გაიუს იულიუს კეისარი - კომენტარები გალიის ომის შესახებ

keisari
კომენტარები გალიის ომის შესახებ
თარგმანი და კომენტარები
თეოდორა ყარალაშვილისა და ნიკა ხოფერიასი
ComMentarii de Bello gallico
Tiphlis, MMXV
gaius iulius keisari
komentarebi galiis omis Sesaxeb
mTargmneli:
Teodora yaralaSvili
redaqtireba, samecniero komentarebi da Sesavali:
nika xoferia
ISBN: 978-9941-0-8232-0
sarCevi
Sesavali -----------------------------------------------------1
wigni I -------------------------------------------------------10
wigni II-------------------------------------------------------62
gaius iulius keisari -
კომენაჽები გალიის ომის შესახებ

redaqtorisagan
Galia est Pacata (galia damorCilebulia)

keisris omi galiaSi, romis mier keltur tomTa didi

nawilis dapyroba, antikuri xanis erT-erTi yvelaze
farTomasStabiani samxedro kampaniebis seria iyo, rom-
lis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb sakmaod detaluri cnobebi
gagvaCnia. amaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani wvlili Tavad
gaius iulius keisarma Seitana _ mis kalams ekuTvnis
Txzuleba, romelsac `komentarebi galiis omis Ses-
axeb” ewodeba da exeba keisris meTaurobiT mowyobil
laSqrobebs galiaSi, germaniasa da britaneTSi.
gaius iulius keisris pirovnebisa da misi cxovrebis de-
talebis kvleva yovelTvis iyo da kvlavac aqtualur
Temad rCeba istoriul mecnierebaSi. yovelwliurad
asobiT naSromi qveyndeba misi periodis romis isto-
riaze, keisris samxedro kampaniebze, pirad cxovreba-
ze, samoqalaqo moRvaweobaze. keisars mravali mono-
grafia mieZRvna. bolo periodSi gamocemul naSromebs
Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania filip frimanis
ìulius keisari”, luCiano kanforas ìulius keisari:
xalxis diqtatori” adrian golsvorTis `keisari: kolo-
sis cxovreba”, entoni kamis ìulius keisari: cxovre-
ba”. aseve mravalmxriv sainteresoa 2009 wels, miriam
grifinis redaqtorobiT gamocemuli krebuli keisris
Sesaxeb, romelic keisris epoqas sxvadasxva kuTxiT mi-
moixilavs, maT Soris mis literaturul moRvaweobas.1
1 Philip Freeman, Julius Caesar (New York, 2008); Luciano Canfora, Julius Caesar:
-1-
გაიუს იულიუს კეისაჽი
qarTul enaze iulius keisris Sesaxeb gamocemulia ori

monografia - maTe aleqsiSvilis `gaius iulius cezari”
da levan sanikiZis `keisariada”. keisris epoqas exeba
levan sanikiZis `triumvirati”, aleqsandre wereTlis
`Zveli romis istoriis” monakveTebi, Targmnilia gaius
svetonius trankvilusisa da plutarqes Txzulebebi2,
romlebSic aRwerilia gaius iulius keisris cxovreba
da moRvaweoba.3 gansakuTrebiT unda aRvniSnoT keisris
`galiis omis komentarebis” pirveli wignis qarTuli
Targmani (mTargmneli rusudan canava), romelic dai-
beWda àntikuri literaturis anTologiis” III tomSi.4
the life and times of the people’s dictator (Berkeley, 2007) ; Adrian Keith Goldswor-
thy, Caesar: life of a colossus (New Haven, 2006); Antony Kamm, Julius Caesar: a
life (London, 2006); Miriam T Griffin, A Companion to Julius Caesar (Chichester;
Malden, 2009).
2 plutarqes Txzulebis erT-erTi mTavari wyaro swored keisris
`galiis omis komentarebi” iyo, rac teqstis konkretul monakveTSi
pirdapir moixsenieba: `galiis miwis dapyrobis mizniT ori german-
uli tomi sul axalxan renosze gadmosula. erTi iyo uzipetebis
tomi, meore tenqterebisa. maT winaaRmdeg warmoebul omze keisari
Tavis `dRiurebSi” Semdegs wers...”(Plutarch, Caesar, XXII)
3 maTe aleqsiSvili, gaius iulius cezari (Tbilisi, 1961); levan
sanikiZe, keisariada (Tbilisi, 1989); levan sanikiZe, triumvira-
ti (Tbilisi, 1998); aleqsandre wereTeli, Zveli romis istoria
(Tbilisi, 1992); gaius svetonius trankvilusi, Tormeti keisris
cxovreba, manana gelaSvilis Targmani (Tbilisi, 1994); gaius sveto-
nius trankvilusi, keisrebi, Targmna da komentarebi daurTo mari-
na giorgaZem (Tbilisi, 2011); gaius svetonius trankvilusi, Torme-
ti keisris cxovreba, Targmna da winaTqma da komentarebi daurTo
mixo mosuliSvilma (Tbilisi, 2011); gaius svetonius trankvilusi,
keisarTa cxovreba, 2 tomad, viqtoria juRelis Targmani (Tbilisi,
2014); plutarqe, rCeuli paraleluri biografiebi, t. I-II; Zv. berZn.
Targm. Sesavali da komentarebi daurTo akaki uruSaZem (Tbilisi,
1957, 1987).
4 antikuri literaturis anTologia, t. III (romauli literatura),
Seadgina, winaTqmani da ganmartebani daurTo nana toniam (Tbilisi,
2008).
-2-
misi gamocdileba garkveulwilad gaTvaliswinebulia

Cven momzadebul gamocemaSic. aRsaniSnavia, rom keisari
gamoirCeva Txrobis martivi da Tavis droisaTvis Tana-
medrove stiliT. is Tavis sxva TxzulebaSi, laTinuri
gramatikis Sesaxeb, upirispirdeba arqaizmebis gamoy-
enebas literaturaSi, rogorc es im drois romis res-
publikaSi iyo miRebuli. miuxedavad amisa, Txzulebis
Targmna sakmao Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. bevri detali
calke Seswavlas saWiroebs. amitom Cven gadavwyviteT
samecniero komentarebic dagverTo keisris nawarmoe-
bisaTvis. Targmani Sesrulebulia Loeb Classical Library-s
gamocemaSi Caesar, The Gallic War (Cambridge, 1917, 1958) moce-
muli laTinuri teqstis mixedviT. mTargmneli, Teodo-
ra yaralaSvili didi yuradRebiT muSaobda Txzulebis
TiToeul abzacze, adarebda mas inglisur da rusul
Targmanebsac da SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom teqsti
originalTan maqsimalurad axlos dgas rogorc stil-
isturad, ise antikuri xanisaTvis Sesabamisi termi-
nologiiT, rac xSirad aris problema rusul samecnie-
ro TargmanebSi. aqve gvinda daxmarebisaTvis madloba
gadavuxadoT ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis profesorebs levan gorde-
ziansa da iamze gaguas, romelTac waikiTxes teqsti da
zogierTi sasargeblo miTiTebac mogvces.
keisris `komentarebi galiis omis Sesaxeb” iyofa rva to-
mad (bolo tomis avtori avlus hirciusia5). galiis omis
komentarebi moicavs rogorc galiis dapyrobas Zv.w. 58-
50 wlebSi, aseve kampanias britaneTsa da germaniaSi da
mniSvnelovan cnobebs gvawvdis im droisaTvis romauli
samyarosaTvis naklebad nacnobi am ori mxaris Sesaxeb.
5 keisris legati galiis kampaniis periodSi.
-3-
pirvel or wignSi ganxilulia sami masStaburi movle-

na - helvetebis gadasaxleba da romTan dapirispireba,
brZola svebebis mefe ariovistusTan da omi belgebTan.
keisris galuri kampaniis dawyebamde romi flobda
cizalpur galias (alpebis amieri mxaris) da transalpu-
ri (alpebis imieri mxaris) galiis nawils. am ukanaskne-
lis umetesi sivrce ki romelic Seicavda axlandeli sa-
frangeTisa da belgiis teritoriebs da Sveicariisa da
holandiis nawilebs, jer kidev Tavisufali iyo. galiis
am Tavisufal nawils, romaelebi `banjgvlian galias”
uwodebdnen imis gamo, rom Tavisufal galebs grZeli
Tma hqondaT. mas romaelebi upirispirebdnen romanize-
bul `togamosil galias”.6
galebis garda galiaSi sxva xalxebic cxovrobdnen, maT
Soris berZnebi da finikielebi. gansakuTrebiT mniS-
vnelovani iyo berZnebis daarsebuli qalaqi masilia.
aseve, xmelTaSua zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT sanapiroze
ligurebi Seerivnen keltebs da Camoyalibda kelto-li-
guriuli kultura.
galTa ZiriTadi politikuri erTeuli iyo klani (Pagus)
da ramdenime aseTi klani qmnida toms (Civitas). zogierT
toms mefe hyavda. mefe SeiZleboda klansac hyoloda.
eduebi yovelwliurad irCevdnen erT `vergobrets” anu
kacs, romelsac absoluturi Zalaufleba eqneboda da
erTi wlis Semdeg mas sxva Secvlida. galebs ar hyavdaT
senatis msgavsi organo, romelic ganagebda qveynis saq-
meebs da niSnavda magistratebs.7 galur sazogadoebaSi
umniSvnelovanesi iyo qurumTa (druidTa) da didebul-
Ta kasta. danarCeni xalxi ki keisris mixedviT TiTqmis
6 aleqsandre wereTeli, Zveli romis istoria (Tbilisi, 1992), 264.

7 Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Caesar: life of a colossus (New Haven, 2006), 199-201.
-4-
monur mdgomareobaSi iyo. gali didebulis statussa da

gavlenas gansazRvravda isic, Tu ramdeni meomris Senax-
va SeeZlo mas Tavisi xarjiT. am naxevrad profesionali
meomrebis raodenoba mcire iyo, Tumca kargad iyvnen
SeiraRebulebi da galTa armiis birTvs Seadgendnen.
mTlianobaSi maT jars yovelTvis aklda disciplina da
ar iyo organizebuli. galuri jaris saukeTeso nawili
iyo aristokratebisagan Semdgari kavaleria, romlis
Zalasac keisaric saTanadod afasebda da SemdgomSi Ta-
vis sxva kampaniebSi iyenebda maT. TviTon galebs Soris
omebi umetesad TareSis saxes atarebda, Tumca zogjer
ufro masStaburi dapirispirebebic xdeboda. amis maga-
liTia sekvanebsa da eduebs Soris omi, romlis Sesaxeb
TviTon keisari gvawvdis cnobebs.
galebi da romaelebi erTmaneTs brZolis velze pir-
velad Zv.w. IV saukuneSi daupirispirdnen. daaxl. Zv.w.
390 wels galebma dalaSqres italia da romis kapi-
toliumsac ki Semoartyes alya. Tumca maTi Semdgomi
laSqrobebi italiaSi warumateblad dasrulda. gale-
bi monawileobdnen I da II punikur omebSic moqiravnee-
bad da mokavSireebad rogorc karTagenelebis, ise ro-
maelebis mxareze. romaelebi SeiWrnen galiaSi Zv.w. 125
wels da Zv.w. 121 wlisaTvis daipyres regioni, romel-
sac uwodebdnen `provincias” (Provincia) da SemdgomSi
ewoda narbonis galia (Gallia Narbonensis).8 es mxare iqca
Zv.w. II saukunis miwuruls, CrdiloeTidan Semoseul
kimbrebTan da tevtonebTan dapirispirebis adgilad,
Tumca amis Semdeg aq situacia SedarebiT damSvidda da
`romis galia” gadaiqca mniSvnelovan savaWro centrad.
8 Zv.w. II saukunisaTvis, romaelebi ukve gamoyofdnen cisalpur ga-

lias (Gallia Cisalpina) transalpurisagan (Gallia Transalpina).
-5-
romaelebma gaiyvanes gza espaneTamde _ Via Domitiana.

xmelTaSua zRvispireTis mxareebTan urTierTobam bev-
ri dadebiTi kulturuli Tavisebureba Seitana galeb-
Si, ganviTarda qalaqebi, moiWra adgilobrivi monetebi.
galia ar iyo stabilur mdgomareobaSi rodesac keisa-
ri iq moqmedebas Seudga. transalpuri galia jer kide
aRdgenis procesSi iyo alobrogTa ajanyebis Semdeg
(Zv.w. 63). eduebsa da sekvanebs Soris dapirispireba ki
provinciis usafrTxoebas uSlida xels. seriozuli
problema iyo aseve sekvanTagan mowveuli germanelebi.
keisarma yvela es problema saTanadod Seafasa da moq-
medebas Seudga.
svetoniusi aRniSnavda: ài, ra Caidina [keisarma] Tav-
isi meTaurobis aT weliwadSi. mTeli galia, romelic
mdebareobs pireneis qedis, alpebis, sevenebis da mdin-
areebs ronasa da rains Soris, sul 3200 mili, mTlianad,
mxolod mokavSire da romisTvis samsaxuris gamwevi
tomebis garda, provinciad gadaaqcia da ormoci mili-
oni sesterci yovelwliuri gadasaxadi daakisra.”9
ase iyo omis bolos, magram rodesac avlus hirciu-
si keisris TxzulebisaTvis damatebul nawilSi werda
jer kidev Zv.w. 52 wels, rom mTeli galia dapyrobilia,
misive aRwera aaSkaravebda rom vercingetoriqsis dam-
arcxebis Semdeg danebebuli tomebis garda sxvani kidev
agrZelebdnen ajanyebas da keisars omi dasrulebuli ar
hqonda.10 Cveni gamocema moicavs keisris Txzulebis pir-
vel 2 wigns, romelSic Sedis omi helvetebTan, svebebis
mefe ariovistusTan da brZola belgebTan (Zv.w. 58-57
9 Suetonius, De vita Caesarum, I, XXV, 1.

10 Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Caesar: life of a colossus (New Haven, 2006), 350-
351.
-6-
wlebSi). SesavalSi maT detalur mimoxilvas saWirod ar

miviCnev, radgan sjobs am movlenebs mkiTxveli Tavad
keisris mier aRwerili originaluri teqstiTa da Cven-
gan darTuli samecniero komentarebiT gaecnos.
ratom werda keisari galiis omis Sesaxeb an rodis gamo-
qveynda misi Txzuleba romSi? keisars surda aReniSna
Tavisi damsaxurebebi, raTa eCvenebina rom is imsaxureb-
da xelaxal dawinaurebas, Zalauflebis gaxangrZlive-
bas. mis Txzulebas politikuri miznebi gaaCnda. pompe-
usis kampaniebi, mekobreTa da miTridates winaaRmdeg,
Teofane mitilenelma Caiwera, berZenma swavlulma, ro-
melic Tan axlda mas, keisars ki aseTi samsaxuri ar sWir-
deboda, Tavadac SeeZlo aRewera sakuTari gamarjvebe-
bi. am droisTvis mas ukve gamoqveynebuli hqonda sxva
Txzulebebi da sityvebi, romelTa udidesi nawili aRar
aris SemorCenili.11 ucnobia `komentarebis” yvela wigni
erTdroulad gamoqveynda Tu yoveli wlis Semdeg gamo-
dioda TiToeuli maTgani. savaraudod, isini jer kidev
im dros qveyndeboda, rodesac keisris kampaniebi jerac
ar iyo dasrulebuli.12
`komentarebi galiis omis Sesaxeb” popularuli iyo
rogorc romis imperiis xanaSi, ise Semdgom saukuneeb-
Si da dRemde inarCunebs aqtualurobas. `keisris ele-
ganturad martivi da gramatikulad gamarTuli proza
rCeboda laTinur enasa da literaturasTan moswavle-
Ta pirveli Sexebis wertilad.”13 upirveles yovlisa,
11 iqve, 186-189. keisris `komentarebis” wyalobiT, Cven ufro meti

viciT misi kampaniebis Sesaxeb vidre nebismieri sxva romaeli mxe-
darTmTavris samxedro karieraze. Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, In the name
of Rome: the men who won the Roman Empire (London, 2003), 204.
12 Goldsworthy, In the name of Rome, 204.
-7-
Txzuleba saintereso iyo samxedro moRvaweTaTvis. na-

poleoni, romelic keisars erT-erT udides mxedarT-
mTavrad Tvlida da miiCnevda rom misi samxedro kampa-
niebi aucileblad unda eswavlebinaT, wminda elenes
kunZulze galiisa da samoqalaqo omSi romauli sard-
lobis kritikazec ki muSaobda. is komentarebs toveb-
da keisris nawarmoebis gverdebze Tavisi italiuri
kampaniis drosac. keisris `komentarebSi” aRwerili am-
bebis realurobis Sesafaseblad, adrian golsvorTis
Semdegi magaliTic mohyavs: bevri romaeli senatoris
naTesavi msaxurobda keisris xelqveiT, maT Soris cice-
ronis Zma kvintusi. mas ZmasTan regularuli mimowera
hqonda. Sesabamisad, ciceroni, romelic maRal Sefase-
bas aZlevda keisris Txzulebas (imasac ki aRniSnavda àm
wignis wakiTxvis Semdeg kalams veRar aiReb xelSio”14),
garkveuli iyo relur viTarebaSi, rac, rogor Cans,
Sors ar idga keisris aRwerilobisagan. aRsaniSnavia
isic, rom ciceroni keisris pirdapiri momxre arasdros
yofila da mis mowinaaRmdegeebsac ki miexmro samoqa-
laqo omis periodSi, Tumca obieqturoba ar daukargavs
da keisars yovelTvis saTanadod afasebda.15 II saukunis
berZeni mwerlis lukiane samosatelis mixedviT karg
meistories ori ram unda mosdgamdes _ politikuri gam-
Wriaxoba da Txrobis niWi. lukianosi dauSveblad Tvlis
istoriaSi rogorc poetur, aseve ulazaTo da mdabiur
gamoTqmebs, did da paTosiT aRsavse Sesaval nawilebs,
kicxavs geografiis ar mcodne istorikosebs. uniaTod
miaCnia is istorikosebi, romlebic ver amCneven istori-
14 strategosebi da keisrebi, antikur wyaroTa gaTvaliswinebiT

Seadgina nana toniam (Tbilisi, 2005), 240.
-8-
ul movlenaTa Soris ra aris mniSvnelovani da da zog-

jer umniSvnelo da arafris momcem sakiTxebs met adg-
ils uTmoben. lukiane exeba imaTac, romlebic samxedro
moqmedebebs aRweren, magram am saqmisa araferi gaegebaT
da bevr Secdomas uSveben.16 keisari, romelic sakuTari
laSqrobebis istorias werda, kargad icnobda rogorc
mxaris geografias, rac naTlad Cans mis TxzulebaSi,
aseve gamWriaxi politikosi da SesaniSnavi mxedarTmTa-
vari iyo da arc samxedro moqmedebebis aRweraSi uSveb-
da Secdomebs, misi Txrobis niWiT ki missave periodSi
iyvnen aRfrTovanebulebi.
qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki antiku-
ri literaturiTa da istoriiT dainteresebulTaTvis,
keisris `galiis omis komentarebis” pirveli ori wignis
qarTuli Targmanis gamocema saintereso da mniSvnelo-
vani iqneba, samomavlod ki am Txzulebis sruli varian-
tis gamoqveynebis imeds vitovebT, romelic Seivseba
ufro detaluri da vrceli SesavliTa da samecniero
komentarebiT.
nika xoferia
16 lukianosi, `rogor unda iwerebodes istoria” (20-28), rCeuli

Txzulebani (Tbilisi, 2014), 314-318.
-9-

wigni I
[1] (mTeli) galia iyofa sam nawilad, romelTagan erTi

dasaxlebulia belgebiT17, meore akvitanelebiT18; mes-
ame xalxiT, romelic Tavis enaze keltebad19, Cvensaze
17 dRevandeli belgia da Crdilo-dasavleT safrangeTi.

18 dRevandeli safrangeTis samxreT-dasavleT kuTxe.
19 kelturi tomebi, rogorc calkeuli enobrivi da kulturuli
jgufis xalxi, centralur da dasavleT evropaSi Zv.w. VIII saukuni-
dan Cndebian. maT pirvel dasaxlebad da centrad, saidanac daiwy-
es moZraoba dasavleT evropis mimarTulebiT, iTvleba halStati
(dRevandel avstriaSi).
- 10 -
ki - galebad20 iwodeba. yvela maTganis ena, Cveulebebi

da kanonebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. galebs akvi-
tanielebisagan mdinare garumna21 hyofs, xolo bel-
gebisagan - matrona22 da sekvana23. samTagan umamacesni
arian belgebi, radgan yvelaze Sors arian gadasaxle-
buli kulturuli da ganviTarebuli provinciidan,
maT yvelaze naklebad stumroben vaWrebi, romlebic
vaWroben sulis mosadunebeli fufunebis sagnebiT; da
yvelaze axlos arian germanelebTan, romlebic renu-
sis24 gadaRma cxovroben, da maTTan ganuwyveteli omi
aqvT. am mizezis gamo helvetebic aRematebian danarCen
galebs simamaciT. isini yoveldRiurad omoben german-
elebTan, an igerieben maT Semosevebs, an Tavad iWrebi-
an maT sazRvrebSi. is nawili, romelic rogorc vTqviT
galebiTaa dasaxlebuli, iwyeba mdinare rodanusidan25,
20 miuxedavad imisa, rom keisari ase dawvrilebiT axdens keltu-

ri modgmis xalxTa dayofas maTi tomobrivi saxelwodebebis mixe-
dviT da galebad mxolod mTeli galiis erTi nawili mosaxleobas
asaxelebs, romaelTaTvis belgebi da akvitanelebic, Cveulebriv,
galebad iTvlebodnen. gansakuTrebiT keisris mier galiis dapyro-
bis Semdeg. manamde romaelTa Tvalsawieri ZiriTadad mxolod ci-
salpur (alpebamde) da transalpur (alpebs gadaRma) galias wvde-
boda, romelic romis gavlenis qveS iyo moqceuli.
21 garumna (Garumna) - dRevandeli mdinare garonas laTinuri saxel-
wodeba. saTaves iRebs centralur pireneebSi da miedineba samxreT
safrangeTisa da CrdiloeT espaneTis teritoriaze.
22 matrona (Matrona) - dRevandeli mdinare marna. mdinare senas mar-
jvena Senakadi. miedineba CrdiloeT safrangeTSi.
23 sekvana (Sequana) - mdinare senas laTinuri saxelwodeba. miedineba
CrdiloeT safrangeTSi.
24 renusi (Rhenus) - axlandeli mdinare raini. miedineba dasavleT
evropis ramdenime qveynis teritoriaze (Sveicaria, lixtenStaini,
avstria, germania, safrangeTi, niderlandebi).
25 rodanusi (Rhodanus) - dRevandeli mdinare rona. saTaves iRebs
alpebSi. miedineba Sveicariasa da safrangeTSi.
- 11 -
SemosazRvrulia mdinare garumnaTi, okeaniTa da bel-

gebis qveyniT. agreTve gamoyofilia sekvanebisa26 da
helvetebisagan mdinare renusiT, romelic miedineba
CrdiloeTisaken. belgebis teritoria galiis ukidures
sazRvrebTan iwyeba, miemarTeba qvemo renusisken, Crdi-
loeTisa da aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT. akvitania
aris mdinare garumnadan pirineis mTebamde, da okeanis
im nawilidan, romelic espaneTs exeba, is mdebareobs
Crdilo-dasavleTiT.
[2] helvetTa Soris yvelaze saxelganTqmuli da um-
didresi iyo orgetoriqsi. markus mesalasa da markus
pizos konsulobis dros27 mefobas mowyurebulma
didebulebis ajanyeba moawyo da Tanamoqalaqeebi daar-
wmuna, rom Tavisi sazRvrebidan wasuliyvnen mTeli Ta-
visi ZalebiT: im vaJkacobiT rac maT hqondaT, advili
iqneboda mTeli galiis dapyroba. amaSi isini advilad
daarwmuna, radgan helvetebi yvela mxridan bunebrivi
sazRvrebiT arian garSemortymulni: erTi mxridan gan-
ieri da uRrmesi mdinare renusi, romelic helvetTa mi-
was germanelebisagan yofs; meore mxridan umaRlesi mTa
iura,28 romelic aris helvetebsa da sekvanebs Soris; me-
same mxridan tba lemanusi29 da mdinare rodanusi, rom-
26 sekvanebi (Sequani) erT-erTi yvelaze mravalricxovani da Zlieri

galuri tomi iyo, romelic mdinare sekvanas (senas) sanapiroebze
mosaxleobda. maTi dedaqalaqi iyo vesontio.
27 markus pupius pizo frugi kalpurnianusi da markus valerius me-
sala Zv.w. 61 wels iyvnen konsulebi.
28 mTaTa sistema dRevandel safrangeTSi, Sveicarisa da germania-
Si. grZeldeba savois alpebidan Svarcaldis samxreT mTiswinamde.
mTis laTinuri saxelwodeba `Jura” momdinareobs tyis aRmniSvneli
kelturi sityvis fuZidan - Jur.
29 lemanusis tba - igive Jenevis tba. mdebareobs SveicariaSi. Zve-
li saxelwodeba `lemanusi» modis Zveli berZnuli Limanos (Limenos
Limne)-dan.
- 12 -
lebic Cvens provincias gamoyofen helvetebisgan. es

garemoeba xels uSlida maT gafarToebas da aZnelebda
mezoblebze Tavdasxmas. es Zalian abrazebdaT, radgan
omis surviliT iyvnen Sepyrobili. mosaxleobis sim-
ravlisa da agreTve saomari didebis gamo miiCnevdnen
rom maTi sazRvrebi viwro iyo – sigrZiT 240 da siganeSi
180 mili.30
[3] am mosazrebebiTa da orgetoriqsis zegavleniT waqe-
zebulebma gadawyvites laSqroba moemzadebinaT, ey-
idaT rac SeiZleba meti tvirTmzidi cxoveli da urmebi,
moexnaT rac SeiZleba meti, raTa laSqrobaSi marcvleu-
li sakmarisi hqonodaT, agreTve mSvidoba da megobroba
ganemtkicebinaT mezobel TemebTan. isini fiqrobdnen,
rom am saqmeebis dasrulebisTvis ori weli sakmari-
si iqneboda, saerTo dadgenilebiT gadawyvites mesame
wels gamgzavreba. am sakiTxebis mosagvareblad orge-
toriqsi airCies. man Tavis Tavze aiRo mezoblebTan el-
Coba. am gziT kastikusi, katamantaledis31 Svili, tomiT
sekvani, romlis mamac mravali weli mefobda sekvanebSi
da senatis mier romaeli xalxis megobrad iyo wodebuli,
daarwmuna rom daebrunebina mefoba Tavis tomSi, rasac
adre mamamisi flobda. igive mcdelobisken ubiZga edu-
el32 dumnoriqss, Zmas diviciakusisa33, romelic flobda
30 romauli sazomiT erTi mili aris daaxloebiT 1481 metri.

