SEISMIC RESPONSE of The Building Having Floating Column

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY IRREGULAR BUILDING

WITH FLOATING COLUMN
Isha Rohilla1, S.M. Gupta2, Babita Saini3

1
Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
2
3
Abstract
In recent times, multi-storey buildings in urban cities are required to have column free space due to shortage of space, population
and also for aesthetic and functional requirements. For this buildings are provided with floating columns at one or more storey.
These floating columns are highly disadvantageous in a building built in seismically active areas. The earthquake forces that are
developed at different floor levels in a building need to be carried down along the height to the ground by the shortest path.
Deviation or discontinuity in this load transfer path results in poor performance of the building. In this paper, the critical
position of floating column in vertically irregular buildings has been discussed for G+5 and G+7 RC buildings for zone II and
zone V. Also the effect of size of beams and columns carrying the load of floating column has been assessed. The response of
building such as storey drift, storey displacement and storey shear has been used to evaluate the results obtained using ETABS
software.
Keywords: Floating column, Irregular building, Response spectrum method

--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION have sufficient strength to receive the load from floating

column and convey it to foundation level. Previous research
A structure with floating can be categorized as vertically showed that the floating columns at ground floor have most
irregular as it causes irregular distributions of mass, strength adverse effect on response of building during earthquake
and stiffness along the building height [1]. It is defined as a [3]. Ref [4] studied the response of RC frame building with
column which ends at its lower level on a beam and does not floating column considering different soil conditions. Also
reach to the foundation level. Floating column provided in a magnification factor was determined for safe and
structural system is highly undesirable especially in higher economical design of building with floating column. Ref [6]
zones like III, IV & V. compared the behaviour of structure with floating column of
square and rectangular cross section. Through this study,
Floating column the critical position of floating column in irregular building
has been observed. Effect of increase in size of beam and
column on response of RC building with floating column
during earthquake has also been analysed. Response
parameters that have been used in the study are storey drift,
Floating column storey shear & storey displacement.
2. MODELLING DETAILS
Fig -1: Floating column in a building
Two irregular RC building models with G+5 & G+7 storeys
In every building the load transfer takes place from have been used for the evaluation. The plan and elevations
horizontal members (beams & slabs) to vertical members have been shown in Fig. 2 – Fig. 6. For each model two
(walls and columns) which transfer the load to foundation zones were considered for analysis viz. zone II and zone V.
level. So there should be a clear load path available for the Medium soil conditions were used for analysis. Also for
load to reach the foundation level. Absence of column at each model 2 cases of irregularities have been taken. Each
any level changes the load path and transfers the floating model consists of two bays at the spacing of 5 m each and 1
column load through horizontal beams below it, also known bay at 6m spacing in X direction. However in Y- direction
as transfer girders [2]. This altered path will cause large each bay is at spacing of 5m. The importance factor and
vertical earthquake forces under horizontal earthquake response reduction factor have been used as 1 and 5
ground motion due to overturning effect [2]. Therefore respectively in the analysis. Earthquake has been considered
when floating column is to be necessarily provided special in X direction only. Various loads acting on all the models
care should be given to the transfer girders and column and others parameters are shown in table 1.
below the floating column. These beams and column should
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 506
Table -1: Input parameters

Storey Slab Dead load Live load Masonry
height thickness load
(m) (mm)
3.5 100 3 kN / m² 4 kN / m² 16 kN / m²
Fig- 4: Elevation of G+5 irregular building 2
Fig -2: Plan of G+5 & G+7 RC models
Fig -5: Elevation of G+7 irregular building 1

_______________________________________________________________________________________
For irregular building frame of type 1, three different

positions of floating column and for irregular frame of type
2, four positions have been taken. The discontinuity has
been provided at the ground floor only because it has
already been observed in previous research studies that
floating column caused adverse effects when discontinued at
ground floor. The positions of floating column for both the
building frames have been shown in figure6 (a), (b), (c) &
(d).
For irregular type 1 structures only three positions have been

taken (position 1, 2 & 4). To determine the effect of size of
beams and columns supporting floating column (beams &
columns of first floor), three combinations of beams and
columns sizes as shown in table 2 have been taken (c): Position 3
maintaining aspect ratio. The results on storey shear, storey
displacement and storey drift have been compared with
reference size.
For each size of transfer girder and column supporting

floating column, two cases have been taken. In case 1 size
of only ground floor beams and column has been changed
and in case 2 the size of both first floor and ground floor
beams and columns has been changed.
(d): Position 4
Fig -7: Different positions of floating column in irregular

building type 2 for both G+5 and G+7 building frames
Table 1: Different sizes of beams and columns

