TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP - TIẾNG ANH 9

A- THEORY
I/ TENSES:
1. The present simple tense: (Thì hiện tại đơn)
(+) S + V/V_S/ES
( -) S + don’t/doesn’t + V
(?) Do/Does + S + V?
TO BE:
S + am/is/are
Signal words: every/always/usually/often/frequently/sometimes/occasionally/rarely/never
 Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động lặp đi lặp lại.
Ex: Mary usually goes to school by bus.
 Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý.
Ex: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
The earth is round.
 Diễn tả hành động diễn ra theo thời khóa biểu, thời gian biểu.
Ex: The train leaves Hanoi at 9 a.m and arrrives in Hue at 7 p.m.
What time does the film begin?
* Quy tắc chia động từ đối với ngôi thứ 3 số ít:
- Động từ tận cùng là O, Z, S, X, CH, SH => ta thêm ES
Ex: go => goes watch => watches pass => passes
- Động từ tận cùng là phụ âm + Y => đổi Y thành I rồi thêm ES
Ex: try => tries carry => carries hurry => hurries
- Động từ tận cùng là nguyên âm + Y => ta thêm S
Ex: stay => stays enjoy => enjoys
- Các trường hợp còn lại, ta chỉ việc thêm S.
Ex: work => works sit => sits
*** Không được thêm S / ES vào động từ trong câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn!

2. The present progressive tense: (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)

(+) S + is / am / are + V-ing

Signal words: now, at the present, at the moment, at this time, today, this month/year…
 Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra ngay lúc nói.
Ex: The children are playing football on the yard now.
Diane is studying English at the moment.
 Diễn tả một hành động nói chung đang diễn ra nhưng không nhất thiết phải thực sự
diễn ra ngay lúc nói.
Ex: Tommy is writing a novel this month.
She is working for Microsoft.
 Diễn tả một dự định, kế hoạch trong tương lai (thường có các trạng từ chỉ tương lai đi kèm).
Ex: He is coming back tomorrow.
We are flying to New York tonight.
 Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại gây bực mình hay khó chịu cho người nói (thường
được dùng kèm với các trạng từ always, continually, constantly).
Ex: He is always losing his keys.
I’m continually making silly mistakes.
 QUY TẮC THÊM –ING:
Động từ tận cùng bằng "e" bỏ "e" thêm "ing"
love => loving
take => taking
write => writing
Động từ tận cùng là "ee" giữ nguyên và thêm "ing"
agree => agreeing
see => seeing
Khi động từ tận cùng là một nguyên âm + phụ âm => gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm "ing"
stop => stopping
run => running
Động từ có 2 âm tiết và trọng âm nằm ở âm tiết thứ 2, gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm "ing"
begin => beginning
prefer => preferring
Động từ tận cùng là “ie” => đổi “ie” thành “y” rồi thêm “ing”
lie => lying
die => dying
 CHÚ Ý: không gấp đôi các phụ âm: x, y, w
plow => plowing
play => playing
fix => fixing
3. The future simple tense: (Thì tương lai đơn)
(+) S + will + V
(- ) S + won’t + V
(?) Will + S + V?
Signal words: tonight, tomorrow, next (week/month/year…), soon, someday…
 Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
Ex: I will be in Nha Trang next week.
They won’t come here tomorrow.
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 Diễn tả một sự chắc chắn, một dự đoán về một sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
Ex: I’m sure he will come back soon.
Tom won’t pass the examination. He hasn’t worked hard enough for it.
 Diễn tả một lời hứa, một lời đe dọa.
Ex: I’ll call you tomorrow.
Don’t worry, I won’t tell anyone your secret.
 Diễn tả một quyết định tức thì.
Ex: I’m tired. I’ll go to bed now.
4. The past simple tense (Thì quá khứ đơn)
(+) S + V_2/ED
(- ) S + didn’t + V
(?) Did + S + V?
TO BE: S + was / were (I/He/She/It + was)
(You/We/They + were)
Signal words: yesterday, last (week/month/year…), ago, in 2007 ...
 Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ có thời gian xác định rõ ràng.
Ex: We bought this house in 1999.
Tom went to Paris last semester.
 Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên trong quá khứ.
Ex: When he lived in Vung Tau, he often went swimming.
 Diễn tả một loạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.
Ex: When I saw the accident, I stopped the car and called the police.
 QUY TẮC THÊM -ED
 Động từ tận cùng là "e" hoặc "ee" chỉ cần thêm "-d"
live => lived
agree => agreed
 Động từ có 1 âm tiết, tận cùng bằng một nguyên âm + một phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y) =>
gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm "–ed"
fit => fitted
stop => stopped
 Động từ có 2 âm tiết và dấu nhấn ở âm cuối => gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm "–ed":
permit => permitted
prefer => preferred
 Động từ tận cùng bằng phụ âm "y" ta chia ra 2 trường hợp:
+ trước y là phụ âm, đổi "y" thành "i" và thêm "ed"
study => studied
+ trước "y" là nguyên âm giữ nguyên và thêm "ed"
play => played
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5. The past progressive tense: (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
(+) S + was / were + V-ing

 Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ.
Ex: My father was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.
What were you doing at this time yesterday?
 Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một quãng thời gian ở quá khứ.
Ex: Yesterday, Anne was practicing the piano all the evening.
What were you doing from 7 p.m to 9 p.m yesterday?
 Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác chen vào.
Ex: When I came yesterday, he was sleeping.
Tom was sitting in a cafeé when I saw him.
While Robert was playing football, he broke his leg.
 Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động diễn ra đồng thời trong quá khứ.
Ex: Last night my mother was cooking dinner while my father was watching TV.
6. The present perfect tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
(+) S + have/ has + V_3/ED

Signal words: - since, for

- just, lately, recently, already, up to/till now, so far
- ever (before), never (before), (not) … yet,
- the first/second time, several times, many times…
 Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
Ex: I have seen my old friend in the street.
She has just graduated from university.
 Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, không xác định rõ về thời gian.
Ex: I have already seen this film.
 Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ex: Mary has lived in this town for ten years.
Dennis has written 50 books so far.
 Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ và có thể được lặp đi lặp lại.
Ex: Susan really loves that film. She has seen it eight times so far.
 Thì HTHT còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ thời gian chưa hoàn tất (đối với lúc nói)
như: today, this week, this month, this year…
- Ex: I’ve visited Hanoi three times this year.
Today, Thomas has had four accidents at work.
6. Near future: Be going to (sắp, sẽ, dự định)
S + am/is/are + going + to + V

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- Diễn tả một dự định sẽ được thực hiện trong tương lai gần.
Ex: We are going to see a movie tonight.
She is going to study abroad next year.
7. Modal verbs (đoộộ ng từừ tìừnh thaé i, đoộộ ng từừ khieế m khuyeế t)
S + can/could/may/might/must/should/would/have to/ought to + V

II. PASSIVE VOICE

1) Active into Passive rule:
Active: S + V + O

Passive: S + be + V-3/ED + (by + O)

* Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “BE” của câu bị động phải chia ở thì đó.
- Khi ta không xem người thực hiện hành động là quan trọng, thì “by + O” có thể bỏ đi.
Ex: by people, by someone/somebody, by no one, by them
A. PRESENT SIMPLE
Active: She cleans the floor everyday.
(S + V / V-s/es...)
Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
(S + am/is/are/ +V-3/ed...)
Exercise: Change the following sentences into PASSIVE VOICE
1. Vietnamese women usually wear the ao dai on special occasions.
 ____________________________________________________________________
2. The boy helps Mr. Parker on the farm on weekends.
 ____________________________________________________________________
3. Does Mr. Tuan grow maize?
 ____________________________________________________________________
4. She doesn't practise English every day.
 ____________________________________________________________________
5. They sells jeans all over the world.
 ____________________________________________________________________
B. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: (S + am/ is/ are + being + V-3/ed...)
Mr.Baker is repairing the car
Passive: The car is being repaired by Mr Baker.
Exercise: Change the following sentences into PASSIVE VOICE
1. They are reading a book at the moment.
_______________________________________________________________
2. The children are drawing a picture now.
_______________________________________________________________
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 3. Is Tom playing the pinao in his room now?
_______________________________________________________________
4. My grandma isn't watching the weather forecast at present.
_______________________________________________________________
5. What are these people looking for?
_______________________________________________________________
C. PRESENT PERFECT
Active: Someone has stolen the bicycles. (S+ has/have + V-3/ED...)
Passive: The bicycles have been stolen. (S+ has/have + been + V-3/ED...)
Exercise: Change the following sentences into PASSIVE VOICE
1. I have already sent the postcard.
_______________________________________________________________
2. How long have you studied English?
_______________________________________________________________
3. Have Liz and Alice ever eaten Vietnamese food yet?
_______________________________________________________________
4. They haven't seen him since last week.
_______________________________________________________________
5. The plumber has checked the pipes.
_______________________________________________________________
D. PAST SIMPLE
Where did they find the drugs? (S + V-2/ED)
Passive: Where were the drugs found? (S+ was/ were + V-3/ED…)
Exercise: Change the following sentences into PASSIVE VOICE
1. They make a cake last night.
_______________________________________________________________
2. We didn't remember his name.
_______________________________________________________________
3. What did Ba see on the mountain?
_______________________________________________________________
4. Did you study English yesterday?
_______________________________________________________________
5. She asked me a lot of questions.
_______________________________________________________________
E. PAST PROGRESSIVE: (S + was/ were + being + V-3/ED...)
Active: They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday.
Passive: Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.

F. PAST PERFECT:
Active: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. (S+ had + V-3/ED...)
Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + V-3/ED...)
G. MODAL VERBS:
Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might, must, have to, be going to, used to,...
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Active: S + will/would/shall/should... + V + O
Passive: S + will/would/shall/should... + be + V-3/ED (+ by O)
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs.
Passive: The drugs will be destroyed by police.
Exercise: Change into passive voice
1. They will build a new bridge next year.
…………………………………………………………………….……
2. Will you buy the brown shorts?
………………………………………………………………………….
3. We won't invite them to our party.
…………………………………………………………………..…….
4. Mr. White will see you tomorrow.
………………………………………………………………………….
5. I am going to repair the broken chair.
………………………………………………………………………….
2) SPECIAL PASSIVE STRUCTURES:
 Passive voice with reporting verbs (moộộ t soế daộ ng caộ u biộ đoộộ ng coé đoộộ ng từừ từờừng thuaộộ t)
REPORTING VERBS: say - believe - think - consider - know - suppose - suspect - rumour - declare
Active: S1 + say/believe/think ... that + S2 + V + ...
Passive:
Caé ch 1: It + is + said/believed/thought… that+ S2 + V ...
Caé ch 2: S2+ is + said/believed/thought + to V ...
Ex: People say that he is crazy.
Passive: It is said that he is crazy.
He is said to be crazy.
 Negative:
Ex1: No one has cleaned the floor lately.
Passive: The floor hasn’t been cleaned lately
Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it.
Passive: Nothing was done about it.
 Who + V + object ...?
Passive: - By whom...? OR: Who ... by?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
Passive:
By whom was this novel written?
Who was this novel written by?
 It + be + adjective + to V + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V-3/ed
Ex: It is important to finish this exercise.
It is important for this exercise to be finished.

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 V + Object
Passive: Let + object + be + V-3/ed
S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ ... + to V
Ex1: Please open the door -> Let the door be opened
Ex2: Turn on the light -> You are supposed to turn on the light.
 Causative Form (Câu truyền khiến / nhờ vả)
Active: She + have + sb+ V + sth / - S + get + sb + to V + sth
Passive: S + have/get+ sth + V-3/ED
Ex1: She has had someone repaint the car. => She has had the car repainted.
Ex2: They got me to do the housework. => They got the housework done.
III. WISH
S + wish(es) + S + V2/ED (be ---> were)
Ex: I wish I were taller.
She wishes she had a lot of friends.
Exercise: Write wishes in these situations.
1. You play volleyball badly.
 I ………………………………………………………………
2. Lan can't ride a motorbike.
 Lan …………………………………………………………
3. There aren't any mountains in your hometown.
 I ……………………………………………………………..
4. You don't remember your friend's telephone number.
 I ……………………………………………………………..
5. Your friends won't come to your birthday party.
 I …………………………………………………………….
6. Nam doesn't have a computer.
 Nam ………………………………………………………
IV. RELATIVE CLAUSES (ADJECTIVE CLAUSES)
Mệnh đề quan hệ / mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một
mình).
Nó bắt đầu bằng:
a. relative pronouns (đaộ i từừ quan heộộ ): WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.
b relative adverbs (traộ ng từừ lieộ n heộộ ): WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything.
Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing.
1) WHO
* Thay cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một chủ từ/ tân ngữ (Subject/ Object).
Ex1: (subject) The man has met your boss. He comes from Italy.
→ The man who comes from Italy has met your boss.

Ex2: (object) We have met the girl. She studies in the shool.
→ We have met the girl who studies in the school.
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2) WHOM
* Thay cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một tân ngữ (object).
Ex1: (object) We like the man. You talked to him yesterday.
We like the man whom you talked to yesterday

Ex2: (object) Is that the man? You have been waiting for him.
Is that the man whom you have been waiting for?
3) WHOSE
* Thay thế cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases)
* Xuất hiện trong hai cấu trúc.
- .... noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb
- .... noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + subject + verb
Ex1: The girl looks disaV-3/edoited. Her examination result its so bad.
The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disaV-3/edointed.

Ex2: That is the girl. I took her hat by mistake yesterday.

That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday.
4) WHICH
* Thay thế cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ vật / sự vật / sự việc.
* Có thể làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ.
Ex1: She show me the table. It was made by her father.
She shows me the table which was made by her father.
Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr. Tan bought it last month.
Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month?
Note: “Which” có thể dùng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/and that)
Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs. Green worried.
Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs. Green worried.
5) WHERE
* Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place...)
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc:
... noun/ pronoun (= a place) + where + subject + verb ...
Ex: We visit the hospital. We were born there/in that hospital.
We visit the hospital where we were born.
6) WHEN
* Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ chỉ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year...)
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc:
... noun / pronoun (= time) + when + subject + verb ...
Ex: She will never forget the day. She first met him on that day.
She will never forget the day when she first met him.
Bảng tóm tắt:

Subject people  who / that

Subject and object things  which / that
Object people  whom / that
Possessive people /things  whose
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Exercise: Combine these sentences, using relative clauses
1. Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991. Mount Pinatubo is a volcano in the Philippines.
....................................................................................................................................................................................
2. What is the name of the boy? The boy is standing next to your uncle.
....................................................................................................................................................................................
3. Liz looks very sad. Liz's team has lost the game.
....................................................................................................................................................................................
4. We will soon gather at the village. The festival is taking place in the village.
....................................................................................................................................................................................
5.Tomorrow, I will invite my old friend to our party. You met her at the bus station 2 days ago.
....................................................................................................................................................................................
6. We are going to visit Ha Long Bay. Some of our relatives are living there.
....................................................................................................................................................................................

V. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1) Caộ u đieề u kieộộ n loaộ i I: đieề u kieộộ n coé theể xaả y ra ờả hieộộ n taộ i hoaặộ c từờng lai
If clause Main clause
Present simple Future simple / Modal + V
If the weather is bad tonight, we won’t go to the movies.
If she doesn’t hurry, she will miss the bus.

Notes: - Ta coé theể sừả duộ ng meộộ nh leộộ nh ờả meộộ nh đeề chìénh. Ex: If you drink, don’t drive
- Ta coé theể sừả duộ ng “should” ờả meộộ nh đeề đieề u kieộộ n đeể toả yé nghi ngờừ.
Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back.
- Daộ ng rué t goộ n ờả meộộ nh đeề đieề u kieộộ n (if possible, if necessary, if so...)
Ex: If necessary, I will help you.
-Ta coé theể sừả duộ ng daộ ng meộộ nh leộộ nh đeể thay cho meộộ nh đeề chìả đieề u kieộộ n.
Trong trừờừng hờộp naừ y, giừữa hai meộộ nh đeề thừờừng coé caé c lieộ n từừ nhừ sau: and, or, else,
otherwise.

