Professional Documents
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal
Waste Education Seminar
Presentation 1
RCRA and Universal Waste Basics
November 17, 2016
RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is “RCRA”?
▸The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
▸Passed in 1976; amended and strengthened in 1984
▸Regulations under the United States Environmental
Protection Agency established a regulatory framework
for a “cradle‐to‐grave” hazardous waste management
program
▸The New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYSDEC) is authorized to manage the
RCRA hazardous waste program in New York State
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a RCRA hazardous waste?
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a RCRA hazardous waste?
The material must first meet the definition of “solid
waste”
▸ A solid, liquid or contained gaseous material that is:
▸Abandoned (thrown away)
▸“Inherently waste‐like”
▸Discarded military munition
▸Recycled
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a RCRA hazardous waste?
▸ Is the material specifically excluded from the RCRA definition
of solid waste?:
▸ Domestic sewage
▸ Excluded scrap metal being recycled
▸ Shredded circuit boards being recycled
▸ Is the material specifically excluded from regulation under
RCRA:
▸ Household hazardous waste
▸ Certain arsenic‐treated wood
▸ Hot‐drained used oil filters
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a RCRA hazardous waste?
Does the solid waste exhibit any of the four characteristics
of a hazardous waste?:
▸Ignitability (D001)
▸ Liquids with flash points <140° F
▸ Non‐liquids capable of causing fire
▸ Ignitable compressed gas
▸ Oxidizers
▸Corrosivity (D002)
▸ Aqueous wastes with a pH ≤ 2 (acids)
▸ Aqueous wastes with a pH ≥12.5 (bases)
▸ Ability to corrode steel
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a RCRA hazardous waste?
Does the solid waste exhibit any of the four characteristics
of a hazardous waste?: (cont’d)
▸Reactivity (D003)
▸ Unstable under normal conditions
▸ Reacts violently with water
▸ Gives off toxic gases
▸ Capable of detonation or explosion
▸Toxicity (D004 – D043)
▸ Solid waste likely to leach dangerous concentrations
of certain known toxic chemicals into groundwater
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a RCRA hazardous waste?
Is the solid waste specifically identified on one of four
lists?:
▸F‐list: Manufacturing and industrial waste from non‐
specific sources (includes some spent solvent waste)
▸K‐list: Manufacturing and industrial source‐specific
waste
▸U‐list: Unused commercial chemical products
▸P‐list: Acute hazardous unused commercial chemical
products
▸B‐list: PCB‐containing solid waste (≥ 50 ppm)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Program
How are Waste Generators
Regulated under RCRA?
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a hazardous waste generator?
Defined as any entity, by site:
▸Whose acts or processes generate a solid waste that is
▸ Listed in the hazardous waste regulations
▸ Determined to be characteristically hazardous, or
▸ Otherwise identified as a hazardous waste
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a hazardous waste generator?
Examples of typical hazardous waste generators include:
▸Manufacturing operations
▸Universities
▸Hospitals
▸Small businesses (such as auto repair shops and dry
cleaners)
▸Pharmacies
▸Retail stores (including food stores)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
How are hazardous waste generators
regulated under RCRA?