31 katamantaledi - katamantaledi iyo sekvanTa tomis beladi Zv.w. I
saukuneSi. romis senatis mier miiRo `romis megobris” statusi.
32 eduebi (Aedui) galiis yvelaze mravalricxovan da Zlier toms
warmoadgendnen. isini centralur galiaSi mosaxleobdnen da urT-
ierTobebi hqondaT romaelebTan. ris gamoc sxva galur tomebTan
SedarebiT ufro romanizebulebi iyvnen. maTi dedaqalaqi iyo bi-
braqti.
33 diviciakusi (Diviciacus) iyo erTaderTi kelti druidi, romelsac
antikuri xanis wyaroebidan saxeliT vicnobT.
- 13 -
umaRles Zalauflebas Tavis tomSi da plebsis34 umrav-

lesobas uyvarda, da Tavisi qaliSvilic SerTo colad.
daarwmuna isini, rom es gegmebi advilad ganxorcield-
eboda, radgan Tavad apirebda Tavisi tomis mefobis xe-
lSi Cagdebas: saeWvo ar iyo, rom helvetebi uZlieresni
iyvnen mTel galiaSi; Tavisi ZalebiTa da jariT maTac
daexmareboda Zalauflebis mopovebaSi. amiT gamxneve-
bulebi fics deben da imedovneben rom sami uZlieresi
da umamacesi tomis damorCilebis Semdeg mTel galia-
sac daipyroben.
[4] es ambavi helvetebs damsmenebma auwyes. wesis Tanax-
mad orgetoriqsi aiZules saerTo krebaze gaTokili
gamocxadebuliyo; msjavrdebulis bralis damtkice-
bas cocxlad dawva mohyveboda. gasamarTlebis dRes
orgetoriqsi gamocxadda mTeli ojaxiT35, romelic
Sedgeboda aTi aTasi adamianisagan, agreTve moagrova
yvela mxridan, Tavisi yvela klienti da mevale, rom-
lebic mravlad hyavda. maTi SuamdgomlobiT gadaurCa
gasamarTlebas. amiT aRSfoTebulma Temma scada Sei-
araRebuli ZaliT aResrulebina samarTali, sanam magis-
tratebi xalxs soflebidan agrovebdnen, - orgetoriq-
si mokvda. SesaZloa, rogorc helvetebi fiqroben, Tavi
moikla.
[5] misi sikvdilis miuxedavad helvetebma gaagrZeles
mzadeba, rom rogorc gadawyvetili hqondaT, daetove-
binaT Tavisi sazRvrebi. rodesac CaTvales, rom yve-
34 igulisxmeba mdabio warmoSobis xalxi.

35 am SemTxvevaSi iulius keisari gali beladis òjaxs” rogorc
romaul ojaxs ise ganixilavs da masSi gulisxmobs rogorc ojaxis
wevrebs, ise msaxurebs, monebsa da klientebs. raTqmaunda keltur
sazogadoebaSi es socialuri sakiTxi ufro sxvagvarad iqneboda
warmodgenili.
- 14 -
laferi mzad hqondaT, yvela Tavisi simagre36, ricxviT

Tormeti, soflebi oTxasamde, da danarCeni kerZo nage-
bobebi gadawves; mTeli marcvleuli, imis garda rac Tan
waiRes, dawves, radgan saxlSi dabrunebis aranairi ime-
di ar darCenodaT da mzad yofiliyvnen yvelanairi ga-
saWiris gadasalaxad; TiToeuls nabrZanebi hqonda Tan
wamoeRo sami Tvis samyofi maragi. daiyolies mezobeli
raurikebi, tulingebi da latobrigebi37, rom maTi geg-
mis mibaZviT Tavadac gadaewvaT simagreebi da soflebi
da erTad daZruliyvnen. agreTve miimxres boiebi, rom-
lebic adre cxovrobdnen renusis gadaRma, Semdeg ki
norikis38 miwaze alya Semoartyes noreias39 da utevdnen.
[6] mxolod ori gza iyo, romliTac helvetiidan ga-
mosvla SeiZleboda: erTi sekvanebze gavliT, viwro da
Zneli, mTa iurasa da mdinare rodanuss Soris, romel-
zec urmebi mwkrivad Zlivs gaivlidnen; garda amisa,
36 Oppidum laTinurad niSnavs simagres, cixe-qalaqs. romaelebisT-

vis es droebiT dasaxlebas warmoadgenda da daculi iyo miwayrili-
Ta da xis meseriT. keltebisTvis miwayrilebiT garSemortymuli da
mesriT daculi simagreebi umTavresad mudmiv sacxovreblad iyo
gankuTvnili. msgavsi cixe-qalaqebi dasavleTSi gavrcelebuli iyo
britaneTidan espaneTamde da aRmosavleTiT ungreTis velebamde.
Oppidum iyo iseTi didi kelturi dasaxleba, rogoric gaxldaT bi-
braqti. aseve gergovia, alezia da sxva.
37 helvetTa mezobeli tomebi. latobrigebs (Latobrigi) meorenairad
ewodebodaT latovikebic (Latovici). tulingebis Sesaxeb arsebobs
mosazreba, rom isini germanelebi iyvnen.
38 noriki (Noricum) - Zv.w.VI-I ss. kelturi samefos (an Tormeti tomis
federaciis) romauli saxelwodeba. mdebareobda dRevandeli
avstriis teritoriasa da sloveniis nawilze. ax.w. 16 wlidan gaxda
romis imperiis provincia.
39 noreia (Noreia) - Zveli kelturi qalaqi aRmosavleT alpebSi
(avstria). dRes misi zusti adgilmdebareoba ucnobia da dakargul
qalaqad miiCneva. noreia unda yofiliyo norikis tomTa federaci-
is (Tu samefos) dedaqalaqi.
- 15 -
gadmohyurebda maRali mTa da sul mciresac40 advilad

SeeZlo gzis gadaRobva. meore gza Cvens provinciaze
gadioda, bevrad advili da mosaxerxebeli, radganac
helvetebsa da axlaxans damorCilebul alobrogebs41
Soris, rodanusi miedineba da ramodenime adgilas fons
qmnis. alobrogebis yvelaze Soreuli qalaqi da hel-
vetebis sazRvrebTan yvelaze axlos myofi, aris genava.
am qalaqidan helvetebisken gadebulia xidi. helvetebi
fiqrobdnen rom alobrogebi, romlebic ar uyurebdnen
romaelebs kargi TvaliT, an nebiT gaatarebdnen maT, an
ZaliT aiZulebdnen gaetarebinaT. rodesac yvela saqme
daasrules, dRe daTqves roca yvelani rodanusis na-
pirze unda Sekrebiliyvnen. is dRe iyo mexuTe dRe apr-
ilis kalendebamde, lucius pizonisa da aulus gabiniu-
sis konsulobisas.42
[7] rodesac keisarma Seityo, rom isini Cven provinci-
aze gavlas apirebdnen, daaCqara romidan wamosvla da
SeZlebisdagvarad swrafad Soreul galiaSi Cavida da
genavaSi mivida. mTeli provinciidan ramdenadac Sei-
40 mcirericxovan SenaerTs.
41 alobrogebi (Allobrogi) - mravalricxovani kelturi tomi narbonis
galiaSi. mosaxleobdnen mdinare rodanussa da isaras Soris. dasav-
leTidan esazRvrebodnen segusiavebi, CrdiloeTidan sekvanebi,
samxreTiT vokontiebi. mdinare rodanusi warmoadgenda sazRvars
helvetebsa da alobrogebs Soris, uaxloesi qalaqi ki helvetebis
sazRvarTan gaxldaT genava (Jeneva).II punikuri omis dros alo-
brogebi SeuerTdnen hanibals da masTan erTad ebrZodnen ro-
maelebs. Zv.w. 121 wels kvintus fabius maqsimusma daamarcxa alo-
brogebi, risTvisac miiRo metsaxeli Allobrogicus. keisris galiaSi
yofnis periodSi, alobrogebi ukve romauli gavlenis qveS iyvnen,
Semdeg ki aRmoCndnen provincia narbonis SemadgenlobaSi. William
Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (Boston, 1870), 105.
42 lucius kalpurnius pizo da aulus gabiniusi Zv.w. 58 wels iyvnen
konsulebi.
- 16 -
- 17 -
Zleboda bevri jariskaci gamoiwvia (mTel Soreul ga-

liaSi mxolod erTi legioni iyo), da xidi, romelic iyo
genavasTan, daangrevina. rodesac helvetebma misi mosv-
la Seityves, elCebad gaugzavnes yvelaze warCinebuli
moqalaqeebi, mTavari adgili nameiussa da verukleti-
uss ekavaT, romlebsac unda eTqvaT rom maT yovelgvari
avi zraxvis gareSe surT provinciaze gavla, radgan sxva
gza ar aqvT; da hkiTxes Tu aZlevda amis nebas. keisari,
romelsac axsovda rom konsuli lucius kasiusi hel-
vetebma mokles, misi armia ki gaanadgures da uRelqveS
gaatares43, daTmobas ar fiqrobda. arc imis sjeroda,
rom mtrulad ganwyobili adamianebi provinciaze gav-
lis nebarTvis SemTxvevaSi, Tavs Seikavebdnen kanond-
arRvevisa da danaSaulisagan. Tumca mainc, drois mo-
sagebad, sanam wina brZanebisamebr jari Seikribeboda,
elCebs uTxra rom mofiqrebisaTvis dros sWirdeboda;
Tu maT raime surdaT, aprilis idebisTvis unda dab-
runebuliyvnen.
[8] amasobaSi im legioniT, romelic Tan hyavda da ja-
riskacebiT, romlebic provinciidan Sekriba, tba le-
manusidan, romelic mdinare rodanusSi Caedineba, mTa
iuramde, romelic sekvanebis sazRvrebs helvetebisgan
hyofs, gaavlo 19 milis sigrZis Txrili da kedeli, rome-
lic simaRleSi 16 futs aRwevda.44 am saqmis Sesrulebis
Semdeg garnizonebi ganalaga, simagreebi ganamtkica,
radgan ufro advilad aRekveTa mis unebarTvod mtris
gadmosvlis mcdeloba. rodesac dadga elCebisTvis
daTqmuli dRe da elCebi masTan dabrundnen, uari uTx-
43 es wesi iTvaliswinebda damarcxebuli mtris gadajvaredinebul

Subebs Soris gatarebas, rac maTTvis didi sircxvili iyo.
44 1 romauli futi 29,6 santimetria.
- 18 -
ra, romaeli xalxis Cveulebisa da magaliTis Tanaxmad

ar SeeZlo provinciaze gavlis ufleba mieca vinmesT-
vis, da Tu Zalis gamoyenebiT Seecdebodnen - cxadhyo,
rom SeaCerebda. imedgacruebuli helvetebi gadabmuli
navebiTa da mravali tivis damzadebiT, andac rodanusis
foniT, sadac mdinare yvelaze patara iyo, cdilobdnen
gaRwevas zogjer dRisiT, ufro xSirad ki RamiT. magram
simagreebma, jariskacebis winaaRmdegobam da iaraRiT
mogeriebam CaSala helvetTa mcdelobebi.
[9] rCeboda erTi gza sekvaniaze gamavali, romelzec sek-
vanebis Tanxmobis gareSe, da gzis siviwrovis gamoc, gav-
la ar SeiZleboda. radganac Tavad ver SeZles sekvanebis
dayolieba, elCebi gaagzavnes eduel dumnoriqsTan,
raTa mas moepovebina nebarTva. dumnoriqss sekvanebs
Soris didi gavlena hqonda Tavisi sandomianobisa da gu-
luxvobis gamo, da helvetebTanac megobrobda, radgan
maTi tomidan orgetoriqsis qaliSvili hyavda colad.
mefoba mowyurebuls gadatrialebis mowyoba surda da
amitom undoda rac SeiZleba meti adamiani hyoloda
davalebuli Tavisi xelgaSlilobiT. amgvarad es saqme
Tavis Tavze aiRo da sekvanebi daiTanxma, rom helvetebi
Tavis sazRvrebze gaetarebinaT da mZevlebi gaacvlevi-
na erTmaneTSi, raTa sekvanebs helvetebis laSqrobisaT-
vis xeli ar SeeSalaT, helvetebs ki Zaladobisa da avi
zraxvis gareSe gaevloT.
[10] keisarma Seityo, rom helvetebi apirebdnen sek-
vanebisa da eduebis miwebis gavliT santonebis sazRvre-
bi gadaelaxaT, romlebic Sors ar arian tolosatebis45
45 tolosatebi (Tolosates) - samxreT galiaSi, qalaq tolosasa (ax. tu-

luza) da mis mimdebare miwebze mcxovrebi keltebi.
- 19 -
sazRvrebidan, es teritoria ki provinciaSi Sedis46. Tu

es moxdeboda, didi safrTxe daemuqreboda provincias,
radgan gaumezobldeboda mebrZoli tomi, romaeli
xalxis mteri, gaSlil da nayofier mxareSi dasaxlebu-
li. am mizezebis gamo TavdacviTi zRudis gamgeblad
Tavisi legati47 titus labienusi daniSna, TviTon sas-
wrafod gaeSura italiisken, iq 2 legioni moagrova da
kidev 3 akvileas maxloblad rom izamTrebdnen, sazam-
Tro banakebidan gamoiyvana, da am 5 legionis TanxlebiT
Soreuli galiisaken daiZra umoklesi gziT, romelic
alpebze gadioda. aq keutronebma, graiokelebma da ka-
turigebma48 maRlobi adgilebi daikaves da jarisaTvis
gzis gadaRobva scades. [romaelebma] bevr aseT brZola-
Si gaimarjves ocelumamde, romelic aris qalaqi uax-
loesi provinciis kideSi. Soreuli provinciis vikonti-
is sazRvrebs meSvide dRes miaRwies; aqedan Tavisi jari
alobrogebisken waiyvana, alobrogebisgan ki segusiave-
bisken49. isini arian pirveli tomi provinciis gareT,
46 romaelebma tolosis dasaxleba jer kidev Zv.w. II saukuneSi dai-
kaves da aq provincia narbonis galia Camoayalibes (Gallia Narbonen-
sis).
47 legati (Legatus) - maRali samxedro Tanamdeboba romis jarSi.
dRevandeli generlis eqvivalenti. am wodebas umetesad senatore-
bi euflebodnen. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi legats SeeZlo Caenacv-
lebina mTavarsardali konsuli an prokonsuli.
48 keutronebi, graiokelebi, katurigebi - alpebSi mosaxle tome-
bi. keutronebi (igive kentronebi) narbonis galiis provinciis
erT-erTi tomebi iyvnen da erT dros nerviebis vasalebad iTvle-
bodnen. katurigebi cxovrobdnen mdinare druentias (ax. duransi)
maxlobel miwebze. maTi dedaqalaqi iyo katorimagusi (ax. SorJi),
xolo tomis saxelwodeba savaraudod momdinareobda omis Rmer-
Tis katuriqsis saxelidan. graiokelebi italiis Crdilo-dasav-
leT mxares, alpebsa da zRvas Soris cxovrobdnen.
49 segusiavebi (Segusiavi) - am kelturi tomis saxeli `Zlevamosilebs”
niSnavs. segusiavebi cxovrobdnen lugudunis (ax. lioni) midamoebSi.
- 20 -
rodanusis gadaRma.
[11] amasobaSi helvetebma ukve gaiares viwrobebi da
sekvanTa sazRvrebi, eduebis sazRvrebs miaRwies da
daiwyes maTi mindvrebis aoxreba. eduebma, romlebsac
sakuTari Tavis da qonebis dacva ar SeeZloT, keisars
elCebi gaugzavnes daxmarebis saTxovnelad: isini ro-
maeli xalxis winaSe mudam Tavdauzogavebi iyvnen da la-
mis romauli armiis Tvalwin maTi miwebis aoxreba, [maTi]
bavSvebis monad gataceba, qalaqebis aReba - arasamar-
Tlianiao. imavdroulad ambarebma50, eduebis axlobel-
ma da monaTesave tomma, acnobes keisars rom maTi mind-
vrebic gaCanagda da ar iyo advili maTi qalaqebidan
mtris Zalmomreobis aRkveTa. aseve alobrogebic, rom-
lebsac rodanusis miRma soflebi da qoneba hqondaT,
keisars eaxlnen da daumowmes, rom carieli miwis gar-
da aRaraferi darCenodaT. am viTarebebidan gamomdin-
are, keisarma gadawyvita aRar moecada, sanam helvetebi
mokavSireTa mTel qonebas gaflangavdnen da santone-
bamde51 movidodnen.
50 ambarebi (Ambarri) - galiis tomi, romelTac keisari eduebTan

monaTesave xalxad moixseniebs. Tu mas wavikiTxavT, rogorc Aedui
Ambarri, gamodis rom ambarebi TviTon eduebi iyvnen. isini ar ari-
an aRniSnulebi eduebis vasal tomebSic. ambarebi dasaxlebulebi
iyvnen mdinare rodanusis (ronas) dablobze, aRmosavleTidan ki
emezoblebodnen alobrogebs. am toms aRniSnavs titus liviusic,
eduebTan erTad, im tomTa rigSi, romelTac gadmolaxes alpebi da
SeiWrnen italiaSi romSi legendaruli mexuTe mefis, tarqvinius
priskusis mmarTvelobisas. William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Geography, 119.
51 santonebi (Santoni) - aqvitaniaSi, mdinare garonas saTavesTan mcx-
ovrebi Zlieri galuri tomi. maTi mTavari qalaqi iyo mediolanumi
- Mediolanum Santonum (imperiaSi iyo meore, ufro cnobili mediolan-
umi, romelic CrdiloeT italiaSi mdebareobda da dRes qalaq mi-
lanis saxeliT vicnobT).
- 21 -
[12] mdinare arari52 moedineba eduebisa da sekvanebis

sazRvris gavliT da Caedineba rodanusSi. misi dineba
saocrad nelia, amitom Zneli misaxvedria romeli mimar-
TulebiT miedineba. helvetebma gadabmuli tivebiTa da
navebiT gadalaxes. roca mzveravebma keisars Seatyo-
bines, rom helvetebis samma meoTxedma gadalaxa mdin-
are, xolo erTi meoTxedi nawili mdinare araris meore
mxares darCa, man datova banaki mesame guSagobaze da
sami legioniT mtris im nawils wamoewia, romelic jer
ar gadasuliyo mdinareze. bargiT datvirTulebs, mou-
lodnelad Seutia, mravali amowyvita, danarCenebi gai-
qcnen da maxlobel tyeebSi daimalnen. isini iyvnen tigu-
rinebis53 pagusidan54: mTeli helveti xalxi iyofoda oTx
pagusad. es iyo erTaderTi pagusi, romelic Cvens mamebs
rom axsovT, im dros gamovida Tavisi sacxovreblidan,
mokla konsuli lucius kasiusi da misi jari uRelqveS
gaatara.55 ase rom, moxda es SemTxveviT Tu ukvdavi
52 arari (Arar) - dRevandeli mdinare sona. moedineba aRmosavleT

safrangeTSi da warmoadgens mdinare ronas marjvena Senakads.
53 tigurinebi (Tigurini) - helvet tomTa gaerTianebis erT-erTi
tomi. mosaxleobdnen Sveicariis aRmosavleT mxareSi. istoriul
wyaroebSi pirvelad Zv.w. II saukunis bolos Cndebian, rogorc kim-
brebisa da tevtonebis mokavSireebi da romis mtrebi.
54 pagusi (Pagus) - mcire teritoriuli erTeuli, romelSic Sedi-
oda ramdenime sofeli, mcire qalaqi an vilebi. ar gaaCndaT poli-
tikuri avtonomia, magram hyavdaT sakuTari magistratebi. maTi
saSualebiT pagebi pasuxs agebdnen maT miwaze gamavali gzebis md-
gomareobaze da aseve aqiravebdnen dasamuSavebel miwebs. hqondaT
sakuTari religiuri wes-Cveulebanic. am SemTxvevaSi keisars mx-
vedvelobaSi aqvs helvet tomTa gaerTianebis erT-erTi mxare, ro-
melSic konkretulad tigurinebi saxlobdnen.
55 lucius kasius longinusi Zv.w. 107 wels, rodesac italiis Crdi-
loeTiT germanuli tomebi kimbrebi da tevtonebi gamoCndnen da
safrTxe Seuqmnes roms, gaius mariusTan erTad gaxda romis kon-
suli. kasiusma narbonis galiaSi Seiyvana jari, raTa kimbrebs da-
- 22 -
RmerTebis nebiT, yovel SemTxvevaSi helvetTa tomis im

nawilma, romelmac odesRac romaelebs didi ubedureba
damarTa, pirvelma zRo srulad danaSaulisTvis. amiT
keisarma Suri iZia ara marto mTeli xalxis, aramed pi-
radi wyenisTvisac; radgan imave brZolaSi lucius pi-
zos56 papa lucius pizo, legati, tigurinebma mokles
kasiusTan erTad.
[13] am brZolis Semdeg, helvetTa darCenil Zalebs rom
dasweoda, [keisarma] ararze xidi gaadebina da Tavisi
jari gadaiyvana. helvetebi misi moulodneli moaxloe-
biT SeSfoTdnen, radgan Tavad didi siZneleebiT 20 dRe-
Si gadalaxes mdinare, keisarma ki 1 dReSi moaxerxa, da
elCebi miugzavnes. elCebis meTauri iyo diviko, rome-
lic adre iyo helvetebis sardali kasiusis winaaRmdeg
kampaniaSi. man keisars amgvarad mimarTa: Tu romaeli
xalxi helvetebTan zavs dadebda, isini iqiT wavidodnen
da dasaxldebodnen, saiTac keisari miuTiTebda da moi-
survebda; magram Tu oms jiutad gaagrZelebda, gaexsen-
ebina romaeli xalxis Zveli damarcxebebi da helvetTa
Cveuli simamace. is erT paguss daesxa Tavs moulod-
nelad, roca danarCenebs, romlebmac gadalaxes mdin-
are, ar SeeZloT daxmarebodnen Tavis TanamebrZolebs,
amitom keisars es arc Tavis Zalmosilebad unda CaeT-
vala, da arc helvetebisTvis Seexeda qedmaRlurad. maT
pirispireboda, magram kimbrebis mokavSire tigurinebis beladma

divikom is burdigalasTan (bordo) brZolaSi sastikad daamarcxa,
mokla, xolo misi jaris narCenebi gadajvaredinebul Subebs Soris
gaatara.
56 lucius kalpurnius pizo iyo keisris simamri. mis saxels kei-
sari meore abzacSive axsenebs, rodesac pizosa da mesalas kon-
sulobis periodiT sazRvravs orgetoriqsis mier helvetebs Soris
didebulTa ajanyebis mowyobas.
- 23 -
mamebisa da papebisgan naswavli hqondaT, rom ebrZolaT

