrl. - 2T fl3 €+71. afg ^lfloll
Fg:d == "J=
=gLlrl.

48 |_J^l-= d^lE 6l_r. 3g ^|fl ggf= trfaldl= 5 8Ll efg rlfl €4oll^l HcJ
E=^ld =^i6l
"J6l-r. ?l#Lltrt.
^f+
=

3El €'J "J 6l|€

49-50
o{71-: Ej^ E"JE rllE+ oftlul-!? 4+71- +^lzftE ?"lz zt1!644{,rJzJell
E,{*J +t"aE E"lzl 9f+,{ E oJ+l zrlE"J'l r,l.7t1"J sE zl-{of uf r}
^loJEel
'tr-t*1 f {lrr ztztut 7F4. ^l+? t",71ul +"J*l-+ + +^!
71eJa z1l++
7Ft aH{+ +of zt ef*H 5a1*FH ^J+ "l 7,"1 +"t l^)zl^ E ?"J rl"tz
E"JE + ,11+*julrf. ot4ez ++^f € "l* s++ *jloJ z 'Hl.E Sof up
*r,ztzls?? ztzll+l +E ").+c-{ls, tz{li "lz1+t +i zlls-zf "Jfr4lz
$+*t.4. *etr t elTl if"F "t+*F+ ^Fajol e+rl+ *J"J'-lcf. e{jz{lulz/
*"1 *zup rlj4l"J? ++H E!6 c."JE HlE.fl trH*H ojal.F{ trlzf z uHl
E ?"t+ trJl EJ6. rL"Jr 71tE?l + "1*j? *l + "J7.t if ?nF.eflzf*ju|rp.

49 'Et|=E5olLl +E, d7l9== +E ?l=Ellg,'= E6t| EJ4' soJE-+. EI|=IE 0lE9=

g zlrll-s + ?lE= g + ?l+Lltrl.
=^ll-g
o EJ4 soJ= ll_E= Tlgol =fl-d ^llEolrf. --- EJ+ E?.!tr rll-EE tr+71Eg-d ^ll-EoJLltrf.
@ =J+ s?.!E rll-cts 7|1?.! E= 7f€"J= Ell8o-= -drf. .-- 7|lE !E= 7l-801+ Aig,,.l€ 5E
rH$oe. -slLltrl.
@ EJ^ soJE IllE +"J= -drl. - EJ4 s?.!= tr+718d7|-4
^llE= ^1EJ4 =4e.e
xleJAtsl4€8oll t|.|-Lf /.l"J=el eFq= E017l +l-sr ^llE=
U= IllEgLltrf.
= =olz =4-9.E

50 'ErJl= olal-d €3 xll-=u I il=OilE E+6fr. -€'H7l E El^l ?Jol 0lt6l-= lf-Jol =Etrf= tr
gLltrl.'el Lt|E= E6|] qxf= EJ^ E?.!E rllso; ++6|--z ilA= g + ?l+Lltrf.
=H=

Chapter 3 E'J "f 6l|€

 tJ*4o1i:_4
^lE

+
E!E -EE-JgJ "! i|lE 7l= (+zJ^l) H]|E
e -d=ol= TIEA + ?t= rl+= +-EtLltrf
51
E++^lE g€=
o ^JollXl =
trrolEa+LlEl
10

52
o zlzll= 7E-? +loloF -dtrt 10
O ,\FJollllts +^lol "Jg.oltrl

53 tee =J$ qt^tl

2OO4LJal 2O14Ll _EF 84LJ=01 7l€r ".Jol r"J6f= B+sl d401fltr|-. €ALJ 108
6 3E 01801 d40l gE:l +16]| cl=lll 6f=^l =^l|E
ztrJolz 9l= 7io-+. LlElHtrl.
-dtr 2004LJoll Hl6t| 2014Lloll= =+6t|0F
tH-d ItrJsl Hlgol E 3Ht| oldl +olfitrl. rtrJ=
^lgoll
Ollxl "+= rlg0l Ft?]xloil r|]d|l ztrJdl= /.lEol g.J7tt! zletr_ -H.?.!trf. E4Ll=01 ^l+!
4
tr, 7lxl E EH-d 016]|= Hl=Jo-+ rlg= dEj-=t + ?lE= "Je EEql "JQ-EF aol+. =tr|,
^l^!oll