▸Based the amount of hazardous waste generated in a
calendar month and total quantity accumulated on‐site
▸Three categories with increasing regulatory
requirements/responsibility:
▸Conditionally exempt small quantity generators
(CESQGs)
▸Small quantity generators (SQGs)
▸Large quantity generators (LQGs)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity
Generator (CESQG)
▸Generate:
▸ ≤100 kg (220 lbs)/month of hazardous waste
▸ ≤1 kg (2.2 lbs)/month of acute hazardous waste
▸Accumulate:
▸ ≤1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste
▸ ≤1 kg (2.2 lbs) of acute hazardous waste
▸Regulatory Requirements:
▸ Hazardous waste determination
▸ Storage quantity limits
▸ Ensure delivery to a facility for proper treatment and
disposal of waste
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Small Quantity Generator (SQG)
▸Generate:
▸>100 to <1,000 kg (220 to 2,200 lbs)/month of hazardous
waste
▸< 1 kg (2.2 lbs )/month of acute hazardous waste
▸Accumulate:
▸≤ 6,000 kg (13,200 lbs) of hazardous waste
▸< 1 kg (2.2 lbs ) of acute hazardous waste
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Small Quantity Generator (SQG) (cont’d)
▸Regulatory Requirements:
▸ Hazardous waste determination
▸ Obtain EPA identification number
▸ On‐site management requirements
▸ Storage time and quantity limits
▸ Emergency preparedness and prevention
▸ Hazardous waste manifests/LDRs
▸ Recordkeeping (3 years)
▸ Personnel training
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Large Quantity Generator (LQG)
▸ Generate:
▸> 1,000 kg (2,200 lbs)/month of hazardous waste
▸> 1 kg (2.2 lbs)/month of acute hazardous waste
▸ Accumulate:
▸> 6,000 kg (13,200 lbs) of hazardous waste
▸> 1 kg (2.2 lbs) of acute hazardous waste
▸ Requirements (in addition to SQG Requirements):
▸90‐day storage requirements
▸Written contingency plan
▸Annual reports (required in NYS)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Disposal
▸The final link in RCRA's “cradle‐to‐grave” concept is a
permitted treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF)
▸Hazardous waste is transported to a TSDF by a permitted
transporter
▸Hazardous waste shipments are tracked from the
generator’s facility to the TSDF on a hazardous waste
manifest that is signed by the generator, transporter and
TSDF
▸The generator receives a copy of the signed manifest
from the TSDF to verify that the waste was delivered to
the proper destination facility
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Program
What is a Universal Waste?
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What is a Universal Waste?
▸Waste that meets the definition of hazardous waste but
is widely generated including:
▸ Spent lamps and bulbs (such as fluorescent, high
intensity discharge, neon, mercury vapor, high
pressure sodium, metal halide)
▸ Spent batteries (such as lead acid, mercuric oxide,
silver oxide, lithium, nickel‐cadmium [Ni‐Cad])
▸ Recalled pesticides and pesticides from collection
programs
▸ Mercury‐containing equipment
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Universal Waste Management
▸Place waste in closed compatible containers
▸Label the container or item with:
▸ The words “Universal Waste” and the waste
description (“lamps”, “batteries”, “mercury‐
containing equipment” or “pesticides”)
▸ The date taken out of service
▸Transport off‐site for proper disposal/recycling or to
another Universal Waste handler within one year
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Universal Waste Management
▸Recommend keeping copies of bills of lading to
document that waste is properly managed
▸Low mercury content or “green‐tipped” spent
fluorescent lamps:
▸ May not require management as universal or
hazardous waste
▸ Still contain mercury
▸ Breaking or crushing releases the mercury
▸ Must be “disposed of by separated delivery” in New
York State
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Program
Other Waste Streams that Require
Special Management
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Pharmaceutical waste
▸Nicotine, warfarin, some chemotherapy drugs and other
medications are listed hazardous waste (U‐ and P‐coded
waste)
▸Pharmaceuticals may also exhibit a characteristic of
hazardous waste:
▸ Ignitability ‐ Flash point < 140º F, oxidizer or flammable gas
▸ Corrosivity ‐ Strong acid or base
▸ Toxicity ‐ Contains arsenic, barium, mercury, selenium,
silver, lindane, or m‐cresol
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Pharmaceutical waste
▸Hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are “potentially
creditable” currently may be sent to a pharmaceutical
reverse distributor and do not need to be managed
under the ordinary RCRA hazardous waste regulations
▸Hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are not
“creditable” currently must be managed and
transported off‐site for proper disposal in accordance
with RCRA regulations
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Discarded consumer electronics
▸Most contain RCRA hazardous metals
▸Not regulated as universal waste in New York State
▸Exempted from hazardous waste regulation if:
▸ Prior notification is submitted to the NYSDEC providing
information on the generating and receiving facilities
▸ The scrap metal pieces are reclaimed
