Grade 10

I. Learning Competency:
Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas.

II. Learning Content

Skill: Investigate (find out)
Content/Topic: Charles’s Law
Methodology: Investigate (find out) the relationship between volume and temperature at constant
pressure using problem solving.
Visualization: At the end of the lesson, all Grade 10 learners will investigate the relationship between
volume and temperature at constant pressure using problem solving.
Reference: Science 10 Learner’s Module pp. 369-375
Materials:

III. Procedure:
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Review
Before we proceed to our new topic this morning, we
are going to review first about our last topic last Friday. So
class, what was our last topic all about? Our last topic was all about Conversion of
That’s right! Our last topic was all about the Units in Volume, Pressure and Temperature.
Conversion of Units in Volume, Pressure and Temperature.
Now, what is volume? Volume measures the amount of space a gas
Very good! Volume is one of the properties of gases occupies.
which measures the size or amount of space a gas occupies.
What is the standard unit for volume? The standard unit for volume is Liter (L).

Excellent! The standard unit for volume is Liter (L).

How about the definition of pressure? What is pressure? Pressure is a force exerted by the substance
That’s correct! Pressure is the second property of per unit area on another substance.
gases which is the force that is exerted by the substance per
unit area on another substance. What is the standard unit
for pressure? The standard unit for pressure is the
atmosphere (atm).
Very good! The standard unit for pressure is the
atmosphere (atm). And lastly, what is temperature? Temperature is a physical quantity
expressing hot or cold and is very dependent
That’s right! Temperature is the third property of to both volume and pressure.
gases that is a physical quantity expressing hot or cold and
is very dependent to both volume and pressure. What is the
standard unit for temperature? The standard unit for temperature is Kelvin
Very good! The standard unit for temperature is called (K).
Kelvin (K).
Let me also show you class the commonly used units
for volume and pressure.
Variable SI Unit Metric Unit English
Unit
Volume  cubic meter  liter (L)  quart (qt)
(𝑚3 )  milliliter  gallon
 cubic (mL) (gal)
decimeter
(𝑑𝑚3 )
 cubic
centimeter
(𝑐𝑚3 )
 Pressure Pascal (Pa)  atmosphere  torr
(atm)  lb/in2
 millimeters (psi)
of mercury
(mmHg)
 centimeters
of mercury
(cmHg)
Now, do you have any questions or clarifications
before we proceed to our new topic? None ma’am.
Then let’s proceed.
B. Motivation
I have here a video presentation. All you have to do is
to observe what is in the video because I will be asking
questions afterwards. Am I clear? Yes ma’am.
(Video is all about the animated balloon.)
After 50 seconds.
Now class, what have you observed from the first
scenario of the video? The balloon is being inflated with helium gas
and lighted with a match which grew bigger
in its size until it popped.
Okay, very good! As what you have seen from the first
scenario of the video, while the balloon is being inflated
with helium gas and lighted with a match, it grows bigger in
its original size until it popped.
Since the balloon grows bigger in its size as it is being
lighted with a match, does this mean that the volume of the
balloon increases? Why? Yes ma’am. The volume of the balloon
increases because volume is the size or the
amount of space a certain substance
occupies. And the size of the balloon from
Very good! The volume of the balloon increases the first scenario showed that it expands.
because volume is the amount of space a certain substance
occupies. What do you think causes the balloon to increase
in its volume? What does the lighted match produce? The lighted match causes the balloon to
increase in volume because it produces heat.

And what property of gases measures heat? Temperature ma’am.

Very good! How about the second scenario of the
video? What happened to the volume of the balloon as it
floats and reaches the clouds? The volume of the balloon grew smaller or
decreases.
That’s right! The volume of the balloon decreases as it
floats and reaches the clouds because the temperature of
the clouds is cold.
Presentation:
Now class, do you know that there is a certain law
which states that there is a relationship between volume
and temperature? No ma’am.
If that’s the case, sit properly, and widen your mind as
we are going to discover the volume-temperature
relationship. Everybody read. “Charles’s Law”

Importance:
It is important for us to investigate the relationship
between volume and temperature for us to be able to
reason out how inflated objects pop, swell or shrink if
exposed to hot or cold surfaces. Like how the hot air balloon
floats upward and downward. Like how balloons that are
exposed to sunlight or any hot surfaces pop or shrink when
it is being exposed to cold surfaces. Or like how drivers
check their car’s tire pressure when temperature drops to
avoid having flat tires along the way or to avoid unfortunate
accidents.

Pre-requisite skills/content input:

Let’s discuss the relationship between the volume and
temperature at constant pressure in Charles’s Law. But
before that, let me introduce to you the man who
discovered this law.

Jacques-Alexandre-César Charles (1746-1823) – was born

in France. A French mathematician, physicist, and inventor
who was the first to ascend or fly in a hydrogen balloon. He
developed the Charles’s law concerning the thermal
expansion of gases.