2) Caộ u đieề u kieộộ n loaộ i II: đieề u kieộộ n khoộ ng coé thaộộ t hoaặộ c khoộ ng xaả y ra ờả hieộộ n taộ i
If clause Main clause
Past subjunctive Future in the past
(V2/ED/WERE) (WOULD / COULD + V)
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
If I saw a UFO, I would take some photos of it.
If I knew French, I could live in France.

Note: ‘If I were you/I were in your position’ đừờộc sừả duộ ng đeể khuyeộ n nhuả .
Ex: If I were you, I would accept the invitation (= You should accept the invitation).

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VI: GERUND: (Danh động từ)
The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a preposition
(danh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ ngữ, bổ từ, túc từ của một động từ, hay túc từ của
một giới từ)...
Ex1: Seeing is believing (S= gerund)
Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music (complement = gerund)
Ex3: They have finished doing exercises (object = gerund)
Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)
Note: Danh đoộộ ng từừ theo sau caé c đoộộ ng từừ nhừ:
admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, fancy, finish, imagine, like,
love, mention, mind, postpone, practise, prefer, suggest, can’t
help/stand/bear...
Lừu yé caé ch sừả duộ ng cuả a caé c đoộộ ng từừ:
• Forget + to-V: queộ n (seữ / phaả i) laừ m moộộ t vieộộ c gìừ (chừa laừ m)
≠Forget + V-ing: queộ n moộộ t vieộộ c đaữ laừ m (đaữ laừ m)
Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six.
Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving.
• Remember + to-V: nhờé phaả i laừ m moộộ t vieộộ c gìừ đoé trong từờng lai (chừa laừ m)
≠Remember + V-ing: nhờé đaữ laừ m moộộ t vieộộ c gìừ đoé roề i (đaữ laừ m)
Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together.
Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday.
• Regret + to-V: laế y laừ m tieế c veề moộộ t vieộộ c saắ p thoộ ng baé o (saắ p laừ m)
• Regret + V-ing: hoế i tieế c veề moộộ t vieộộ c đaữ laừ m (đaữ laừ m)
• Stop + to-V: dừừng (moộộ t vieộộ c) laộ i đeể laừ m (1 vieộộ c khaé c);
≠Stop + V- ing: dừừng laừ m moộộ t vieộộ c gìừ.
Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stoV-3/eded to greet him
Ex2: The teacher asked us to stop talking
• Need + to- V: caề n laừ m gìừ (active);
≠Need + V-ing: caề n đừờộc (passive)
Ex1: We need to repair the car.
Ex2: The car needs repairing.
- Lừu yé caế u trué c:
 S + spend + time/money + V-ing .... = It + takes + sb + time/money + to-V
VII: CLAUSES OF REASON
+ Mệnh đề chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ lý do như BECAUSE, AS,
SINCE. Ba chữ này đều có nghĩa vì, bởi vì nhưng cách dùng khác nhau.
Vìé duộ :

a) Because
- Because he was sleepy, he went to bed. (= He went to bed because he was sleepy.)
Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Tuy nhiên phải chú
ý nếu mệnh đề phụ đi trước phải có dấu phảy (,) ngăn cách nó với mênh đề chính.
b) As
- As she was free, she came to see me. (Vìừ coộ aế y raả nh roỗ i, coộ aế y đeế n thaặ m toộ i.)
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c) Since
- Since he doesn’t like music, he never goes to the concert.
(Vìừ anh aế y khoộ ng thìéch nhaộ c, anh aế y khoộ ng bao giờừ đi xem hoaừ nhaộ c.)
Mệnh đề since và as luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính.
b) So/As Long As
- As long as (So long as) you’re not busy. Can you help me?
(Vìừ baộ n khoộ ng baộộ n roộộ n, baộ n coé theể giué p toộ i?)
+ Ngoaừ i caé c lieộ n từừ phuộ thuoộộ c (Subordinating Conjuctions) nhừ Because, Since, As, As long
as, ... chué ng ta coừ n moộộ t lieộ n từừ keế t hờộp (Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chìả lyé do.
* Liên từ kết hợp là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) và không dùng ở
đầu câu.
Ex: I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam.
(Toộ i goộ i đieộộ n cho coộ aế y vìừ toộ i muoế n noé i vờéi coộ aế y veề kyừ thi cuả a coộ aế y.)
+ Mệnh đề chỉ lý do còn có thể đổi ra cụm từ chỉ lý do (phrases of reason) với because of
hoặc due to.
Vìé duộ : - Because the weather was cold, we stayed home.
→ Because of the cold weather, we stayed home.
→ Due to the cold weather, we stayed home.
(Vìừ thờừi tieế t laộ nh, chué ng toộ i đaữ ờả nhaừ .)
d) Because / Because of: đều có nghĩa là bởi vì nhưng chúng được dùng với cấu trúc khác nhau.
a) Because laừ moộộ t lieộ n từừ (Conjunction), theo sau noé laừ moộộ t meộộ nh đeề (Clause).
Ex: - Because the traffic was heavy, we were late for the meeting.
b) Because of laừ cuộ m giờéi từừ, theo sau noé laừ moộộ t cuộ m danh từừ (noun phrase)
Ex: - Because of the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting.
VIII. REPORTED SPEECH:
1. Commands: S + asked / told + O + (not) to V
"Read loudly, please" the teacher said to me.
The teacher asked / told me to read loudly.
He said to her, "Don't touch that".
He asked / told her not to touch that.
2. Requests: S + asked / told + O + (not) to V
"Can you help me with the homework?" Nam said to Lan.
 Nam asked / told Lan to help him with the homework.
3. Advice: S + said / told + S + should + V
S + advised + S + to V
The teacher said to Tim "you should study harder."
 The teacher said Tim should study harder.
Or: The teacher told Tim that he should study harder.
Or: The teacher advised Tim to study harder.

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4. Statements: S + said + (that) + S + V-lùi thì

Direct speech Reported speech

can / may could / might
must had to
this that
these those
here there
now then
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the following day / the next day
next week/month/year the following week/month/year
yesterday the day before / the previous day
last week/month/year the week/month/year before
ago before

Ex: He said, "I must leave now"

 He said he had to leave then.
5. Yes / No questions: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V_lùi thì
"Do you know Hoi An, Ba?", Nhi said.
 Nhi asked Ba if he knew Hoi An.
6. Wh- questions: S + asked + O + wh-word + S + V-lùi thì
"How do you learn English, Nhi?", Minh said.
 Minh asked Nhi how she learned English.
She said to me, "What is your name?"
 She asked me what my name was.
Exercise: Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. My friend said to me, "Do you wear skirts?"
 My friend…………………………………………………………………………..
2. The teacher said to me, "How many people are there in your family?"
 The teacher………………………………………………………………………
3. "Can you drive faster?", I said to him.
 I asked …………………………………………………………………………..
4. They said to me, "Why do you like wearing baggy pants?"
 They asked me…………………………………………………………………..
5. She said to them, "Don't make noise when the teacher is talking".
 She told……………………………………………………………………………
6. "Have you ever been to the USA, Nga?", Nam said
 Nam asked ………………………………………………………………………..
7. "Please give Tom this letter for me.", he said to me.
 He told……………………………………………………………………………
8. "We will have an exam tomorrow", they said.
 They………………………………………………………………………………..
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9. " Can you speak Vietnamese, Liz?", Ba asked.
 Ba…………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Maryam said, "I am having a wonderful time here."
 Maryam……………………………………………………………………………
IX. QUESTION TAGS:
S + V (positive),  negative?
You like watching sports, don't you?
Your brother was born in 1990, wasn't he?
They don't watch TV, do they?
 Some special question tags:
I am right, aren't I? Let's go, shall we?
You have to go, don't you? He'd better do it, hadn't he?
I have been answering,haven't I? Everyone is present, aren’t they?
Nothing came in the post,did it? Open the door, will you?