▸ Managed in accordance with Article 27, Title 26 of the
Environmental Conservation Law (contact the NYSDEC
at 518‐402‐8706 for more information)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal
Waste Education Seminar
Presentation 2
Food Stores – Steps for Compliance
November 17, 2016
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Identify activities that potentially generate solid waste (solid,
liquid or gas):
• Grocery retail operations
• Pharmacy operations
• Facility cleaning operations
• Facility maintenance
• Facility renovation/construction
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Identify solid waste streams generated by each activity:
• Out‐of‐date products
• Broken or damaged products
• Discontinued/recalled products
• Food waste
• Packaging/empty containers
• Expired/unwanted pharmaceuticals
• Spent bulbs, batteries and consumer electronics
• Spill cleanups
• Construction/renovation debris
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Determine which waste streams are regulated under RCRA:
• Identify what materials, products and chemicals comprise
each waste stream
• Obtain safety data sheets, product information sheets and
chemical analysis (if available)
• Complete a hazardous waste determination for each solid
waste stream (including universal wastes)
• Review exemptions and exclusions
• Assign appropriate hazardous waste codes
• Identify all acute hazardous “listed” waste (“P‐coded”)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Determine which waste streams are regulated under RCRA
(cont’d):
• Flammable liquids and solids (D001), such as paint thinner,
gasoline, solvents, lighter fluid, nail polish and nail polish
remover and Sterno
• Ignitable compressed gas (D001), such as propane, butane
lighters and aerosols
• Oxidizers (D001), such as pool/spa shock and some
disinfectant cleaning products
• Corrosive liquids (D002), such as rust remover, oven and
drain cleaner, and some other cleaning products
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Determine which waste streams are regulated under RCRA
(cont’d):
• Toxic materials (waste code varies based on composition),
such as some paint removers, stainless steel cleaners, spot
removers, oil‐based paint/stain, moth balls and many
pharmaceuticals
• Acute hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, such as warfarin
(P001 ) and nicotine (P075)
• Universal Waste, such as spent bulbs, batteries,
thermostats and thermometers
• Consumer Electronics, such as computers, televisions,
electronic equipment
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Calculate monthly hazardous waste generation rates:
• Hazardous waste streams routinely generated
• Routine broken, damaged or out‐of‐date products
• Non‐returnable pharmaceuticals
• Spent bulbs, batteries, mercury containing
equipment (if not managed as universal waste)
• Consumer electronics (if not managed under scrap
metal exemption)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Calculate monthly hazardous waste generation rates
(cont’d):
• Hazardous waste streams with variable generation
rates
• Seasonable damaged/unwanted products (e.g.,
charcoal lighter fluid or de‐icer)
• Expired/unwanted, non‐returnable flu vaccine
• Hazardous waste streams generated occasionally
(“episodic” waste)
• Maintenance, construction or renovation projects
• Spill cleanup debris
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Determine generator status:
• CESQG
• Generate: ≤ 100 kg (220 lbs)/month of hazardous waste
and ≤ 1 kg (2.2 lbs)/month of acute hazardous waste
• Accumulate: ≤ 1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste
and ≤1 kg (2.2 lbs) of acute hazardous waste
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Determine generator status (cont’d):
• SQG
• Generate >100 to <1,000 kg (220 to 2,200 lbs)/month
of hazardous waste and ≤ 1 kg (2.2 lbs )/month of acute
hazardous waste
• Accumulate ≤ 6,000 kg (13,200 lbs) of hazardous waste
and ≤ 1 kg (2.2 lbs ) of acute hazardous waste
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Determine generator status (cont’d):
• LQG
• Generate: >1,000 kg (2,200 lbs)/month of hazardous
waste or > 1 kg (2.2 lbs)/month of acute hazardous
waste
• Accumulate: > 6,000 kg (13,200 lbs) of hazardous waste
or > 1 kg (2.2 lbs) of acute hazardous waste
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Determine generator status (cont’d):
• Variable/episodic waste generation may cause a
temporary change in generator status
• If a facility exceeds the monthly waste generation limit,
the requirements for the next waste generator category
apply for that calendar month
• If a CESQG exceeds the monthly limit for an acute
hazardous waste, the LQG requirements apply for that
calendar month
• If an SQG or LQG fails to comply with any one of the
conditions for exemption from having a permit, then that
generator is operating without a permit
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Prepare compliance plan
• Prepare site‐specific measures to comply with applicable
facility and waste management requirements based on
generator status
• Develop site‐specific procedures, checklists and inspection
reports
• Assign roles and responsibilities
• Determine training requirements for each role
