Analyzing Ethical Decision

Nurse practitioners (NPs) are constantly faced with the need to make ethical decisions and

ethical knowledge is the foundation in solving challenging health care issues. They are required to

do what is right while using professional judgement (Dolan, 2016; Pozgar, 2019), while keeping

their moral integrity whole (Dolan, 2016). Additionally, to make ethical decisions, there is a wide

range of factors which may influence and determine their actions (Medina-Rico et. al., 2017).

According to Pozgar (2019), healthcare problems occur when there are alternative choices, limited

resources, and differing values among patients, family members and caregivers. When the

principles of autonomy and beneficence conflict with one another, problems arise (Pozgar, 2019).

Principles of autonomy and beneficence are essential to the ethical decision-making

process (Buppert, 2018; Medina-Rico et. al., 2017). Respecting a patients’ autonomy means the

patient has the right to make choices regarding care and treatment. The American Nurses

Association (ANA) Code of Ethics embraces a guiding principle to promote and advocate for the

rights of the patient, and requires the nurse to recognize patient autonomy (ANA, 2014). The

American society has highly valued and respect patient autonomy and legally protects the right of

patients to self-determination in health care decisions. Advance planning with patients and

providing ideal support for both patient and family members, and showing compassion are true

marks of moral character and is expected of all healthcare providers. With interprofessional care,

NPs need the knowledge and skills to facilitate consensus among healthcare team members in

ethically difficult situations.

This paper aims to…

References

American Nurses Association (2014). Code of ethics for nurses. Retrieved from

https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-

for-nurses/

Buppert, C. (2018). Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide (6th ed.). Sudbury, Ma:

Bartlett & Jones Learning.

Dolan, C. (2016). Moral, Ethical, and Legal Decision-making in Controversial NP Practice

Situations. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 13(2), 57-65.

Medina-Rico, M., Lopez-Ramos, H. & Quiñonez, A. (2017). Sexuality in people with intellectual

disability: review of literature. Sexuality and Disability, 36(3), 231-248. Retrieved from

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Pozgar, G. D. (2019). Legal and ethical issues for health professionals. Burlington, MA: Jones

and Barlett Learning

Ateng arena ding pwedi mung iabe king discussion mu king patient.

 The onset and progression of either physical or intellectual disability through puberty may

be challenging for patients and their families and caregivers. Menstrual regulation can be

useful to reduce symptoms of dysmenorrhea, reduce irregular menstrual bleeding, and

decrease the frequency or amount of menstrual breeding (Grace, 2018). Menstrual

regulation can be combined hormonal contraceptives, progesterone-only contraceptives in

pills, injectables, implants and IUDs, NSAIDs, and surgical intervention as the last resort

(Grace, 2018).

 Adolescents with disabilities are at higher risk for sexual abuse and should receive sexual

abuse prevention education at an appropriate level for their intellectual abilities. (Grace,

2018)

 Mothers of young people with intellectual disability held more cautious attitudes about

contraception, sex education, and intimate relationships decisions (Medina-Rico et. al.,

2017).

 Mothers stated concerns about their children with intellectual disability and sexual

vulnerability (Medina-Rico et. al., 2017).

 Menstrual suppression (the use of hormonal contraceptive methods to eliminate or

significantly decrease the frequency of menstrual cycles) is frequently used in the

adolescent population for the management of menstrual symptoms such as heavy or painful

periods, premenstrual syndrome, menstrual migraines, or even for patient preference.

However, in cases of menstrual suppression in special populations additional risks and

benefits need to be considered. The purpose of this article is to review the options and

medical considerations for menstrual suppression in patients undergoing chemotherapy

 who might be at risk of abnormal uterine bleeding, those with intellectual or physical

disability, and transgender and gender nonbinary individuals. (Pradhan & Gomez-Lobo,

2019)

Deni ding references para king discussion

Grace, P. J. (2018). Nursing ethics professional responsibility in advanced practice (pp. 58-60).

Burlington, MA: Jones and Barlett Learning

Pradhan, S. & Gomez-Lobo, V. (2019). Hormonal Contraceptives, Intrauterine Devices,

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Analogues and Testosterone: Menstrual Suppression in

Special Adolescent Populations. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.

Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2019.04.007

Talib, H. J. (2018). Adolescent Gynecology: A Clinical Casebook. Cham: Springer International

Publishing