Charles’s Law: “At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed

amount of gas is directly proportional to temperature.” This
simply means that as temperature increases the volume
also increases. And as temperature decreases the volume
also decreases.
T↑V↑
T↓V↓
That is why the relationship between volume and
temperature is directly proportional.

Charles’s Law can be expressed mathematically as:

𝑽 ∝ 𝑻 𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑷
Where: V = Volume and
T = Temperature expressed in Kelvin

Removing the proportionality symbol (∝) and using

the equality sign (=) the equation will be as follows:
𝑽
𝑽 = 𝒌𝑻 𝑜𝑟 𝒌 =
𝑻
Thus, in a direct proportion, the quotient of these two
variables is constant.
If you are going to consider the initial and final
conditions, you will arrive at the following equations:
𝑉1 𝑉2
= 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =𝑘
𝑇1 𝑇2
Whereas, 𝑽1 is the initial volume and 𝑽𝟐 is the final volume
𝑻𝟏 is the initial temperature and 𝑻𝟐 is the final
temperature

If the volume-temperature ratios are the same in the

initial and final conditions, then we will arrive at this final
equation:
𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
C. Modelling
To investigate more about the relationship between
volume and temperature at constant pressure, let’s
illustrate the mathematical equations by applying Charles’s
Law in solving problems.

Example 1: An inflated balloon with a volume of 0.75 L at 30

℃ was placed inside the freezer where the temperature is –
10℃. Find out what will happen to the volume of the
balloon if the pressure remains constant.

Let’s start with the given variables:

Initial Conditions Final Conditions
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝑳 𝑽𝟐 = ?
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎℃ = 𝟑𝟎𝟑𝑲 𝑻𝟐 = −𝟏𝟎℃ = 𝟐𝟔𝟑𝑲

Convert the temperature to Kelvin.

Initial Temperature:
𝐾 = ℃ + 273.15
= 30 + 273.15
𝑲 = 𝟑𝟎𝟑

Final Temperature:
𝐾 = ℃ + 273.15
= −10 + 273.15
𝑲 = 𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟏𝟓

Solve for the final volume.

𝑉1 𝑇2 (0.75𝐿)(263.15𝐾) 197.36𝐿
𝑉2 = = = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝑳
𝑇1 303𝐾 303

Example 2: 3.1 𝑐𝑚3 of a gas have a temperature of 15℃.

What temperature is required to increase the volume to 3.5
𝑐𝑚3 with pressure remaining constant?

Let’s start with the given variables:

Initial Conditions Final Conditions
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟏 𝒄𝒎 𝟑 𝑽𝟐 = 3.5 𝑐𝑚3
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓℃ = 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟏𝟓𝑲 𝑻𝟐 = ?

Convert the temperature to Kelvin.

Initial Temperature:
𝐾 = ℃ + 273.15
= 15 + 273.15
𝑲 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟏𝟓

Solve for the final temperature.

𝑉2 𝑇1 (3.1 𝑐𝑚3 )(288.15𝐾) 893.27
𝑇2 = = 3
=
𝑉1 3.5 𝑐𝑚 3.5
= 𝟐𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝑲

D. Guided Practice in Dyad

I have here another 2 sets of problems. Together with
your seatmates, I want you to group yourselves into two.
Investigate the relationship between volume and
temperature at constant pressure by solving the problems.
Answer it in a one whole sheet of paper.
Problem 1: A cylinder with a movable piston contains 250 𝑐𝑚3
air at 10℃. If the pressure is kept constant, at what
temperature would you expect the volume to be 150 𝑐𝑚3 ?

Problem 2: At 25℃, the volume of chlorine gas is 18 𝑐𝑚3 .

Compute for the resulting volume if the temperature is
adjusted to 350K provided that the pressure remains the same.

E. Independent Practice
Instructions: Investigate the relationship between volume
and temperature at constant pressure by solving the
problems. Answer it in a one whole sheet of paper.

1. A hot air balloon has a volume of 2,800 𝑚3 at 99℃. What

is the volume if the air cools to 80℃?

2. At 0℃, a gas occupies 24.4 L. How hot must the gas be to

reach a volume of 25.0 L?

IV. Assessment
Instructions: Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure by
solving the problems. Answer it in a one whole sheet of paper.

1. A tank (not rigid) contains 2.3 L of helium gas at 33℃. What will be the volume of the tank after heating
it and its content to 46℃ temperature at the pressure of 60 atm?

2. Calculate the decrease in temperature when 2.00 L at 21.0 °C is compressed to 1.00 L.

V. Assignment (Optional)
Instructions: Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure by
solving the problems. Answer it in a one whole sheet of paper.

1. At 27.00 °C a gas has a volume of 6.00 L. What will the volume be at 150.0 °C?
2. Given 300.0 mL of a gas at 17.0 °C. What is its volume at 10.0 °C?