Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GED0009
At the end of the session, learners are expected to:
• Effectively communicate, using various techniques and
genres historical analysis of a particular event or issue
that could help others understand historical issues
LESSON #7
MARTIAL LAW
Watch the documentary film, “BATAS MILITAR”.
The Period of
Constitutional Authoritarianism
T H E MAR C O S R E G I M E & T H E N E W S O C I E TY ( 1 9 7 2 - 1 9 8 6 )
MARTIAL LAW
“…in its comprehensive
sense, includes all laws
that have reference to &
administered by the
military forces of the State.
They include the military
laws enacted by th e law-
making body for the
government of the armed
forces and the rules
governing the conduct of
military forces in times of
war & in place under
military occupation.”
MARTIAL LAW
“However, in its strict
sense, it is the law
which has application
when the military arm
does not supersede civil
authority but is called
upon to aid it in the
execution of its vital
functions.”
• Economic Crisis
• Large Budgetary Deficits
• External Debt Accumulations
• Foreign Loans
• Cumulative Capital Flights
• Issue of CORRUPTION
F. The Ninoy Assasination
• 1983 – rumours of a demised Marcos sparked
• Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino, Jr. as Marcial Bonifacio
• August 21, 1983 – China Airlines Flight 811 – Arrival of Aquino
• Blamed Ronaldo Galman
• Justice Corazon Agrava – Investigation of the double murder
(Nov 3, 1983 – Aug 20, 1984)
The Ninoy Assassination
The Ninoy Assassination
The Ninoy Assassination
Rolando Galman
Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino’s Funeral
Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino’s Funeral
Aquino Center a t Tarlac & Manila Memorial P a r k a t Par aňaque
G. The Fall of the Marcos Regime
• United Nationalist Democratic Organization + CPP
• Aquilino Pimentel’s Partido Demokratikong Pilipino (PDP) +
Lakas ng Bayan (LABAN)
• Increasing anti-government oppositions, protests,
demonstrations, rallies emerged (CorazonAquino)
• Oct 23, 1984 – Justice Agrava’s & Fact-Finding Board’s report re:
Aquino-Galman murder case
• Tanodbayan (Ombudsman)
• Feb 22, 1985 – Court Proceedings re: The Crime of the Century
Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr.
Anti-Marcos Protests & Demonstrations
Anti-Government Protests
The Trial of the Century: Aquino-Galman Murder Case
The Trial of the Century: Aquino-Galman Murder Case
The Trial of the Century: Aquino-Galman Murder Case
Aquino-Galman Court Proceedings
H. The Snap Presidential Election
• Pressure on the Marcos regime
• Salvador Laurel
• KBL – Manila Hotel – Announced Arturo Tolentino as running
mate of Marcos
• Dec 2, 1985 – P a m a r a n Court’s final verdict on Aquino-Galman
case
• Cabinet Bill No. 7 (Snap Election on Feb 7, 1986)
• Dec 3, 1985 – Corazon Aquino’s call for candidacy
Salvador Laurel
Arturo Tolentino
I. The Opposition Unites
• Aquino-Laurel vs Marcos-
Tolentino
• The campaign period
• Defections on Marcos camp
• NAMFREL & COMELEC
• Tallying of votes – Incidents &
Issues
• Feb 20, 1986 – Marcos-Laurel
proclaimed as snap election
winners
Aquino-Laurel vs Marcos-Tolentino
Aquino-Laurel vs Marcos Tolentino
Aquino-Laurel vs Marcos Tolentino
Aquino-Laurel vs Marcos Tolentino
Aquino-Laurel vs Marcos Tolentino
1986 Snap Election
1986 Snap Election
1986 Snap Election
Issues & Incidents Tallying the Votes
Issues & Incidents Tallying the Votes
Issues & Incidents Tallying the Votes
J. The EDSA People’s Power Revolt
(February 22-25, 1986)
• J u a n Ponce Enrile & Lt. Gen. Fidel Ramos’ resignation a t Camp
Aguinaldo (Feb 22. 1986)
• Coup d’etat – Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) – Col,
Gregorio Honassan
• The Radio Veritas broadcast re: protect the mutineers (EDSA) –
Jaime Cardinal Sin
• Marcos’ call for Gen. Prospero Olivas & Col. Alfredo S. Lim
• Feb 25, 1986 – C. Aquino’s oath-taking @Club Filipino,
Mandaluyong
• The Marcoses’ escape to Guam –> Hawaii (1989 death of Marcos)
Juan Ponce Enrile & Fidel Ramos
Juan Ponce Enrile & Fidel Ramos
General Fabian Ver
Juan Ponce Enrile & Fidel Ramos
Juan Ponce Enrile & Fidel Ramos
Col. Gregorio “Gringo” Honasan
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power Revolution
Pres. Corazon Aquino’s Oath-taking
Pres. Corazon Aquino’s Oath-taking
F. Marcos’ Oath-taking
Escape to Hawaii
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