Lab Report #04

Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Course : Electronic Circuits

Course Code: ICE251

Experiment No: 04

Experiment Name: Study of Clipper and Clamper Circuits.

Theory:

Clipper:Clipper circuits have the ability to “clip” off a portion of the input signal without
distorting the remaining part of the alternating waveform. The half wave rectifier of the
previous experiment is an example of the simplest form of diode clipper. Depending on the
orientation of thy diode, the positive or negative region of the input signal is “clipped” off.
There are two general categories of clippers: series and parallel. The series c configuration is
defined as one where the diode is in series with the load, while the parallel variety has the
diode in branch parallel to the load.
Clippers are useful for protecting circuits from exceeding various voltages, used for the
generation and shaping of waveforms, protection of circuits from spikes, amplitude restorers,
used as voltage limiters, used in television circuits and FM transmitters

Clampers:Sometimes you may want to leave the waveform unchanged, but modify its DC
level up or down. To accomplish this, you use a clamper circuit. The beauty of clampers is
that they can adjust the DC position of the waveform without knowing what the waveform
actually is.The positive clamper shown in the figure below works as follows:

In the positive half of the first cycle, the voltage across the capacitor cannot change
instantaneously; therefore as the voltage on the input moves up, the voltage on the top of the
diode has to follow this voltage. This reverse biases the diode causing it to act as an open,
thus the output voltage follows the input voltage. As the input voltage drops into the negative
half of the first cycle, the diode is going to be forward biased. In the positive half of the first
cycle, the voltage across the capacitor cannot change instantaneously.
Clampers are used as direct current restorers, test equipment, voltage multipliers, base-line
stabilizer, used for the protection of amplifiers. Therefore as the voltage on the input moves
up, the voltage on the top of the diode has to follow this voltage;

Equipment and Accessories:

Component Details Specification Quantity

1. Power supply 0-30V dc 1 pc
2. Oscilloscope 1 pc
3. Function generator 1 pc
4. Diode 1N4007 1 pc
5. Resistor 1kΩ 1 pc
6. Wires 10 pcs
7. Multimeter 1 pc
8. Capacitor 10μF or 33μF 1 pc
Theoretical Calculation:

Clipper:

During positive half cycle,

using KVL,
-10 + Vo = 0
⇒Vo = 10V

During negative half cycle,

using KVL,

5 + Vo = 0
⇒Vo = -5V

Clamper:
During negative half cycle,
using KVL,
-5 + Vo = 0
⇒Vo = 5V
using KVL,
10 – Vc + 5 =0
⇒Vc = 15V
During positive half cycle,

Using KVL,

-10 – 15 + Vo = 0
⇒Vo = 25V

Discussion:

In this experiment we learned to implement AC voltage through two methods. One is the
clipper and the other is the clamper. We both learned to use physical. We have implemented
the output voltage of clipper and clamper by implementing different dc voltage circuit, and
each wave has got a different wave form in the display. We did not face much problems
while implementing the circuit for the clipper circuit but at the time of clamper circuit, there
was some problem with the resistor and source connection at the circuit effect, but it was later
resolved. In comparison to this experiment, we have learned to use a lot of things and learned
some ideas of how to use them and create new things.