Reference 250 x 450 Reference 250 x 400
Beam Column
(a):Position 1 Beam a 250 x 500 Column a 250 x 450
Beam b 300 x 600 Column b 300 x 500
Beam c 300 x 650 Column c 300 x 600
3. ANALYSIS OF RESULT
The graphs showing the response parameters in both types
of irregular buildings G+5 and G+7 have been shown in fig.
8 – fig. 19. Location of floating column has been varied in
order to determine most critical position. Here ‘ref’ denotes
the model with reference beam & column size without
floating column.
(b):Position 2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
80
Storey Displacement in mm
ref zone2
70
60 gf1 zone2
50
gf2 zone2
40
gf4 zone2
30
20 ref zone5
10
gf1 zone5
0
gf2 zone5
Storeys
gf4 zone5
Fig -8: Storey displacement in G+5 irregular building 1
80 refzone2
70 gf1zone2
60
gf2zone2
50
gf3zone2
40
gf4zone2
30
20 refzone5
10 gf1 zone5
0
gf2zone5
gf3zone5
Storeys gf4zone5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
0.006
ref zone2
0.005
gf1 zone2
Storey Drift 0.004
gf2 zone2
0.003
gf4 zone2
0.002
ref zone5
0.001
gf1 zone5
0
gf2 zone5
gf4 zone5
Storeys
Fig -10: Storey drift in G+5 irregular building 1
0.0045 ref zone 2
0.004
gf1 zone2
0.0035
Storey Drift
gf2 zone2
0.003
0.0025 gf3 zone2
0.002
gf4 zone2
0.0015
ref zone5
0.001
0.0005 gf1 zone5
0
gf2 zone5
gf3 zone5
Storeys
gf4 zone5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1400
ref zone2
1200
gf1 zone2
Storey Shear in kN 1000
gf2 zone2
800
gf4 zone2
600
400 ref zone5
200 gf1 zone5
0 gf2 zone5
gf4 zone5
Storeys
Fig -12: Storey shear in G+5 storey irregular building 1
1200
1000 ref zone2

Storey Shear in kN
gf1zone2
800
gf2zone2
600 gf3zone2
gf4zone2
400
ref zone5
200
gf1 zone5
0 gf2zone5
Story6 Story5 Story4 Story3 Story2 Story1
gf3zone5
Storeys
gf4zone5
Fig- 13: Storey shear in G+5 irregular building 2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
160
refzone2
140
gf1 zone2
120
100 gf2 zone2

80
gf4 zone2
60
40 ref zone5
20
gf1 zone5
0
gf2 zone5
gf4 zone5
Storeys
160 ref zone2

140 gf1 zone2
120 gf2 zone2

100
gf3 zone2
80
gf4 zone2
60
ref zone5
40
gf1 zone5
20
gf2 zone5
0
gf3 zone5
Storeys gf4 zone5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
0.008
ref zone 2
0.007
gf1 zone 2
0.006
Storey Drift
0.005 gf2 zone 2
0.004 gf4 zone2
0.003
ref zone 5
0.002
gf1 zone5
0.001
gf2 zone5
0
gf4 zone5
Storeys
0.008 ref zone 2
0.007 gf1 zone 2
0.006 gf2 zone 2

0.005
Storey Drift
gf3 zone 2
0.004
gf4 zone 2
0.003
ref zone 5
0.002
0.001 gf1 zone 5
0 gf2 zone 5
gf3 zone 5
gf4 zone 5
Storeys
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2000
ref zone 2
1800
1600 gf1 zone 2
Storey Shear in kN
1400
gf2 zone 2
1200
1000 gf4 zone 2
800
ref zone 5
600
400 gf1 zone 5
200
gf2 zone 5
0
gf4 zone 5
Storeys
Fig -18: storey shear in G+7 irregular building 1
1800 ref zone 2

1600
gf1 zone 2
1400
Storey Shear in kN
gf2 zone 2
1200
gf3 zone 2
1000
800 gf4 zone 2
600 ref zone 5

