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MODAL VERB CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES

CAN  Ask for permission.  Emi can sing.


 Talk or mention an  Can you help me,
ability, skill, inability. please?
 Request something.  Can I borrow your
 Refers a general truth. pen?
 It’s used in PRESENT  They can’t fix the
TENSE. problema.
 It’s neutral
 Negative CAN’T
COULD  Polite request (nicer)  Could you help me?
 Ask for permission  She could speak
 Request something spanish.
 PAST ABILITY.  I could speak 4
 NEGATIVE: COULDN’T languages when i was
/ COULD NOT younger.
 Could i have a talk
with u?
MIGHT  Possibility (35%)  Might I open the
 Ask for permission window, please?
(FORMAL)  It might rain
 Negative: Might not tomorrow.
 You might have called
to say you weren’t
coming.
SHOULD  Give advice.  He should study.
 Express a suggestion  You should take your
 PRESENT TENSE medicine.
 Negative:  Should he read?
Shouldn’t/should not  You shouldn’t try the
lasagna.
MUST  Express an obligation.  I must leave now to
 Real need. catch my train.
 Prohibition.  I must sleep right
 Assumption now.
 Negative: Mustn’t/  You must note at in
must not the classroom.
 Must you wear
sitbealt when you
drive?
HAVE TO  Express an obligation.  You have to work out
 Real need. to fit in that dress.
 Prohibition.  You don’t have to
 Assumption work…
 Negative: Depending  Why did you have to
the tense. go to the party?
 We have had to buy
that car.
 We haven’t had to
buy that car.
BE WILLING TO If you’re ready to do  Those followers are
something. willing to do anything
Negative: depending the for them.
tense.  I was willing to hang
out with you.
 She will be willing to
have several pets in
her own home.
OUGHT TO  Give advice.  She ought not to eat
 Express a suggestion munchies.
 PRESENT TENSE  Mau ought to sleep 8
 Negative: Ought not hours or more.
to  Ought you to study
the modal verbs?
MAY  Ask for something  May I come in,
(really polite) please?
 General it is used to  May I go to the party?
ask in firs person (I)  It may not snow
 Possibility (75%) tomorrow.
 Negative: May Not
BE ABLE TO  When you have the  My sister is able to
ability to do run a maratón.
something.  We will be able to
 Negative: depending read in English.
the tense.  They were able to
drive all night.

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