54 tsg g9I qt^tl

'-_r^l gr= ++71=olLf= ?ig q€el /.fEl Tl= +alol gltrl. qdql= 7l= q
^lLl=
d ++7f LJol olLH= doll,t.l ^lLl= E.H.-L HEP H+oll,l.l =)telg= 6l= 23?71 Lj?tct. ralEjl
= "JEol ++71 Lrof gqql'J dLJ-=t + ?t= H.= A+71 Ejtrl. gFqat
^l=3 ^lLl
,tl6lg=J= E,\loll 6t|Lt|0F 6l= +=Jol gZ ,toltrl. 0la1-d +=g 'Jol=
^FJol ^fLl
8rl7l- g.trl-E
0l0l= fl^l ?J= E?l7l= 1l+ Ololtr +E+Oil fltrl. ^llE4 zl+ Eol^l4l
EJtrf. ^lal4EE ed3
*Jol^lE Lfol ^lE^aJxl =ttEEaol+. elE 7l=el g
=^lEol
deB tEel ?.!+7|. ^|aJe',=q=z = ^l=J8
?l7l rr]|Eoltrl. raJql EoJ- Edg =q-J LJ3 g= Er-+ g.rl.
t?lrl de =olLll'
eol 1^lZ= g6l|E gHJ4eE -t?]e EJP Bl6t| ",jg g= 617l= q
^|-aJtrJ=
aJ+. qalll ^l=Jol
l?.lsl +gF= 9{dt|,tl= Tde /.|-aJel EEol "J96|.tr|-. ^FJoll ,J? ?lol ral-zf ql
a|.r -g + ?lrf. Eie +gel g+= ="JE=
L|lcl t?]=g g=Oil _H.EJo| =J + fl
E= 6l= 101tr|.. olaj-d ^FJ=01 =trJE=oil
-FJr. r?l0l 4-9.E fl=6|.41 ag=J + ?t^l"J
6J3 HJ

r|TE EJ3 ^llE= ^FJ=01

4r -roJol .FJ9E E trl clalt= 4711 EJtrl. EE= = 4=ril .EE
E= ^PJ=01
Lre 0lrl0l g
rfelo; trlaHalr. + ?1tr1.. ^FJ3
= ^FJe ^lEl. ^l=tg
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1'1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
o @ O) @ @ @ rA @ @ c
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
ad e o @ @ @ @ ai A o
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
@ \?/ \z) o\ e) @ \4 /2\ o\ @

1 s,tlzJotl,rl A+= 6l"rl7f s.LlTtl ,\lzol rlgLlrl.

=HJ ^l.Jrt=
#2 0f7l= ?lLaf-r. +=01 ofEJrf= agLlrl.
=r =
3 s= E ^l-dP ^lzol ++6fzl LalE EEE qalfl+= ,i"JLlrf.

4 't+Oil
=rf6frf =
|;.al olnlzl Hl+-d ae 't+g Eolr[ gLlrl.

5 Lf€€, +gd=, tl^foJe ^f5^f= €B-=F ttH "J6l= ,i=gLltf.

*6 +at E=el Hl+-d ae
^4q =q"JLtrf.
7 +LH daf +4+ olqE H+ee += +4= alr|.|-d 6f= oHeJEEat -tsr7ll +
olL
aL =o L
rll=:]Eott
-llo4o ts-l
lrf
*l .
=qoF =01^f, =

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^faJ=E

*9 O l5z1-ol 7f^l0lrf. - rgzl-col F 7f^lgLlrf.

=+=
€) +7fegg 40km
^ll
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Z?_+c|- 4Okm trl"Jg Zgql +7f3"Je 40km nlU
I 'J+srl 4Okm 0l8g e"oll ^laJ-EtLltl. ^laJ6.lrl. -
@ -d HU € + ?t= -n.$21=-= ol€idfE
^l6fE
olEe7l -g?lEJtf. - -d H"J € # ?tts l.
ETIE= 0lE6tE olEE7f +7lEJLltrl.
^l6t=
10 o qflE HlEol +|fl.J HIEEE| rl --t If=J"l Hl€
=4= ^f=Jsl
0l +|fltrJ lf=Jsl HlEErl rl E+Llrf.^laJel =rl. =4= =Hl:ilE
@ L|.|Hlzlolcq dd €H= 7l= 8E-+ Hll+ &aJol 7ld 4rf. - LHHlllol,sol 7l= €E= El
+l €Ee Hfi+ /.FJol 7f:r-46LlLf.