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Notify
• Obtain an EPA Identification Number, if required (SQGs
and LQGs)
• Submit notification to the NYSDEC for recycling consumer
electronics under the scrap metal exemption
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Train Employees
• CESQGs –
• Formal RCRA training not required but employees
must know how to manage hazardous waste to
maintain CESQG status
• SQGs ‐
• RCRA training required for employees on proper
waste handling and emergency procedures, relevant
to their responsibilities during normal facility
operations and emergencies
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Train Employees (cont’d)
• LQG –
• Formal RCRA training required ‐ Classroom or on‐
the‐job training required with annual updates
• All –
• Employees handling or managing universal waste
must be informed of proper handling and emergency
procedures
• Employees preparing or signing waste manifests with
DOT regulated materials must receive DOT hazmat
training with updates every three years
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Implement facility compliance plan
• Implement site‐specific compliance measures
• Develop and maintain a compliance binder
• Waste determinations
• Monthly hazardous waste generation rates
• Training records
• Hazardous waste manifests, LDRs and bills of lading
(SQGs and LQGs, recommended for CESQGs)
• Exception Reports (SQGs and LQGs)
• Annual Reports (LQGs)
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
What are the Steps to Comply with RCRA?
• Implement facility compliance plan (cont’d)
• Develop a compliance calendar
• Check compliance on a regular basis
• Revise compliance plan and/or retrain employees, as
needed
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1
DEC responsibilities:
• Directly overseeing the pilot program.
• Soliciting pharmacies to participate through an application
process.
• Reviewing and scoring applications based on specific
criteria.
• Selecting participating pharmacies.
• Selecting vendor.
• Pay for medication box and disposal costs.
9
Pharmacy responsibilities:
• Must install medication
collection box according
to DEA regulations.
Securely anchored
Located in an area that
is accessible by general
public
Can be continuously
monitored by
Pharmacist and/or staff
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Pharmacy responsibilities:
• Must also operate and
maintain medication
collection box according to
DEA regulations.
Two employees must
empty box
Arrange for drug pickup
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Vendor will:
• Need to be a DEA-reverse distributor.
• Ship medication collection box directly to participating pharmacy.
• Provide replacement inner liners, pre-labeled for shipping on a
scheduled basis.
• Either pick up, transport and destroy waste drugs directly or
provide for via common carrier.
• Provide overall technical assistance to participating pharmacy.
• Provide online tracking system and progress reports of drug
disposals.
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Additional Information
• Product Stewardship’s
“How to Guide” can be
found at www.bit.ly/drug-
take-back
15
My contact information -
Thomas R. Snow, Jr.
New York City Watershed Coordinator
625 Broadway
Albany, NY 12233-1040
thomas.snow@dec.ny.gov
(518) 402-9395
RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste
Education Seminar
Presentation 4
Management Standards for Waste
Pharmaceuticals
November 17, 2016
RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Pharmaceutical
Management
New draft federal “Subpart P” regulations propose
streamlined standards for management of hazardous
waste pharmaceuticals that apply to:
• Healthcare facilities, including:
• Pharmacies
• Retailers of over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications
• Pharmaceutical reverse distributors
• Receive, evaluate and accumulate potentially
“creditable” hazardous waste pharmaceuticals
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Pharmaceutical
Management
• The proposed rule excludes hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals managed pursuant to subpart P from
the hazardous wastes that must be counted when
determining whether a facility is a LQG, SQG or CESQG
• However, the proposed rule requires healthcare
facilities to determine their initial generator status
based on the total amount of hazardous waste
generated per month, including hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals as well as other hazardous wastes
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Pharmaceutical
Management
• Following that initial determination, the proposed rule
allows healthcare facilities managing their hazardous
waste pharmaceuticals pursuant to subpart P to exclude
those hazardous waste pharmaceuticals when re‐
determining their generator status
For example, if a healthcare facility was a LQG because it
generated over 1 kg of a P‐listed hazardous waste
pharmaceutical per calendar month as well as some
amount of other hazardous wastes and the hazardous
waste pharmaceuticals are managed under subpart P,
then the healthcare facility only needs to consider the non‐
pharmaceutical hazardous wastes to re‐determine its
generator status
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Pharmaceutical