vaJkacurad, da ara TaRliTobiTa da CasafrebiT. ami-
tom nu dauSvebs, rom is adgili, sadac dganan, romaelis
xalxis marcxisa da jaris ganadgurebis adgilad iqnes
cnobili, da ase SemorCes istorias.
[14] amaze keisarma ase miugo: is naklebad yoymanobs,
radgan garemoeba rac helvetTa elCebma Seaxsenes kar-
gad axsovs, da es ufro Znelad asatania, radgan romae-
li xalxi marcxs ar imsaxurebda. romaelebs rom Tavi
egrZnoT Zalmomreebad, ar iqneboda Zneli amis Tavidan
acileba, magram isini Secdnen, radgan ar ufiqriaT rom
raime ukanonobas sCadiodnen da arc umizezod SeSinebi-
aT. romc moisurvon Zveli Seuracxyofis patieba, nuTu
axal ukanonobebs daiviwyeben, roca helvetebma moin-
domes keisris nebis sawinaaRmdegod ZaliT gaevloT
provinciaze, roca eduebi, alobrogebi, ambarebi gaaRi-
zianes. gamarjveba, romliTac isini ase qedmaRlurad
trabaxoben da is gaocebac, rom ase didxans dausje-
lad darCnen, amas erTvis. ukvdav RmerTebs sCveviaT,
rom adamianebi umkacresad dasajon garemoebis cvli-
lebiT, rodesac maTi danaSaulisTvis Suris Zieba surT,
da zogjer droebiTi keTildReobiTa da dausjelobiT
ajildoeben. miuxedavad am yvelafrisa, Tu ki mZevlebs
miscemen pirobis Sesrulebis dasturad, da Tu eduebsa
da maT mokavSireebs aunazRaureben zarals, aseve alo-
brogebs daakmayofileben, keisari maTTan zavs dadebs.
divikom upasuxa: helvetebma Tavisi winaprebisagan is-
wavles, rom mZevlebi ki ar miscen, aramed aiyvanon; amis
mowmea romaeli xalxi. am pasuxiT gaSorda.
[15] momdevno dRes banaki im adgilidan aSales. keisar-
mac igive gaakeTa da mTeli mxedroba, 4 aTasamde mxe-
- 24 -
dari, romelic Segrovili hyavda mTeli provinciidan,

eduebisgan da maTi mokavSireebisgan, win gaagzavna,
raTa enaxaT romel mxares gaemarTeboda mteri. isini,
romlebic gaitaca mtris zurgis devnam, mouxerxeb-
el adgilas Seebnen helvetTa mxedrobas; da ramdenime
Cveniani daeca. am brZoliT gamxnevebuli helvetebi,
rom 500 cxenosniT daamarcxes Cveni amxela jari, gaT-
amamdnen da drodadro Cveni zurgis gamowveva daiwyes
sabrZolvelad. keisarma Tavisi jari brZolas moarida,
amjerad sakmarisad miiCnia rom mters aRukveTes Zarc-
va-glejisa da aoxrebis saSualeba. ase rom, daaxloebiT
15 dRe ise midiodnen, mtris zurgsa da Cvens mowinave
jars Soris ara umetes 5 an 6 mili iyo.
[16] amasobaSi keisari yoveldRiurad moiTxovda edue-
bisgan purs, romelsac isini dahpirdnen. sicivis gamo
(radgan galia, rogorc adre iTqva, CrdiloeTSi mde-
bareobs) ara mxolod xorbali ar damwifda mindvrebSi,
aramed sursaT-sanovagec aRar hqondaT sakmarisi. im
xorbliTac ver sargeblobda, romliTac mdinare ararze
gemebi iyo datvirTuli, radgan helvetebma araridan
gadauxvies, keisars ki ar surda maTi kvalis dakargva.
eduebi dRidan dRemde ajanjlebdnen dros, eubnebod-
nen rom xorbals agroveben, ezidebian, miaqvT adgilze.
roca mixvda, rom didi xani atyuebdnen, da moaxlovda
jariskacebisaTvis puris ganawilebis dRe, Sekriba maTi
beladebi, romlebic mravlad hyavda banakSi, maT Soris
diviciakusi da liskusi, romelsac hqonda umaRlesi
Tanamdeboba, rogorc eduebi uwodeben - vergobreti57.
57 rogorc keisari aRniSnavs, liskusis wodeba iyo vergobreti,

rac msajuls, `sasamarTlos kacs” niSnavs. es wodeba gamoiyenebo-
da rogorc eduebSi, aseve arvernebsa da treverebSi. vergobrets
- 25 -
mas irCevdnen erTi wliT da sicocxlisa da sikvdilis

ganCinebis ufleba hqonda TavisianebSi. keisarma isini
mZimed daadanaSaula, radgan ar SeeZlo arc xorblis
yidva da arc mindvrebidan Segroveba. aseTi saWiroebis
dros, mterTan aseTi siaxlovis dros, mas ar exmarebian.
miTumetes, rom es omi did wilad maTi Txovnis gamo dai-
wyo. gansakuTrebiT imaze Cioda, rom miatoves.
[17] maSin da ara ufro adre, keisris sityvam daarwmuna
liskusi eTqva is, rasac aqamde malavda. arian garkveu-
li [pirovnebebi], romelTac gavlena gaaCniaT ubralo
xalxze, ufro meti Zalaufleba, vidre namdvil magis-
tratebs aqvT. esaubrebodnen ra maT meamboxe sityviT,
daaSines xalxi, raTa SeeCerebinaT xorblis Segroveba,
rac evalebodaT: Tu ar SeuZliaT iyvnen galiis saTave-
Si, amjobinon galebis batonoba romaelebisas, radgan
eWvi ar eparebaT, Tu romaelebi daamarcxeben hel-
vetebs, isini waarTmeven eduebs Tavisuflebas, iseve
rogorc danarCen galias. maTgan Cveni gegmebi da banakis
saqmianoba cnobilia mtrisaTvis; magram mas [liskuss] ar
aqvs Zala rom Seakavos isini. ufro metic, imisTvis rom
acnoba keisars is, rac aucilebeli iyo, Tavis Tavs didi
safrTxe Seuqmna. am mizeziT is imden xans dumda, ramde-
ni xanic SeeZlo.
[18] keisari xvdeboda, rom liskusis miniSneba dum-
noriqss, diviciakusis Zmas exeboda, magram amdeni dams-
wris winaSe am sakiTxebis ganxilva ar surda, swrafad
daiTxova sabWo da liskusi Seayovna. ganmartoebuls
irCevda saxalxo kreba (romelSic qurumebi mniSvnelovan rols as-

rulebdnen) da erTi wliT aniWebdnen TiTqmis absolutur Zalau-
flebas. vergobretis wodebas ver miiRebda is, visac hyavda cocx-
ali naTesavi, romelsac erT dros es Tanamdeboba ekava.
- 26 -
- 27 -
ekiTxeba imis Sesaxeb, rac krebaze Tqva. is saubrobs

ufro Tavisuflad da gabedulad. igives sxvebisganac
gamoikiTxavs saidumlod. daadgens, rom simarTlea: es
is dumnoriqsia, yvelaze gabeduli, xalxSi guluxvo-
biT saxelmoxveWili, gadatrialebis mosurne. mravali
wlis manZilze sabaJo da eduelTa yvela sxva gadasaxa-
di ijariT hqonda aRebuli dabal fasad, radgan veravin
bedavda masze maRali fasis SeTavazebas. am saSuale-
bebiT gazarda Tavisi qoneba da didi Semosavali miiRo
meqrTameobisgan. mravalricxovan mxedrobas inaxavda
Tavisi xarjiT da mudam gars hyavda. ara mxolod Ta-
vis qveyanaSi, aramed mezobel TemebSic didi gavlena
hqonda. am Zalis gansamtkiceblad Tavisi deda miaTxo-
va uwarCinebules da uZlieres kacs biturigebs58 Soris;
Tavad helveti coli hyavda; Tavisi da - dedis mxri-
dan - da sxva qali naTesavebi sxvadasxva TemebSi gaaTx-
ova. helvetebis keTilmosurne iyo am naTesaobis gamo,
xolo romaelebi da keisari Tavis mxriv sZulda, radgan
maTma mosvlam daamcro misi Zliereba, xolo mis Zmas -
diviciakuss Zveli dideba da pativi daubrunda. Tuki
damarcxdebodnen romaelebi, imedovnebda helvetebis
daxmarebiT mefobis mopovebas. romaeli xalxis imperia
ara mxolod gamefebis imeds ukargavda, aramed im Za-
lauflebasac emuqreboda, romelsac is flobda. keis-
58 biturigebi (Biturigi) - titus liviusis mixedviT kelturi gali-
is erT-erTi mTavari tomi iyo romSi tarqvinius priskusis (Zv.w. VII
s.) mefobis dros, Tumca Semdeg dasustdnen da uwindeli gavlenac
dakarges. maTi mTavari qalaqi iyo avarikumi (Tanamedrove bur-
Ji). biturigebi iyofodnen or nawilad - biturig-kubebad da bi-
turig-vibiskebad. biturig-kubebi cxovrobdnen mdinare ligeris
(luaris) Sua dinebidan samxreTiT, qalaq avarikumis garSemo cxov-
robdnen, vibiskebi ki garonas qvemo dinebasa da biskais yuresTan
mosaxleobdnen. maTi mTavari qalaqi iyo burdigala (bordo).
- 28 -
arma gamokiTxviT isic gamoarkvia, rom ramodenime dRis

win momxdari cxenosanTa Setakebis dros, pirvelebi
dumnoriqsi da misi cxenosnebi ukuiqcnen, (swored dum-
noriqsi meTaurobda im mxedrebs, romlebic eduebma ga-
moagzavnes keisris dasaxmareblad), maTma gaqcevam dan-
arCen mxedrebsac Tavzari dasca.
[19] am cnobebs da eWvebs utyuari faqtebi daemata:
dumnoriqsma gaatara helvetebi sekvanTa sazRvrebze,
gaacvlevina mZevlebi erTmaneTSi, es yvelaferi gaake-
Ta ara mxolod keisrisa da sakuTari Tanamoqalaqeebis
unebarTvod, aramed maTgan faruladac. eduelTa magis-
trati sdebda mas brals. keisari fiqrobda, rom sakmari-
si mizezebi iyo, rom Tavad gaesamarTlebina dumnoriq-
si, an TemisTvis gadaeca gasasamarTleblad. am yvela
sakiTxis garda iyo erTi winaRoba: misi Zma diviciakusi
uaRresad gulmodgined emsaxureboda romael xalxs,
uaRresad keTilganwyobili iyo, gamoirCeoda sandoo-
biT, samarTlianobiTa da TavdaWerilobiT. amitom keis-
ars ar surda dumnoriqsis dasjiT diviciakusis wyenine-
ba. amgvarad sanam raimes moimoqmedebda, diviciakusi
TavisTan miixmo, mudmivi Tarjimnebi daiTxova da gaius
valerius prokilusis59, galiis provinciis didebulisa
da Tavisi axlo megobris TanxlebiT miiRo, romelsac
sruliad endoboda. keisarma Seaxsena diviciakuss, rac
59 gaius valerius prokilusi (Procillus an trucilusi - Troucillus) -
Zv.w. I saukuneSi moRvawe romanizebuli, romis moqalaqeobis mqone
kelti didebuli helviebis tomidan, romelic keisarTan galiis kam-
paniis dros Tarjimnisa da despanis movaleobebs asrulebda. misi
mama kaburusi da Zma `galiis omis” VII wignSic arian moxseniebulebi,
rogorc vercingetoriqsis Zalebis Semotevisgan helviebis ter-
itoriebis damcvelebi. keisari pativs scemda da afasebda proki-
luss, rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom mas òjaxis megobars” uwodebs da
`galiis omis” teqstSi yovelTvis dadebiTad moixseniebs.
- 29 -
misi TandaswrebiT iTqva galebis sabWoze dumnoriqsis

Sesaxeb, da gaumxila isic rac pirad saubrebSi uTxres.
sTxova da mouwoda, rom Seuracxyofad ar mieRo, Tuki
an Tavad gaasamarTlebda dumnoriqss, an Tems gadascem-
da msjavris gamosatanad.
[20] cremlmdinare diviciakusi moexvia keisars da sTx-
ovda zedmetad mkacrad ar daesaja misi Zma. Tavadac
icoda, rom es simarTlea da masze metad aravin wuxda.
rodesac mas didi gavlena hqonda Tavis tomSi da dan-
arCen galiaSic, dumnoriqss ki umciresi Tavisi axal-
gazrdobis gamo, Zmis wyalobiT amaRlda. axla ki Tav-
is Zalebsa da Rones iyenebs ara mxolod diviciakusis
didebis dasamcireblad, aramed TiTqmis dasaRupadac.
diviciakusi mainc Zmis siyvarulisa da xalxis azris
gamo Relavda. Tu keisari umkacresad moeqceoda dum-
noriqss, aravin daijerebda rom es diviciakusis unebu-
rad moxda, radgan mas megobroba akavSirebda keisarTan.
amis gamo mTeli galia Seaqcevda zurgs. aseTi sityvebiT
evedreboda atirebuli diviciakusi keisars, keisarma ki
misi marjvena xeli aiRo, sTxova damSvidebuliyo da See-
wyvita mudara. amgvarad auxsna, rom imdenad didia di-
viciakusis damsaxureba, rom misi Txovnis gamo apatiebs
dumnoriqss danaSauls respublikis winaSe da pirad
wyenasac. dumnoriqsi TavisTan miixmo, Zmis winaSe; auwya
raSi adanaSaulebda; rac TviTon icoda da ra saCivre-
bic sxvebma uTxres; gaafrTxila, rom momavalSi yvela-
nairi eWvi aeridebina Tavidan; uTxra, rom warsuli Zmis
xaTriT apatia. dumnoriqss moTvalTvaleebi miamagra,
rom scodnoda ras akeTebs an vis elaparakeba.
[21] imave dRes mzveravebma keisars acnobes, rom mteri
dabanakda mTis Ziras, romaelTa banakidan 8 milze. gag-
- 30 -
zavna xalxi rom daezveraT mTa da Semogareni Tu ro-

gori iyo asasvlelad. Seatyobines, rom advili iyo. mes-
ame guSagobisas titus labienuss, pretoris uflebebiT
aRWurvil legats ubrZana daekavebina simaRle ori
legioniTa da megzurebiT, romlebmac icodnen asasv-
lelebi. mas Tavisi gegma gaacno. Tavad, meoTxe saguSago
Rames60, swrafad gaeSura im gziT, romliTac mteri mid-
ioda da win gagzavna mTeli mxedroba. publius konsidi-
usi, romelic samxedro saqmeSi yvelaze gamocdili iyo,
(lucius sulasTan, Semdeg ki markus krasusTan msax-
urobda), mzveravebTan erTad gaigzavna.
[22] ganTiadze lucius labienusma mTis mwvervali
daikava, Tavad keisari ki mtris banakidan ara umetes
mil-naxevriT iyo daSorebuli. da rogorc Semdeg gaigo
tyveebisagan, verc misi da verc labienusis miaxloeba
ver SeamCnies. konsidiusma cxeni moaWena masTan da uTx-
ra, rom mTa, romlis dakavebac labienuss ebrZana, mters
eWira: amas galuri iaraRiTa da samSvenisebiT mixvda.
keisarma axlomdebare borcvisken daixia da jari sa-
brZolo wesiT ganalaga. labienuss nabrZanebi hqonda,
ar SeerTeboda brZolas, sanam misi meomrebi ar gamoCn-
debodnen mtris banakTan. amgvarad mters erTdroulad
Seutevdnen yvela mxridan. ase rom, labienusi, mwver-
valze gamagrebuli, elodeboda mTavar Zalebs da Tavs
ikavebda brZolaSi CarTvisgan. dRis bolos mzverave-
bisagan keisarma Seityo, rom mTa misianebs aqvT daka-
vebuli da helvetebi banaks yrian, xolo konsidiusma
SiSisgan damfrTxalma, is acnoba rac ar daunaxavs. im
dRes is mihyva mters Cveul manZilze da dabanakda maTi
banakidan 3 milze.
60 RamiT banakis guSagebi ramdenjerme icvlebodnen, amitom Rame

pirobiTad amis mixedviT iyofoda.
- 31 -
[23]momdevno dRes 2 dReRa rCeboda jariskacebisT-

vis puris ganawilebamde, radganac ara umetes 18 mil-
ze imyofeboda bibraqtidan –eduebis yvelaze didi da
kargad momaragebuli qalaqidan – gadawyvita sakvebze
ezruna. amgvarad, helvetebisgan piri ibruna da mTeli
siCqariT bibraqtisken gaeSura. es cvlileba mters ac-
nobes gaqceulebma, lucius emiliusisagan, galuri ka-
valeriis meTaurisagan. SesaZloa, helvetebma ifiqres
rom romaelebi ukan ixevdnen SiSis gamo, miTumetes rom
wina dRes brZolaSic ar CarTulan simaRlis dakavebis
Semdeg, an CaTvales rom romaelebs gzas gadauWrid-
nen marcvleulisaken. yovel SemTxvevaSi, helvetebma
Secvales Tavisi mimarTuleba, gamoedevnen da romael-
Ta zurgis Seviwroeba daiwyes.
[24] rogorc ki es SeamCnia, keisarma ukan daxia Tavisi jar-
ebi maxlobeli borcvisken da mxedrebi gagzavna mtris
Semotevebis mosagerieblad. amasobaSi ferdobis SuaSi
veteranTa 4 legioni sam rigad daawyo. xolo maT zemoT
ganalaga is ori legioni, romelic bolo xans axlo ga-
liaSi hyavda Segrovebuli, da yvela damxmare Zala, ase
rom mTeli mTa adamianebiT Seivso; brZana, simZimeebi da
bargi erT adgilas SeegrovebinaT, romelic unda gae-
magrebinaT zeda xazze ganlagebul meomrebs. helvetebi
mTeli Tavisi urmebiT daedevnen da simZimeebi erT adg-
ilas Seagroves; SemWidroebuli rigebiT ukuagdes Cve-
ni cxenosnebi da falangad dawyobilebma Cvens pirvel
mwkrivs Semouties.
[25] keisarma pirvel rigSi sakuTari, Semdeg ki danar-
Cenebis cxenebi TvalTaxedvis aridan moacilebina,
raTa yvelas Tanabar safrTxeSi egrZno Tavi da gaqcevis
yvelanairi imedi gaeqro. meomrebisadmi gamamxnevebe-
- 32 -
li sityvis Semdeg keisaric brZolaSi CaerTo. legio-

nerebma maRlobidan, advilad gaarRvies mtris mWidro
wyoba xelSubebis sroliT, da rodesac isini dafan-
tes, maxvilebi iZres da Seuties. galebs Zalian eSle-
bodaT xeli brZolaSi, radgan maTi ramdenime fari ise
imsxvreoda da elursmeboda erTmaneTs erTi xelSubis
moxvedris Semdeg, rom misi amoZroba SeuZlebeli xde-
boda, da meomrebs xels uSlida marcxena xelis xmare-
baSic. bevri, didxans xelis qnevis Semdeg, amjobinebda
gadaegdo fari da daucveli sxeuliT ebrZola. bolos,
WrilobebiT gatanjulebma daiwyes ukan daxeva maxlobe-
li mTisaken, romelic daaxloebiT 1 milze mdebareobda.
daikaves simaRle, da Cvenebi rom ukan mihyvnen, boiebma
da tulingebma, romlebic daaxloebiT 15 aTasi iyvnen
da mtris jars zurgidan ketavdnen da ariergards war-
moadgendnen, Ria flangidan Semogvities da alya Semog-
vartyes. es rom dainaxes helvetebma, romlebic mTaze
iyvnen asulebi, isev daiwyes Jleta da brZola ganaax-
les. romaelebma sapasuxod 2 mxridan Seuties: pirve-
li da meore mwyobri damarcxebul da ukuqceul mters
daupirispirda, mesamem ki axalmosulebi SeaCera.
[26] aseTi ormxrivi brZola didxans grZeldeboda da
Setakeba iyo sastiki. roca ufro didxans Cveni Setevis
mogerieba ver SeZles, nawilma, rogorc adreve hqon-
daT dawyebuli, mTa daikava, danarCenebi Tavis barg-
Tan da urmebTan dabrundnen. mTeli brZolis manZilze,
romelic Svidi saaTidan saRamomde gagrZelda, mtrebs
erTmaneTis zurgi ar unaxavT. brZola gvian Ramemde
grZeldeboda bargTanac, radgan maT urmebiT Caxerges
sangrebi da simaRleebidan xelSubebs uSendnen Cvens
mowinaveebs, zogierTebi ki urmebisa da borblebis qveS
- 33 -
moTavsdnen, matarebsa da trigulebs61 esrodnen Cven-

ebs da Wridnen. didi xnis brZolis Semdeg Cvenebma Se-
Zles bargisa da banakebis xelSi Cagdeba, sadac orge-
toriqsis qaliSvili da erT-erTi vaJic tyved aiyvanes.
am brZolidan daaxloebiT 130 aTasi adamiani gadarCa da
mTeli Rame SeuCereblad iares. [Ramis arc erT nawilSi
ar Sewyvetila marSi]; 3 dRis Semdeg lingonebis62 saz-
Rvrebs miaRwies, Cvenebma ver moaxerxes maTi devna me-
brZolebis Wrilobebisa da micvalebulTa dakrZalvis
gamo [3 dRe dayovndnen]. keisarma lingonebs werilebi
da macneebi gaugzavna, ar daxmarebodnen helvetebs arc
puriTa da arc sxva raimeTi, xolo Tu daexmarebodnen
maTac ise moeqceoda, rogorc helvetebs. Tavad 3 dRis
Semdeg mTeli jarebiT daiZra maTken.
[27] yvelanair sursaTs moklebuli helvetebi iZule-
buli gaxdnen keisarTan elCebi gaegzavnaT Sewyalebis
saTxovnelad. mas gzaze Sexvdnen, mis fexebTan daecnen
da cremlebis frqveviT mSvidoba sTxoves. keisarma
ubrZana iq dalodebodnen, sadac imJamad iyvnen da isi-
ni daemorCilnen. roca iq mivida, moiTxova mZevlebi,
iaraRi da romaelebisgan gaqceuli monebi. sanam eZebd-
nen da agrovebdnen am yvelafers, daRamda. daaxloebiT
6 aTasi kaci, Tavisi pagusidan, romelsac verbigenusi63
61 matara (Matara), trigula (Trigula) - matara ewodeboda mZime da xel-

SubTan SedarebiT mozrdil Subs, trigula ki msubuqi xelSubi iyo.
62 lingonebi (Lingoni) - kelturi tomi, romelic saxlobda marnisa
(Matrona) da senas (Sequana) saTaveebTan. Zv.w. 400 wlisTvis maTma naw-
ilma gadalaxa alpebi da cisalpiur galiaSi dasaxlda. lingonebi
enaTesavebodnen boiebsa da senonebs. SesaZloa maT monawileobac
miiRes Zv.w. 390 wels galebis mier romis dalaSqvraSi.
63 verbigenebi (Verbigeni) - helvetebis konfederaciis erT-erTi
tomi, romelic iuras mTebsa da lemanis tbas Soris cxovrobda.
maTi dedaqalaqi iyo urba (orbe).
- 34 -
ewodeboda, SiSisgan dazafrulebi, rom iaraRis Cabare-

bis Semdeg mkacrad daisjebodnen, an Tavdaxsnis imediT
aRvsilebi, rom tyveTa amxela raodenobaSi maTi gaqceva
daifareboda an saerTod SeumCneveli darCeboda, mwux-
ris dadgomisTanave gaiqcnen helvetTa banakidan da
gaeSurnen mdinare renusisa da germanelTa sazRvrebi-
saken.
[28] rodesac keisarma es gaigo, im tomebs, romelTa ter-
itoriazec verbigenebs gaevloT, ubrZana moeZebnaT da
ukan daebrunebinaT, Tu surdaT udanaSauloebi darCe-
niliyvnen. dabrunebulebs mtrebiviT moeqca. danarCen-
ebi Seiwyala mZevlebis, iaraRisa da gaqceuli monebis
gadmocemis gamo. helvetebs, tulingebsa da lato-
brigebs ubrZana dabrunebuliyvnen TavianT sazRvrebSi,
saidanac aiyarnen. da radganac mTeli mosavali ganad-
gurebuli hqondaT da saxlSi aRaraferi egulebodaT
rom SimSili moeklaT, keisarma alobrogebs ubrZana
maTTvis puri miecaT. aseve helvetebs ubrZana sakuTari
gadamwvari qalaqebi da soflebi aRedginaT. mTavari
mizezi amis gakeTebis iyo is, rom mas ar surda dausaxle-
beli darCeniliyo miwebi, saidanac helvetebi aiyarnen,
radgan nayofieri savargulebis gamo SesaZloa renusis
gadaRma mcxovrebi germanelebi TavianTi sazRvrebidan
gadmosaxlebuliyvnen helvetebis teritoriebze da
gamezoblebodnen galiis provinciasa da alobrogebs.
keisarma daakmayofila eduebis Txovna, rom maTTan
dasaxlebuliyo simamaciT ganTqmuli boiebis tomi. e-
duebma maT misces miwebi da Semdeg ki iseTive uflebebi,
rogoric Tavad hqondaT miRebuli.
[29] helvetebis banakSi napovni iqna berZnuli asoebiT
Cawerili siebi, romlebic keisars miutanes. siebSi aR-
nusxuli iyo yvela, vinc Tavisi miwebi datova da iaraRis
- 35 -
xmareba SeeZlo, calke bavSvebi, moxucebi da qalebi.