Some negative statements positive tag

He never came again, did he?
She can rarely come these days, can she?
You hardly ever came late, did you?
I barely know you, do I?
You would scarcely expect her to know that, would you?
Exercise: Complete these tag questions.
1. You can speak English, ……………………….?
2. Lan is a student, ………………………?
3. He doesn't like music, …………………………?
4. Mrs. Hanh didn't visit you yesterday,………………………?
5. You haven't seen a UFO, ……………………..?
6. Viet Nam is in South East Asia, ……………………….?
7. Tam was here last night, ……………………………?
8. They won't have a party,………………………………..?
X. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS:
- Adjectives - before nouns Ex: He is a kind man.
- after to be, linking verbs Ex: You look beautiful today.
- Adverbs - after verbs Ex: They speak English fluently.
- before adjectives Ex: Our oceans are extremely polluted now.

Exercise: Use Adjectives or Adverbs to complete these sentences

1. Your English is quite ________________ (good / well)
2. We must all work very __________________ (hard / hardly)
3. Let's make our beach a __________________ place again. (beautiful / beautifully)
4. I was _____________________ that you didn't phone me. (disappointed / disappointedly)
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XI. ADJECTIVE + THAT CLAUSE
I am pleased that you are working hard.
People are worried that the oil will pollute the sea.
XII. MAKING SUGGESTIONS:
- Suggest + V-ING
Ex: I suggest going to school by bike.
- Suggest (that) + S + should + V…
Ex: I suggest that we should go to school by bike.
Exercise: Make suggestions
1. study English every day.
 I suggest……………………………………
 I suggest……………………………………
2. get up early
 I suggest……………………………………
 I suggest……………………………………
3. invite Nam to our party.
 I suggest……………………………………
 I suggest……………………………………

XIV. PREPOSITIONS (Giờéi từừ)

1. AT
At: for time (chìả thờừi gian) đi với giờ, các thời điểm trong ngày, các kỳ lễ…

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 at six o’clock at present
at ten p.m at the moment
at Christmas / Easter at night
at the end of (vào cuối…) at weekends
at last (cuoế i cuừ ng thìừ) at once (ngay lập tức)
At: for place (chìả nời choế n noé i chung)
at home at the hairdresser’s
at school at the doctor’s
at the airport/railway station at the top
at the shop at the bottom
at the seaside at the beginning
at the theater at the end of (cuối …)
at the grocer’s at the foot of the mountain / page

2. IN
In: for time (chìả thờừi gian)
+ Năm: - in 1980, in 2000
+ Tháng: - in June, in August
+ Tháng năm: - in November 2009
+ Mùa: - in spring, in summer
+ Buổi: - in the morning, in the evening
- in time: (đúng lúc, vừa kịp lúc)
- in the end: (cuối cùng thì, rốt cuộc thì)
In: for place (chìả nời choế n)
- In: ở trong
in the box
in class
in the dining room
- in: dùng trước các thành phố, đất nước, miền, phương hướng…
in Vietnam
in London
in the east (ở hướng đông)
in Cu Chi district
in the street (ở trên đường)
in my opinion (theo ý tôi)
in (the) newspaper (trên báo)
in the middle of (ở giữa)
in English, in German (bằng tiếng Anh, tiếng Đức)
3. ON
- on: for time (chìả thờừi gian)
On + các ngày trong tuần: on Sunday, on Thursday
On + ngày tháng (năm)
On June 10th, on November 20th 2009
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 On time: đúng giờ (chìénh xaé c)
Ex: The movie was shown on time.
- on: for place (chìả nời choế n)
On (ở trên):
on the table (ở trên bàn), on the floor (trên sàn nhà), on the wall (trên tường)
on foot: bằng chân (đi bộ)
on TV: trên truyền hình
on radio: trên radio
on the beach: trên bãi biển
on the internet: trên internet
4. BY By: bởi, dùng trong câu bị động, chỉ tác nhân gây ra hành động
Ex: “Kieu” was written by Nguyen Du.
By + phương tiện đi lại
Ex: by bus, by bike, by taxi
By: trước lúc, vào lúc (duừ ng đeể chìả moộộ t thờừi đieể m)
Ex: I have to finish this report by Thursday.
- by the time: vào lúc mà
- by chance: tình cờ
- learn by heart: học thuộc lòng
5. TO
Thường dùng sau động từ GO
Ex: Tuan goes to school at six every day.
Note: go home (về nhà), không có “to”
6. INTO (vaừ o trong)
- into: thường đi với các động từ: go / put / get / fall / jump, come…
Ex: I’m going into the dining-room.
He put his book into the schoolbag.
7. OUT OF (ra khoả i)
Ex: He came out of the house. (Anh ta đã ra khỏi nhà)
8. WITH
with: có, mang cùng
Ex: a girl with blue eyes (cô gái có đôi mắt xanh)
with: với
Ex: Do you agree with me? (Bạn có đồng ý với tôi không?)
I’m living with my parents. (Tôi đang sống cùng với cha mẹ)
9. UNDER ờả dừờéi
Ex: The cat was under the table. (Con mèo đang ở dưới gầm bàn)
 ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS: (Giới từ theo sau các tính từ)
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1. OF
a fraid of : sợ, e ngại full of: đầy
aware of: nhận thức proud of: tự hào về
ashamed of: xấu hổ về doubtful of: nghi ngờ về
a head of: trước confident of: tin tưởng
capable of: có khả năng joyful of: vui mừng về
fond of: thích
2. TO
delightful to sb: thú vị đối với ai accustomed to: quen với
equal to: bằng với, tương đương familiar to sb: quen thuộc đối với ai
grateful to sb: biết ơn ai harmful to sb/sth: có hại đối với ai /cho cái gì
important to: quan trọng likely to: có thể
rude to: thô lỗ, cộc cằn next to: kế bên
useful to sb: có ích cho ai pleasant to: hài lòng
available to sb: có sẵn cho ai similar to: giống, tương tự

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3. FOR

available for sth: có sẵn cái gì difficult for: khó

late for: trễ… dangerous for: nguy hiểm
famous for: nổi tiếng về greedy for: tham lam
necessary for: cần thiết perfect for: hoàn hảo
suitable for: thích hợp sorry for: xin lỗi
qualified for: có phẩm chất helpful useful for: có lợi, có ích
good for: tốt cho grateful for sth: biết ơn về việc
convenient for: thuận lợi cho ready for sth: sẵn sàng cho việc gì
responsible for sth: chịu trách nhiệm về
4. AT
good / bad at: giỏi / tệ (về) excellent at: xuất sắc về
clever at: khéo léo skillful at: khéo léo, có kỹ năng
quick at: nhanh về
amazed at: kinh ngạc về
5. WITH
delighted with: vui mừng với satisfied with: thoả mãn với
crowded with: đông đúc aquainted with: làm quen (với)
friendly with: thân mật angry with: giận dữ
fed up with: chán bored with: chán
familiar with: quen thuộc busy with: bận
pleased with: hài lòng popular with: phổ biến
6. ABOUT
anxious about: lo lắng sad about: buồn
confused about: bối rối về serious about: nghiêm túc
disappointed about sth: thất vọng về upset about: thất vọng
excited about: hào hứng worried about: lo lắng về
happy about: vui, hạnh phúc
7. IN
interested in: thích, quan tâm về
successful in: thành công (về)
rich in: giàu (về)
confident in sb: tin cậy vào ai
8. ON
keen on: hăng hái về
9. FROM
different from: khác far from: xa
safe from: an toàn isolated from: bị cô lập

19
absent from: vắng mặt

 VERB + PREPOSITION: (Giờéi từừ theo sau đoộộ ng từừ)