3 8'J "! dl|€

 EJEoi tq ^lg

@ Sgrl 6 90% olgel r:doil^1 dee 7l7lE,Oll +a= il=^l g + ?lrl. - 8=J^l
d0ll^1 r:doe. 7l7l E}ll +a= fl=rl g + gl+Lltrl.
90% 0l8el ^FJol
= ^t=Jol

11 O 3+3= 8^l oFZ 7t|8= d]| frtrf. - e+Ae 8^l otZ T]|BE afl e.x| ?J9t+Lltrl. (e=
309+E1 +8= 11utl^l13grJ 3=A 0hz7|180l Tl=dEJtrl.)
@ 3+A 7HE ++Lt g8-EF + ?ltrl. - e+A 7H€t ++4 g8-el + g.+
^I?JEE ^l?JE?l
Ll+. (e+=! 0tz7|l8e EEI^I| -EEilfloll^l 7|l8 5$e +aJ flflg r{ildf+.)
7J+t -- ^lrJ
e+A "J8fle ?.!El'J! qEflE +rlldllot -el
@ "J8fl3 fl8Oil^l 4E +n|]6|J0F -dcl,
Lltrl.

12 @ eJrtel "JE9E= trJ^lel E= ^lB-* + Ettrl. - sJ^lel EEo_e-=. sJ^lel g= ilEel +

9l+Lltrh.
@ 9lEoll= drllE g:d= trlil= €EOl - ?lsf8 ilEoll dd EEol El^l Lr
Tlnl qrgLltrl.^leoil =clgltrl..
= E.al= ol.r.lz[ sJ^|-0il41 d& qE Fq-g El| LlEtutrl. 9]E Eal= ol{zf El^l0llll
@ elqF
7|-n|. qt= Fqg q ++L-JLltrl.
-

13 (tr|.) Ee ^{tdl^l Hl=Etr|.

=E=3
(7|-) ra|l^l +^z il|3E ++= aol a4-g +E 91tr|..
(al) dl^lEJ ollolZE =+rxlA4ge
L*3 t-E-+ 4? +8,'J'JE, q='2J71,
a== gez +^lLl^l4l
?ltrl.
^lEdl= ^lill
(Ll) qal^1 oilqze E=71d+ -d oIL|1E E= aol
^lz =trl.

14 (al) al.z 7lg=3 g+= r }tE|le. .€€-er= EJ7l.6l= 4+71Lr9ttrl.

(tr|-) 6l-^ltrJ == =E
7lg=01 Ll,'.l '+^l'= fl6tr 9l+.
(Ll) ^l=3S'= ttll= E+ gFlE
Etr E+7|. +71.= il86l7lE :ettrl.

(71.) 8E€01 E4-=21

^l€i6lE=
Hl+lr. ?l= c0ltrl.
=EcEtrl.= =^lElE^1

15 (Ll.) 6l= r++ ealEtr qd=01 EHZ +rlddoil +^1_r. 91tr|-.

(71-) ol^ltrJ +ol^l= .^l"J= g^lal7l tHtrl+olEf.
grlal=
(al) 0le ?.!6fl qd ^l+al
dg=o1 866|.= oplalLl-d 8+01 Eolrlr ?!+.
(trt) +^l0ll Ltd 8=J+ q€=01 Eq "J i1+ 50ll EH-d dg84= ++6tr. ?ltrl= 0H

7|tr|. =trJeE

16 rfel fluJ4o_+. olEEq *J= dE6lts ,8:doll g:*= Elr! ,ie olEol BHtrl 7l?71 e=+=
A"JLlrt.

17 += nHTl= -g tr|l= HE LloloJ= z|l=cl 7J2J= 71flil+r-1tr1. qalll -d 6|{01 47J= Hl

^l+!"1
-dtrlr
+eJ DHTI= -* + ?l+Lltrf.
= =0ll^l
18 gHJ+^lol HtaJol Eol g= Tlzl4l qol 91-dd0l 8=Jd +e Age 801|E0lLl ilal 501 Hol
gJ= rigLltrl.
^l

3El dtrJ "J 6||€

19 gc trJ7if^l= 5l^l Tleol +?,trf7f 4g Eoil 5!l^17lgol Eq.SqfiesE ( )oil= 'ralql'
)l a0l
=0171= ^fE^aJ+Llrf.

20 o pJ8 rf+57f7f trl6H= H?,trf.

