Name: Snigdha Behera

Roll no.: 18ME8153

Subject: Theory of Machines (MEC 302)

DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS OF MACHINES

Question: Plot the curves for the velocity and acceleration of the piston and the
connecting rod of an internal combustion engine on MATLAB and discuss the results in
detail.

Below shown is the IC Engine based on the ​‘slider-crank mechanism’​ for its
operation.

OA: Crank

AP: Connecting rod

P: Piston
ω : Angular speed
θ : Position of the crank
l : Length of the connecting rod l : Length of the crank.
The ratio is, n = l/r →1

This ratio is called the ​eccentricity ratio. ​The connecting rod makes an angle ϕ with
the fixed link OP ,shown as follows:
 r sin θ = l sin ϕ
⇒ sin ϕ = (sin θ) / n →2
Now

cos ϕ = √1 − sin 2
ϕ
1/2
= (1 − (sin 2 θ) / n 2 )
= 1 − 1/2n 2 sin 2 θ + (− 1/8n 4 sin 4 θ − .......)

⇒ cos ϕ ≈ 1 − 1/2n 2 sin 2 θ →3

Since and |sin θ| ≤ 1 and n > 1 , the higher order terms vanish in eqn. (3). The position
of the piston is given by

The secondary component of v p goes down to zero as the ecccentricity rastio n is

increased, i.e lim n→∞ 1/2n sin 2θ = 0. Thus, the piston exhibits
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION. ​Both ω and r are constants for a given system and plot
the ​reduced velocity​ − v p /ωr in MATLAB. From the plot below,its evident that as n is
increased,the reduced velocity reaches the sine curve.
H

The secondary term of acceleration vanishes as shown where ​reduced acceleration

- a p /ω 2 r . reaches the cosine curve as n → ∞.