20
apologize sb for sth: xin lỗi ai về việc gì participate in: tham gia
admire sb of sth: khâm phục ai về việc gì succeed in: thành công về
belong to sb: thuộc về ai prevent sb from: ngăn cản ai
accuse sb of sth: tố cáo ai về việc gì provide with: cung cấp
blame sb for sth: đỗ lỗi cho ai về việc gì agree with: đồng ý với
congratulate sb on sth: chúc mừng ai về việc beg for sth: xin, van nài cho
gì borrow sth from sb: mượn cái gì của
differ from: khác với ai
introduce to sb: giới thiệu với ai depend on / rely on: phụ thuộc vào
give up: từ bỏ join in: tham gia vào
look at: nhìn vào escape from: thoát khỏi
look after: chăm sóc insist on: khăng khăng
look for: tìm change into / turn into: hoá ra
look forward to: mong đợi wait for sb: chờ ai
put on: mặc vào, mang vào arrive at (station/bus stop…): đến
put off: hoãn lại arrive in (London / France…): đến
call off: huỷ bỏ, hoãn lại
appove of sth to sb: đồng ý về việc gì với ai
B. PRACTICE
I - Put the verbs into Present Simple Tense:
1. I (be) __________ at school at the weekend.
2. She (not study) ______________________ on Friday.
3. My students (be not) _________________ hard working.
4. He (have) _________________ a new haircut today.
5. I usually (have) _________________ breakfast at 7.00.
6. She (live) _________________ in a house?
7. Where your children (be) __________________?
8. My sister (work) _____________ in a bank.
9. Dog (like) _______________ meat.
10. She (live) _________________ in Florida.
11. It (rain) ________________ almost every day in Manchester.
12. We (fly) __________________ to Spain every summer.
13. My mother (fry) _______________ eggs for breakfast every morning.
14. The bank (close) __________________ at four o'clock.
15. John (try) ___________________ hard in class, but I (not think) _________________ he'll pass.
16. Jo is so smart that she (pass) ____________________ every exam without even trying.
17. My life (be) _________________so boring. I just (watch) __________________TV every night.
18. My best friend (write) ____________________ to me every week.
19. You (speak) __________________________ English?
20. She (not live) ________________________ in HaiPhong city.
II - Put the verbs into Present Progressive Tense:
1. Jack (look) _____________________no trouble with my English lesson now.
2. John (not read) __________________________ a book now.
3. Silvia (not listen) ______________________ to music at the moment.
4. Maria (sit) _____________________next to Paul right now.
5. The farmers (work) ____________________in the field at the moment.
6. Look! The boy (cry) _______________________.
7. Be quiet! The baby (sleep) ____________________.
8. I (do) _________________an exercise on the present tenses at this moment
9. Please be quiet! I (work) _______________________.
10.Be quiet! The teacher (be) _____________________angry.
III – Put the verbs into Simple Past Tense:
1. I (meet) _____________________Author three weeks ago.
2. What you (do) _______________________yesterday?
3. I (see) __________________her last year.
4. You (watch) _____________________TV last night?
5. The last train (leave) __________________the station at 3 p.m.
6. I (play) ___________________football when I was 10 years old.
7. John (not watch) _____________________TV at last evening.
8. Columbus (discover) ____________________America more than 100 years ago.

22
 9. You (speak) ___________________to Mrs. Baker yesterday?
10.My younger brother (live) _________________here in 1986.
IV - Put the verbs into the Simple Past or Past Progressive tense.
1. While Tom (read) _________________, Amery (watch) __________________ a documentary on TV.
2. Last night when I (arrive) ___________________ home, he still (sleep) ___________________.
3. He (wake) ________________ up and (look) ______________ at his watch.
4. I (cycle) _________________ through the park, when I (hear) ______________ a strange noise.
5. Tom (see) ______________ a serious accident while he (stand) _____________ at the bus stop.
6. While Tom (play) ______________ the piano, his mother (do) ______________ the washing-up.
7. The boys (swim) ______________ while the girls (sunbathe) _____________________.
8. What (do / you) ____________ yesterday at 7a.m?
9. Yesterday, Sherlock Holmes (arrive) ____________________ at the crime scene to investigate.
10.While my father (read) __________________ a newspaper, I (learn) ____________ my lesson and
my sister (do) _________________ her homework.
V - Put the verbs into Simple Future Tense:
1. Our English teacher (explain) ___________________ that lesson to us tomorrow.
2. What you (do) __________ at 8 p.m. next Sunday? - I (practice) ______________ my English then.
3. Tom Baker (not come) ___________________ here tomorrow.
4. I (finish) _____________________ the book before my next birthday.
5. He (work) ___________________ on the report soon?
6. They (build) ____________________ a house by June next year.
7. We (not continue) _____________________ our plan later.
8. At this time next week, we (live) ______________________ in USA.
9. I hope it (stop) ____________________ raining by o'clock this afternoon.

VI - Put the verbs into Present Perfect Tense:

1. We (study) _________________ almost every lesson in this book so far.
2. Tom (never be) ________________ in Hanoi.
3. We (drive) _________________ around the parking lot for 20 minutes to find a parking space.
4. I (wait) ____________________ for two hours, but she (not come) _________________ yet.
5. He (not be) ______________ here since Christmas
6. How many times you (see) ______________ him since he went to Edinburgh?
7. You (ever, see) ____________________________ a lion?
8. I (wait) ___________________ for the manager for two hours.
9. I (forget) ______________________ that girl's name already.
10.I (read) __________________ the novel written by Jack London several times before.
VII. Put the verbs into correct form:
1. While it (rain) ________________ outside, I (sit) _____________ in the farmer's house.
2. She (go) ________ to school, (take) _________ out her textbook and (begin) __________ to learn.
3. Mrs. Green always (go) ___________________ to work by bus.
4. Look! The boy (cry)____________________.
5. We (be) _______________ from French. We (be) ________________ there for twenty years.
6. How many times _________ you (see) ________ him since he (go) __________ to Edinburgh?
7. It (be) _____________ a beautiful morning.

23
8. My mother (come) ______________ to stay with us next weekend.
9. I never (see) _____________ snow.
10.Violets (bloom)_________ in spring.
11.I (not/see) _________________ him since last month.
12.He (leave) ________ home 2 weeks ago and we (not/hear) __________ from him since then.
13.When the teacher (come) _________________ in, the pupils (play) ______________games.
14.They (prepare) _________________ at the Christmas dinner at the moment.
15.At nine o'clock yesterday morning we (wait) _________________________ for the bus.
16.My brother (join) _________________ the army when he (be) _______________ young.
17.George (work) _____________ at the University so far.
18.I (not see) ___________________ him last Monday.
19.My father (not watch) __________________ TV every night.
20.That house (belong) ____________________ to Mr. Green.
21.The weather generally (get) ______________________ quite hot in July and August.
22.That brown briefcase (belong) _______________________ to Dr. Rice.
23.Michael (work) ____________________ thirsty eight hours a week.
24.I (be) ______________________sorry. I (forget) _______________ that girl’s name already.
25.Fred’s brother (just graduate)__________________________________ from Oxford University.
26.The earth (circle) ____________________ the sun once every 365 days.
27.It (rain) ______________ much in summer. It (rain) _________________ now.
28.Listen! I (think) __________________ someone (knock) ___________________ at the door.
29.While it (rain) _________________outside, I (sit) _________________ in the farmer's house.
30.How long _______________ you (study) ______________ in this school?
31.We (not receive) __________ any letter from him since he (leave) _______ four months ago.
32.Hurry up! The train (come) _______________________.
33.John (watch) ____________________ TV at last evening.
34.Tom Baker (not come) ________________________ here tomorrow.
35.Mr. Jackson (paint) _______________________ his house since last month.
36.I (play) __________________ football when I was 10 years old.
37.When I (be) ______________ a child, I (want) ________________ to be a doctor.
38.I (have) ____________ dinner when I suddenly (hear) ____________ a loud bang.
39.You (play) ________________ football since you (come) _______________ to England?
40.The last train (leave) ____________________ the station at 3 p.m.
41.- You (speak) _________________ to Mrs. Baker yesterday?
- No, I (not see) _______________ her for a long time. I (not can) ____________ remember when
I last (see) __________ her.
42.When the teacher came in, the pupils (play) _____________________ game.
43.Columbus (discover) _____________________ America more than 00 years ago.
44.We (not see) ______________________ them for a long time.
45.My father (not watch) _________________________TV every night.
46.I (meet) ________________ Author three weeks ago.
47.Last month I (be) _____________ in the hospital for ten days.
48.We (start) _________________ our plan next week.
49.I (give) _______________ her your letter when I (see) ________________ her tomorrow.
50.The bell (ring) _________________ while Tom (take) ________________________ a bath.