mTeli am angariSiT helvetebi 236 aTasi aRmoCndnen, 36
aTasi tulingi, 14 aTasi latobrigi, 23 aTasi rauraki64,
23 aTasi boii, amaTgan 92 aTass SeeZlo iaraRis xmareba,
mTeli raodenoba ki daaxloebiT 368 aTasi iyo. rogorc
keisarma brZana, cenzorma aRricxa isini, vinc saxlSi
dabrundnen da aseTi aRmoCnda 110 aTasi.
[30] helvetebTan omis dasrulebis Semdeg keisarTan
TiTqmis mTeli galiidan Camovidnen elCebi da tome-
bis princepsebi mosalocad: isini acnobierebdnen, rom
Tumca keisarma helvetebs Zveli danaSaulebebis gamo
miuzRa, rac romaeli xalxis winaSe hqondaT daSvebuli
omebSi. magram maTi damarcxeba galebisTvisac iseTive
sasargeblo iyo, rogorc romaeli xalxisaTvis, radgan
helvetebma TavianTi nayofieri miwebi mxolod imitom
datoves, rom ganzraxuli hqondaT mTeli galiis dapy-
roba da Zalauflebis mopoveba. isini apirebdnen farTo
velebidan yvelaze vargisi da uxvmosavliani adgilebi
TavianT sacxovreblad amoerCiaT, danarCeni miwebi ki
daexarkaT. elCebma iTxoves keisris nebarTviT daniSnu-
liyo erTi dRe mTeli galiis warmomadgenelTa krebi-
saTvis, surdaT emsjelaT garkveul sakiTxebze da saer-
To Tanxmobis Semdeg keisrisaTvis TxovniT miemarTaT.
nebarTva miiRes, daTqves Sekrebis dRe da daifices, rom
veravin gaigebda krebis dadgenilebebs monawile pire-
bis garda.
[31] am krebis daSlis Semdeg igive tomebis beladebi,
64 raurakebi, raurikebi (Rauraci) - helvetebis mezobeli, mokavSire

an maTi konfederaciis wevri kelturi tomi, romelmac helveteb-
Tan erTad datova samSoblo Zv.w. 58 wels. Zv.w. 44 wels maT terito-
riaze daarsda romauli kolonia Augusta Raurica.
- 36 -
romlebic adrec iyvnen keisarTan, dabrundnen da sTx-

oves gancalkevebiT molaparakeboda maT piradul da
sayovelTao sakiTxebze. rodesac nebarTva miiRes, Tv-
alcremlianebi daemxnen keisris fexebTan da ganucxa-
des rom SiSobdnen ver mieRoT rac surdaT, Tu naTqva-
mi gamJRavndeboda, tanjvas ver gadaurCebodnen. maTi
saxeliT eduelma diviciakusma ilaparaka: mTeli galia
or nawilad iyofa, erTSi pirveloba upyriaT eduebs,
xolo meoreSi arvernebs65. isini erTmaneTs ise da imden
xans ebrZodnen ZalauflebisaTvis, rom moxda Semdegi
- arvernebma da sekvanebma daiqiraves germanelebi.66 Ta-
vidan daaxloebiT 15 aTasma germanelma gadmolaxa re-
nusi67, magram mas Semdeg rac am gauTlel barbarosebs
moewonaT galiis miwebi, yofa-cxovreba da siuxve, ufro
metni gadmovidnen. axla galiaSi 120 aTasamde german-
elia. eduebi da maTi xelqveiTebi bevrjer SeebrZol-
65 arvernebi (Arverni) - yvelaze Zlevamosili tomi galebs Soris

Zv.w. III-II saukuneebSi, eduebis mTavari mowinaaRmdege galiis hege-
moniisTvis brZolaSi. cxovrobdnen galiis centralur nawilSi
(overnis provincia dRevandel safrangeTSi). arvernebis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani cixesimagre iyo gergovia. arvernebma gadamwyve-
ti roli Seasrules galiis ajanyebaSi keisris winaaRmdeg Zv.w. 52
wels, romelsac saTaveSi maTi beladi, vercingetoriqsi Caudga.
66 germanul tomTa es talRa TiTqmis mTlianad svebTa (svevTa)
tomisgan Sedgeboda. svebebi erTgvar tomobriv federacias qm-
nidnen, romelSic Sediodnen iseTi germanuli tomebi, rogorebic
iyvnen kvadebi, semnonebi da germundurebi. Zv.w. II-I saukuneeSi maT
daikaves mdinare elbas, mainis, nekarisa da zemo rainis auzi, Zv.w.
71 wlidan daiwyes SeWra galiaSic. tacitusi svebebad moixseniebs
venedebs, estebsa da bastarnebsac. keisris `komentarebi galiis
omis Sesaxeb” pirveli wyaroa, sadac svebebis Sesaxeb cnobebs vx-
vdebiT.
67 es 15 000 meomari, romelTac mniSvnelovani daxmareba gauwies
arvernebs da sekvanebs magetobrigTan brZolaSi eduebis damarcx-
ebaSi, svebTa tomidan iyvnen.
- 37 -
- 38 -
nen maT, magram didi zarali ganicades, mTeli maRali

wodeba, senati da mxedroba dakarges. am brZolebiTa
da zaraliT dasustdnen eduebi, romlebic cnobilebi
iyvnen Tavisi simamaciT, romaelebis mimarT ki pativ-
iscemiTa da megobrobiT mTel galiaSi. iZulebulebi
gaxdnen sekvanebisaTvis mZevlad miecaT uwarCinebule-
si moqalaqeebi da ficic daedoT, rom arc mZevlebis
dabrunebas moiTxovdnen, arc romael xalxs mimarTa-
vdnen dasaxmareblad, arc winaaRmdegobis gawevas ecde-
bodnen da mudam morCilebaSi iqnebodnen. diviciakusi
erTaderTi iyo eduelTa Soris, romelsac verc fici
daadebines da arc Svilebi miucia mZevlad. amitom is
gamoiqca Tavisi qveynidan da romSi Cavida senatisaTvis
daxmarebis saTxovnelad, rameTu arc ficiT iyo Sekru-
li da arc mZevlebi hyavda micemuli. magram damarcx-
ebul eduebze uaresi bedi gamarjvebul sekvanebs ewiaT:
germanelebis mefe ariovistusma68 SeierTa maTi miwebis
mesamedi, romelic mTels galiaSi saukeTeso iyo. axla
ki meore mesamedis gaTavisuflebas ubrZanebda, radgan
ramdenime Tvis win 24 aTasi harudi69 SeuerTda da maT-
Tvis samosaxlo adgili unda gaemzadebina. ramdenime
weliwadSi mTeli galia daicleba galebisagan da yvela
germaneli gadmolaxavs renuss. marTlac Sedareba ar
SeiZleba galebisa da germanelebis miwebis, arc maTi cx-
68 ariovistusi (Ariovistus) - germaneli svebebis mefe Zv.w. I saukuneSi.
Zv.w. 59 wels miiRo `romis mokavSirisa da megobris” wodeba. mis Ses-
axeb ZiriTadi cnobebis wyaro iulius keisris Txzulebaa.
69 harudebi, xarudebi (Harudes) - germanuli tomi, romelic ptol-
emaiosis `geografiis” mixedviT kimbrTa naxevarkunZulis (iut-
landiis) aRmosavleT sanapiroze iyo gansaxlebuli. maTi saxelis
mixedviT savaraudebelia, rom harudebs unda ecxovraT norvegiis
samxreT-dasavleT sanapiroebze, hordalandSi. keisris mixedviT
harudebi iyvnen svebTa mefis ariovistusis mokavSireebi.
- 39 -
ovrebis wesis. mas Semdeg rac galebi erTxel magetobri-

gasTan70 daamarcxa, ariovistusi ufro qedmaRlurad da
sastikad mbrZaneblobs, warCinebulTa Svilebs mZevlad
iTxovs da maT samagaliTod mkacrad sjis, Tuki raime
misi Tanxmobis an neba-survilis gareSe gakeTdeba. is
aris barbarosi, ficxi da ugunuri adamiani. galebs misi
mbrZaneblobis atana aRar SeuZliaT. Tu keisari da ro-
maeli xalxi ar daexmarebian, isini iZulebulebi iqnebi-
an helvetebs mibaZon, ese igi samSoblodan gadasaxld-
nen, moZebnon sxva sacxovrebeli, germanelebisagan Sors
myofi sxva dasaxleba da gamoscadon yvelaferi, rasac
bedi argunebT. Tu ariovistusi amas gaigebs, eWvgareSea,
usastikesad dasjis yvela mZevals, vinc hyavs. keisars
SeuZlia Tavisi avtoritetiT, an jariT, an bolodroin-
deli gamarjvebiT, an romaeli xalxis saxeliT daaSi-
nos da aRkveTos mrvalricxovan germanelTa gadmosvla
renusze da daicvas mTeli galia ariovistusis Zalmom-
reobisagan.
[32] diviciakusis am sityvis Semdeg yvela damswrem
xmamaRali godebiT dauwyo keisars daxmarebis Txov-
na. keisarma SeniSna, rom ar iqceodnen ase mxolod sek-
vanebi da mwuxared TavCaqindrulebi miwas dascqerod-
nen. gakvirvebulma hkiTxa ra SeiZleboda amis mizezi
yofiliyo. sekvanebma araferi upasuxes, aramed kvlav
agrZelebdnen mdumared wuxils. roca SekiTxvis gameo-
rebis miuxedavad sekvanebma xma ar amoiRes, isev eduel-
ma diviciakusma upasuxa: `sxvebTan SedarebiT sekvanebs
70 brZola magetobrigasTan (dRevandeli qalaqi amaJi, franS-kon-
tes regionSi, aRmosavleT safrangeTSi) Zv.w. 63 wels moxda. sek-
vanebma da arvernebma, svebebis mefe ariovistusis daxmarebiT
daamarcxes eduebis jari. brZolaSi savaraudod 15 000-mde svebi
monawileobda.
- 40 -
yvelaze Sesabralisi da mZime mdgomareoba aqvT, ase rom

faruladac ki ver iTxoven daxmarebas, ariovistusis si-
sastikis dauswrebladac ise eSiniaT, TiTqos maT winaSe
idges. sxvebs, miuxedavad dabrkolebebisa, mainc aqvT
saSualeba Tavi daaRwion ariovistuss, sekvanebs ki es ar
SeuZliaT, radgan Tavis sazRvrebSi miiRes da yvela qa-
laqi misi Zalauflebis qveSaa, amitom uwevT yovelgvari
tanjvis atana.”
[33] am ambebis mosmenis Semdeg, keisarma galebi Tavisi
sityvebiT gaamxneva, dahpirda rom Tavad mixedavda yve-
lafers. mas didi imedi hqonda, rom ariovistusisadmi
adre gaweuli sikeTisa da Tavisi avtoritetis gavleniT,
SeZlebda misi Zalmomreobis SeCerebas. am sityvebis
Semdeg kreba daiTxova. amaT garda, sxva garemoebebic
afiqrebinebda, rom xeli moekida am saqmisTvis: pirvel
rigSi, is xedavda rom eduebi, romlebic senatis mier
sisxlismier Zmebad iwodebodnen, germanelebs monobasa
da morCilebaSi hyavdaT. agreTve icoda, rom maTi mZev-
lebi hyavdaT ariovistussa da sekvanebs. es ki, romaeli
xalxis didebis Jams, samarcxvinod miaCnda TavisTvisac
da saxelmwifosTvisac. aseve, romaelTaTvis saSiSad
miaCnda, rom germanelebi TandaTanobiT daeCvivnen re-
nusis gadmolaxvasa da galiaSi didi raodenobiT saxl-
debodnen. keisari Tvlida, rom es veluri da mZvinvare
barbarosi xalxi mTeli galiis dapyrobis Semdeg ar gaC-
erdeboda, aramed, rogorc adre kimbrebi da tevtonebi
moiqcnen71, SeiWrebodnen provinciaSi da iqidan italia-
71 CrdiloeT germaniidan wamosuli kimbrebi da tevtonebi am-
bronebTan erTad Zv.w. 113 wels gamoCndnen romis respublikis
sazRvrebTan. Tavdapirvelad isini axali miwebis ZiebaSi iyvnen da
ar gegmavdnen italiis dalaSqvras, magram rodesac maTi Zlierebi-
Ta da mravalricxovnobiT damfrTxalma romaelebma Tavad scades
- 41 -
Si gadavidodnen. miTumetes, rom sekvanebs provinciisa-

gan mxolod mdinare rodanusi gamohyofs. [keisari] miiC-
nevda, rom es yvelaferi droulad unda aRkveTiliyo.
Tavad ariovistusic ise gayoyoCda da iseTi mediduri
gaxda, rom amis moTmena aRar SeiZleboda.
[34] amgvarad, keisarma gadawyvita ariovistusTan elCe-
bi gaegzavna, raTa misTvis moeTxovaT SexvedrisaTvis
aerCia orive mxarisagan Tanabrad daSorebuli adgili,
radgan keisars surda ariovistusTan erTad ganexila
saxelmwifosaTvis da maTTvis orivesaTvis umniSvnelo-
vanesi sakiTxebi. elCobas ariovistusma upasuxa, rom
rame saqme rom hqonoda keisarTan, Tavad mividoda mas-
Tan; xolo Tu keisars surs misgan raime, TviTon unda
movides ariovistusTan. amis garda, verc imas gabedavs,
rom jaris gareSe gadavides galiis im nawilebSi, rom-
lebic keisars aqvs dakavebuli, da verc imas SeZlebs,
rom jars Tavi mouyaros didi samzadisisa da Zalebis
daZabvis gareSe. ariovistuss aocebs, ra saqmeebi aqvT an
keisars an romael xalxs mis galiaSi, romelic brZoliT
moipova.
[35] misi pasuxi keisars moaxsenes. man meored gaagzavna
elCebi Semdegi SetyobinebiT ariovistusisadmi: ram-
denadac, TviTon keisari da romaeli xalxi keTilgan-
wyobiT epyroboda da ajildoebda ariovistuss, mas
xom swored keisris konsulobis dros mianiWa senatma
mefisa da romaelTa megobris tituli, ariovustusma
keisarsa da romael xalxs madloba imiT gadauxada, rom
maTi ganadgureba, SeebrZolnen maT da sastikad daamarcxes ramden-
ime brZolaSi. italias germanelTa Semosevis safrTxe daemuqra, ma-
gram sabolood konsulma gaius mariusma Zv.w. 101 wels cal-cal-
ke moaxerxa kimbrebisa da tevtonebis ganadgureba, risTvisac mas
`romis mxsneli” da `romis meore damaarsebeli” uwodes.
- 42 -
mosalaparakeblad misvlazec ki uari ganucxada da us-

argeblod Tvlis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis ganxilvas.
amitom keisari misgan moiTxovs: pirvel rigSi, aRikve-
Tos [germanelTa] masobrivi gadmosvla renusis gaR-
midan galiaSi; Semdeg mZevlebi, romlebic eduebisagan
aiyvana, ukan daubrunos da inebos, sekvanebsac ufleba
misces edueli mZevlebi gaaTavisuflon; aRar daCagros
eduebi, aRar eomos maT da maT mokavSireebs. Tuki ario-
visti am yvelafers aRasrulebs, samudamod SeinarCu-
nebs keisrisa da romaeli xalxis keTilganwyobasa da
megobrobas. Tuki ase ar moiqceva, keisari uyuradRebod
ar datovebs eduebis gaWirvebas, radgan markus mesala-
sa da markus pizos konsulobis dros senatma daadgina,
rom galiis provinciis mmarTvelma unda daicvas eduebi
da romaeli xalxis sxva megobrebi respublikis inter-
esebis Sesabamisad.
[36] amaze ariovistusma upasuxa, rom omis kanonis Ta-
naxmad, gamarjvebuli ise eqceoda damarcxebuls, ro-
gorc surda. arc romaelebi epyrobodnen damarcxebul
mtrebs sxvaTa karnaxis mixedviT, aramed ise rogorc
Tavad surdaT. Tu TviTon ariovistusi romael xalxs
ar miuTiTebs rogor moiqcnen, maSin arc romaelebma ar
unda SeuSalon xeli sakuTari samarTlis aRsruleba-
Si. eduebi, romlebmac omSi bedi scades da Zleul iqnen
iaraRiT, moxarkeni gaxdnen. keisarma [ariovistuss] didi
zarali miayena Tavisi mosvliT da Semosavali Seumci-
ra. ariovistusi eduebisaTvis mZevlebis dabrunebas ar
apirebs, da arc maTi da maTi mokavSireebis winaaRmdeg
brZolas ar apirebs, Tu Seasruleben SeTanxmebas da
xarks wliurad gadaixdian; Tuki ase ar moiqcevian, `ro-
maeli xalxis Zmoba” arafrad gamoadgebaT. marTalia
- 43 -
keisarma ganacxada, rom eduebis gasaWirs uyuradRe-

bod ar datovebda, magram ariovistuss vinc SeebrZo-
la, veravin gadarCa uvnebeli. Tu surs, dae wamovides
sabrZolvelad, maSin gaigebs rogori mamacebi arian
daumarcxebeli germanelebi, iaraRis xmarebis ubadlo
mcodneebi, romlebsac bolo 14 welia WerqveS ar ucx-
ovriaT.
[37] zustad im dros, roca keisars es pasuxi gadasces,
eduebisa da treverebis72 elCebi movidnen. eduebi Ci-
odnen, rom harudebi, romlebic axlaxan Semovidnen ga-
liaSi, maT miwebs aoxrebdnen, da miuxedavad mZevlebis
micemisa, ariovistusisagan mSvidobis yidva ver SeZles.
treverebma ki moaxsenes, rom svebebis asi pagusi renu-
sis piras ganlagdnen da mdinaris gadmolaxvas cdilo-
ben, Zmebis – nasuasa da kimberiusis winamZRolobiT. am
ambebze keisari didad SeSfoTda, gadawyvita rom unda
aCqarebuliyo, radgan Tu svebebis axali nakadi ariovis-
tusis Zvel Zalebs daemateboda, winaaRmdegobis daZle-
va garTuldeboda. amitom man rogorc SeeZlo swrafad
moagvara sursaTis saqme da maSinve didi ZalebiT ario-
vistusisaken gaeSura.
[38] sami dRis svlis Semdeg, keisars acnobes, rom ario-
vistusi mTeli Tavisi ZalebiT miiCqaroda vesontios73
dasapyrobad, romelic iyo sekvanebis udidesi qalaqi,
72 treverebi (Treveri) - belgebis erT-erTi tomi. savaraudod, trev-

erebi iyvnen germanuli warmoSobisani, magram saubrobdnen kelt-
ur enaze. mosaxleobdnen mdinare mozelis sanapiroebze. mozelze
mdebareobda maTi mTavari qalaqic, romelsac romaelebma Augusta
Treverorum uwodes (SemdgomSi triri - Trier).
73 vesontio (Vesontio) - dRevandeli qalaqi bezansoni, aRmosavleT
safrangeTSi, franS-kontes regionSi. Zv.w. I saukuneSi iyo sekvanTa
tomis mTavari qalaqi, garSemortymuli xis galavniT.
- 44 -
da ukve sami dRis savali gza hqonda gavlili Tavisi saz-

Rvrebidan. keisari miiCnevda, rom mTeli ZalisxmeviT
unda daecva qalaqi, radgan yvelaferi rac omisaTvis
iyo gamosadegi, moipoveboda am qalaqSi da adgilic
bunebrivad iseTi daculi iyo, rom samxedro kampani-
is warmoebis srul SesaZleblobas iZleoda. mdinare
dubisi [aldua]74 SemoxazuliviT TiTqmis mTel qalaqs
gars uvlis. danarCen sivrces, romelic 1600 nabijze
farTo araa, da sadac mdinare wydeba, icavs maRali mTa.
misi Ziri mdinaris orive napirs exeba. mTas gars uvlis
kedeli, romelic cixesimagred aqcevs mas da qalaqTan
aerTebs. swored aqeT gaeSura keisari mTeli siswrafiT,
arc dRe Cerdeboda da arc Rame, daipyro qalaqi da Sig
Tavisi garnizoni Caayena.
[39] vesontioSi ramdenime dRe gaCerdnen sursaTisa da
puris maragis Sesavsebad. Cvenebma gamohkiTxes galebi
da vaWrebi da maTgan gaiges rom germanelebi aRnagobiT
brgeebi arian, daujereblad mamacebi da iaraRis xmare-
baSi gawafulebi [galebma Tqves, rom brZolis dros
xSirad ver uZlebdnen germanelebis saxis gamomety-
velebasa da gamWol mzerasac ki]. mTeli jari uecarma
SiSma Seipyro da yvelas goneba da suli auforiaqa. Ta-
vdapirvelad is gavrcelda samxedro tribunebs, prefe-
qtebs da imaT Soris, vinc keisars romidan gamohyvnen
megobrobis gamo, magram didi sabrZolo gamocdileba
ar hqondaT. ambobdnen sxvadasxva mizezs, rom daesa-
buTebinaT Tavisi gamgzavrebis saWiroeba. sTxovdnen
keisars, rom wasvlis neba daerTo. visac sircxvili Ser-
Ca, rCebodnen, rom maT vaJkacobaSi eWvi ar SeetanaT. ar
74 dubisi (Dubis) - mdinare sonas marcxena Senakadi. miedineba dRe-

vandeli safrangeTisa da Sveicariis teritoriaze.
- 45 -
SeeZloT saxis gamometyvelebis SeniRbva, zogjer verc

cremlebs ikavebdnen. karvebSi Semalulebi an Tavis be-
dze Ciodnen an megobrebTan erTad saerTo saSiSroeba-
ze godebdnen. yvelgan, mTel banakSi anderZebs adgend-
nen. maTi SeSinebuli xmebi imaTzec axdenda gavlenas,
visac banakebSi msaxurobis didi sabrZolo gamocdile-
ba hqondaT: jariskacebi, centurionebi da mxedrebis
meTaurebi SeSfoTebulebi iyvnen. isini, romlebsac ar
surdaT mxdalebad CaeTvalaT, ambobdnen TiTqos mtre-
bis ki ar eSiniaT, aramed viwro gzisa da uRrani tyeebis,
romlebic ariovistussa da maT Soris mdebareobda. an
ambobdnen, rom puris momaragebis sakiTxi awuxebT. zog-
ma keisars isic ki ganucxada, rom Tu igi banakis ayrasa
da galaSqrebas brZanebda, jariskacebi ar daemorCile-
bodnen da SiSiT win ver wavidodnen.
[40] keisarma yuradReba miapyro am sakiTxs da kreba
moiwvia; ixmo yvela wodebis centurioni da mkacrad
usayvedura, uwinares yovlisa imis gamo, rom mebrZole-
bis saqme ar iyo gamokiTxva da ganxilva sad da ratom mi-
hyavT. ariovistusi romael xalxTan megobrobas mxur-
valed eswrafoda keisris konsulobis dros. ratom
hgonia vinmes, rom is ugunurad aaridebs Tavs valde-
bulebas? Tavis mxriv keisari darwmunebulia, rom ro-
desac mis moTxovnebs gaicnobs da pirobebis samarT-
lianobaSi darwmundeba, ariovistusi uars ver ityvis
romaeli xalxisa da keisris keTilganwyobaze. magram
Tu siSmagisa da sigiJisagan oms daiwyebs, bolos da bo-
los risi unda gveSinodes? sakuTari simamacis an keis-
ris SesaZleblobebis imeds ratom kargaven? Cven ga-
movcadeT es mteri Cveni mamebis dros, rodesac gaius
mariusma kimbrebi da tevtonebi daamarcxa da jarma Ta-
vis winamZRolze aranaklebi qeba daimsaxura. Semdgomi
gamocda italiaSi moxda monaTa ajanyebis dros, roca
- 46 -
maT gamoiyenes romaelTagan gadaRebuli discipli-

na da wvrTna da warmatebas miaRwies. aqedan SegiZliaT
daaskvnaT, Tu ra sargebloba aqvs simtkices. Tumca
didxans umizezod eSinodaT maTi, maSinac ki roca cu-
dad SeiaraRebulebi iyvnen, sabolood romaelebma
mainc daimorCiles. da bolos, eseni swored is germane-
lebi arian, romlebsac helvetebi xSirad SebrZolebian
da daumarcxebiaT ara mxolod helvetiaSi, aramed maT
sakuTar miwaze - germaniaSic. helvetebs ki Cvens armias-
Tan gatolebac ar SeuZliaT. Tuki vinme imitom Relavs,
rom galebi damarcxdnen da ukan daixies, Tu dafiqrde-
ba mixvdeba, rom galebi daRlilebi iyvnen ariovistus-
Tan xangrZlivi omisagan, ariovistusi ki mravali Tve
WaobebSi ganlagebul Tavis banakSi rCeboda, ar aZle-
vda SebrZolebis saSualebas da rodesac galebs ukve
gadaewuraT brZolis imedi da mimoifantnen, moulod-
nelad daesxa Tavs da gamarjveba moipova ara vaJkaco-
biT, aramed ufro cbierebiT. aseTi xerxebi veluri da
ucodinari xalxis winaaRmdeg momgebiani iyo, magram Ta-
vad ariovistussac ar aqvs imedi, rom Cveni armiis amgva-
radve gamoWeras SesZlebs.
isini, vinc TavianT SiSs TvalTmaqcurad miaweren puris
momaragebaze an viwro gasasvlelebze SfoTvas, Tavxe-
durad iqcevian, radgan an eWvi SeaqvT mTavarsardlis
mier Tavisi movaleobis aRsrulebaSi, an surT ukar-
naxon mas rogor moiqces.
yvela es sazrunavi keisris saqmea. puriT sekvane-
bi, leukebi (levkebi)75, da lingonebi amarage-
75 leukebi (Leuci) - galuri tomi, romelic mosaxleobda loTarin-
giaSi (lorenSi). strabonis mixedviT, leukebi, lingonTa nawilTan
erTad cxovrobdnen mediomatrikebis (Mediomatrici) belguri tomis
CrdiloeTiT (mediomatrikTa dedaqalaqi iyo meci). romaul pe-
riodSi leukebis teritoriaze ori ZiriTadi dasaxleba arsebobda
- tulumi (tuli) da nasiumi (aRniSnulia klavdius ptolemaiosTan).
- 47 -
ben, da xorbali ukve mindvrebSic damwifda. gzis