400
gf1 zone 5
200
gf2 zone 5
0
gf3 zone 5
gf4 zone 5
Storeys
Fig -19: Storey shear in G+7 irregular building 2
The changes brought by different sizes of beams and column

for both the cases on structural response parameters have
been shown in bar charts fig. 20 – fig. 31 for most critical
position of floating column (position 4). As the floating
column is not causing much effect on response of structures
in zone 2 therefore effect of changes on structural response
has been shown for zone 5 only.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
180
160 ref zone 5
140
gf4 zone5
120
100 gf4 zone5 a1

80
gf4 zone5 b1
60
40
gf4 zone5 c1
20
0 gf4 zone5 a2
gf4 zone5 b2
Storeys gf4 zone5 c2
160
140 ref zone5

120 gf4 zone5

100
gf4 zone5 a1
80
60 gf4 zone5 b1
40
gf4 zone5 c1
20
gf4 zone5 a2
0
Story8 Story7 Story6 Story5 Story4 Story3 Story2 Story1
gf4 zone5 b2
Storeys gf4 zone2 c2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
0.009
ref zone 5
0.008
0.007 gf4 zone5
0.006
Storey Drift
gf4 zone5 a1
0.005
0.004 gf4 zone5 b1
0.003
gf4 zone5 c1
0.002
0.001 gf4 zone5 a2
0
gf4 zone5 b2
gf4 zone5 c2
Storeys
0.008
ref zone5
0.007
gf4 zone5
0.006
Storey Drift
0.005 gf4 zone5 a1
0.004
gf4 zone5 b1
0.003
gf4 zone5 c1
0.002
0.001 gf4 zone5 a2
0
gf4 zone5 b2
gf4 zone5 c2
Storeys
Fig 23: Storey drift in G+7 irregular building 2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1800
ref zone5
1600
1400 gf4 zone5
Storey Shear in kN
1200
gf4 zone5 a1
1000
800 gf4 zone5 b1
600
gf4 zone5 c1
400
200 gf4 zone5 a2
0
gf4 zone5 b2
gf4 zone5 c2
Storeys
1800
1600 ref zone5
1400
gf4 zone5
Storey Shear in kN
1200
1000 gf4 zone5 a1
800
gf4 zone5 b1
600
400 gf4 zone5 c1
200 gf4 zone5 a2

0
gf4 zone5 b2
gf4 zone5 c2
Storeys
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION floors it increases by 18% for both structures. While for
upper floors it increases by 12% and 18% respectively for
4.1 Storey Displacement irregular structure 1 and 2. With increase in size of beams
Storey displacement is maximum for floating column at and column storey displacement decreases. In first case
ground floor position 4 for all model frames as the mass reduction in displacement of lower floors is very large as
carried by it at position 4 is maximum. Storey displacement compared to upper floors. However in second case (a2, b2,
in irregular structure type 2 is more than irregular structure c2) reduction in upper floors are also significant (14%, 28%,
type 1 [fig. 8,9,14 & 15]. With floating column, for lower 32% respectively for a2, b2 & c2) [fig. 20, 21].
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.2 Storey Drift [4] Poonam, Kumar Anil, Gupta A.K.,” Study of
response of structurally irregular building frames to
Storey drift increases due to presence of floating column. It seismic excitations”, International Journal of
is maximum at second floor for floating column at ground Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure
floor position 4 [fig. 10, 11, 16 & 17]. Storey drift is more Engineering Research and Development, Vol.2, pp.
in G+7 than G+5. For case 1 reduction in drift is at first 25-31, 2012.
floor and second floor only so that maximum storey drift [5] Kara N., Celep Z., “Nonlinear seismic response of
reduces by 12%, 24%, 25% for a1, b1 & c1 respectively structural systems having vertical irregularities due to
after which it increases up to 6%. This happened because of discontinuities in columns”, 15 WCEE, 2012.
higher reduction of storey displacement in lower floors than [6] Nautiyal Prerna, Akhtar Saleem, Batham Geeta, “
upper floors. For case 2, there is no increase in storey drift Seismic Response Evaluation of RC frame building
for above floors. So the maximum drift is reduced by 24%, with Floating Column considering different Soil
56%, 69% for a2, b2 & c2 respectively [fig. 22, 23]. Condition, International Journal of Current
Engineering and Technology”, Vol.4, pp. 132-138,
4.3 Storey Shear 2014.
Storey shear reduces due to presence of floating column in [7] Shah B.A., Patodi S.C., “Performance Based Seismic
building as the mass is less for building with floating Evaluation of RC Frames with Floating Columns”,
column. It is more for irregular structure 1 [fig. 12, 13, 18 NBMCW, 2011.
& 19]. Due to increase in size of beams and columns the
mass increases and therefore storey shear increases. It
increases by 10%, 17%, 20%, for a1, b1, c1 respectively and
7%, 21%, 29% for a2, b2 and c2 respectively [fig. 24, 25].
5. CONCLUSION
Following conclusions have been made on the basis of
analysis and results:
i. Floating columns should be avoided in high rise
building in zone 5 because of its poor performance.
ii. Storey displacement and storey drift increases due
to presence of floating column.
iii. Storey displacement increases with increase in load
on floating column.
iv. Storey shear decreases in presence of floating
column because of reduction mass of column in
structure.
v. Increase in size of beams and columns improve the
performance of building with floating column by
reducing the values of storey displacement and
storey drift.
vi. Increasing dimensions of beams and columns of
only one floor does not decreases storey
displacement and storey drift in upper floors so
dimensions should be increased in two consecutive
floors for better performance of building.
REFERENCES
[1] Banerjee Susanta, Patro S. K., “Estimation of the
Park-Ang Damage Index for Floating Column
Building with Infill Wall”, International Journal of
Civil, Architectural, Structural and Construction
Engineering, Vol. 08, pp. 760-763, 2014.
[2] Agarwal P., Shrikhande M., Earthquake resistant
design of structures, Eastern Economy Edition, 2006
[3] Srikanth.M. K, Yogeendra. R. Holebagilu, “ Seismic
Response Of Complex Buildings With Floating
Column For Zone II And Zone V”, International
journal of Engineering Research-Online, vol. 02., pp.
01-11, 2014.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