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C- FURTHER PRACTICE
I. Conditional Sentences (rewrite the sentences, using conditional sentences)
1. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
2. There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
3. He is busy right now. So, he can’t help them.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
4. I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.
→ If I _____________________________________________________________________________________
6. She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
7. He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
8. I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
9. Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
10. He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
11. They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not haV-3/edy about that.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
12. She didn’t say sorry so he was angry.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
13. I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
14. It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
15. My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
16. She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
17. The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
18. The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
19. She loves him so she forgives him easily.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________
20. He was angry so I didn’t say anything.
→ If _______________________________________________________________________________________

25
II) MULTIPLE CHOICE:
21. If I ………. a lot of money now, I ………….. a new car.
A. have /will buy B. have /would buy C. had/ will buy D. had/ would buy
22. If I …………… you, I ……………. do that.
A. am/ will B. were /would C. were/ will D. had been/ would
23. If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
A. take B. will take C. would take D. would have taken
24. I would be very surprised if he ……………..
A. refuses B. refused C. had refused D. would refuse
25. Many people would be out of work if that factory ……….. down.
A. closes B. had closed C. closed D. would close
26. If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
A. gets B. would get C. will get D. would have got
27. They would be disapointed if we …………….
A. hadn’t come B. wouldn’t come C. don’t come D. didn’t come
28. Would John be angry if I …….…… his bicycle without asking?
A. take B. took C. had taken D. would take
29. She ………. terrible upset if I lost this ring.
A. will be B. would be C. were D. had been
30. If someone ………… in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
A. would walk B. walks C. had walked D. walked
31. What would happen if you …………….. to work tomorrow?
A. don’t go B. didn’t go C. won’t go D. wouldn’t go
32. We‘ll get wet if we …………. out.
A. go B. did go C. went D. had gone
33. If I go shopping, I ……… some food.
A. buy B. will buy C. would buy D. would have bought
34. If I find it, I ………you.
A. will tell B. would tell C. had told D. told
35. What would you do if you …………… a million dollars?
A. would win B. win C. had won D. won
36. They‘d be hurt if I ……………….
A. don’t go B. didn’t go C. hadn’t gone D. wouldn’t go
37. If we took the 6: 30 train, we ………… too early.
A. would have arrived B. arrived C. will arrived D. would arrive
38. If I had known you were in hospital, I ………… to see you.
A. will go B. would go C. went D. would have gone
39. If I …………., I would have said hello.
A. had seen B. see C. saw D. would see
40. I ………….. out if I hadn’t been so tired.
A. will go B. went C. would have gone D. would go
41. If I ……….. a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
A. have B. had C. would have D. had had
42. You won’t pass the examination …………… you study more.

26
 A. as long as B. unless C. if D. whether
43. If only I ………… you wanted to invest money in business.
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
44. If I were to leave my country , I …………… disappointed.
A. probably be B. would have been C. will be D. would be
45. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he ……………. in his examination.
A. would fail B. wouldn’t fail C. wouldn’t have failed. D. won’t fail
46. If I had taken that English course, I ……….. much progress.
A. had made B. would have made C. made D. would make
47. If I were in your place, I ………. a trip to England.
A. will make B. had made C. made. D. would make
48. If I ………….. you, I’d save some of your lottery winning.
A. be B. were C. am D. was
49. If the car ……….. larger, we would have bought it.
A. had been B. have been C. has been D. been
50. If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
A. will go B. should go C. would go D. should have go to
51. If it …….. convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. was C. were D. is
52. If you ……. time, please write to me.
A. have B. have had C. had D. has
53. If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?
A. did B. would C. may D. do
54. Trees won’t grow ……….. there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
55. If you ………. to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. listen B. had listened C. will listen D. listened
56. I wish I …….. you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
A. can lend B. could lend C. would lend D. will lend
57. If someone ……… into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes B. came C. would come D. could lend
58. If you stay up late the previous night, you ………. sleepy the next morning.
A. feel B. to feel C. feels D. will feel
59. If Peter ……, Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very much.
A. comes B. do not come C. does not come D. will come
60. If his teeth still …….., he will have to go to the dentist’s again.
A. hurt B. hurts C. to hurt D. will hurt

61. If you…………Tom, tell him I have a message for him.

A. will meet B. would meet C. meet D. met
62. If you ………… too hot during the night, turn down the central heating.
A. will feel B. felt C. feel D. feels
63. If you ………… with your dictionary, I ‘d like to borrow it.
A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. are finishing
64. If I lived nearer the centre, I ………… always late.

27
 A. wouldn’t be B. can be C. won’t be D. will be
65. What would Lan do if she ………….. the Miss world.
A. would be B. were C. will be D. is
66. If I …………. her, I would have said “hello”
A. has seen B. have seen C. saw D. had seen
67. If she had read the passage more slowly, the candidate ………….
A. understood B. would have understood
C. will understood D. would understand
68. If it ……………, they will not go out.
A. rains B. rained C. rain D. raining
69. James will not complete the work if she is ………….. rarely enough.
A. tell B. telling C. tells D. told
70. Betty will not go to the party unless John ………………. too.
A. go B. went C. going D. goes
71. Miss An does not want to go on the trip if nobody ………….. with her.
A. go B. goes C. went D. going
72. If you …………. to go shopping, please go with your aunt this weekend.
A. wants B. want C. wanting D. wanted
73. Mr. Smith has to work on weekends if his manager …………. him to.
A. tell B. telling C. told D. tells
74. Unless they …………… her to work hard, she would not.
A. encourage B. encourage C. encourages D. encouraging

75. If I ………. a king, I would give money to the poor.

A. is B. are C. am D. were
76. If we had left this country, we would have …………. to Australia.
A. emigrated B. emigrates C. emigrate D. emigrating
77. If I had to the party last night, I ………… her.
A. will have met B. would meet C. would have met D. will meet
78. Unless the pupils pay attention, the teacher ……………. be angry.
A. would B. may C. will D. might
79. Please do not go out if it ……………….
A. rain B. rains C. rained D. raining
80. If you ………… me with this exercise, I will do the same for you one day.
A. helped B. would help C. help D. will help
81. If you listen to music, you can’t …………… your study.
A. concentrate on B. interested in C. care about D. read about
82. …………… you study harder, you won’t pass the final exam.
A. unless B. if C. if not D. without
83. If the weather …………. fine, we will go on a picnic.
A. is B. were C. would be D. will be
84. If he …………………. harder, the results will be better.
A. worked B. works C. has worked D. will work
85. If Americans ate fewer foods with sugar and salt, their general health …………... better
A. be B. will be C. is D. would be

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86. If she hadn’t overslept, she ……….. late for the interview.
A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. hadn’t been D. would have been
87. I’d have told you if I ………….. the book.
A. had seen B. would have seen C. saw D. see
88. If we had known your new address, we ………….. to see you.
A. came B. would have come C. would come D. will come
89. If I found a wallet in the street, I …………. take it to police.
A. will B. should C. would D. shall
90. I …………. that coat if I were you.
A. wouldn’t buy B. didn’t buy C. don’t buy D. won’t buy
III. PASSIVE AND ACTIVE VOICE:
91. A group of students have met their friend at the railway station.
92. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
93. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
94. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
95. This well-known library attracts many people.
96. All students attended the meeting.
97. People say that he is intelligent.
98. He can’t repair my bike.
99. Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
100. This is the second time they have written to us about this.
101. Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years.
102. They didn’t look after the children properly.
103. Nobody swept this street last week.
104. People drink a great deal of tea in England.
105. People speak English all over the world.
106. Tom was writing 2 poems.
107. She often takes her dog for a walk.
108. How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
109. She didn’t introduce me to her mother.
110. Someone had invented electric lights before I was born.
111. Farmers usually milk cows twice a day.
112. He likes people to call him “sir”.
113. People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars.
114. Our teacher used to bid us talk in class.
115. Don’t let other see you.
116. Workers were digging a large hole in the ground.
117. Before they took exams they had revised their lessons.
118. The car knocked a woman down in the street.
119. When he came home his father was reading a newspaper.
120. Cows were eating grass on the meadow.
121. My cousin will meet you at the station.
122. She is running her own company.
123. Visitors must leave umbrellas and raincoats in the cloakroom.