Sesaxeb ki maleve TviTon gaigeben. cnoba, TiTqos ja-
riskacebi ar daemorCilebian brZanebebs da arc win
wavlen, keisars odnavadac ar aRelvebs: man icis, rom
sardals ar emorCilebian jariskacebi, Tu mas Tavi-
si uvicobisagan iRbali ar swyalobs, an rame danaSau-
li gamoumJRavndeba, sixarbeSi dasdeben brals. keis-
ris udanaSauloba dadasturebulia misi cxovrebiT,
iRblianoba ki helvetebze gamarjvebiT. amgvarad, man
gadawyvita aRasrulos axlave is, ris gakeTebasac mo-
gvianebiT apirebda. RamiT, meoTxe darajobisas bana-
kis ayras apirebs, raTa maleve darwmundnen, Rirseba da
movaleobis grZnoba ufro Warbobs maTSi Tu simxdale.
maSinac ki, Tu aravin gahyveba, wava mxolod meaTe legio-
niT76, romlis erTgulebaSic eWvi ar epareba, is iqneba
76 meaTe legioni (Legio X Equestris - X àmxedrebuli» legioni) - iu-
lius keisris mier Zv.w. 61 wels Camoyalibebuli samxedro SenaerTi.
meaTe legioni iyo pirveli, keisris legionebs Soris da gamoirCeo-
da meTaurisadmi gansakuTrebuli erTgulebiT. galiis omis dros,
legions xSirad uwevda cxenosani jaris movaleobis Sesruleba,
radgan keisris kavaleria umTavresad naklebad sando gali mxe-
drebisgan Sedgeboda. amis gamo X legions Equestris - àmxedrebu-
li» uwodes. X legionma monawileoba miiRo galiis omebSi, Semdeg
ki markus krasusma parTiaze salaSqrod waiyvana (Zv.w. 53 w.). kares
brZolaSi romaelebi damarcxdnen, meaTe legionma didi danakarge-
bi ganicada da dakarga legionis oqros arwivi, rac samarcxvinod
iTvleboda (SemdgomSi romaelebma moaxerxes dakarguli oqros
arwivebis dabruneba). Zv.w. 45 wels X legioni daSales, veterane-
bi ki daasaxles narbonis provinciaSi. Zv.w. 44-43 wlebSi, keisris
sikvdilis Semdeg, markus emilius lepidusis mier aRdgenilma X
legionma ibrZola filipisTan brZolaSi (Zv.w. 42 w.) markus anto-
niusisa da oqtavianes mxares, gaius kasiusisa da markus brutusis
jarebis winaaRmdeg. omis dasrulebisas legionis veteranebma miwe-
bi miiRes kremonaSi. X legioni monawileobda markus antoniusis
parTiul omSic (Zv.w. 40-33 wlebi) da samoqalaqo omSi oqtavianesa
da antoniuss Soris. aqciumis brZolaSi (Zv.w. 31 w.) legioni ibrZo-
- 48 -
misi pretorianuli kohorta.77 keisari gansakuTrebul

keTilganwyobas gamoxatavda am legionis mimarT da di-
dad endoboda simamacis gamo.
[41]keisris am mimarTvam gasaocrad Secvala yvela me-
brZolis ganwyoba, udidesi mxneoba da saomari SemarTe-
ba gamoiwvia. upirvelesad meaTe legionma saxmedro
tribunebis piriT madloba uZRvna saukeTeso Sexed-
ulebis gamo, rac am legionis Sesaxeb hqonda Camoyal-
ibebuli da daadastura sruli mzadyofna brZolisaT-
vis. Semdeg danarCenma legionebmac miagzavnes samxedro
tribunebi da pirveli rangis centurionebi, raTa Ses-
aferisi ganmarteba moexsenebinaT keisrisaTvis, rom
isini arc yoymanobdnen da arc eSinodaT, brZolis geg-
mis gansazRvras TavianT saqmed ar miiCnevdnen, aramed
mxedarTmTavars miandobdnen. maTi bodiSi Sewynarebul
iqna da saukeTeso gza airCies diviciakusis daxmarebiT,
romelsac keisari galebs Soris yvelaze metad endobo-
da. es gza farTo iyo da jars gaSlil adgilas gaiyvanda,
magram 50 milis Semovla mouwevdaT. rogorc keisarma
Tqva, meoTxe darajobis dros gzas gaudgnen. meSvide
dRes, Seuwyveteli svlis Semdeg, mzveravebma Seatyo-
bines, rom ariovistusis jari Cveni jarisgan 24 milze
imyofeboda.
[42]roca ariovistusma Seityo keisris moaxloeba, elCe-
da antoniusis mxares, damarcxebis Semdeg ki gadavida oqtavianes
armiis rigebSi. veteranebi daasaxles saberZneTSi, qalaq patris
mimdebare miwebze. oqtavianem brZana misi daSla da Seqmna axali X
legioni - Legio X Gemina (`tyupebi»).
77 pretorianuli kohorta - razmi, romelic mxedarTmTa-
vris dacvaze agebda pasuxs. imperiis periodSi gardaiqmna mra-
valricxovan samxedro SenaerTad - pretorianul gvardiad da
warmoadgenda calkeul nawils, romelic arc erT legions ar eku-
Tvnoda da piradad imperators emsaxureboda.
- 49 -
bi gaugzavna. maT ganacxades: adre keisari moiTxovda mo-

laparakebas, axla ariovistusi mzadaa Sexvdes, radgan
keisari Tavad miuaxlovda da safrTxe aRar arsebobs.
keisarma ar uaryo winadadeba da CaTvala, rom ariovis-
tusi gons moego, radgan axla Tavad sTavazoda im wina-
dadebas, razec adre uari Tqva. didi imedi mieca, rom
germanelTa beladi gaiTvaliswinebda romaeli xalxisa
da keisris mier naboZeb sikeTes, awon-dawonida keisris
moTxovnebs da Sewyvetda urCobas. molaparakebis dRed
daTqves am dRidan mexuTe. am drois ganmavlobaSi maT
Soris xSirad igzavneboda elCebi; ariovistusi moiTxo-
vda, rom keisars molaparakebaze Tan ar waeyvana qveiTi
jari, radgan eSinoda rom veragulad maxeSi moaqcevda.
orive cxenosani jaris TanxlebiT unda misuliyo, sxva
SemTxvevaSi ariovistusi saerTod ar mividoda. keisars
ar surda molaparakeba CaSliliyo raime mizeziT, ma-
gram verc imas bedavda, rom Tavisi piradi usafrTxoeba
galebis kavaleriisTvis miendo. yvelaze xelsayrelad
miiCnia, yvela gali mxedari CamoeqveiTebina da cxeneb-
ze meaTe legionis jariskacebi aemxedrebina, romel-
Tac metad endoboda. amgvarad, yvelaze saimedo dacva
eyoleboda, Tu rame moxdeboda. rodesac es aRsrulda,
meaTe legionis erTma jariskacma maxvilgonivrulad
Tqva, rom keisarma ufro meti gaakeTa, vidre dahpirda.
pirobisamebr, meaTe legioni unda gamxdariyo preto-
rianelTa gvardia, man ki mxedrebad gadaaqciao.78
[43] did vakeze iyo sakmaod mozrdili miwayrili. es adg-
ili TiTqmis Tanabari manZiliT iyo daSorebuli ario-
vistusisa da keisris banakebisgan. iq, SeTanxmebisamebr,
78 mxedrebs (Equites) romaul sazogadoebaSi da samxedro sistemaSi

meti privilegiebi gaaCndaT, vidre qveiTebs.
- 50 -
mosalaparakeblad mividnen. keisarma legioni, rome-

lic amxedrebuli moiyvana, im miwayrilidan 200 nabij-
Si ganalaga. ariovistusis cxenosnebic igive manZilze
gaCerdnen. ariovistusma moiTxova, rom molaparakeba
ewarmoebinaT amxedrebulebs da TiToeuls Tavis gar-
da 10 kaci xleboda. rodesac mividnen, keisarma saubris
dawyebisas ariovistuss Seaxsena yvela is sargebeli,
rac man da senatma mianiWes; Seaxsena, rom senatis mier
mefed da megobrad iwodeboda, rom guluxvad ugzavnid-
nen saCuqrebs; aRniSna, rom aseTi pativi cotas xvdeba
wilad da Cveulebriv didi damsaxurebis gamo mieniWe-
baT. Tumca arc damsaxureba hqonia da arc kanonieri
safuZveli, ariovistusma miiRo mravali pativi da ZR-
veni senatisa da keisris guluxvobis wyalobiT. aRniSna
agreTve, Tu rogori Zveli da kanoniT ganmtkicebuli
iyo megobroba romaelebsa da eduebs Soris. ramdenjer
gamoucia senats eduebisadmi pativiscemiT gajerebu-
li dadgenilebebi, eduebs xom yovelTvis epyraT mTe-
li galiis winamZRoloba, manamdec ki, sanam CvenTan
megobrobas moiwadinebdnen. romael xalxs aseTi wesi
aqvs, rom mokavSireebma da megobrebma araTu sakuTari
araferi dakargon, aramed keTildReoba, Rirseba da
pativi moimaton. da marTlac, vin moiTmens, rom isic
waarTvan, rac romael xalxTan megobrobamde hqonda?
Semdeg keisarma moiTxova is, rac adre ariovistuss
elCebis saSualebiT mosTxova: arc eduebi da arc maT
mokavSireebi ar daelaSqra; daebrunebina mZevlebi; Tu
germanelebis arc erTi nawilis ukan dabruneba ar See-
Zlo, is mainc aRekveTa, rom danarCenebs veRar gadmoe-
laxaT renusi.
[44] ariovistusma keisris moTxovnebs mokled upasuxa,
- 51 -
sakuTar Rirsebebze ki vrclad ilaparaka: renusi Tavi-

si surviliT ki ar gadmolaxa, aramed galebis TxovniTa
da mowveviT; saxli da naTesaoba datova didi mogebis
imediT; dasaxlebebi, romlebic galiaSi daipyro, Tav-
ad dauTmes, da mZevlebic Tavad misces; xarki omis we-
sis Tanaxmad dauwesa, rogorc gamarjvebulebi uweseben
damarcxebulebs. is ki ar eomeboda galebs, aramed isini
mas; galebis yvela tomi gamovida da mis winaaRmdeg bana-
ki dasca; magram maTi mTeli Zalebi ariovistusma erT
brZolaSi gaanadgura. Tu maT surT kidev scadon bedi,
is mzadaa isev SeebrZolos; xolo Tu mSvidoba surT,
umarTebulo iqneba uari Tqvan xarkze, romelsac aqamde
Tavisi nebiT ixdidnen. romael xalxTan megobroba mas
samSvenisad da dacvad unda gamoadges, da ara sazianod,
da is am imediT miiswrafoda megobrobisken. Tu romaeli
xalxis meSveobiT xarki Seuwydeba da damorCilebulebi
CamoerTmeva, romaeli xalxis megobrobas iseTive xal-
isiT uaryofs, rogorc mieltvoda. germanelTa simrav-
le, romelic gadmohyavs galiaSi, sWirdeba Tavdasaca-
vad da ara galebze Tavdasasxmelad; da amis dasturi
isaa, rom Txovnis gamo movida da TavdacviT oms awar-
moebs. is romaelebze adre mivida galiaSi. aqamde ro-
maelebi arasdros ar gascilebian galiis provinciis
sazRvrebs. ra surs keisars? ratom iWreba mis samflo-
beloSi? galiis es nawili misia, rogorc meore nawili
- romaelebis. rogorc ariovistuss ar egebis SeiWras
romaelTa teritoriaze, aseve romaelebisgan usamarT-
lobaa Caerion mis uflebebSi. keisarma Tqva, rom eduebi
`Zmebad” arian wodebulni senatis mier, ariovistusi arc
iseTi barbarosi da uvicia, rom ar icodes - bolo kam-
paniaSi alobrogebis winaaRmdeg eduebi ar daxmarebian
romaelebs, arc romaelebi daxmarebian eduebs german-
elebTan da sekvanebTan omSi. ariovistusi iZulebulia
- 52 -
- 53 -
ieWvos, rom megobroba moCvenebiTia da jari, romelic

keisars galiaSi hyavs, mis gasanadgureblad sWirdeba.
amitom, Tu keisari ar gaecleba da ar gaiyvans jars misi
regionebidan, ariovistusi mas megobrad ki ara, mtrad
miiRebs. da Tu is keisars moklavs, gaaxarebs bevr war-
Cinebul da mmarTvel romaels79 [es TviT maTi elCebisa-
gan Seityo], da moipovebs maT wyalobasa da megobrobas.
magram Tu keisari gaecleba da dautovebs galias Tavis
nebaze samarTavad, is Tavis mxriv didad gadauxdis da
omebs, romlebsac keisari wamoiwyebs, ariovistusi daas-
rulebs keisris mxridan garjisa da danakargis gareSe.
[45] keisarma bevri ilaparaka, Tu ratom ar SeeZlo am
saqmeze xelis aReba: arc mas, da arc romael xalxs wesad
ar aqvT Rirseuli mokavSiris mitoveba, arc is miaCnia
marTebulad, rom galia ariovistuss ufro ekuTvnis,
vidre romael xalxs. kvintus fabius maqsimusma80 brZo-
laSi daamarcxa arvernebi da rutenebi81, magram rom-
aelma xalxma apatia maT: arc provinciad aqcia da arc
xarki dauwesa. Tu upiratesobas drois siZvelis mixed-
79 am droisTvis keisars romSi bevri mowinaaRmdege hyavda. igi

`popularebis” partiis lideri iyo. amavdroulad monawileob-
da `triumviratSi” (samTa kavSirSi) gneus pompeusTan da markus
licinius krasusTan erTad. senatis wevrebis is nawili, romelic
calkeuli pirovnebebis xelSi Zalauflebis Tavmoyras upiris-
pirdebodnen da senatis momxreni iyvnen, ZiriTadad aristokrati
òptimatebi» (maT Soris markus porcius katon umcrosi da kvin-
tus cecilius metelus pius scipion nazika), moxarulebi iqnebod-
nen maTi uZlieresi mtris - iulius keisris sikvdiliT.
80 kvintus fabius maqsimus àlobrogikusi” (Allobrogicus) - romis
konsuli Zv.w. 121 wels. transalpiur galiaSi, prokonsul gneus
domicius ahenorbarbusTan erTad, daamarcxa alobrogebi da maTi
mokavSireebi rutenebi da arvernebi.
81 rutenebi (rut(h)ēni)- kelturi tomi, romelic samxreT safrangeT-
Si mosaxleobda, dRevandeli qalaqis rodezis midamoebSi, romel-
sac romis imperiis dros Segodonum da Civitas Rutenorum ewodeboda.
- 54 -
viT mivaniWebT, maSin romaeli xalxis Zalaufleba ufro

kanonieria. senatis gadawyvetilebas Tu mxedveloba-
Si miviRebT, galia Tavisufali unda iyos, Tumca omSi
damarcxda – Tavisi kanonebiT mmarTvelobis ufleba
SeunarCunda.
[46] molaparakebis msvlelobisas keisars acnobes, rom
ariovistusis cxenosnebi uaxlovdebodnen miwayrils.
Cvenebisken moaWenebdnen da qvebsa da Subebs uSendnen.
keisarma Sewyvita molaparakeba, mivida TavisianebTan
da ubrZana, rom arc erTi Subi ar esrolaT mtris sapa-
suxod. Tumca xedavda, rom rCeuli legionisaTvis ario-
vistusis cxenosnebTan Setakeba araviTar safrTxes ar
warmoadgenda, mainc ar CaTvala sasargeblod mtris ga-
nadgureba, raTa ar eTqvaT TiTqos molaparakebis dros
Semoartya alya germanelebs. male rigiTma jariskacebma
gaiges, ariovistusma molaparakebaze rogor medidur-
ad aukrZala romaelebs galiaSi yofna, rogor Seuties
misma cxenosnebma Cvens jars da amis gamo rogor Sewyda
molaparakeba, aman maTi sabrZolo suliskveTeba aamaR-
la da gaaalmasa.
[47] ori dRis Semdeg ariovistusma keisars elCebi gaug-
zavna. surda gaegrZelebinaT saubari, romlis das-
rulebac ver moaxerxes. an meored daeniSna molapa-
rakebis dRe, an Tu es ar surda, vinme gaegzavna elCad.
keisari fiqrobda, rom molaparakebis safuZveli aRar
arsebobda, miTumetes, rom wina dRes Setevaze gadmosu-
li germanelebi, romlebic Cvenebs Subebs uSendnen, ver
SeaCeres. aseve, saxifaTod miaCnda Tavisi elCis gagza-
vna da misi veluri adamianebis xelSi Cagdeba. yvelaze
mizanSewonilad miiCnia gaius valerius prokilusis –
gaius valerius kaburusis vaJis gagzavna. is iyo Zalian
- 55 -
mamaci da zrdili axalgazrda. [mamamisma moqalaqeo-

ba miiRo gaius valerius flakusisagan82]. keisarma is
airCia ndobisa da galuri enis codnis gamo, [romelic
ariovistusmac kargad icoda xangrZlivi gamocdilebis
wyalobiT.] da agreTve imitom, rom germanelebs ar hqon-
daT misi Seuracxyofis mizezi. masTan erTad airCia
markus metiusi83, romelic stumrad iyo ariovistusTan
namyofi. keisarma maT daavala, rom gamoerkviaT ario-
vistusis azrebi da misTvis moetanaT. rodesac isini
ariovistusma Tavis banakSi dainaxa, Tavisi jaris winaSe
xmamaRla dauyvira: risTvis movidnen isini? saTvalT-
valod? rodesac scades dalaparakebodnen, Seawyvetina
da borkilebi daado.
[48] imave dRes ariovistusma jari daZra da banaki das-
ca mTis qveS, keisrisgan 6 milis daSorebiT. meore dRes
Tavisi jari keisris banakis win Caatara da maT zurgSi
ori milis moSorebiT dabanakda, raTa gadaeketa puri-
Ta da sursaTiT momaragebis gza, romelic sekvanebisa
da eduebisgan modioda. 5 dRis ganmavlobaSi keisars
jari banakis win gamohyavda da sabrZolo mwyobrSi amy-
ofebda, radgan ariovistuss brZola Tu moundeboda,
SesaZleblobas xelidan ar gaeSva. ariovistusi ki mTe-
li es dro banakSi iyo, magram yoveldRiurad utevda
cxenosani jariT. aseTi saxis brZolebSi germanelebi
daxelovnebuli iyvnen: cxenosani iyo 6 aTasi, amdenive
- uswrafesi da umamacesi qveiTi, TiToeul cxenosans
arCeuli hyavda TiTo qveiTi piradi dacvisaTvis. isini
82 gaius valerius flakusi - romis konsuli Zv.w. 93 wels. transal-

piur galiaSi pretorobis dros romis moqalaqeoba mianiWa bevr
warCinebul gals, maT Soris helvet kaburiuss.
83 markus metiusi - keisris erT-erTi erTguli TanamebrZoli yve-
la mis omSi da diqtaturis dros. Zv.w. 44 wels igi saTaveSi Caudga
monetis moWris saqmes romSi.
- 56 -
erTad ibrZodnen. Tu viTareba garTuldeboda, cxenos-

nebi ukan daixevdnen da qveiTebi brZolaSi ebmebodnen;
Tu mZimed daWrili mxedari cxenidan Camovardeboda,
fexosnebi gars Semoexveodnen. Tu win gaWra iyo saW-
iro an ufro swrafi ukan daxeva, isini ise kargad iyvnen
gawvrTnili, rom SeeZloT CasWidebodnen fafars da mx-
edrebs sirbiliT gahyolodnen.
[49] rodesac keisari mixvda, rom ariovistusi Tavis
banaks ar datovebda, sursaTiT momaragebis Sewyveta
rom aecilebina Tavidan, airCia dasabanakeblad mosax-
erxebeli adgili, germanelebis banakis gadaRma 600 nabi-
jiT84 daSorebuli da iqiT gaemarTa sam rigad dawyobili
jariT. pirvel da meore rigs ebrZana sabrZolo mzady-
ofna, mesames ki banakis gamagreba. es adgili, rogorc
iTqva, mtrisgan 600 nabijiT iyo daSorebuli. ariovis-
tusma daaxloebiT 16 aTasi msubuqad aRWurvili qveiTi
cxenosnebTan erTad gamogzavna, raTa SeeSinebinaT Cven-
ebi da sangrebis gamagrebisTvis xeli SeeSalaT. keisar-
ma odnavadac ar Secvala gadawyvetileba: or rigs mtris
mogerieba, mesames ki saqmis dasruleba ubrZana. rode-
sac sangrebi aigo, iq ori legioni da damxmareTa nawili
datova, danarCeni oTxi ki mTavar banakSi waiyvana.
[50] meore dRes keisarma Tavisi Cveulebis mixedviT jari
gamoiyvana orive banakidan, win waswia mTavari banakisgan,
Seqmna sabrZolo mwyobri da mters brZolis gamarTvis
SesaZlebloba misca. rodesac SeniSna, rom isini ar ga-
modian, daaxloebiT SuadRisas jari banakebSi daabru-
na. bolos ariovistusma Tavisi jaris nawili patara
banakze Tavdasasxmelad gagzavna. orive mxare sastikad
da Seusveneblad ibrZoda saRamomde. mzis Casvlisas,
bevri daWrilis da didi danakargis Semdeg, ariovistus-
84 romauli nabiji (Passus) aris xuTi romauli futi anu 1,48 metri.
- 57 -
ma jari banakSi daabruna. tyveebis gamokiTxviT keisarma

gamoarkvia Tu ratom aridebda Tavs ariovistusi gadam-
wyvet brZolas: germanelebSi iyo wesi, romlis Tanaxma-
dac ojaxis dedebi misnobiTa da winaswarmetyvelebiT
acxadebdnen brZolaSi Cabma xelsayreli iqneboda Tu
ara. maT ase uTqvamT: RmerTebis nebiT, germanelebi ver
gaimarjveben, Tu brZolas axal mTvaremde daiwyebeno.
[51] momdevno dRes keisarma orive banakSi datova gar-
nizoni, ramdenic dacvisaTvis sakmarisad CaTvala; mTe-
li damxmare razmebi momcro banakis win ganalaga, mters
rom daenaxa. es Zalebis warmoCenis ganzraxviT gaakeTa,
radgan raodenobiT legionerebi germanelebze nakleb-
ni iyvnen. TviTon sam rigad dawyobili jariT mtris
banakTan mivida. maSin, bolos da bolos, germanelebi
iZulebuli gaxdnen gmoeyvanaT jari banakidan da ise
ganlagdnen, rom Tanabari Sualedebi iyo tomebs Soris.
es tomebi iyvnen: harudebi, markomanebi, tribokebi, van-
gionebi, nemetebi, sedusiebi, svebebi.85 yvela mwyobri
garSemo bargiT da urmebiT Caxerges, rom gaqcevis sa-
Sualeba moespoT. maTze Tavisi qalebi moaTavses, rom-
lebic omSi mimaval meomrebs tiriliT da xelapyrobiT
sTxovdnen, romaelTa monobaSi ar CaegdoT.
[52] keisarma TiToeul legions TiTo legati da kves-
tori uwinamZRvra, raTa meomrebs maTi vaJkacobis mowme
hyolodaT. Tavad marjvena frTaze daiwyo brZola,
radgan SeamCnia rom es iyo mtris yvelaze susti adgili.
Cvenebma niSnis micemisTanave ise mZvinvared Seuties
85 harudebi, markomanebi, tribokebi, vangionebi, nemetebi, sedusie-

bi - germanuli tomebi, romelTagan zogierTi am droisTvis svebTa
konfederaciaSi Sedioda, zogi ki ariovistusis mxares ibrZoda ga-
liaSi.
- 58 -
mters da mteric ise uecrad da swrafad ekveTa, rom