- --- EJ3 7l+57f7f trl6|1= d"JgLlrl.
=E+?lE 3g0ilIl 4zE LJo17 fq Al^l =Tlgol '_fold
@ 3gollll A:J-.tr L+o17lq 4^J 7l8ol +olftrf.=E+?lE
+Llrf.
@'J6H qlU= +1"-l| Ifg Lf+ +E= ttt+6fzl 6f= ag ?Jrl. - 'J6H qlg= Pl"-H rfg
Ll+ +E= rrf=dlzl dl= ap Etol EJL|rl. =^l

21 "Jel EEH7|"+HJ,
.Jg, ++="J 5eE tfgFaHfi+Lltf.
=4
22 0l =J eEl|sl "J=ol 9!q+ Eg6fE^l LlElu Ha|o|l 4-d
=g =4 =gLlrf.
23 '=+, 'gul+' Efl +g^H= --r= ae 4rl?lzl oJ=+r -ito=_=. "J= rl +$|ofl Lf
EfU Lf ol d83 ':aALl71 4tr-d-Lll,. =E=

24 C trJ445 +4i4ol ol=Gl7f= EJ44g 4434 zJr-401 :Et7ll ol=oJ7l= AEg

Llrf. =Eoltf. -
@ Lf= =Ja1lu;50s EJ44 BE= E?ttr|. -_ +=J El4a1 AEE _H?t+Llrf.
@ Lf= EJ44 E9l7l0ll 43:.^.ttl. -=:Foill1
Lf= EJ4a1 E?lTloll 4
^13+El =+9 ^13oll= =+9
3"-l^l
=:?.[+Lltf.

25 €=JAE= E+Esl Tlqal gaFE Dl-l= tl +arel gEgLlrl.

^Jdfoil

26 Z€^lel dHelTl=o| el+cl= +^t-g + ?t= +l-d rl|tr= EZI ElflA|+.

=q+E^J ^f=Jol

27 gE^ Z€E ?.!6l| ,,Ugel +3ol egElr. ?ltf= a= '=A'olal= -trEo-=. LIEfLJ+Llrf.

28 gIdH Eolq q==el AA= E^j €tr|= ofo;o; Tlal? ,ie 'q++ 'Jtr=
==aE
,J= il'"JLlrl. =drf

29 SNS lfE^l7l ^e ol$aJ= ,l= SNS rfolol=1;-a

:doq ol= 'SNS olEaJ=
=ol=
71Ll !41= daldf='al TlaaLlLl. =ol

30 871 Frlef +E 4Eel 71501 ?lrlz :?HaLl+.

=E==
31 zf^fE +Afe U^ll TlaJ= Ll+ .FJol gq+= zlolzl ttt|Eoll 4tr61 35dfl. +4= +l
iLIjL
vt-t L
Lalnl
+--vt
El oStt trL
Lt . ^fE6lQ
=!Het

392 Chapter 3 3g "! "-HA

 iJEol ++
^lH

32 @ EJ4d9el EEg ol^laFJ^= Ht|=Eirl= aol+. * EJ^#?= ol^t+EJ^ Hl|=

'J4 E"l
7l ELltrl.
@ EJ4€3b aE-Ucl +xl= +'J^lu eE= Eo-ttrl. -_ EJ^df,ts 3€Etr+ zlHl zJszl E
+Lltrl.
EJ^d+= l zg grg dtrJoltrl.
@
fr 1OV"
717101
olAtel
Hll
rd!|ol ^l8sl^l
qlarELlrl. - d ^il1140,+ Et^#g ^lge E.J

33 @ ^ t1171,84= 1LJ 6
4-68^Fol0lltrJ ol+oldtrl. -_ ol E6H g + g.= LflEgLltrl.
@ 4lrllHlent|Tl= o]|ElEl 4-6i! 80ll r+Ee= == q!tl.
-- alrllul,Jn]|Tl= oflEltrl 7g Eoll +E
39 rEl'-JLltrl.
@ dfl7lLJ=e
^l€Elts
E^H=ol EE Eq=a ?,ttrl. - EETILJEE *ts q= E^H=ol fll
?l+Lltrl.
=q=r
34 O'#1016l+4'-s 7l+al +1= t+dt-t Aol+. * '#lol6l.+,t'g z[aol ol! El?]!+ +7j=
agLltrl.
=i8.-l=
@ en;r=3olLl trl,rllEH= EloJul +)1== EPEttl. 9n;,tgolLl trllllcHq= d=+ol
Ll+. - =rf
At

@ '+lqat+4'= 614l EIE €aJgolTt trl ++dflTltrl. ol g+

- =E
E6|{ H,= LHEoJLltrl.

