Mine Fan - General

Nuhindro Priagung Widodo

Teknik Pertambangan
Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan
Institut Teknologi Bandung
2014

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 Isi
1. Pengertian dan istilah
2. Klasifikasi dan cara kerja alat ventilasi mekanis
- Fan sentrifugal
- Fan axial
- Mixed-flow fan
3. Kurva karakteristik fan
4. Hukum-hukum fan

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Klasifikasi alat ventilasi mekanis
untuk Tambang
Fans Centrifugal Radial tip
Forward curved
Backward curved
Axial Flow Tube-axial
Vane-axial
Compressors Centrifugal
Axial Flow
Positive Rotary
displacement Axial Flow
Injectors Cylindrical
Conical
Venturi

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 Fan

Axial fan Centrifugal fan

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Tube-fan

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Mixed-flow fan

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Centrifugal fan

Axial fan

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Variable/adjustable Pitch Fan

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Compressed-air injectors

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 ASSESSMENT OF FANS AND BLOWERS
What is fan efficiency / performance?
Fan efficiency is the ratio between the power transferred to the air stream and the
power delivered by the motor to the fan. The power of the airflow is the
product of the pressure and the flow, corrected for unit consistency.
Another term for efficiency that is often used with fans is static efficiency, which
uses static pressure instead of total pressure in estimating the efficiency. When
evaluating fan performance, it is important to know which efficiency term is
being used.
The fan efficiency depends on the type of fan and impeller. As the flow rate
increases, the efficiency increases to certain height (“peak efficiency”) and then
decreases with further increasing flow rate. The peak efficiency ranges for
different types of centrifugal and axial fans.

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Fan Efficiency

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 Penempatan Fan

Fan
Outlet unit

1. Fan with inlet-outlet duct

2. Forcing system
Fan

Outlet unit

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3. Exhausting system
Fan sentrifugal

Backward bladed-Centrifugal Impeller

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 Velocity and Total Pressure
of Centrifugal Fan

a. Radial tip b. Forward-curved c. Backward-curved

Pt = r VtVa Pt = r Vt(Vt + Vr cot q) Pt = r Vt(Vt - Vr cot q)

Pt = r Vt2
Vt tangential velocity of blade
Va tangential velocity of air Va =Vt + Vr cot q (m/s)
U velocity of air relative to the blade Vt = pDn/60 (m/s)
V absolute velocity of the air
qblade angle in degrees Vr = Q/A (m/s)
n fan speed in rpm
D diameter impeller plus blade
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Pt total pressure (Pa)
Theoretical Centrifugal Fan
Characteristic Curves

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Actual Centrifugal Fan Characteristic
Curves

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Axial Fan

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Typical Axial Fan Characteristic Curves

Pt = r Vt(V1 – V2)

Vt tangential velocity of blade

(V1 – V2) change in the rotational component
of the absolute velocity.
(V1 – V2) is varies along radius.

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Fan Laws

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Fan Laws

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Perubahan blade angle terhadap kurva
karakteristik fan dan total efisiensi

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 Perubahan blade
angle terhadap kurva
karakteristik fan dan
Fan Power

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 Contoh fan
technical
specification

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 Contra-rotating axial fan
A modification of the axial-flow fan. It consists of two impellers with aerofoil shaped blades that
rotate in opposite directions. The drive is by means of a single motor through differential gears,
or two separate motors, one for each impeller. They are placed in the airstream and act as
streamlined hubs. These fans are available for auxiliary ventilation in mines.

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Single vs. Contra-rotating axial fan

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 Pengaturan Fan

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Pengaturan Fan

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Kondisi Stall

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Main Fan

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Auxiliary Fan

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Masalah dalam
Instalasi Fan

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Pemeliharaan Fan

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Fan kombinasi: Series

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Fan kombinasi: Paralel

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Typical pressure gradient

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 Fan Evasees
and Diffusers

(Pa)

(Pa)

Re (m) Ae (m2) Teta Conv. Eff. Q v

Desain L (m) L/Rf Rf (m) Af (m2) Ae/Af (deg) m3/s m/s Hv (Pa) Hr (Pa) Pr (kW)
A 6.72 6 2 12.57 3.19 7.46 0.6 70 5.57 18.62 102.42 7.17
1.12 3.94 70 17.76 189.31

B 3.36 3 1.3 5.31 1.35 3.07 0.87 70 13.18 104.30 73.96 5.18
1.12 3.94 70 17.76 189.31

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 Fan curves

Cikoneng Cibitung

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 Difficulties in assessing the
performance of fans and blowers
In practice certain difficulties have to be faced when assessing the fan and blower
performance, some of which are explained below:

Non-availability of fan specification data: Fan specification data (see Worksheet 1)

are essential to assess the fan performance. Most of the industries do not keep
these data systematically or have none of these data available at all. In these cases,
the percentage of fan loading with respect to flow or pressure can not be estimated
satisfactorily. Fan specification data should be collected from the original
equipment manufacturer (OEM) and kept on record.

Difficulty in velocity measurement: Actual velocity measurement becomes a difficult

task in fan performance assessment. In most cases the location of duct makes it
difficult to take measurements and in other cases it becomes impossible to traverse
the duct in both directions. If this is the case, then the velocity pressure can be
measured in thecenter of the duct and corrected by multiplying it with a factor 0.9.

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 Difficulties in assessing the
performance of fans and blowers
Improper calibration of the pitot tube, manometer,
anemometer & measuring instruments: All
instruments and other power measuring instruments
should be calibrated correctly to avoid an incorrect
assessment of fans and blowers. Assessments should
not be carried out by applying correction factors to
compensate for this.
Variation of process parameters during tests: If there is
a large variation of process parameters measured
during test periods, then the performance assessment
becomes unreliable.

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 Choose the right fan

Important considerations when selecting a fan are (US

DOE, 1989):

• Noise
• Rotational speed
• Air stream characteristics
• Temperature range
• Variations in operating conditions
• Space constraints and system layout
• Purchase costs, operating costs (determined by
efficiency and maintenance), and operating life

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 Maintain fans regularly
Regular maintenance of fans is important to
maintain their performance levels. Maintenance
activities include (US DOE, 1989):

• Periodic inspection of all system components

• Bearing lubrication and replacement
• Belt tightening and replacement
• Motor repair or replacement
• Fan cleaning

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Power consumption among flow control options

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 Perbandingan kelebihan dan kekurangan
terhadap metode-metode pengaturan fan

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