GERUND

Sebagai subject Swimming is a good sport

Sebagai Object/Complement She likes dancing
Sebagai Prepositional object I am sorry for coming late
Setelah istilah tertentu : no use, to be worth, to be busy, can’t It is no use studying without
helo\p/bear,to be used to, get used to, to be accustomed to practicing.
It is worth reading source books.

She is busy preparing for the exams.

I am used to eating gudeg Yogya.
She gets used to living near the
airport.
He is accustomed to wearing a tie
during his work.

Setelah possessive adjective His staring frightens me.

I hate Iwan’s wearing earing
Setelah kata kerja tertentu
Deny Would you mind helping me?
Admit Risk Postpone We enjoyed seeing them again after
Appreciate Enjoy Practice so many years.
Claim Finish Advise Bob admitted stealing the money
Can’t help Quit Recall
Resume Resist Regret
Consider Suggest Report
Avoid Mind Recent
Delay Miss

Setelah kata kerja/kata sifat tertentu yang dirangkai dengan to We are looking forward to going back
Confess Look forward to to school.
Object to To be opposed to He confessed to stealing the jewels
Advance to Dedicate to
To be used to
Get used to
To be accustomed to
Key to
Setelah sekelompok kata kerja yang dapat diikuti oleh baik He stops studying. (Dia tidak belajar
gerund maupun to infinitve yang memiliki pengertian berbeda lagi)
Stop
Remember He stops to study. ( Dia berhenti
Forget melakukan sesuatu lalu belajar)
regret
Setelah kelompok kata kerja tertentu yang dapat diikuti oleh He started to study after midnight.
gerund dan to-infinitve yang arti dan maknanya sama He hates riding his bicycle to school
 Begin, can’t stand, like, ;love, continue, prefer, dread, start, hate
Gerund setelah kata ‘need’ dan ‘want’ mengandung pengertian This gate needs painting. ( this gate
passive needs to be painted)

TO INFINITVE

Setelah objek pelaku She wanted me to buy a book.

She asked me to helm her son
Kata kerja setelah kata Tanya yang mengawali noun clause She wanted to know how to manage
the business.
I don’t know what to do
Sebagai complement (object complement dan impersonal it He is a nice man to talk to.
complement) He is too young to run the business.
It is difficult to adapt in a new
environment.
It is easy for me to defeat him.

Verb setelah verb tertentu He learned to swim when she was

Agree Fail Learn Seem young.
Attempt Forget Offer Strive They are preparing to attack the
Claim Hesitate Plan Tend village.
Decide Hope Prepare Want
Demand Need Pretend Try She ageed to act as a liason between
desire intent refuse Wish the tw countries
expect

Kata kerja setelah kata sifat berikut: They are not yet able to handle such
Anxious problem.
Andi is anxious to see his family.
Boring Glad Usual We are ready to pass the exam.
Dangerous Ready Common
Certain Pleased Difficult
Eager Prepared wrong
Good Able

Terdapat sekelompok kata kerja yang dapat diikuti oleh gerund He stops studying. (ia tidak belajar
amaupun infinitve yang memiliki pengertian berbeda lagi)

Stop remember forget He stops to study. (ia berhenti

melakukan sesuatut lalu belajar lagi)
Terdapat kata kerja tertentu yang dapat diikuti oleh gerund He strated to study after midnight.
ataupun to infinitve yang arti dan maknanya sama He started studying after idnight
Begin, can’t stand, like, ;love, continue, prefer, dread, start, hate
DEPENDENT-INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Daftar kata kerja yang digunakan dalam independent clause yang sering menghendaki dependent clause
adalah sebagai berikut:

Agree Feel Promise Suppose

Ask Guess Remember Tell
Be afraid Hear Say Teach
Believe Hope See Think
Decide Imagine Show Understand
Expect Know To be Be worried
explain learn sorry wonder

I wanted to know from whom Andri heard the news/

That Fini always comes late annoys the teacher very much.

Bila independent clause dalam bentuk present atau future, maka dependent clause boleh dalam bentuk
apa saja.

Bila independent clause dalam bentuk past, maka dependent clause harus dalam bentuk past.

He thinks that I did it.

She would answer his letter.

She believed that I had done all these.

He asked where I came from.

ELLIUPTICAL CONSTRUCTION

S1 +aux+ V+ and+ S2+aux+too

S1 +aux+ V+ and+so+aux+S2
Fita is pretty and Dini is too.

Fita Is pretty and so is Dini

I can go and beat them and you can too.

I can go and beat them and so you can.

S1+V1+and+S2+do/does+too

S1+v1+and+SO+do/does+S2

S1+V2+and+S2+did+too

S1+V2+and+S2+did+too

S1+V2+and+so+did+s2

Your sister likes seafood and I do too

And so do i

I went abroad last year and Ratu did too.

I went abroad last year and so did Ratu.

Negative

S+Aux Not (V) + and + S2+ aux not+either

S+Aux Not (V) + and +neither +aux+S2

The teacher couldn’t come on tme and I couldn’t either.

The teacher couldn’t come on time and neither could I

She didn’t like the movie and Tati didn’t either.

She didn’t like the movie and neither Tati.

Gabuangan setara berlawanan

S1+V1+but/while+S2+do/does not
S1+V2+but/while+S2+did not

S1+aux(V)+but/while+S2+aux not

S1+aux not(V)+but/while+S+aux

She always comes late but I don’t

We don’t have to return the book tomorrow, but he does.

I think that my mother will be interested in reading this novel while my father wont .