SEISMIC RESPONSE of The Building Having Floating Column

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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY IRREGULAR BUILDING

Isha Rohilla1, S.M. Gupta2, Babita Saini3

Keywords: Floating column, Irregular building, Response spectrum method

1. INTRODUCTION have sufficient strength to receive the load from floating

Table -1: Input parameters

Fig- 4: Elevation of G+5 irregular building 2

Fig -2: Plan of G+5 & G+7 RC models

Fig -5: Elevation of G+7 irregular building 1

Fig -3: Elevation of G+5 irregular building 1

Fig -6: Elevation of G+7 irregular building 2

For irregular building frame of type 1, three different

For irregular type 1 structures only three positions have been

For each size of transfer girder and column supporting

Fig -7: Different positions of floating column in irregular

Table 1: Different sizes of beams and columns

Fig -8: Storey displacement in G+5 irregular building 1

Fig -9: Storey displacement in G+5 irregular building 2

Fig -10: Storey drift in G+5 irregular building 1

0.0045 ref zone 2

Fig -11: Storey drift in G+5 irregular building 2

400 ref zone5

200 gf1 zone5

Fig -12: Storey shear in G+5 storey irregular building 1

1000 ref zone2

Fig- 13: Storey shear in G+5 irregular building 2

100 gf2 zone2

160 ref zone2

140 gf1 zone2

120 gf2 zone2

Storeys gf4 zone5

Fig -15: Storey displacement in G+7 irregular building 2

0.005 gf2 zone 2

0.004 gf4 zone2

Fig -16: Storey drift in G+7 irregular building 1

0.008 ref zone 2

0.007 gf1 zone 2

0.006 gf2 zone 2

0.001 gf1 zone 5

1800 ref zone 2

600 ref zone 5

Fig -19: Storey shear in G+7 irregular building 2

The changes brought by different sizes of beams and column

160 ref zone 5

100 gf4 zone5 a1

Storeys gf4 zone5 c2

Fig -20: Storey displacement in G+7 irregular building 1

140 ref zone5

120 gf4 zone5

Storeys gf4 zone2 c2

Fig -21: Storey displacement in G+7 irregular building 2

0.007 gf4 zone5

0.004 gf4 zone5 b1

0.001 gf4 zone5 a2

Fig -22: Storey drift in G+7 irregular building 1

0.005 gf4 zone5 a1

0.001 gf4 zone5 a2

Fig -24: Storey shear in G+7 irregular building 1

200 gf4 zone5 a2

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