35 HlETt+= Hl=Et 7l+rllE9 Ea|-O| Et|6t| gal ll4se traJ E|Eel oJ^lE Alt6l T1|d6t|ot -d
Elr o-l-r. ?l+Lltrl.

36 4^1171olai+lrlE qd=el '\71E ?Jol7l6rolT.!tr|.= +€el olFF qal sJEoil,,.l x1|^16lr ?i+
Lltrl.

37 4lA €=otl^l -e= clalt= olrl= Ed;1 61=61a1= ae q.aJ^H 6tLloJLltrl.

=+Eel =Ar =
38 ?l^l g= oJ^lg E47l^e) gttrl= Eoil^l €sjs7 t EaLt+.
=iH ^14=J. ^lg=
39 <-ezt>= '61^l"J'olal= EE= rJ^l FE oJ=llol Tl5o-l^l grp e+= LIEILJ ,le_e FE gl
7|-5-J e+= LlElL.! Egel HIE Fl0ll 9=
=}!ol 'tol ^l_E4aJ+Lltrf.
40 <ezt>= HJalz EEE=^j|Oil r|16|] €BEl aeE 'EE +lE='olat= "Jg trJ +ill4-e.E €
E6l7l ?ldt| eoil 9= ,l0l 4tr-EtLltrl. =

41 (H2115 ?its:.c11s"1 E+g EotEolal= r]|toe LI|:EF4?.! d4g_e ?ldtl utl

^l7laol 4tr-crLltrl.
rl^l gal= "J trl8oll 9= ^l7luldloil

42 rlgdl 80il^l H.oltl EZol g.= aE e-:z Z6rol pt_E6l-r. ?t+Lltrt.

=alq

351 8'J "J 6'tl€

43 euJtre A'J qlE 7l7J= At4iltf. - 0l E6|] "J + g.= LHEoJLltl.
€) Ll= |_Jtral el=oil^l €?tE 401 ?trf. -==
Lf= .Jtraf d=q--J
@ E=J 4fl3 gcl elel trf= EGI= "J6l^l -_ 0l 5dt|=OlflaLlq.
g + fi.= LHEgLltl.
=-dtf. ==
44 tle lLl9 #0ll tHHlolTl ?ldl| 'E€'= 7l=atr gl8g €Z16l.= UEg ga1+=
o tt lrL
H-t -t .
=e6llTl =

45 EE TltH+Eol U= trl^l ol+ 7JJ6l71l rlLH= ,t.lTloll tfl-d 71^la- ?ltf-z -g

.^ olAt
-T- atl"l
lrl
"l .
=qLlts =9dE

46 ult.te? tr^fef +^117|- Ejtloil qr ?lol E+oil^l B€ rl qt=6|.71

-E
:i{+r -g + ?t+Lltl. ^fEAf =e=01 ^1.88^l=

47 e ^|-883 E4se +!lElr. zH"J40-e E|E-EF + ?tE= sJal E=-=

?itrf. - ^lE8^l=
zl|

€:drf= zleE Hol n= 7x1l rt|d|o_e E + g.6Llrf.

@
^fEefg
HlEe Et|€|Erf= ut^loJ ald:Erl= Hluftrf. --- H|ES nHefolLf -J=.J PJ
^lEselgt! aJ -slLl tf .
^fEefg
^lHtf 6f7l^l
@ ?l6H^l= EE9 trxl= Zxl^l LrolE EJtf. --* Eil dfTl ?l6H^l= 7/l
^fE8=
+Ee tr^lel +^ll= Z^loFoJ -cr-Lltl. ^fE8=

48 =J^l= 0l Eidl| EFTI :d ElSo_=. Et--JEl= -Lr trl.JoJ -sf+el 8fl=aE galr ?l
r l-l
tl -t -t.
== =rllel

49 7l=el ELlol _FJe ?.!fl01 EEdl.E ++4oJ "Jol.-J + ?lrl= aolfl+E gEZ 8flotl
ral-d g0l flflaLl+. ^fEH7f
^l=
50 -ailzl= ^l+rl -9J= + ?130ilE E+6fr E^j ?tzl i!€alzf^l -d 8flEElE €z1l Ez 9l6Lltrl.

Chapter 3 E'J "! 6l|€