A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit) is a small computer on a single metal-oxide-

semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit chip. In modern terminology, it is similar to, but less
sophisticated than, a system on a chip. Microcontrollers are used in automatically
controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical
devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded
systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor,
memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more
devices and processes.

Sensor a device which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or
otherwise responds to it.

Thermocouples
• When two dissimilar metals are joined together, the
thermocouple junction is formed.
• Among the two junctions used, one of the junctions is
kept at a constant known temperature where as the
other at the temperature to be measured.
• Ex: 70% platinum & 30% rhodium alloy known as B
Type
0
, Has a range of 0 1500 C.
• Used for measuring Exhaust Gas and turbocharger
temperatures in a vehicle.

engine block - a metal casting containing the cylinders and cooling ducts of an engine;
"the engine had to be replaced because the block was cracked" cylinder block, block.

The controller outputs a command to an actuator (a valve, for example) to correct for measured
deviations from the set point, and the control loop is thereby closed.

Fuel injector The fuel injector, an electrically operated gate, delivers fuel into the engine via its
nozzle. The Engine Control Unit (ECU) dictates when the injector should inject fuel into the
engine cylinder. It is advisable to clean the injectors every 25,000 to 30,000 miles to ensure
that they do not get clogged.