29
124. My mother used to make us clean the house.
IV. RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine these sentences by using relative pronoun
1. Chinese people have a very special kind of soup. This kind of soup is made from shark’s fin.
2. A lot of fish died everyday. They live in the polluted sea.
3. We have a new teacher. I really like her.
4. Many people get sick or die every year. These people eat puffer fish, a very poisonous species.
5. She’ll tell you the story. That story will surprise you.
6. The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish. The Nile is in Egypt.
7. Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium. It has various species of fish.
8. The movie Harry Potter is coming soon. I’m longing to see it.
9. Then he was caught in the mouth of a white shark. It is one of the most dangerous sea creatures.
10. The most beautiful park is opposite my house. It has a lot of big trees.
11. The girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
12. A man anwered the phone. He told me you were away.
13. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.
14. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
15. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.
16. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.
17. Petr is studying French and German. He has been abroad.
18. You’ve all met Michael Wood. He is visiting us for a couple of days.
19. We are moving to Manchester.Manchester is the north west.
20. I’ll stay with Adrian. His brother is one of my closet friends.
21. John Bridge is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.
22. The Earth is a planet. It can support life.
23. The book is about the girl. She runs away from home.
24. A dictionary is a book. It gives you the meaning of words.
25. The man was very kind. I talk to him yesterday.
26. She is the woman. I told you about her.
27. The man works in the hospital. I told you about him.
28. The picture was very beautiful. She was looking at it.
29. I’ll give you the address. You should write to it.
30. The movie is very fantastic. They are talking about it.

V. CONNECTIVES AND PREPOSITIONS: (Lieộ n từừ vaừ Giờéi từừ)

Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C hoặc D) để hoàn thành câu sau:
1. ___________ it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. However D. Although
2. ___________ of the committee, I’d like to thank you for your generous donation.
A. According B. On behalf C. Together D. In addition
3. ____________ he wasn’t feeling very well, Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.
A. Although B. However C. Therefore D. Still
4._____________ he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home.
A. For B. Thus C. So D. As

30
5. _____________ to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London Road.
A. Through B. Owing C. Because D. Since
6. Of course I’m a Christian_________ I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too.
A. since B. then C. and D. but
7. The _________________ the disaster was engine failure, not human error.
A. reason by B. reason on C. reason why D. reason for
8. We have to start early _______________ we won’t be late.
A. so that B. that C. because D. because of
9. She came in quietly_______________ not to wake the baby.
A. as if B. so as C. such as D. if so
10. He was offered the job_________________ his qualifications were poor.
A. despite B. in spite of C. even though D. Whereas
VI. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE VOICE:
1. Tom wrote this report yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. People plant a lot of flowers in Da Lat.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Our form teacher holds a class discussion every month.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Miss Hoa teaches my sister English.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. People use milk for making butter and cheese.
____________________________________________________________________________
6. They have given Tom a present.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Does Mr. Green often take them to the cinema on Sundays?
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Do they hold a meeting every month?
____________________________________________________________________________
9. The weather has turned all the leaves yellow.
____________________________________________________________________________
10. Have they asked you several questions?
____________________________________________________________________________
11. People play football all over the world.
____________________________________________________________________________
12. People speak French and English in Canada.
____________________________________________________________________________
13. She is going to invite him to her birthday party.
____________________________________________________________________________
14. I don’t like people telling me what to do.
____________________________________________________________________________
15. No-one can do that work.
____________________________________________________________________________
16. Ha gave Mary a bunch of roses on Valentine’s day .
____________________________________________________________________________

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17. Did you send her a present yesterday?
____________________________________________________________________________
18. The builders were building the new bridge when we came.
____________________________________________________________________________
19. He will open the shop tomorrow.
____________________________________________________________________________
20. A famous writer wrote that book.
____________________________________________________________________________
21. We can grow potatoes in this soil .
____________________________________________________________________________
22. Nobody has used this room for ages .
____________________________________________________________________________
23. My brother lent me this book .
____________________________________________________________________________
VII. WISH CLAUSES
A. The past simple with “WISH”
I. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. Jane wishes she (know)………………………….. how to dance.
2. I wish my parents (not, work)…………………….. on Saturdays.
3. Tom is short. He wishes he (be)…………………. tall enough to play basketball.
4. We all wish we (have)…………………………. more money, don’t we?
5. I wish I (live)………………… in a big city. It’s so boring in the country.
6. I wish the teacher (not, be)……………….. going to give an exam tomorrow.
7. We wish the sun (shine)……………………… right now so that we could go swimming.
8. I wish I (wear)……………………… a coat now. It’s so cold today.
9. Mrs. Nga wishes she (have) ……………… a car to drive to work.
10. Nam wishes he (be)………………… taller.
B. Modal “COULD” with “WISH”
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. I wish I (can do)…………….…….. this exercise.
2. Mrs. Lan wishes she (have) ……………. a bigger apartment and (can buy)………..……….. a car.
3. We wish we (can fly)……………….……. to Hawaii and (swim)………………… now.
4. Have you ever wish you (can fly)………….………….. as a bird.
5. Lien knows a little English. She wishes she (can speak)……….……………… it fluently.
C. Write sentences beginning I wish.
1. It’s a shame that I can’t stop smoking.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. I’m sorry I can’t go to the party.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Marry is sorry she can’t play the piano.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. I know a little Russian. I can’t speak it fluently.
______________________________________________________________________________

32
 5. Nga lives and studies in Ha Noi. Her parents live in Hue, so she can’t visit them now.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
VIII. Choose the best option (A, B, C, D) to complete the sentences:
1. Be quiet! The baby ........................
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. will sleep D. was sleeping
2. The sun .............................. in the West.
A. sets B. is setting C. was setting D. is setting
3. Mr Green always ........................... to work by bus.
A. was going B. went C. is going D. has gone
4. It ..................................in the dry season.
A. didn't rain B. isn't raining C. hasn't rained D. doesn't rain
5. They ................................. lunch in the cafeteria now.
A. are having B. have C. will have D. had
6. My little sister .............................. milk every day.
A. is drinking B. drinks C. drank D. has drunk
7. The doctor sometimes ............................... home late.
A. is returnning B. was returnning C. returns D. will return
8. He .........................a long novel at present.
A. wrote B. had written C. is writing D. writes
9. Look! The bus ...............................
A. is coming B. comes C. came D. has come
10. The earth .............................around the sun.
A. moved B. moves C. will move D. was moving
11. I .................................something good in the kitchen now.
A. smelled B. had smelled C. was smelling D. is smelling
12. His uncle ..............................English in our school five years ago.
A. is teaching B. will teach C. taught D. has taught
13. The old man .................... as he .........................into the bus.
A. falls/gets B. fell/got C. fell/ was getting D. was falling/got
14. When I saw him, he ..............................asleep in a chair.
A. was sitting B. is sitting C. will sit D. sits
15. There ...............................a lot of noise at the fair yesterday.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. It ...............................me 5 minutes to walk to school last year.
A. took B. takes C. will take D. was taking
17. They .................................to each other since they quarelled.
A. didn't speak B. haven't spoken C. don't speak D. aren't speaking
18. I .........................to learn English for years, but I ...................yet.
A. tried / didn’t succeed B. was trying / didn’t succeed
C. have been trying / haven’t succeeded D. have tried / didn’t succeed
19. I ...........................her since last week.
A. didn't see B. don't see C. haven't seen D. hadn't seen
20. Jonh ................................his homework already.
A. had done B. has done C. did D. does
21. The train ............................. before we arrived at the station.

