Thermal loads

Refrigeration & Air conditioning

Copyright © Setiembre de 2019 por TECSUP

 Introduction
• What is the difference between Thermal load and
cooling capacity?

http://inspectapedia.com/aircond/1216s.jpg
 Outcomes
• Calculating the thermal loads of a cooling
chamber to estimate the capacity of the cooling
system
• Select the suitable components in according with
the total thermal load calculation.
Índex
• Outcomes
1. Heat by walls
2. Heat by infiltrated air
3. Heat by products
4. Supplementary loads
5. Selection of compoenents
• Bibliography
 Computing the thermal load

The total refrigeration load of the system on Btu/h

come from several sourses of heat caused by:
1. Heat through the walls
2. Heat due the infiltrated air
3. Heat from products
4. Others
 1-Heat through the walls
• The difference of temperature between outside
and inside of the room causes conduction
transfer of heat. Adding the sun effect over the
ceiling and walls produces radiant heat.
𝑨𝒙𝑻
Q= 𝒆𝟏 𝒆𝟐
+
𝒌𝟏 𝒌𝟐

• A: Area of the wall

• 𝑻: difference of temperature
• e: thickness of the wall
• k:conductivity coefficient
 1-Heat through the walls

Example : How much heat will pass through the

150 mm brick wall of a 10x10 m2 that divides two
environments at 30 °C and -20 °C respectively? .
Calculate for a wall with and without insulation
The insulating material is 6” polyurethane
Kbrick= 62 Kcal-m/hr-m2
Kpoliu=3 Kcal-m/hr-m2
 2-Heat due the infiltrated air

• The air entering the room by opening and closing

the door during the working day and the air
which can be introduced for ventilation

Q = VxNxC
V: Chamber volume
N: Amount of exchanged airs
C: heat from each volume air
 2-Heat due the infiltrated air

Ejemplo: Estimate the infiltrated air for a 10m x 5m

x 3m room. El external enviroment is at 27 °C y
60% de relative humidity. (see the charts)
 3-Heat from products
Loads of products, which are heat (s) content (s)
within the product to be stored; if the product
should be frozen are no additional requirements
for the latent heat of freezing. Some heat is also
the result of chemical changes such as ripening
fruit.
QSC= mCeΔT (calor sensible sobre congel)
QC= mL (calor latente de congelam)
QBC= mCeΔT(calor sensible bajo congel)
 3-Heat from products
Example: They want to freeze 10 MT / day of fish
at -20 ° C. What is the thermal load of the product:
(see tables for specific heats)
Ti= 5 °C
QSC= mCeΔT
QC= mL
QBC= mCeΔT
 4-Supplementary loads
Additional loads caused by such things as electric
lights, motors, tools and also coming from people
- People
- Lighting
- Equipment
 4-Supplementary loads
Finding the additional loads in a chamber where
four people work 8 hours a day and there are 9
luminaires 40 W p / u and a front loader which
operates three hours daily within the chamber.
Qpers= N° pers x Cpers
Qligh= kW x 860x hs/d
Qload= kW x860x hs/d
 Total Thernal load

• To calculate the total thermal load:

Σqi x 1,1
Q= (Kcal/hr)
18
4-Supplementary loads
 4-Supplementary loads
Tabla 5
4-Supplementary loads
4-Supplementary loads
 Bibliography

• Dossat, Roy (1980) Principios de refrigeración. México

D.F.: Continental S.A. (621.56/D93)

• Withman, William (2003) Tecnología de la refrigeración y

aire acondicionado . Madrid: Paraninfo. (621.56/W54/t.1)

• Withman, William (2003) Tecnología de la refrigeración y

aire acondicionado: refrigeración comercial II. Madrid:
Paraninfo. (621.56/W54/t.2)