Cvenebs dro ar miecaT Subebis satyorcnad. Subebi da-
yares da xmlebiT brZola daiwyo. magram germanelebma
Tavisi Cveulebisamebr swrafad Seqmnes falanga86 da
Cveni xmlebis Setevas dauxvdnen. Cvens jarSi bevri moi-
Zebna iseTi, romlebic askdebodnen falangas, xelebidan
aglejdnen farebs da zemodan Wridnen mowinaaRmdeges.
mtris marcxena frTa daamarcxes da gaaqcies, magram
marjvena frTaze germanelebis didma raodenobam Seavi-
wrova Cveni rigebi. es SeamCnia axalgazrda publius kra-
susma87, romelic cxenosan jars meTaurobda da radga-
nac ufro Tavisuflad SeeZlo moZraoba, vidre imaT
vinc brZolaSi iyo CarTuli, mesame rigi gagzavna Cveni
gaWirvebuli mebrZolebis dasaxmareblad.
[53] amgvarad, brZola ganaxlda, mTeli mowinaaRmdege
mibrunda da gaiqca: iqamde ar SeuwyvetiaT sirbili, sa-
nam ar miaRwies mdinare renuss, am adgilidan 5 miliT
daSorebuls. aq Zalian cotam, Tavisi Zalis imedad my-
ofebma, mdinaris gadacurva moaxerxes, zogma ki navi ip-
ova da imiT uSvela Tavs. maT Soris iyo ariovistusi, ro-
melmac napirze mibmuli karWapi ipova da imiT gaaRwia.
yvela danarCens Cveni cxenosnebi daewivnen da daxoces.
ariovistuss ori coli hyavda, erTi - erovnebiT svebi,
romelic man Tan wamoiyvana Sinidan, meore ki – norike-
86 germanelebi brZolisas mWidro rigebad ibrZodnen da erTgvar

farebis kedels qmnidnen.
87 publius licinius krasusi - markus licinius krasusis, pirveli
triumviratis wevris Ze. publius krasusma Tavi gamoiCina keisris
galur kampaniaSi, gansakuTrebiT armorikasa da aqvitaniaSi mimdi-
nare brZolebSi. daiRupa Zv.w. 53 wels mamamisis, markus krasusis
mowyobili parTiuli kampaniis dros, kares brZolaSi.
- 59 -
li88, mefe vokios89 da, romelic Zmam galiaSi gamogzavna

ariovistusze dasaqorwineblad. orive coli am gaqce-
visas daiRupa. misi ori qaliSvilidan ki erTi daiRupa,
meore daatyveves. gaius valerius prokiluss, romel-
ic sammagi jaWviT Sekruli mihyavdaT mcvelebs, keisari
maSin gadaawyda, roca mters cxenosnebiT misdevda. am
ambavma keisari aranakleb gaaxara, vidre Tavad gamar-
jvebam. mtris xelidan gamoglejils da dabrunebuls
xedavda mTel galiaSi yvelaze keTilSobil kacs, Tavis
axlobelsa da stumars. bedis wyalobiT misma dakargvam
ar daaknina gamarjvebiT gamowveuli siamovneba da six-
aruli. prokilusma Tqva, rom misi TandaswrebiT samjer
yares wili maSinve daewvaT koconze Tu sxva droisTvis
gadaedoT. wilis yraSi gaumarTla da gadarCena ergo.
agreTve ipoves markus metiusi da keisarTan miiyvanes.
[54] rodesac am brZolis Sesaxeb renuss gadaRma Se-
ityves, svebebma, romlebic moaxloebulni iyvnen mdin-
aresTan, Sinisaken gabruneba daiwyes. renusTan axlos
88 noriki - noriki mdebareobda dRevandeli avstriis terito-

riaze. norikSi cxovrobdnen panonielebi (ilirielTa monaTesave
xalxi), SemdgomSi ki aq kelto-liguriuli tomebi dasaxldnen. maT
Soris umTavresi iyo tavriskebis tomi, romlebic romaul wyaroe-
bSi norikebad iwodebian maTive dedaqalaqis - noreias saxelwode-
bis mixedviT. noriki warmoadgenda pirvel keltur samefos evro-
paSi (Zv.w. 200 wlidan). es qveyana faqtobrivad 12 tomis alianss
warmoadgenda. Zv.w. 170 wlidan noriki iTvleboda romis `mokavSire
da megobar» saxelmwifod. norikelebi exmarebodnen romaelebs
kimbrebisa da tevtonebis winaaRmdeg omSic. aseve Semdgom omebSic
dakieli da germaneli tomebis winaaRmdeg.
89 mefe vokio - vokio iyo norikis tomTa arCeuli mefe Zv.w. I saukune-
Si. vokio iTvleboda keisris mokavSired da mas gneus pompeusis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolaSic exmareboda ekonomikurad da samxedro Zale-
biT (cxenosani razmebiT).
- 60 -
mcxovrebma ubiebma90 igrZnes maTi panika, daedevnen da

bevri daxoces. keisarma erT zafxuls ori didi omi ga-
daixada da cota ufro naadrevad, vidre weliwadis dro
moiTxovda, jari zamTris sadgomSi sekvanebTan daabru-
na. iq winamZRolad labienusi daniSna, Tavad ki maxlo-
bel galiaSi gaemarTa samarTlis aRsasruleblad.
90 ubiebi - germanuli tomi. pirvelad moxseniebulebi arian swored

iulius keisris am TxzulebaSi. ubiebi iyvnen keisris mokavSireebi
Zv.w. 55 wels mdinare rainis gadalaxvisa da germaniaSi SeWris dro-
sac. ax.w. 50 wels maT teritoriaze iulius keisar germanikusis
meuRlis, agripinas xelSewyobiT daarsda romael veteranTa kolo-
nia - Colonia Claudia Ara Augusta Agrippinensium, romelic SemdegSi qalaq
kiolnad iqca.
- 61 -
wigni II
[1] rodesac keisari izamTrebda axlo galiaSi, rogorc

es zemoT aRvniSneT, mis yuramde xSirad aRwevda xmebi,
aseve labienusis gzavnilebiT iRebda is informacias,
rom yvela belgma, romlebzec ukve vTqviT, rom galiis
mesamedi ekavaT, romaeli xalxis winaaRmdeg piri Sekra
da erTmaneTSi mZevlebi gacvala. maTi SekavSirebis
mizezi, upirveles yovlisa, iyo SiSi imisa, rom mas Semdeg
rac mTeli galia damSvidda91, romis jari gailaSqrebda
maTze; meore mizezi ki iyo zogierTi gali, romlebic
91 damSvidebaSi keisari galebis miwebze romauli gavlenis dam-

yarebas gulisxmobs.
- 62 -
axelebdnen [Cven winaaRmdeg]. zogierTni - ukmayofiloe-

bi imiT, rom germanelebi xangrZlivad iyvnen galiaSi,
axla aranakleb damwuxrebulebi iyvnen romauli armiis
gamozamTrebiTa da damkvidrebiT galiaSi, zogierTni
ki meryevni da arasandoni, miiRwvodnen mmarTvelobis
Secvlisken; zog SemTxvevaSi ki imitom aqezebdnen [bel-
gebs], rom galiaSi Zlieri xalxi, da isini, romelTac
hqondaT saSualeba daeqiravebinaT adamianebi, miiR-
wvodnen Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebisken, Cveni mbrZane-
blobis dros ki es maTTvis iseTi advili ar iyo.
[2] am xmebiTa da gzavnilebiT SeSfoTebulma keisarma
ori axali legioni Sekriba axlo galiaSi da zafxulis
dasawyisisaTvis Sida galiaSi gagzavna legat kvintus
pediusis92 meTaurobiT. TviTon, rogorc ki mindvreb-
Si mosavlis Segroveba daiwyo, jarisaken gaeSura. man
senonebsa da sxva galebs, romlebic iyvnen belgebis me-
zoblad, gankarguleba misca SeetyoT, ras saqmianobd-
nen es ukanasknelni da SeegrovebinaT misTvis cnobebi.
maT erTxmad Seatyobines, rom iq razmebi grovdebodnen
da jari erT adgilze ikribeboda. amis Semdeg man gad-
awyvita, rom didxans aRar unda efiqra maT winaaRmdeg
92 kvintus pediusi (Zv.w. I s.) _ romaeli samxedro da politikuri

moRvawe, iulius keisris naTesavi. pediusi Zv.w. 57 wels msaxurob-
da legatad galiaSi, Zv.w. 55 wels monawileoba miiRo edilis arCev-
nebSi da damarcxda. pompeusis winaaRmdeg omisas, pediusi keisris
momxreebs Soris iyo. man miiRo pretoroba, meTaurobda legions
da warmatebiT ebrZoda pompeusis momxreebs. Zv.w. 44 wels, rodesac
keisari SeTqmulebis msxverpli gaxda, pediusi misi anderZis mixed-
viT erT-erT memkvidred dasaxelda, Tumca man dauTmo naTesav
oqtavianes, momaval imperators da masTan erTad gaxda konsuli.
am periodSi pediusma gamosca kanoni - Lex Pedia, romlis mixedviTac
keisris yvela mkvleli damnaSaved gamocxadda da sasjels daeqve-
mdebara.
- 63 -
- 64 -
galaSqrebaze, moimaraga sursaTi, datova banaki da Tx-

uTmeti dRis Semdeg belgebis sazRvars miaRwia.
[3] is gamocxadda iq moulodnelad, imaze ufro swrafad
vidre vinme eloda. remebma93, galiasTan yvelaze axlos
mosaxle belgTa tomma, elCebad gaugzavnes ikiusi da
andekumboriusi, pirveli kacebi TavianT TemSi, wina-
dadebiT, rom TavianT xalxTan erTad romis siZlieres
aRirebdnen da misi mfarvelobas iTxovdnen, rom isi-
ni ar iyvnen sxva belgebTan erTad da ar monawileobd-
nen aranair SeTqmulebaSi romaeli xalxis winaaRmdeg;
piriqiT, mzad iyvnen gadmoecaT tyveebi, SeesrulebinaT
misi brZanebebi, mieRoT is TavianT qalaqebSi da moemar-
agebinaT sursaTiTa da sxva yvelafriT. yvela danarCeni
belgi, Tqves maT, SeiaraRebulia, rainis aqeT mcxovrebi
germanelebi maT SeuerTdnen. yvelani ise arian gaxele-
bulebi, rom remebma ver SeZles maTTan SeerTebisagan
uari eTqmevinebinaT sisxliT monaTesave suesionebi-
sTvisac94 ki, romlebTanac aqvT saerTo wesebi, saerTo
samxedro xelisufleba da samoqalaqo mmarTveloba.
[4] rodesac keisarma gamohkiTxa remebi, Tu romel-
ma tomebma aisxes iaraRi, ra raodenobis iyvnen da ro-
gori iyo maTi samxedro Zala, pasuxad miiRo: belgebis
umravlesoba warmoSobiT germaneli iyo da didi xnis
93 remebi (Remi) _ belgTa erT-erTi tomi, romelic Crdilo-aRmo-

savleT galiaSi mosaxleobda (Gallia Belgica). maTi dedaqalaqi iyo
durokortumi mdinare velze. remebi ganTqmulebi iyvnen TavianTi
cxenosani jariT, germanel mokavSireebTan erTad isini ebrZodnen
parisiebsa da senonebis toms. erT-erTi miTis mixedviT, romelic X
saukunis mematianem flodoard reimselma Caiwera, remebis tomis
mamamTavari iyo remusi, romulusis Zma, romelic TiTqos ZmasTan
dapirispirebas cocxali gadaurCa.
94 suesionebi (Suesioni)_ belguri tomi, romelic dasavleT belgi-
kaSi mosaxleobda, dRevandeli qalaqis suasonis midamoebSi.
- 65 -
winaT gadmosaxldnen rainis gadmoRma da niadagis nayo-

fierebis gamo dasaxldnen axlandel adgilsamyofelze,
galebi ki gayares am adgilebidan, belgebi erTaderTi
xalxi iyo Cveni mamebis mogonebiT, romlebmac daicves
sazRvrebi tevtonebisa da kimbrebisagan, maSin roca
mTeli galia aoxrebuli iyo; mexsierebas SemorCenili
am ambebiT maT SeZles didi samxedro avtoritetis mox-
veWa da qedmaRlebi gaxdnen. rac Seexeba maT raodeno-
bas, remebma Tqves, rom icodnen zusti raodenoba yvela
SenaerTis, radgan dakavSirebulebi iyvnen belgebTan
urTierTobiTa da qorwinebebiT, da daadgines ramdeni
meomris gamoyvanis piroba dado omisaTvis TiToeulma
beladma belgebis saerTo krebaze. maT Soris upirate-
si simamaciT, gavleniTa da raodenobiT gamoirCeoda
belovakebis95 tomi. maT SeeZloT asi aTasi aRWurvili
kacis gamoyvana, piroba dades aqedan 60 aTasi rCeuli
meomari gamoeyvanaT, da moiTxoves mTeli omis sardlo-
ba maTTvis mieniWebinaT. remebis TqmiT, suesionebi maTi
sakuTari uSualo mezoblebi iyvnen, maT daipyres vrce-
li da nayofieri miwebi. maT Soris, jer kidev Cven dros
mefed hyavdaT diviciakusi, yvelaze Zlevamosili kaci
mTel galiaSi, romelsac am regionebis umravles naw-
ilze da britaneTzec ki Zalaufleba epyra. axla mefe
iyo galba96; mas samarTlianobisa da gamWriaxobis gamo
95 belovakebi (Bellovaci) _ yvelaze mravalricxovani da Zlieri bel-

guri tomi, romelic mosaxleobda Crdilo-aRmosavleT galiaSi,
dRevandeli qalaqis boves midamoebSi. esazRvrebodnen ambianebs,
viromanduebs, suesionebs, veliokasebs, kaletebsa da parisiebs.
96 galba _ suesionebis mefe (Rex) Zv.w. I saukuneSi. kognomeni (met-
saxeli) galba, romelic iTargmneba rogorc `msuqani” gavrcele-
buli iyo romSic da savaraudod mas kelturi fuZe unda hqonoda,
sadac rogorc Cans es saxels warmoadgenda.
- 66 -
omis gaZRola saerTo TanxmobiT daekisra. mas hqonda

12 qalaqi, da 50 aTasi meomris gamoyvanis piroba dado.
igive raodenobis [gamoyvanis] piroba dades nerviebma97,
romlebic yvelaze mZvinvareni iyvnen belgebs Soris da
yvelaze Sors cxovrobdnen. 15 aTasi - atrebatebma98, 10
aTasi ambianebma99, 25 aTasi morinebma100, 7 aTasi – mena-
piebma101, 10 aTasi kaletebma, amdenive veliokasebma da
viromanduebma102, 19 aTass ki aduatukebi103 dahpirdnen.
kondrusebma, eburonebma, kaeroesebma da pemanebma104,
97 nerviebi (Atrebates) _ erT-erTi uZlieresi belguri tomi. isini
mosaxleobdnen dRevandeli belgiis centralur nawilSi, briuse-
lis midamoebSi. savaraudod, nerviebi, iseve rogorc treverebi,
germanuli warmoSobis tomebi iyvnen. Tacitus, Germania, 28. Adrian K.
Goldsworthy, Caesar: life of a colossus (New Haven, 2006), 238.
98 atrebatebi _ belguri tomi galiasa da britaneTSi. galiaSi isi-
ni mosaxleobdnen dRevandeli safrangeTis CrdiloeT nawilSi, ar-
tuaSi. atrebatebis dedaqalaqi iyo nemetokena.
99 ambianebi (Ambiani) _ erT-erTi mravalricxovani belguri tomi,
romelic mosaxleobda samaras (somas) xeobaSi. ambianTa dedaqalaqi
iyo samarobriva.
100 morinebi (Morini) _ belguri tomi CrdiloeT galiaSi. maTi saxe-
li `morinebi” ukavSirdeba zRvas da zRvis sanapiros, sadac isini
cxovrobdnen (Crdilo-dasavleT safrangeTsa da belgiaSi).
101 menapiebi (Menapii) _ belguri tomi, romelic CrdiloeT galiaSi
mosaxleobda. maT Sesaxeb cnobebi aqvT strabons, keisars, plinius
ufrossa da ptolemaioss.
102 kaletebi, veliokasebi, viromanduebi (Caleti, Veliocasses, Viroman-
dui) _ keltur-belguri tomebi CrdiloeT safrangeTSi. velio-
kasebi mniSvnelovan teritorias akontrolebdnen mdinare senas
xeobaSi, kaletebi da viromanduebi SedarebiT mcirericxovnebi da
sustebi iyvnen.
103 aduatukebi (Aduatuci) _ germanuli tomi, romelic aRmosav-
leT belgiaSi mosaxleobda. isini enaTesavebodnen kimbrebsa da
tevtonebs da warmoSobiT iutlandiis naxevarkunZulidan unda
yofiliyvnen.
104 kondrusebi, eburonebi, kaeroesebi, pemanebi (Condrusi, Eburones,
Caeroesi, Paemani) _ germanuli tomebi, romlebic belgiaSi mosax-
leobdnen da aqtiurad ereodnen galiis politikur cxovrebaSi.
- 67 -
romelTac saerTo saxeli germanelebi hqviaT, 40 aTasis

gamoyvana ivaraudes.105
[5] keisarma remebi gaamxneva da Tavazianad gaistumra,
Semdeg mTeli maTi senatis masTan gamocxadeba brZana da
maTi winamZRolebis Svilebi mZevlad moiTxova. es yve-
laferi im dResve bejiTad aRasrules. keisarma gansa-
kuTrebulad gaamxneva da auxsna eduel diviciakuss Tu
ramdenad mniSvnelovani sargebeli iyo romisa da saer-
To keTildReobisaTvis mowinaaRmdege Zalebis daSla,
raTa Tavidan aecilebinaT erTdroulad didi raodeno-
bis jarTan brZola. es ganxorcieldeboda Tu eduele-
bi Tavis Zalebs belovakebis sazRvrebisken waiyvandnen
da maTi miwebis gaCanagebas daiwyebdnen. am miTiTebiT
daiTxova is. rodesac Seityo, rom belgebis mTeli Zale-
bi Segrovili iyo da mis winaaRmdeg modioda, win gaSve-
bulma mzveravebma da remebma ki acnobes, rom isini Sors
aRar iyvnen, daaCqara jaris mdinare aqsonaze gadayvana,
romelic remebis ukidures sazRvarzea da iq banaki das-
ca. am gziT banaki erTi mxridan mdinaris napirebiT iyo
daculi, uzrunvelyofda zurgis usafrTxoebas da mar-
agis uSiSrad mowodebas remebis da sxva tomebis mier.
mdinareze iyo xidi. iq keisarma dacva Caayena da mdi-
naris meore mxares Tavisi legati _ kvintus titurius
sabinusi datova 6 kohortiT. mas ubrZana, gaemagrebina
banaki 12 nabiji simaRlis zRudiTa da 18 nabijis siR-
105 Tumca ki keisari arsad aRniSnavs TviTon ramdenad sjeroda

imis, rom es tomebi amxela jarebs gamoiyvandnen da dasaxelebuli
raodenobebi zusti iyo. miuxedavad amisa, Cans rom belgebs See-
ZloT masze mravalricxovani jaris gamoyvana, amitom maTi ricxo-
brivi upiratesobis gasabaTileblad keisarma belovakebis toms
eduebi Seusia da maTi meomrebi ZiriTad Zalebs mowyvita. Adrian K.
Goldsworthy, Caesar: life of a colossus, 239.
- 68 -
rmis TxriliT.
[6] am banakidan 8 milze iyo remebis qalaqi bibraqsi. bel-
gebma laSqrobis dros mTeli ZaliT daiwyes am qalaqze
Seteva. ieriSi im dRes gaWirvebiT iqna mogeriebuli.
galebsa da belgebs Semowyobis106 erTnairi xerxi aqvT:
didi raodenobiT adamiani Semoertymeba kedlebs da es-
vrian qvebs manam, sanam damcvelebis ar gandevnian107. Sem-
deg testudos108 gamoyenebiT uaxlovdebian karibWes da
Zirs uTxrian kedlebs. es amjerad advilad Seasrules.
rodesac aseTi mravalricxovani mowinaaRmdege isroda
qvebs da Subebs, veravin SeZlebda kedlebze medgrad
dgomas. roca Ramem zRvari daudo Setevas, remma ik-
ciusma Tavisianebs Soris saxelganTqmulma da pativce-
mulma kacma, erT-erT elCTaganma, romlebic keisarTan
zavis saTxovnelad mividnen da amJamad qalaqis meTaur-
ma, Sikrikebi gaugzavna keisars, rom Tu is daxmarebas ar
gaugzavnida, metxans gamagrebas veRar SeZlebda.
[7] keisarma ikciusis gamogzavnili Sikrikebi megzure-
bad gamoiyena da SuaRamisas numidieli da kreteli mS-
vildosnebi da baleareli meSurduleebi109 qalaqelebis
106 alyis Semortymis

107 qvebis sroliT aiZulebdnen daetovebinaT gamagrebuli
poziciebi
108 testudo (Testudo) anu `ku” antikuri samxedro xelovnebis
erT-erTi kargi nimuSia. farebiT yvela mxridan daculi meomre-
bi uaxlovdebodnen mtris galavans ise, rom isrebisgan daculni
iyvnen da danakargebs ar ganicdidnen. aseT taqtikas romaelebi
iyenebdnen Zv.w. III -dan ax.w. III saukunemde. Adrian Keith Goldsworthy; John
Keegan, Roman Warfare (London, 2000), 214.
109 kreteli mSvildosnebi antikur xanaSi xSirad msaxurobdnen
xmelTaSua zRvis auzis qveynebis samxedro ZalebSi moqiravnee-
bis saxiT, iseve rogorc baleareli (balearis kunZulebidan) me-
Surduleebi. kretelTa nawilebi respublikuri romis armiaSi
xSirad iyvnen. senatma maTi Zalebi gaius grakxusis momxreebis
- 69 -
dasaxmareblad gagzavna. maTma misvlam remebs Tav-

dacvis imedi misca da Setevaze gadasvlis survili
aRuZra, mters ki amave mizezma qalaqis aRebis imedi dau-
karga. amgvarad isini cota xans kidev darCnen qalaqTan
axlos, gaaCanages remTa miwebi, gadawves axlomaxlo yve-
la sofeli da Senoba, romelTan miaxloebac SeeZloT.
Semdeg ki mTeli jariT keisris banakisaken gaeSurnen
da 2 milze nakleb manZilze Tavisi banaki dasces. maTi
banaki, kvamlisa da cecxlis meSveobiT Tu vivaraudebT,
8 milze iyo gaSlili.
[8] keisarma Tavidan brZolis acileba gadawyvita, radgan
mteri mravalricxovani da mZvinvare iyo. Tumca yovel-
dRiurad cxenosnebis SetakebebSi scdida mowinaaRm-
degis simamacesa da Cvenianebis sabrZolo SemarTebas.
rodesac darwmunda, rom Cvenebi ar CamorCebodnen
mters, adgili banakis win sabrZolo wyobisaTvis bune-
brivad moxerxebuli da Sesaferisi iyo: borcvi, ro-
melzec banaki iyo ganlagebuli, dablobidan TandaT-
winaaRmdegac ki gamoiyena. aseve Cans, rom maT iyenebda keisaric

galiis omSi. numidielebi (CrdiloeT afrikaSi) gansakuTrebiT
ganTqmulebi iyvnen rogorc mxedrebi, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi mSvil-
dosnebia dasaxelebuli. istorikosi jorj Cismenic am monakveTSi
numidielebs ara rogorc mSvildosnebs, aramed mxedrebs ise ganix-
ilavs. George Leonard Cheesman, The auxilia of the Roman imperial army (Ox-
ford, 1914), 9-10. numidieli mokavSireebi romaelTa jarSi II punikuri
omis (Zv.w. 218-201) droidan msaxurobdnen, mas Semdeg rac maTi mefe
masinisa, manamde karTagenelTa mokavSire, romaelTa mxares gadav-
ida. kreteli mSvildosnebi monawileobdnen II punikuri omis dros
siciliaze mimdinare moqmedebebSi (Tumca romaelTa mowinaaRmde-
geebis mxares), baleareli meSurduleebi ki karTagenelTa mraval
samxedro kampaniaSi espaneTis tomebisa da romaelebis winaaRmdeg.
II punikuri omis Semdgom periodSi romaelebma Tavadac daiwyes
balearelTa daqiraveba. balearelebi monawileobdnen gneus pom-
peusisa da kvintus cecilius metelusis samxedro kampaniaSic (Zv.w.
80-72) kvintus sertoriusis winaaRmdeg, romis samoqalaqo omis
(sulasa da mariusis momxreTa Soris) dros.
anobiT maRldeboda, gadaWimuli iyo imxela manZilze,

ramdensac jari daikavebda. orive mxridan hqonda cica-
bo Sverilebi, win ki damrecad daqanebuli TandaTano-
biT dabldeboda. borcvis TiToeul mxares gaaTxrevina
jvaredini Txrili daaxloebiT 400 nabijis sigrZis. Tx-
rilis kideebze simagreebi aaSenebina da iq manqanebi110
moaTavsa, rom rodesac jars sabrZolo wyobaSi Caayeneb-
da, mters mravalricxovnobis wyalobiT brZolis dros
alyaSi ar moeqcia. amis gakeTebis Semdeg, 2 axalmogro-
vili* legioni banakSi datova, rom Tu saWiro gaxdebo-
da _ daxmareba gaewiaT, danarCeni 6 legioni ki banakis
win sabrZolvelad moawyo. mtermac, agreTve, gamoiyvana
Tavisi Zalebi banakidan da ganalaga.
[9] Cveni da mowinaaRmdegis armiebs Soris arc Tu didi
Waobi iyo. mteri eloda gadalaxavdnen Tu ara Cvenebi
mas; Cvenebi ki brZolisTvis gamzadebulebi* elodnen,
rom Tu isini pirvelebi daiwyebdnen gadmolaxvas, es-
argeblaT maTi areulobiT. amasobaSi am or xazs Soris
mxedarTa brZola mimdinareobda. radgan arc erTi armia
ar iwyebda Waobis gadalaxvas, warmatebuli sacxenos-
no brZolis Semdeg keisarma Cvenebi banakSi daabruna.
mteri im adgilidan maSinve mdinare aqsonisaken gaeSu-
ra, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cveni banakis ukan iyo.
fonis povnis Semdeg moindomes Zalebis nawili gadmoey-
vanaT, im ganzraxviT rom Tu SeZlebdnen, aeRoT simagre,
romelsac meTaurobda legati kvintus tituriusi111
110 katapultebi, balistebi.

