Input-Direct and Indirect Speech

Professional Input
D
C
A
E
B
F
Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

A
D
C
E
B
F
Why?
In what way you give information about how
people say?

A
D
C
E
B
F
Why?
Oftentimes, we want to pass messages to others.
But, we have to consider ways to report what
someone says or thinks.

Statement 1: Statement 2:
The doctor said, “You must The doctor said I must lose some
lose some weight.” weight.
Step 1: Step 3:
A
B
D
C
E
F
Step 2:
Have you noticed the difference between

Let us look at the following
the statements of the speaker?
conversations.

Statement 1: Statement 2:
The doctor said, “You must The doctor said I must lose some
lose some weight.” weight.
B
D
C
A
E
F
While, the second statement, the speaker

In the first statement, the speaker
REPORTED THE MESSAGE.
relays the DIRECT MESSAGE.

Direct
Speech
and
D
A
E
B
F
Indirect
Speech
How?
• Direct Speech shows a

Examples and
person’s exact words.
A
Illustrations:
B
D
• Quotation marks (‘’”) are • Student A said,

signs that the words are the “Where are you
EXACT words that a studying?”
person used. • Student B replied.
“I’m studying at
Sto, Nino
Diocesan School.”
How?
• Indirect Speech also called

Examples and
Reported speech, puts the
D
A
Illustrations:
B
speaker’s words or ideas into a • Student A asked
sentence without quotation Student B where
marks. he was studying.
• In reported speech, the reader • Student B said that
does not assume that the words he was studying at
are the speaker’s exact words; Sto. Nino
often, they are a paraphrase of Diocesan School.
the speaker’s words.
NOT
Ethe following sentences:
Consider
D
C
A
B
E
Direct Speech: She says, “I am a little bit nervous.”

Indirect Speech: She says that she is a little bit
nervous.

NOT
Now consider the different grammatical aspects of both.
E
Reporting Speech: The first part in the direct speech is
called reporting speech.
D
C
A
E
B
Reported Speech: The second part of the sentence, which is
closed in inverted commas or quotation marks, is called
reported speech.
Reporting Verb: The verb of the reporting speech is called
the reporting verb.
Reported Verb: The verb of the reported speech is called the
reported verb.
NOT
Use of E
the word- THAT is optional in reported
D
C
A
B
E
speech. Both of the following sentences are

correct:
The student said that he was sick.
The student said he was sick.

02
Changes in
03
Verbs Changes in
Tenses
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
BASIC RULES IN
01
DIRECT AND
Changes in Persons of
INDIRECT
Pronouns
SPEECH
1st Person pronouns in reported speech are
always changed according to the subject of
the reporting speech.
2nd Person pronouns in reported speech are
always changed according to the object of
the reporting speech.
3rd Person pronouns in reported
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V
I.
speech are not changed.
BASIC RULES IN
01
DIRECT AND
INDIRECT
Pronouns
SPEECH
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
01 RULES IN DIRECT AND
BASIC
Changes in Persons
INDIRECT of
SPEECH
Pronouns
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
01
BASIC RULES IN DIRECT AND
Pronouns
INDIRECT SPEECH
1st Person pronouns in reported speech are always
changed according to the subject of the reporting
speech.
Direct Speech: She says, “I am a little bit nervous.”
Indirect Speech: She says that she is a little bit
nervous.
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
BASIC RULES IN
01
DIRECT AND
INDIRECT
Pronouns
SPEECH
2nd Person pronouns in reported speech are always
changed according to the object of the reporting speech.
Direct Speech: You say, “I shall visit London.”
Indirect Speech: You say that you will visit London.
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
BASIC RULES IN
01
DIRECT AND
INDIRECT
Pronouns
SPEECH
3rd Person pronouns in reported speech are not changed.
Direct Speech: They said, “They take exercise every
day.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they took exercise
every day.
III.
IV.
VI
II.
V.
I.
BASIC RULES IN
01
DIRECT AND
INDIRECT
Pronouns
SPEECH
02
Changes in
Verb
If the reporting speech is in present tense or
future tense, then no change is required to be
made in the verb of reported speech. This verb
could be in any tense i.e., present, past, or
future. For example:
Direct Speech: He says, “I am ill.”
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
Indirect Speech: He says that he is ill.
03
Changes
in Tenses BASIC RULES IN
DIRECT AND
INDIRECT
DIRECT SPEECH → INDIRECT SPEECH
simple present 02
simple past
He said, "I go to school → HeChanges in
said (that) he went to
every day." school every day.
Verbs
past perfect
simple past
He said (that) he had
Changes in Tenses
He said, "I went to →
gone to school every
school every day."
day.
past perfect
present perfect
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
He said, "I have gone to →
V.
I.
gone to school every
school every day."
day.
past progressive
present progressive
He said (that) he was
03
He said, "I am going to →

