CHARLES’ LAW

Introduction :

According to the kinetic theory, an increase in temperature will cause the molecules of
a gas to move faster and exert more pressure, or cause the gas to expand. Conversely, as a gas
is cooled, the molecules will move more slowly and the gas will contract, or exert less pressure.
In other words, the volume of a gas increases as temperature increases if the pressure remains
constant. This relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature is known as
CHARLES’ LAW.

Methods :

Weigh empty Erlenmeyer flask that equipped with rubber stopper and clip was set up.
Erlenmeyer flask was putted in a beaker containing water.

The water was boiled for 10 minutes with the tube open so the air in flask will have similar
temperature with water boiling point (100oC)

Before that, filled the water in the sink.

As the heating continue, clip the rubber tube and the clip position.

Flask from boil water was removed and place end of tube together with clip into the the sink
that containing water. The flask was leave in air. The clip was opened and let the water flow
into the flask. Ensure the air temperature in flask decrease to the water temperature.

Flask was removed from sink and tube was clipped at the point mark. Volume of apparatus
set up was measured.
Result :

Experiment data :

a. Weight of equipped flask 141.98g

b. Weight of equipped flask + water 197.31g
c. Weight of equipped flask + full water 378.60g

Data :

i. Weight of water in full in flask 236.62g

ii. Weight of sukced water (a - b) 197.31g – 141.98g
= 55.33g
iii. Volume of sucked water (ii x water density) 55.33 x 1g
mL
= 55.33 g2/mL
iv. Volume of air at 100’c Volume of full water in flask
=(i) x water density
=236.62 x 1g/mL
=236.62g2 mL

Calculate volume of air in room temperature using formula :

𝐕𝟏 𝐕𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐

Convert temperature to kelvin

100oC + 273.15 = 373.5 K

24OC + 273.15 = 297.15 K

V1 = VOLUME OF AIR IN ROOM TEMPERATURE

V2 = VOLUME OF GAS AT 100OC
T1 = TEMPERATRE OF AIR 24OC
T2 = TEMPERATURE OF GAS AT 100OC
𝐕𝟏 𝟐𝟔𝟑.𝟔𝟐
= = 209.93 mL
𝟐𝟗𝟕.𝟏𝟓𝐊 𝟑𝟕𝟑.𝟏𝟓
Discussion :

According to the kinetic theory, an increase in temperature will cause the molecules of a
gas to move faster and exert more pressure, or cause the gas to expand. Conversely, as a gas is
cooled, the molecules will move more slowly and the gas will contract, or exert less pressure.
In other words, the volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases if the pressure
remains constant. This relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature is called
Charles’ Law.

Charles' law can be demonstrated with the apparatus shown here. When the flask is removed
from the ice bath and placed in a warm-water bath, the gas in the flask expands. Erlenmeyer
flask together with the clamp around its neck can be easily removed from the rest of the
assembly. The flask should be as low in the beaker as possible, but not touching the beaker’s
sides or bottom. Pour tap water into the beaker. The Erlenmeyer flask should be immersed in
water all most up to the neck. Don’t pour in too much water, however, you’re going to boil it
and you don’t want hot water to splash out. Place a Bunsen burner below the assembly. Now
light the Bunsen burner and slowly heat the water to a calm boil. Let the water boil for at least
6 to 7min. You want the air trapped inside the Erlenmeyer to reach the same temperature as the
boiling water. We will assume that the temperature of the boiling water is 100 °C.

We also calculate the volume of water sucked by weight of sucked water multiplied at
water density. From what we know, water density is 1.0 g/mL. So, volume of sucked water is
40.09 mL. To find the volume of air at 100˚C is also equal to find the volume of water sucked.
Just to get the volume of air we need to fill the volume of water in a flask. Then we will be the
volume of air we need to fill the volume of water in a flask. Besides, to find the volume of air
in room temperature is the volume of air at 100˚C a minus by volume of water sucked and we
got 280.19 mL.

Questions :

1. What is the temperature (in Celsius) obtained when the extrapolated graph cross at
temperature-axis? Compare with the theory result.
Temperature is 0oc.
2. Using Charles Law and the amount of gas volume at 100°C from your experiment, determine
the volume theory at the water temperature in sink.

𝐕𝟏 𝐕𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
Convert temperature to kelvin
100oC + 273.15 = 373.5 K
24OC + 273.15 = 297.15 K
V1 = VOLUME OF AIR IN ROOM TEMPERATURE
V2 = VOLUME OF GAS AT 100OC
T1 = TEMPERATRE OF AIR 24OC
T2 = TEMPERATURE OF GAS AT 100OC
𝐕𝟏 𝟐𝟔𝟑.𝟔𝟐
= = 209.93 mL
𝟐𝟗𝟕.𝟏𝟓𝐊 𝟑𝟕𝟑.𝟏𝟓

3. Illustrate a graph for volume theory of water in sink in the same graph paper. Where did graph
cross the temperature axis? Explain your data.
Conclusion :
The purpose of this lab was to see the relationship of temperature and volume. Charles' Law is
a law which explains this correlation. It states that temperature and volume of a gas are proportional to each
other, so when the absolute temperature increase, the volume increases. In the lab, water was boiled and it's
temperature was taken (100°C). Then, the flask was put in upside down in a tub of cold water. Tokeep the pressure
constant, a clamp was put on when the water inside the flask was the same as outside.

References :

1. http://people.bu.edu/birubio/ch131/exp04.pdf.
2. http://www.ulm.edu/chemistry/courses/manuals/chem1003/session_07.pdf.