111 kvintus titurius sabinusi _ keisris erT-erTi legati gali-
is omSi. monawileoba miiRo remebis winaaRmdeg kampaniaSi Zv.w. 57
wels. Zv.w. 56 wels ibrZoda veneliebis beladis viridoviqsisa da
misi mokavSireebis winaaRmdeg Crdilo-dasavleT galiaSi (belg-
Tagan samxreTiT, Semdegdroindel safrangeTis normandiaSi). Zv.w.
- 71 -
da CaengriaT xidi. Tu amas ver SeZlebdnen, gaeCanage-

binaT remebis miwebi, romelic CvenTvis didi sargeblis
momtani iyo omis dros da amgvarad gadaeketaT maragis
Sevsebis gza.
[10] es keisars tituriusma Seatyobina da man yvela mxe-
dari, msubuqad aRWurvili numidieli, meSurdule da
mSvildosani xidze gadaiyvana da mtrisken gaeSura. mZv-
invare brZola gaimarTa im adgilas. Cvenebi Tavs daesx-
nen mdinaris gadmolaxvis dros dafantul mowinaaRmde-
ges da mravali maTgani mokles. danarCenebs, romlebic
ukiduresi simamaciT cdilobdnen gadaelaxaT TanamoZ-
meebis gvamebi, Tavs daatydaT auracxeli raodenobis
Subebi, xolo im nawils, romelmac ukve gadalaxa mdin-
are, cxenosnebma alyaSi Semoartyes da amoxoces. mteri
mixvda, rom qalaqis aRebisa da mdinaris gadalaxvis ime-
di gaucruvda da arc Cvenebi gadadiodnen mouxerxebel
adgilas brZolis gulisTvis. aramed Tavadve daewyoT
maragis amowurva. amitom moiwvies sabWo da gadawyvites,
rom ukeTesi iqneboda TiToeuli maTgani sakuTar sax-
lSi dabrunebuliyo da Sekrebiliyvnen yvela kuTxidan
imaT dasacavad, vis teritoriazec romaelebs pirvel
rigSi unda gaevloT. rameTu sakuTar miwaze brZola
ufro advili iqneboda, vidre sxvisaze da maragis Ses-
avsebadac adgilobriv sursaTs gamoiyenebdnen. am gad-
awyvetilebaze sxva mizezebTan erTad imanac imoqmeda,
rom Seityves diviciakusisa da eduebis belovakebis
sazRvrebTan miaxloebis Sesaxeb. SeuZlebeli iyo es
54 wels eburonebma ambioriqsisa da kativolkusis meTaurobiT Ra-
latiT gaityues tituriusisa da lucius aurunkuleius kotas le-
gioni da gaanadgures.
- 72 -
ukanasknelebi metxans dayovnebuliyvnen da ar miSvele-

bodnen Tavisianebs.
[11] amis garkvevis Semdeg meore guSagis saaTze didi
xmauriTa da areulobiT daiwyes banakidan ayra uwes-
rigod da meTaurobis gareSe. TiToeuli cdilobda
gzaze mewinave yofiliyo da ise Cqarobdnen saxlisken,
rom mgzavroba gaqcevas daemsgavsa. es keisarma maSinve
Seityo mzveravebisgan, [magram] Casafrebis SeeSinda,
radgan zustad ar icoda maTi wasvlis mizezi da jari
cxenosnebiTurT banakSi datova. ganTiadze, mzver-
avebma daadastures mtris wasvla da keisarma mTeli ka-
valeria gagzavna maTi ariergardis Sesakaveblad. amis
Sesruleba daavala or legats – kvintus pediussa da
lucius aurunkuleius kotas, xolo legat titus labi-
enuss daevala maT Soriaxlo gahyoloda sami legioniT.
cxenosnebi Tavs daesxnen mtris ariergards da mraval
milze sdies, bevri daxoces vinc gaqcevas cdilobda;
bolo mwkrivi, romelsac daewivnen, SeCerda da Cveni ja-
riskacebis Tavdasxma mamacurad moigeria. win myofeb-
ma, romlebsac egonaT rom safrTxe aRar emuqrebodaT
da arc saWiroeba, arc brZaneba akavebdaT, rogorc ki
yvirili SemoesmaT sabrZolo wyoba daarRvies da Tavs
gaqceviT uSveles. amgvarad Cvenebma yovelgvari saSiS-
roebis gareSe imdeni mteri xoces, ramdenic dRis gan-
mavlobaSi SeiZleboda da mzis Casvlis dros SeCerdnen,
raTa brZanebis Tanaxmad, banakSi dabrunebuliyvnen.
[12] meore dRes, sanam mteri sul moiTqvamda SiSisa da
gaqcevis Semdeg, keisarma Tavisi jari suasonebis qvey-
nisken waiyvana, romelic remebis Semdegaa, da xangr-
Zlivi svlis Semdeg mivida qalaq noviodunumTan112. man
112 noviodunumis anu àxali cixesimagris” saxelwodeba miRebulia
- 73 -
moindoma pirdapir laSqrobidan dasxmoda Tavs qalaqs,

radgan gaigo rom ar hyavda mcvelebi, magram Txrilis
siganisa da kedlis simaRlis gamo ieriSiT aReba mainc
ver SeZlo. amitom banaki gaamagra da momarageba daiwyo
yvelafris, rac saWiro iyo alyisTvis. amasobaSi ga-
moqceulma suesonebis armiam moaRwia qalaqs da meore
Rames SigniT moiyares Tavi. saCqarod moitanes saalyo
manqanebi qalaqTan, miwiT aages pandusi da aaSenes
saalyo koSkebi. galebi, romlebsac amgvari mowyobi-
lobebi aqamde arc enaxaT da arc gaegonaT, gaocdnen da
romaelebis siswrafiT SeSfoTdnen. keisars gaugzavnes
elCebi Cabarebis winadadebiT da remebis wyalobiT maTi
Txovna miRebuli iqna.
[13] keisarma mZevlebad aiyvana qalaqis winamZRolebi da
Tavad mefe galbas vaJiSvilebi. qalaqs mTeli iaraRi Ca-
moarTves, suesonebi danebdnen da keisarma jari belo-
vakebisaken daZra. isini ki mTeli Tavisi maragiT qalaq
bratuspanciumSi113 Segrovdnen da roca keisari maTgan
5 milSi imyofeboda, xandazmuli xalxi qalaqidan ga-
moegeba. xelebi aRmarTes da SesZaxodnen, rom miiRebd-
nen mis mfarvelobasa da Zalauflebas da ar aRmarTavd-
nen iaraRs romaeli xalxis winaaRmdeg. agreTve, roca
qalaqTan mivida da banaks Slida, qalebi da bavSvebi,
maTi wesis mixedviT kedlidan xelebaweulebi evedre-
bodnen mSvidobas romaelebs.
[14] maT uSuamdgomla diviciakusma (romelmac belge-
kelturi sityvebidan. am saxelwodebiT moixseniebdnen ramdenime

dasaxlebas. dasaxelebuli noviodunumi mdebareobda dRevandeli
pomies komunis teritoriaze, suasonis mxareSi (safrangeTis Crdi-
loeTSi).
113 bratuspanciumi _ belovakebis gamagrebuli dasaxleba (e.w.
opidumi). misi mdebareoba zustad ar aris dadgenili.
- 74 -
- 75 -
bis wasvlis Semdeg daiTxova eduebis jari da dabrunda

keisarTan). man Tqva: `belovakebi yovelTvis sando da
megobrul kavSirSi iyvnen eduebTan, isini waaqezes Ta-
visma mTavrebma, romlebmac ganucxades, rom keisarma
eduelebi daimona, rom isini ganicdian yovelgvar upa-
tivcemulobasa da Seuracxyofas, amgvarad aujanydnen
eduebs da romaeli xalxis winaaRmdeg omi wamoiwyes.
am SeTqmulebis moTave mTavrebi, roca mixvdnen ramxe-
la ziani moutanes Tavis qveyanas, britaneTSi gaiqcnen.
aramxolod belovakebi, aramed eduebic, sTxovdnen ga-
moeCina maT mimarT Tavisi gulmowyaleba da Semwynare-
bloba. amas Tu izamda, eduebis gavlena gaizrdeboda
mTel belgebs Soris, romlebic eduebis daxmarebiTa da
saxsrebiT sargeblobdnen, roca omi moxdeboda.
[15] keisarma Tqva, rom diviciakusisa da eduebis pativis-
cemis gamo miiRebda maT Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS da si-
cocxles SeunarCunebda. radganac maTi qveyana yvelaze
didi gavleniT sargeblobda belgebSi da yvelaze mra-
valricxovanic iyo, mZevlebad 600 kaci moiTxova. es
yvelaferi aRsrulda da qalaqidanac mTeli iaraRi Seg-
rovda, keisari am adgilidan ambianebis teritoriisken
gaemarTa, romlebic winaaRmdegobis gawevis gareSe
Cabardnen da qonebac Caabares. maT esazRvrebodnen
nerviebi. roca keisarma maTi buneba da wes-Cveulebebi
gamoikiTxa, Semdegi moaxsenes: maTSi ar arian vaWrebi,
sastikad krZalavdnen Rvinis an sxva fufunebasTan da-
kavSirebuli sagnis Semotanas, radgan Tvlidnen, rom
aseTi sagnebi gonebas daauZlurebda da simamaces daa-
sustebda. es mrisxane da Zalian mamaci xalxi aZagebda
da brals sdebda danarCen belgebs, rom maT romaelebs
Caabares samSoblo da vaJkacoba fexqveS gaTeles. maT
- 76 -
ganacxades, rom arc elCebs gamogzavnidnen da arc ara-

nairi zavis pirobebs miiRebdnen.
[16] maT teritoriaze 3 dRis svlis Semdeg, keisarma
tyveebisagan Seityo, rom misi banakidan ara umetes 10
milisa mdinare sabisi114 miedineboda. yvela nervi mdi-
naris gadaRma iyo Casafrebuli TavianT mezoblebTan
– atrebatebTan da viromanduebTan erTad, da elode-
bodnen romaelebis gamoCenas (orive es xalxi nerviebma
daarwmunes omSi CarTuliyvnen). garda amisa, elodnen
aduatukebis jarsac, romelic ukve gzaSi iyo. qalebi
da isini, vinc asakis gamo omSi gamousadegari iyo, gais-
tumres iseT adgilas, romelic Waobebis gamo jarisT-
vis miudgomeli iyo.
[17] am ambebis Setyobis Semdeg keisarma mzveravebi da
centurionebi gagzavna banakisaTvis mosaxerxebeli
adgilis SesarCevad. keisarTan erTad laSqrobda sakma-
od bevri damorCilebuli belgi da danarCeni gali; zo-
gierTma maTganma, rogorc Semdeg tyveebis meSveobiT
gaxda cnobili, im dReebSi dakvirvebiT Seiswavla Cveni
jaris wyoba. RamiT gadavidnen nerviebTan da Seatyo-
bines, rom yovel or legions Soris ganTavsebulia
mravali sazidari da did sirTules ar warmoadgens erT
legionze Tavdasxma, roca is dasabanakeblad mova jer
kidev tvirTiT damZimebuli, sanam danarCenebi didi man-
ZiliT iqnebian daSorebulebi, Tu daamarcxeben am le-
gions da sazidrebsac gaitaceben, danarCeni legione-
bi veRar gabedaven Sebmas. maT rCevas zurgs umagrebda
isic, rom nerviebi uZvelesi droidan cudi cxenosnebi
iyvnen (da dRemde ver moaxerxes am saqmis Seswavla, maTi
114 sabisi (Sabis) _ dRevandeli mdinare sambra, mdinare maasis Sen-

akadi. moedineba CrdiloeT safrangeTsa da belgiaSi.
- 77 -
mTavari Zala qveiTi jaria). imisTvis, rom mezoblebis

cxenosnebs gamklavebodnen, rodesac isini Zarcva-gle-
jisTvis Tavs daesxmodnen, nerviebi norC xeebs/nergebs
daWridnen da moRunavdnen, gverdebze gamosuli xSiri
totebis saSualebiT gadaxlarTavdnen askilisa da qa-
cvis buCqebTan, da es meseri kedlis magvar dabrkolebas
qmnida, romelic aramxolod gadaulaxavi iyo, aramed
Tvalic verafers dainaxavda mis miRma. radganac es win-
aRoba Cvens jars Seaferxebda, nerviebma miiCnies, rom
rCeva unda gaeTvaliswinebinaT.
[18] im adgilis buneba, romelic Cvenebma airCies dasa-
banakeblad, amgvari iyo: borcvi Tanabrad daqanebuli
ferdobiT Camodioda mdinare sabisTan, romelic zemoT
aRvniSneT. meore napirze, sapirispiro mxares, iwyeboda
meore ferdobi: dabla daaxloebiT 200 nabijze moSiSv-
lebuli, maRla ki tyiT dafaruli. ase, rom ar iyo ad-
vili iqauroba TvaliT dagezvera. im tyeebSi imaleboda
swored mteri; gaSlil velze ki mdinaris gaswvriv mo-
Canda ramdenime sacxenosno pozicia. mdinaris siRrme
daaxloebiT 3 futi iyo.115
[19] keisarma win gauSva kavaleria da TviTon ukan mihy-
va mTeli ZalebiT; magram marSis gegma da wyoba aRar iyo
iseTi, rogoric nerviebma belgebs moaxsenes. radgan
ukve mters uaxlovdeboda, Tavisi Cveulebis Tanaxmad,
miuZRoda 6 legions. maT ukan moaTavsa mTeli jaris sa-
novage. bolos midioda axlad Segrovili 2 legioni, rom-
lebic ketavdnen mTel kolonas da icavdnen sursaTs.
Cvenma kavaleriam gadalaxa mdinare meSurduleebTan da
mSvildosnebTan erTad da Seutia mowinaaRmdegis kava-
lerias. isini dro da dro tyeebSi TavisianebTan brun-
115 daaxloebiT 1 metri (88,8 sm).
- 78 -
debodnen, Semdeg ki isev Tavs esxmodnen Cvenebs. Cvenebi

ki ver bedavdnen gahyolodnen ufro Sors, sadac gaS-
lili dablobi mTavrdeboda. amasobaSi 6 legionma, rom-
lebic pirvelebi movidnen, gansazRvres dasabanakebeli
adgili da misi TxrilebiT Semovleba daiwyes. roca ty-
eebSi damalulma mterma Cveni jaris sursaTi dainaxa (es
maTTvis iyo daTqmuli dro, rom SemoetiaT), tyeSive da-
lagebuli samwyobro xaziT da erTmaneTis gamxnevebiT
uecrad gamoiWrnen mTeli ZalebiT da Cvens kavalerias
Seaskdnen. maTi iolad damarcxebisa da arevis Semdeg,
iseTi daujerebeli siCqariT miiWrnen mdinaresTan,
rom TiTqmis erTdroulad gegoneboda tyeSic iyvnen,
mdinaresTanac, da Cvens siaxlovesac. aseTive siCqariT
gaiWrnen borcvze ganlagebuli Cveni banakisken da imaT-
ken, vinc banakis gamagrebiT iyo dakavebuli.
[20] keisars yvelaferi erTad unda moeswro: ebrZane-
bina aRemarTaT Standarti, rac iaraRis asxmis niSani
iyo, sayviri daexmianebinaT, samuSaodan gamoexmoT ja-
riskacebi (igulisxmeba banaks ro amagreben isini), ga-
moeZaxebina isini, vinc CamoSordnen sangrebisTvis ma-
salis mosaZebnad; daewyo sabrZolo xazi; gaemxnevebina
jariskacebi, niSani mieca. am saqmeebis umravlesoba ver
ganxorcielda drois simcirisa da mtris mowydomis
gamo. sirTuleebTan gamklaveba orma faqtorma uzrun-
velyo: pirveli - jariskacebis codna da gamocdileba,
- gawvrTnilebs udides brZolebSi maT SeeZloT Tavad-
ac ise marjved gadaewyvitaT ra iyo gasakeTebeli, ro-
gorc amas sxva auxsnida; da meore - keisarma aukrZala
zogierT Tavis legats mietovebinaT gasamagrebeli
samuSaoebi da Tavisi sakuTari legionebi, sanam banaki
ar gaZlierdeboda. es legatebi mtris siaxlovisa da
- 79 -
siswrafis gamo aRar daelodnen keisris brZanebebs da

Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr daiwyes qmedeba.
[21] keisari gascemda saWiro brZanebebs da jariskacebis
gasamxneveblad xan sad aRmoCndeboda, xan sad, sanam me-
aTe legionTan ar moxvda. jariskacebs mokled mouwo-
da – ar daeviwyebinaT Tavisi Cveuli simamace da suliT
ar dacemuliyvnen, aramed vaJkacurad gaeZloT mtris
SetevisTvis. rodesac mteri Subis sasrol manZilze
moaxlovda, brZolis dawyebis niSani misca. Semdeg sxva
nawilisken gaeSura gasamxneveblad da naxa, rom isini
ukve brZolaSi iyvnen CarTulebi. dro imdenad cota
iyo da mowinaaRmdege iseTi TavdadebiT utevda, rom
romaelebi veRar aswrebdnen araTu samxedro niSnebis
mimagrebas, aramed Cafxutebis morgebasa da farebis
SaliTidan amoRebas. banakis gamagrebis samuSaoebidan
nebismieri mimarTulebiT dabrunebuli jariskace-
bi nebismier nawilTan erTad iwyebdnen brZolas, rom-
lis Standartsac pirvels dainaxavdnen, raTa dro ar
daekargaT sakuTari nawilis ZebnaSi.
[22] jari rogorc iqna mowesrigda, umal imis Sesabamis-
ad, rasac adgilis buneba, ferdobis daqaneba da drois
saWiroeba iTxovda, da ara Cveuli samxedro wesisa. le-
gionebi dayofilebi iyvnen da TiToeuli calke eomebo-
da mters sxvadasxva mxares. rogorc maRla aRvniSneT,
xedvas abrkolebda Zalian sqeli meseri. ar Canda sad
iyo damxmare Zalebis ganlagebis aucilebloba, ar Can-
da sad ra iyo saWiro, SeuZlebeli iyo yvela brZanebis
Sesruleba gaekontrolebina erT kacs. amgvarad, aseT
rTul viTarebas sxvadasxvagvari movlenebi mohyva.
[23] mecxre da meaTe legionis jariskacebma, romlebic
ganlagebuli iyvnen marcxena flangze, Subebis sroliT
- 80 -
- 81 -
gaaqcies sirbilisgan qancgawyvetili da daWrili atre-

batebi (romelnic SeeCexnen maT), SemaRlebuli adgili-
dan mdinareSi Serekes, ukan mihyvnen da mdinaris gada-
laxvis mcdelobisas, maTi umravlesoba maxvilebiT
aCexes. Tavad ar Seyoymanebulan mdinareze gadasuli-
yvnen da araxelsayrel poziciaze moxvdnen. miuxeda-
vad amisa, roca mteri Semobrunda da brZola ganaxlda,
gaanadgures da gaaqcies. amgvaradve, orma sxva legion-
ma – meTerTmetem da mervem gaanadgures viromanduebi,
romlebTanac hqondaT Setakeba, rac maRlobi adgil-
idan mdinaris napirebamde gagrZelda. Tumca, TiTqmis
mTeli banakis wina mxare da marcxena flangi moSiSv-
lebuli iyo - miuxedavad imisa, rom marjvena flang-
ze meTormete legioni da misgan arc ise Sors, meSvide
legionebi iyvnen ganlagebuli. yvela nervieli mWidro
rigebad dawyobilebi aqeT gamoemarTnen Tavisi sard-
lis – boduognatusis winamZRolobiT, romelsac hqon-
da umaRlesi Zalaufleba. maTma nawilma daiwyo le-
gionebis garemocva daucveli flangidan, nawilma ki
Seteva banakze.
[24] am dros Cveni mxedroba da msubuqi qveiTebi, rom-
lebic maT axldnen da romlebic, rogorc aRvniSne,
mtris pirvelive Semotevaze ukuiqcnen, da dabrundnen
banakSi, SeeCexnen mters pirispir da isev gaqceva scades
sxva mimarTulebiT. sursaTiT mommarageblebmac, roca
maRlobze banakis meaTe karibWidan116 dainaxes gamar-
116 meaTe karibWe (Porta Decumana) _ igive ukana karibWe, saidanac

banaks sursaT-sanovagiT amaragebdnen. sityva Decumana anu meaTe,
momdinareobs banakSi manipulebis (qveiTTa danayofi) an turmebis
(sacxenosno danayofi) ganlagebidan I-dan X-mde, meaTe ki banakis
TavdacviT zRudesTan yvelaze axlos (Intervallum) eqceoda da Sesa-
bamisad simagreebis am adgilze gakeTebul karibWes meaTe karibWes
- 82 -
jvebuli Cvenianebi rogor gadavidnen mdinareze, ga-

movidnen banakidan nadavlis dasataceblad. ukan roca
moixedes da SeniSnes, rom mteri Cvens banakSi moemarTe-
boda, kisristexiT gaiqcnen. amave dros yvirili da
xmauri atexes imaT, visac sursaTis maragi mohqonda da
dazafrulebi zogi saiT gaiqca, zogi saiT. am yvelafer-
ma aaRelva treveri cxenosnebi, romlebic galebs So-
ris umamaces xalxad iTvlebodnen da romlebic Tavisma
tomma keisars gamougzavna dasaxmareblad. maT dainaxes
rogor aivso Cveni banaki mtris mravali meomriT; Cveni
legionebi Seviwrovda da TiTqmis alyaSi moeqca, sur-
saTiT mommarageblebi, mxedrebi, Surdulosnebi, numi-
dielebi dafantulebi da dabneulebi rogor gaiqcnen
sxvadasxva mxares. amitom dakarges Cveni gamarjvebis
imedi da saxlisken gaqusles. Tanatomelebs acnobes:
romaelebi damarcxdnen da ganadgurdnen, mterma ki
maTi banakis aRkazmuloba da sanovage Caigdo xelSio.
[25] keisarma gaamxneva meaTe legioni da marjvena flang-
ze gadavida, sadac naxa, rom jariskacebi miWyletilebi
iyvnen da meTormete legionis meomrebi Tavisi Stand-
artiT erT adgilze Segrovilebi simWidrovisgan erT-
maneTs uSlidnen xels brZolaSi. meoTxe legionis yve-
la centurioni mokles, signiferi117 aseve mkvdari iyo,
xolo Standarti dakarguli. sxva kohortebSic TiTqmis
yvela centurioni an mokluli iyo, an daWrili. maT So-
ris, mTavari centurioni, publius seqstius baculu-
si, umamacesi kaci, imden adgilas iyo daWrili da ise
_ Porta Decumana-s uwodebdnen.
117 signiferi _ legioneri, romelsac kohortis an centuriis Sig-
num-s, anu Standartis tareba evaleboda. TiToeul legionSi 59-
mde signiferi iyo. TiToeuli kohortis pirveli centuriis sig-
niferi ufrosad iTvleboda.
- 83 -
mZimed, rom fexze veRar idga. danarCeni meomrebi qa-

ncgawyvetilebi iyvnen, xolo zogni ukana mwkrivebidan
tovebdnen brZolis vels da cdilobdnen aecilebinaT
mtris natyorcni Subebi. mteri ki ar wyvetda dablo-
bidan zemoT svlas da banakis centrze Setevas, aseve
awveboda orive flangs. keisari mixvda, rom mdgomareo-
ba Zalian damZimda da arc rezervi hyavda, rom mieSvele-
bina. ukana rigis jariskacs fari gamoarTva, radgan Ta-
vad faris gareSe iyo mosuli da gaemarTa wina xazisken.
centurionebs saxeliT mimarTa da danarCeni meomrebic
gaamxneva, ubrZana Standarti aRemarTaT da Setevaze
gadasuliyvnen, xolo manipulebi gafantuliyvnen, raTa
gaadvilebuliyo xmlebis gamoyeneba. keisris gamoCe-
nam jariskacebs imedi gauRviva da sulierad aamaRla;
TiToeuli mebrZoli, rac ar unda mZime mdgomareobaSi
yofiliyo, mxedarTmTavris winaSe Tavisi maqsimumis ga-
movlenas cdilobda da Tavs ar zogavda. ase, rom mtris
Semoteva cotaTi Seakaves.
[26] rodesac keisarma dainaxa, rom iqve ganlagebuli
meSvide118 legionic Seaviwrova mterma, samxedro tri-
bunebs ubrZana TandaTan SeeerTebinaT legionebi,
SemoebrunebinaT rigebi da ieriSze gadasuliyvnen. amis
Sesrulebis Semdeg erTmaneTis mxardaWera igrZnes da
118 VII legioni (Legio VII) _ gneus pompeusis mier Zv.w. 65 wels es-
paneTSi daarsebuli legioni. VII, IX, X legionebTan erTad, VII le-
gioni saimperio romis armiaSi erT-erTi uZvelesi SenaerTi iyo.
Zv.w. 58 wlidan cisalpur galiaSi gadaiyvanes da keisars dauqvem-
debares, ris Semdegac monawileobda galiis omSi. SemdgomSi VII le-
gions uwodes Claudia (Legio VII Claudia) radgan 42 wels, skribonianes
ajanyebis CasaxSobad imperatorma klavdiusma swored isini gamoi-
yena (XI legionTan erTad). dakiis omis dros swored VII Claudia le-
gionis jariskacma, tiberius klavdius maqsimusma miutana dakebis
mefe decebalis mokveTili Tavi imperator traianes.
- 84 -
aRar eSinodaT, rom mteri zurgidan mouvlida, ufro