going to school every
school every day."
day.
perfect progressive
past progressive
He said, "I was going to →
been going to school
school every day."
every day,
02
Changes in
Verbs
Changes in Tenses
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
03

02
Changes in
Verbs
Changes in Tenses
III.
VI.
IV.
II.
V.
I.
03

Imperative Exclamator
Sentences y Sentences
2 4
iii
iv
ii
v
i
1 3 5
Assertive Interrogativ Optative
Sentences e Sentences Sentences

Assertive Sentences
Sentences that make a statement are called
assertive sentences. These sentences may
be positive, negative, false, or true
1
iii
vi
iv
ii
v
i
statements.
Direct Speech: She says, “I am writing a

letter to my brother.”
Indirect Speech: She says that she is
writing a letter to her brother.

2
Imperative
Sentences
Imperative sentences are sentences that give
an order or a direct command. These sentences
may be in the shape of advice, entreaty,
iii
vi
iv
ii
v
i
request, or order.
For example:
Shut the door!
Please shut the door.
Repair the door by tomorrow!

2
Imperative
Sentences
The reporting verb is changed according to
reported speech into order in case the sentence
gives a direct command. For example:
iii
vi
iv
ii
v
i
Direct Speech: The teacher said to me, “Shut
the door.”
Indirect Speech: The teacher ordered me to
shut the door.

Interrogative
Sentences
Those sentences, which ask
questions, are called interrogative
3
iii
vi
iv
ii
v
i
sentences. Every interrogative
sentence ends at a sign of
interrogation.
For example:
Do you live here?
Have you ever watched
Terminator III movie?

The reporting verb said to is changed into
asked.
• If the reporting speech is having the
reporting verb at it its start, then if is
used in place of that. Interrogative
• If the reporting speech is having Sentences
interrogative words like who, when,
how, why, when then neither if is used
nor any other word is added.
iii
vi
iv
ii
v
i
• A full stop is placed at the end of the
sentence instead of a mark of
interrogation.
3

Interrogative
Sentences
iii
vi
iv
ii
v
i
3

Exclamator
y Sentences
Those sentences, which express our feelings
and emotions, are called exclamatory
sentences. Mark of exclamation is used at the
4
iii
iv
v
ii
i
end of an exclamatory sentence.
For example:
Hurray! We have won the match.

Alas! He failed in the test.
How beautiful that dog is!

Exclamator
y Sentences
iii
iv
ii
v
i
Those sentences, which express hope, prayer,
or wish, are called optative sentences. Usually,
there is a mark of exclamation at the end of
optative sentence.
For example:
iii
iv
May you succeed in the test!
ii
i
May you get well soon!
5
Optative
Sentences

iii
iv
ii
i
5
Optative
Sentences

Reference:
Muhammand Raqiz (2014): Retrieved from https://
owlcation.com/humanities/Indirect-Speech


Input-Direct and Indirect Speech

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Input-Direct and Indirect Speech

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Professional Input

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Have you noticed the difference between

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

While, the second statement, the speaker

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

• Direct Speech shows a

• Quotation marks (‘’”) are • Student A said,

• Indirect Speech also called

Direct Speech: She says, “I am a little bit nervous.”

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

speech. Both of the following sentences are

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

He said, "I am going to →

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Direct Speech: She says, “I am writing a

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Hurray! We have won the match.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

Presenter: Ms. Alfaro, April Joy B.

You might also like