33
 A. was starting B. started C. had started D. has started
22. There .........................an English class in this room tomorrow evening.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
23. The film ............................ when we got to the cinema.
A. has already begun B. had already began C. had already begun
D. began
24. ........................ at home tonight?
A. Will you stay B. Do you stay C. Did you stay D. Have you stay
25. I............................twenty years old next June.
A. am B. will be C. was D. were
26. Where are you?- I’m upstairs. I ...............................a bath.
A. am having B. was having C. have D. had
27. All of them .............................when I...........................
A. was singing/came B. were singing/came
C. sang/came D. sang/come
28. What .............................. at 7 p.m yesterday?
A. are you doing B. did you do C. will you do D. were you doing
29. Where ...............................your holiday last year?
A. do you spend B. did you spend C. were you spend D. are you spend
30. Why didn’t you listen while I ..................................to you?
A. am speaking B. was speaking C. spoke D. will speak
31. A: I ………….............. Andrew for weeks.
A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. amnot see D. won't see
B: Nor me, It’s weeks since I last …...............…. him.
A. saw B. see C. have seen D. had seen
32. A: What……..................... last night?
A. did you do B. do you do C. were you doing D. have you done
B: Well, I ……................. very tired, so I …................... to bed very early.
A. am/go B. was/went C. have been/went D. had been/went
33. A: ………................ Julie recently?
A. Have you met B. Had you met C. Did you meet D. Do you meet
B: Yes, I …....................…. her a few days ago.
A. see B. was seeing C. saw D. have seen
34. A: Are you still playing tennis?
B: No, I …....................... able to play tennis since I ......................... my arm.
A. wasn't be/break B. haven't been/broke
C. haven't been/break D. wasn't be/broke
35. A: What part of Birmingham…...........…. when you …................. a student?
A. did you live/ were B. did you live/are
C. do you live/were D. do you live/are
B: A place called Selly Oak ….......................….… there?
A. Are you ever be B. Have you ever been
C. Did you ever be D. Do you ever be
36. We …………………….. Lan since she left school.
A. met B. meet C. meeting D. haven't met

34
37. It’s important that he …………………… the book for me.
A. finds B. will find C. found D. find
38. “When is Mr. Baker planning to retire? He …………. for the company for thirty years now."
A. works B. is working C. will work D. has been working
39. English ………………….. as a foreign language in Vietnam.
A. speaks B. spoke C. was spoken D. is spoken
40. He ................... his homework, when I arrived.
A. was doing B. does C. did D. is doing
IX. Finish each sentence with a suitable QUESTION TAG:
1. Shakira is a great singer, ___________? 16. There's a dictionary on the shelf, _________?
2. It isn't very cold today, ____________? 17. The dishes are dirty, _________?
3. I didn't bring enough money, __________? 18. Steven won't be at the party, _________?
4. The children won't want to go to bed early, ______? 19. The math test was very difficult, _________?
5. You have already seen Braveheart, _______? 20. We can go tomorrow, __________?
6. The movie received several Oscars, ______? 21. I'm early, __________?
7. We can't keep our dog in the hotel room, _________? 22. This shirt is too big for me, _________?
8. You're coming to the party, __________? 23. Emily plays the piano well, _________?
9. It wasn't very difficult, __________? 24. Your neighbors went on vacation, ________?
10. It won't be anything expensive, __________? 25. He hasn't done it yet, __________?
11. There's some milk in the refrigerator, _________? 26. He's been to Italy twice, _________?
12. We don't need to go to the store today, _________? 27. He's got a camera, _________?
13. Susan can bring some food, __________? 28. He hasn't got any children, __________?
14. The party starts at eight o'clock, __________? 29. He has a beautiful wife, __________?
15. The movie was very long, _________? 30. She works in a bank, __________?

35
No Infintive Past Past Participle Meaning
1 be was/were been thìừ, laừ , đừờộc, biộ ờả
2 become became become trờả neộ n, trờả thaừ nh
3 begin began begun baắ t đaề u
4 bite bit bitten caắ n, đoế t
5 blow blew blown thoể i
6 break broke broken đaộộ p beể , laừ m vờữ
7 bring brought brought mua
8 build built built xaộ y dừộng, xaộ y caế t
9 burn burnt / burned burnt / burned đoế t, chaé y, thieộ u
10 buy bought bought mua
11 catch caught caught baắ t, chuộ p
12 choose chose chosen choộ n, lừộa
13 come came come đeế n
14 cost cost cost triộ giaé
15 CUT CUT CUT caắ t
16 do did done laừ m, haừ nh đoộộ ng
17 draw drew drawn veữ
18 dream dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed mờ thaế y
19 drink drank drunk uoế ng
20 drive drove driven laé i xe
21 eat ate eaten aặ n
22 fall fell fallen teé , rời, ruộ ng
23 feed fed fed cho aặ n
24 feel felt felt caả m thaế y
25 find found found tìừm thaế y
26 fly flew flown bay
27 forget forgot forgot / forgotten queộ n
28 forgive forgave forgiven tha thừé
29 get got got coé đừờộc
30 give gave given cho
31 go went gone đi
32 grow grew grown troề ng, lờén leộ n
33 hang hung hung treo
34 have had had coé
35 hear heard heard nghe
36 hide hid hidden aể n, laỗ n troế n
37 hit hit hit đuộ ng, đaé nh, đaế m
38 hold held held toể chừéc, caề m giừữ
39 hurt hurt hurt laừ m đau
40 keep kept kept giừữ
41 know knew known bieế t, laừ m quen
42 lay laid laid đaặộ t, đeể , đeả (trừéng)
43 lead led led laữ nh đaộ o, daỗ n đaề u
44 lean leant leant dừộa, từộa, choế ng
36
45 learn learnt / learned learnt / learned hoộ c, hoộ c hoả i
46 leave left left ra đi, rờừi boả
47 lend lent lent cho mừờộn
48 LET LET LET cho pheé p
49 light lit lit chaộ m, thaắ p, đoế t
50 lose lost lost laừ m maế t
51 make made made cheế taộ o, saả n xuaế t
52 mean meant meant coé nghìữa laừ
53 meet met met gaặộ p
54 pay paid paid traả tieề n
55 PUT PUT PUT đaặộ t, đeể
56 read read read đoộ c
57 ride rode ridden cừờữi (ngừộa, xe đaộ p)
58 ring rang rung reo, rung chuoộ ng
59 rise rose risen moộ c, leộ n cao
60 run ran run chaộ y
61 say said said noé i
62 see saw seen thaế y
63 sell sold sold baé n
64 send sent sent gừải
65 shake shook shaken rung, laắ c
66 shine shone shone chieế u saé ng
67 shoot shot shot baắ n
68 show showed showed / shown chìả daỗ n, trìừnh dieỗ n
69 SHUT SHUT SHUT đoé ng laộ i
70 sing sang sung ca haé t
71 sit sat sat ngoề i
72 sleep slept slept nguả
73 speak spoke spoken noé i
74 spend spent spent tieộ u xaừ i, traả i qua
75 stand stood stood đừéng
76 steal stole stolen đaé nh caắ p
77 stick stuck stuck daé n vaừ o, ghim vaừ o
78 strike struck struck đaé nh, đaộộ p vaừ o
79 swim swam swum bời loộộ i
80 take took taken caề m, laế y, mang đi
81 teach taught taught daộ y, giaả ng daộ y
82 tell told told keể , baả o
83 think thought thought nghìữ, suy nghìữ
84 throw threw thrown neé m, lieộộ ng, quaặ ng
85 understand understood understood hieể u
86 upset upset upset laừ m xaé o troộộ n
87 wake woke woken đaé nh thừéc
88 wear wore worn maặộ c, mang, đoộộ i
89 win won won chieế n thaắ ng
90 write wrote written vieế t
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