gabedulad da mxned daiwyes brZola. amasobaSi orma le-
gionma, romlebic ukana rigebSi sursaTs icavdnen, Se-
ityves brZolis Sesaxeb da swrafad aiWrnen borcvze,
saidanac mters eCvennen. titus labienusma, romelmac
mtris banaki aiRo da maRlobidan dainaxa ra xdeboda
Cvens banakSi, dasaxmareblad meaTe legioni gamoagzavna.
maT gaqceuli mxedrebisa da mommarageblebisgan gaiges
ra safrTxeSi iyo Cveni banaki, legionebi da mxedarTm-
Tavari, amitom ra siswrafiTac SeeZloT gamoeSurnen.
[27] maTma mosvlam iseTi gardatexa Seitana omSi, rom Cve-
ni Wrilobebisgan dauZlurebuli meomrebic ki, daeyrd-
nen TavianT farebs da ganaaxles brZola. roca dainaxes
mteri rogor airia da daibna, mommarageblebi Tumca ui-
araRod iyvnen, CaerTvnen brZolaSi. agreTve mxedrebi,
romlebsac surdaT simamaciT CamoerecxaT gaqcevis
sircxvili, brZolis velis yovel adgilas ibrZodnen,
raTa legionerebze metad gamoeCinaT Tavi. xolo mter-
ma, gadarCenis bolo imedis miuxedavad, iseTi vaJkacoba
gamoamJRavna, rom rodesac pirveli rigi daixoca, Sem-
degi rigi dacemulTa cxedrebze Sedga da ise ibrZoda.
roca esenic daixocnen da gvamebis gora dadga, gadarCe-
nilebi mas efarebodnen TiTqos miwayrili yofiliyos
da xelSubebs gvtyorcnidnen an Cvens nasrol Subebs
krefdnen da ukanve gvesrodnen. umarTebulo ar iqneba,
Tu davaskvniT, rom am xalxma didi simamacis wyalobiT
SeZlo gadaelaxa Zalian farTo mdinare, amZvraliyo
Zalian maRal napirebze, acocebuliyo mouxelTebel
simaRleze. yvela es sirTule gaamartiva maTma simama-
cem.
[28] brZola dasrulda da nerviebis tomsa da maT saxsen-
- 85 -
ebels sruli ganadgureba moutana. maTma xandazmul-

ma mamakacebma, romlebic rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT
bavSvebsa da qalebTan erTad WanWrobian adgilebsa da
WaobebSi iyvnen gadamalulebi, Seityves brZolis Sede-
gebi da mixvdnen, rom gamarjvebulisTvis aRaraferi iyo
SeuZlebeli, xolo damarcxebuli aRar iyo usafrTxod.
amitom, yvelas TanxmobiT vinc gadarCenili iyo, gaug-
zavnes elCebi keisars da Cabardnen. Seaxsenes ra ubed-
ureba daatyda maT toms da ganucxades, rom senatorebi
600-dan 3-mde SeumcirdaT, xolo kacebi, visac iaraRis
tareba SeeZlo – 60 aTasidan 500 Zlivs gadarCa. raTa
gulmowyale gamoCeniliyo aseT gasaWirSi Cavardnili
mTxovnelis winaSe, keisarma gansakuTrebuli yuradRe-
ba gamoiCina maTi uvneblobisaTvis. brZana darCenili-
yvnen sakuTar teritoriaze da qalaqebSi, xolo maT me-
zoblebs aukrZala maTze laSqroba da Zarcva.
[29] aduatukebi, romlebzec zemoT visaubreT119, mTe-
li Tavisi SeiaraRebuli ZalebiT modiodnen nerviebis
dasaxmareblad, magram Seityves am brZolis Sedege-
bi da ukan gabrundnen. datoves yvela Tavisi qalaqi
da simagre da yvelaferi rac gaaCndaT Seagroves erT
cixesimagreSi, romelic araCveulebrivad iyo dacu-
li bunebis mier. yoveli mxridan gars ertya umaRlesi
kldeebi da xramebi, mxolod erTi mxridan iyo datove-
buli damreci misadgomi, araumetes 200 nabiji siganisa.
es adgili gamagrebuli hqondaT Zalian maRali, ormagi
kedliT, axla ki am kedelze uzarmazari wonis qvebsa da
wawvetebul direebs awyobdnen. aduatukebis tomi war-
moSobili iyo tevtonebisa da kimbrebisgan, romlebic
laSqrobdnen Cvens provinciasa da italiaSi da nadav-
119 ix. 16-e abzaci.
- 86 -
lis nawili, romelic veRar waiRes Tan, datoves mdinare

rainTan axlos da mcvelad daayenes 6 aTasi kaci Tavisi
tomidan. tevtonebisa da kimbrebis ganadgurebis Sem-
deg, es mcvelTa razmi mravali wlis manZilze igeriebda
mezoblebis Tavdasxmebs da zogjer Tavadac gadadioda
Setevaze. bolos da bolos zavi daido, mSvidoba dam-
yarda da maT es teritoria samudamo sacxovreblad
airCies.
[30] Cveni armiis pirveli miaxloebis dros, cixesimagri-
dan xSir-xSirad gamodiodnen da mcire Setakebebs uma-
rTavdnen Cvenebs; magram mas Semdeg rac romaelebma 12
nabiji simaRlis miwayrili Semoavles garSemo 15 milis
sigrZe wreze da axlo-axlos ganaTavses simagreebi,
maT Sewyvites qalaqidan gamosvla. rodesac dainaxes
dawnuli farebi120 da miwayrili aRimarTa da moSorebiT
koSkic aaSenes, jer sicili daayares kedlidan, Semdeg
ki gamojavreba dauwyes amxela mowyobilobis ase Sors
aSenebisTvis. ra xelebis, ambobdnen isini, an ra Zalis
imedi aqvT adamianebs, miTumetes aseTi patara aRnago-
biT, rom aseT mZime koSks kedelze dadgamen? (TavianTi
uzarmazari sxeulebis gamo Cvens sidables galebi xSir-
ad igdebdnen abuCad).
[31] magram roca dainaxes, rom koSki marTlac moZraob-
da da maT kedlebs uaxlovdeboda, dafrTxnen axali da
uCveulo sanaxaobiT. keisars elCebi gamougzavnes zavis
TxovniT da Semdegi sityvebi SemouTvales: migvaCnia,
rom romaelebi oms RmerTebis dauxmareblad ver awar-
120 igulisxmeba wnelisgan dawnuli an ficrebiT Sekruli didi,

oTxkuTxa fari, romelsac alyis dros iyenebdnen galavanTan usa-
frTxod misaaxloeblad. samxedro terminologiaSi ewodeba mant-
leti (Mantlet).
- 87 -
moebdnen, radgan aseTi sididis mowyobilobebis aseTi

siswrafiT gadaadgileba SeuZliaTo. Tavisi Tavi da yve-
laferi rac gaaCndaT, romis Zalauflebas dauqvemde-
bares. erTaderTi rasac guliT iTxovdnen iyo is, rom
Tuki Tavisi mowyalebisa da kacTmoyvareobis gamo, ris
Sesaxebac sxvaTagan smeniaT, keisari uvneblad datoveb-
da aduatukebs, dae nu CamoarTmevs iaraRs. maT TiTqmis
yvela mezobeli mtrobda da SurdaT maTi simamacis.
amitom Tu iaraRi CamoerTmeodaT, ver SeZlebdnen Ta-
vdacvas. radgan am mdgomareobaSi Cacvivdnen, erCivnaT
romaeli xalxisgan mieRoT bedis sasjeli, vidre imaT-
gan datanjuliyvnen da ganadgurebuliyvnen, viszec ba-
tonobas iyvnen SeCveulni.
[32] amaze keisarma upasuxa, rom Tavisi Cveulebis Ta-
naxmad, da ara maTi Txovnis gamo daindobda toms, Tuki
Cabardebodnen manam, sanam tarani Seexeboda kedels. ma-
gram ar arsebobda Cabarebis sxva piroba, garda iaraRis
dayrisa. keisari gaakeTebda igives, rac nerviebis
SemTxvevaSi gaakeTa – mezoblebs aukrZalavda Zalmom-
reobas maTze, vinc romael xalxs danebda. elCebma es
Tavisianebs moaxsenes da isini daTanxmdnen Seesrule-
binaT misi brZaneba. Zalian didi raodenobiT iaraRi
kedlebidan gadmoyares TxrilSi, romelic qalaqis win
iyo, ise rom iaraRis grovebis wverma TiTqmis kedlebis
simaRlesa da Txrilis siRrmes miaRwia. miuxedavad imi-
sa, rom rogorc Semdeg gairkva, daaxloebiT erTi mes-
amedi nawili damales da Seinaxes, karibWe gaixsna da is
dRe mSvidobiT gaatares.
[33] saRamosken keisarma brZana karibWeebi daexuraT da
jariskacebs daetovebinaT qalaqi, raTa im Rames moqa-
laqeebisTvis ziani ar moetanaT. Tumca aduatukebs,
- 88 -
rogorc aRmoCnda, ukve SeedginaT gegma im imediT, rom

danebebis gamo Cvenebi datovebdnen saguSagoebs, an sul
mcire, yuradRebas mainc moadunebdnen. nawils is Sen-
axuli da gadamaluli iaraRi hqonda, nawils – farebi,
damzadebuli qerqisagan an dawnuli wnelebisgan da naC-
qarevad (rogorc drois simcire moiTxovda) dafaruli
tyaviT. mesame guSagobis dros, uecrad mTeli ZalebiT
gamoiWrnen qalaqidan iqiT, saiTac misasvleli Cvens
savele simagreebze naklebad cicabo Canda. rogorc
manamde keisarma brZana, saCqarod misces niSani maSx-
alebiT (cecxliT) da yvelaze axlo simagridan razmebi
gamoeSurnen brZolis adgilisken. mteri gaafTrebiT
ibrZoda, rogorc mosalodnelia uimedo mdgomareo-
baSi myofi mamaci adamianisgan, araxelsayrel adgi-
las rom ebrZvis mowinaaRmdeges, romelic Txrilidan
da koSkebidan ayris Subebs da gadarCenis erTaderTi
imedi vaJkacurad brZolaa. daaxloebiT 4 aTasi kaci
daixoca, danarCenebi ki qalaqSi ukuagdes. meore dRes
karibWe Seamtvries, radgan aRaravin iyo vinc daicavda
da qalaqSi Cveni jariskacebi Seagzavnes. keisarma mTeli
nadavli gayida. rogorc myidvelebma acnobes, gaiyida
53 aTasi adamiani.
[34] imave periodSi, publius krasusma, romelic keisars
erTi legionis TanxlebiT gagzavnili hyavda venetebis,
venelebis, osismebis, kuriosolitebis, esubiebis, av-
lerkebisa da redonebis121 winaaRmdeg zRvispira tome-
121 es tomebi ZiriTadad cxovrobdnen bretanis naxevarkunZulze.

maTgan yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo venetebis tomi. venetebi cnobi-
lebi iyvnen rogorc kargi mezRvaurebi da hyavdaT Zlieri floti
(bretanis venetebi ar unda agverios adriatikis venetebTan, rom-
lebic Crdilo-aRmosavleT italiaSi cxovrobdnen. maT ukavSird-
eba veneciis saxeli).
- 89 -
bis, romlebic okeanis piras cxovroben, acnoba, rom yve-

la es tomi romaeli xalxis batonobasa da Zalauflebas
daeqvemdebara.
[35] am miRwevebis Sedegad mTeli galia damorCilebul
iqna da am omebis dideba barbarosTa Soris ise farTod
gavrcelda, rom rainis piras mcxovrebma tomebma elCe-
bi gamougzavnes keisars da aRuTqves, rom mZevlebs ga-
mougzavnidnen da mis brZanebebs Seasrulebdnen. kei-
sars italiasa da iliriaSi eCqareboda, amitom elCebs
ubrZana, momavali zafxulis dasawyisSi dabrunebuli-
yvnen masTan. Tavad italiaSi gaeSura, mas Semdeg rac
legionebi zamTris sadgomebze daabinava karnutebs122,
andebsa123 da turonebs124 Soris da iseT tomebSi, rom-
lebic axlos iyvnen Cavlili saomari kampaniis adg-
ilebTan. am saqmeebis gamo, romelTa Sesaxebac keisris
weriliT Seityves, senatma dadgenileba gamosca TxuT-
meti dRis ganmavlobaSi aRsrulebuliyo samadlobeli
wirva - aseTi pativi aqamde aravis rgebia.
122 karnutebi (Carnuti) _ mZlavri kelturi tomi, romelic mosax-

leobda mdinare senasa da luaras Soris gaSlil teritoriaze, cen-
tralur galiaSi. maTi mTavari qalaqi iyo cenabumi (SemdgomSi ewo-
da orleani).
123 andebi (Andes) _ kelturi tomi. mosaxleobda armorikis mxareSi,
romelic nawilobriv moicavda bretanis naxevarkunZuls.
124 turonebi (Turones) _ centralur galiaSi mosaxle tomi, romel-
Ta mTavar qalaqs keisris laSqrobebis Semdgom kesarodunumi ewo-
da (SemdgomSi qalaqi turi).
- 90 -
saZieblebi
pirTa saxelebi
a katamantaledi 13
kimberiusi 44
andekumboriusi 65
ariovistusi 39, 40, 41-44, 46-47, 49- l
52, 54-60 labienusi, titus 20, 31, 61-62, 73
g liskusi 25-26
gabiniusi, aulus 16 m
galba 66, 74 maqsimusi, kvintus fabius 3, 16, 54,
d 84
mesala, markus 12, 23, 43
dumnoriqsi 13, 19, 26, 28-30
diviciakusi 13, 25-26, 28-30, 37, 39- metiusi, markus 56, 60
40, 49, 66, 68, 72, 74, n
diviko 23-24 nameiusi 18
v nasua 44
verukletiusi 18 o
vokio 60 orgetoriqsi 12-15, 23, 34
i p
ikciusi 69 pediusi, kvintus 63, 73
k prokilusi, gaius valerius 29, 55,
60
keisari, gaius iulius 10, 11, 14, 16,
18-19, 21-26, 28-37, 40-65, 67-74, 76- pizo, markus 12, 16, 23, 43
80, 83-84, 86-90 pizo, lucius 16
kastikusi 13 s
kasiusi, lucius 18, 22-23 sabinusi, kvintus titurius 68, 71
krasusi, markus 31, 48, 54 sula, lucius 31, 70
krasusi, publius licinius 59, 89
konsidiusi, publius 31 f
kaburusi, gaius valerius 29, 35 flakusi, gaius valerius 56
kota, lucius aurenkulieus 72-73
geografiuli saxelebi
a b
akvitania 10-12 belgebi 10, 11, 12, 44, 47, 62-63, 65-
akvilea 20 71, 74, 76-78
ambarebi 21, 24 boiebi 15, 33-36
arvernebi 25, 37, 40, 54 biturigebi 28
ambianebi 66-67, 76
avlerkebi 89 g
andebi 90 galebi 10-11, 13-14, 16, 18-30, 32, 34,
arari (sona) 22, 25 37, 39-45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 60-67, 71, 74,
84, 87, 90
garumna (garona) 11-12 nerviebi 20, 67, 76-78, 82, 85-86, 88
graiokelebi 20 noviodunumi 73-74
germanelebi 12, 15, 22, 35, 37, 39-52,
55-61, 63, 65, 67-68 o
osismebi 89
d p
dubisi 45
pirenei 6
e r
eduebi 13, 19, 21-26, 28-29, 32, 35, 37,
39, 40-44, 46-47, 49, 51-52, 56, 58, 68, renusi (raini) 11-12, 15, 35, 37, 39-41,
72, 76, 80, 85-86 43-44, 51-52, 59, 60
eburonebi 67, 72 rodanusi (rona) 11-12, 15-16, 18-19,
esubiebi 89 21-22, 42
raurikebi (raurakebi) 15, 36
v rutenebi 54
vikontia 20 remebi 65-66, 68-74
veliokasebi 66-67 redonebi 89
viromanduebi 66-67, 77, 82
venetebi 89 s
vesontio (bezansoni) 12, 44, 45 sekvanebi 5-6, 11-13, 15-16, 18-19, 21-
22, 29, 37, 39-44, 47, 52, 56, 61
i santonebi 19, 21
iura 12, 15, 18, 34 segusiavebi 16, 20
svebebi 37, 39-40, 44, 58, 59, 60
k sedusiebi 58
katurigebi 20 suesionebi 65-66
keltebi 10-16, 19-20, 28-29, 34, 36, sabisi (sambra) 77-78
44, 54, 60, 66-67, 74, 90
keutronebi 20 t
kaeroesebi 67 tigurinebi 22-23
kondrusebi 67 tevtonebi 22, 41-42, 46, 60, 66-67,
kaletebi 66-67 86-87
karnutebi 90 treverebi 25, 44, 67, 83
kuriosolitebi 89 tribokebi 58
turonebi 90
l tulingebi 15, 33, 35-36
lemanusi (Jenevis tba)12, 18 tolosatebi 19
latobrigebi 15, 35-36
lingonebi 34, 47 u
leukebi 47 urba 34
m h
matrona (marna) 11, 34 helvetebi 12-16, 18-26, 28-36, 40,
magetobrigi (brZolis adgili) 37, 40 47-48, 56
markomanebi 58 harudebi 39, 44, 58
morinebi 67
menapiebi 67
n
noriki 15, 59-60
noreia 15, 60
wignSi gamoyenebuli ilustraciebi aRebulia
Iron Mitten-s blogidan (iron-mitten.blogspot.com)
ydaze: kelturi broSi safrangeTidan, Zv.w. IV s.
(Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris)
კეისრის ომი გალიაში, რომის მიერ კელტურ ტომთა
დიდი ნაწილის დაპყრობა, ანტიკური ხანის ერთ-ერთი
ყველაზე ფართომასშტაბიანი სამხედრო კამპანიების
სერია იყო. ამ მოვლენათა შესახებ თავად გაიუს იულიუს
კეისარი მოგვითხრობს თავის თხზულებაში, რომელსაც
"კომენტარები გალიის ომის შესახებ" ეწოდება. ის მოიცავს
როგორც გალიის დაპყრობას ძვ.წ. 58-50 წლებში, ასევე
კამპანიას ბრიტანეთსა და გერმანიაში და მნიშვნელოვან
ცნობებს გვაწვდის იმ დროისათვის რომაული
სამყაროსათვის ნაკლებად ნაცნობი ამ ორი მხარის
შესახებ. პირველ ორ წიგნში რომელიც ჩვენს გამოცემაშია
შესული, განხილულია სამი მასშტაბური მოვლენა -
ჰელვეტების გადასახლება და რომთან დაპირისპირება,
ბრძოლა სვებების მეფე არიოვისტუსთან და ომი
ბელგიასთან.
"ამ წიგნის წაკითხვის შემდეგ, კალამს ვეღარ აიღებ ხელში"

მარკუს ტულიუს ციცერონი
"კეისრის ელეგანტურად მარტივი და გრამატიკულად

გამართული პროზა დიდი ხნის განმავლობაში რჩებოდა
ლათინურ ენასა და ლიტერატურასთან მოსწავლეთა
პირველი შეხების წერტილად"
ადრიან გოლსვორთი

გაიუს იულიუს კეისარი - კომენტარები გალიის ომის შესახებ

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გაიუს იულიუს კეისარი - კომენტარები გალიის ომის შესახებ

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keisari

კომენტარები გალიის ომის შესახებ

komentarebi galiis omis Sesaxeb

Galia est Pacata (galia damorCilebulia)

keisris omi galiaSi, romis mier keltur tomTa didi

qarTul enaze iulius keisris Sesaxeb gamocemulia ori

misi gamocdileba garkveulwilad gaTvaliswinebulia

pirvel or wignSi ganxilulia sami masStaburi movle-

6 aleqsandre wereTeli, Zveli romis istoria (Tbilisi, 1992), 264.

monur mdgomareobaSi iyo. gali didebulis statussa da

8 Zv.w. II saukunisaTvis, romaelebi ukve gamoyofdnen cisalpur ga-

romaelebma gaiyvanes gza espaneTamde _ Via Domitiana.

9 Suetonius, De vita Caesarum, I, XXV, 1.

wlebSi). SesavalSi maT detalur mimoxilvas saWirod ar

11 iqve, 186-189. keisris `komentarebis” wyalobiT, Cven ufro meti

Txzuleba saintereso iyo samxedro moRvaweTaTvis. na-

14 strategosebi da keisrebi, antikur wyaroTa gaTvaliswinebiT

ul movlenaTa Soris ra aris mniSvnelovani da da zog-

16 lukianosi, `rogor unda iwerebodes istoria” (20-28), rCeuli

gaius iulius keisari

komentarebi galiis omis Sesaxeb

[1] (mTeli) galia iyofa sam nawilad, romelTagan erTi

17 dRevandeli belgia da Crdilo-dasavleT safrangeTi.

ki - galebad20 iwodeba. yvela maTganis ena, Cveulebebi

20 miuxedavad imisa, rom keisari ase dawvrilebiT axdens keltu-

SemosazRvrulia mdinare garumnaTi, okeaniTa da bel-

26 sekvanebi (Sequani) erT-erTi yvelaze mravalricxovani da Zlieri

lebic Cvens provincias gamoyofen helvetebisgan. es

30 romauli sazomiT erTi mili aris daaxloebiT 1481 metri.

umaRles Zalauflebas Tavis tomSi da plebsis34 umrav-

34 igulisxmeba mdabio warmoSobis xalxi.

laferi mzad hqondaT, yvela Tavisi simagre36, ricxviT

36 Oppidum laTinurad niSnavs simagres, cixe-qalaqs. romaelebisT-

gadmohyurebda maRali mTa da sul mciresac40 advilad

Zleboda bevri jariskaci gamoiwvia (mTel Soreul ga-

43 es wesi iTvaliswinebda damarcxebuli mtris gadajvaredinebul

ra, romaeli xalxis Cveulebisa da magaliTis Tanaxmad

45 tolosatebi (Tolosates) - samxreT galiaSi, qalaq tolosasa (ax. tu-

sazRvrebidan, es teritoria ki provinciaSi Sedis46. Tu

50 ambarebi (Ambarri) - galiis tomi, romelTac keisari eduebTan

[12] mdinare arari52 moedineba eduebisa da sekvanebis

52 arari (Arar) - dRevandeli mdinare sona. moedineba aRmosavleT

RmerTebis nebiT, yovel SemTxvevaSi helvetTa tomis im

pirispireboda, magram kimbrebis mokavSire tigurinebis beladma

mamebisa da papebisgan naswavli hqondaT, rom ebrZolaT

dari, romelic Segrovili hyavda mTeli provinciidan,

57 rogorc keisari aRniSnavs, liskusis wodeba iyo vergobreti,

mas irCevdnen erTi wliT da sicocxlisa da sikvdilis

irCevda saxalxo kreba (romelSic qurumebi mniSvnelovan rols as-

ekiTxeba imis Sesaxeb, rac krebaze Tqva. is saubrobs

arma gamokiTxviT isic gamoarkvia, rom ramodenime dRis

misi TandaswrebiT iTqva galebis sabWoze dumnoriqsis

zavna xalxi rom daezveraT mTa da Semogareni Tu ro-

60 RamiT banakis guSagebi ramdenjerme icvlebodnen, amitom Rame

[23]momdevno dRes 2 dReRa rCeboda jariskacebisT-

li sityvis Semdeg keisaric brZolaSi CaerTo. legio-

moTavsdnen, matarebsa da trigulebs61 esrodnen Cven-

61 matara (Matara), trigula (Trigula) - matara ewodeboda mZime da xel-

ewodeboda, SiSisgan dazafrulebi, rom iaraRis Cabare-

xmareba SeeZlo, calke bavSvebi, moxucebi da qalebi.

64 raurakebi, raurikebi (Rauraci) - helvetebis mezobeli, mokavSire

romlebic adrec iyvnen keisarTan, dabrundnen da sTx-

65 arvernebi (Arverni) - yvelaze Zlevamosili tomi galebs Soris

nen maT, magram didi zarali ganicades, mTeli maRali