Management
Hazardous waste pharmaceuticals include:
• Potentially “creditable” hazardous waste pharmaceuticals
• “Non‐creditable” hazardous waste pharmaceuticals
• “Evaluated” hazardous waste pharmaceuticals
Potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals:
• Have the potential to receive manufacturer’s credit
• Are unused or un‐administered
• Are unexpired or less than one year past the expiration
date
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Pharmaceutical
Management
• Non‐creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals
include:
• Residues of pharmaceuticals remaining in containers
• Contaminated PPE
• Pharmaceutical spill clean‐up debris
• Pharmaceutical samples
• Generic pharmaceuticals
• Pharmaceuticals more than one year past expiration
• Pharmaceuticals removed from original container and
repackaged for dispensing
• Pharmaceuticals partially administered/refused by a
patient
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Pharmaceutical
Management
Evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals:
• Potentially creditable hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals evaluated by a pharmaceutical
reverse distributor
• Will not be sent to another pharmaceutical reverse
distributor for further evaluation or verification
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Hazardous Waste Pharmaceutical
Management
• A healthcare facility may accept creditable and non‐
creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from
an off‐site CESQG healthcare facility provided that:
• The healthcare facility is under the control of the same
person as the CESQG healthcare facility
• The healthcare facility has a contractual relationship to
provide pharmaceuticals to the CESQG
• The healthcare facility is operating under Subpart P and
manages non‐creditable hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals in compliance with the requirements of
Subpart P
• The healthcare facility keeps records for three years of all
shipments received
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Standards for managing potentially
creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals
• Conduct a hazardous waste determination on all
potentially creditable solid waste pharmaceuticals
• All potentially creditable solid waste
pharmaceuticals can be managed under Subpart P
• Hazardous waste, other than potentially creditable
hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, cannot be sent to
a reverse distributor and must be managed in
accordance with RCRA regulations
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Standards for managing potentially
creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals
• Maintain the following records for at least three
years for each shipment of potentially creditable
hazardous waste pharmaceuticals:
• A copy of the advance notification provided to the
reverse distributor
• The confirmation of delivery
• The shipping papers or bill of lading
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Prohibition of discharging hazardous
waste pharmaceuticals to a sewer system
• All healthcare facilities and reverse distributors are
prohibited from discharging hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals to a sewer system connected to a
publicly‐owned treatment works
The exclusion from the definition of solid waste for
mixtures of domestic sewage does not apply!
10
RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Management of hazardous waste
pharmaceutical residues in containers
• Dispensing bottle, vial or ampule (≤ 1 liter or 1,000
pills) or unit‐dose container is considered empty
and not regulated as hazardous waste if:
• All pharmaceuticals have been removed using
practices commonly employed
• Original manufacturer product packaging is
destroyed to prevent further use of the container
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Management of hazardous waste
pharmaceutical residues in containers
• Residue remaining in dispensing syringes is not
regulated as a hazardous waste if:
• The syringe has been used to administer the
pharmaceutical to a patient AND
• The syringe is placed in a sharps container and
managed in accordance with applicable federal,
state and local medical waste requirements
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Shipping potentially creditable hazardous
waste pharmaceuticals
• Provide advanced notice (paper or electronic) to the
pharmaceutical reverse distributor of the intent to
ship potentially creditable hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals before each shipment
• If delivery confirmation is not received within seven
days, the healthcare facility must contact the
transporter and the reverse distributor to determine
the status
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal Waste Education Seminar
Shipping non‐creditable hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals
• If potentially creditable hazardous waste
pharmaceuticals are exported to a reverse
distributor in a foreign country, additional
requirements apply
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RCRA Hazardous and Universal
Waste Education Seminar
Presentation 5
Environmental Audit Incentive Program
November 17, 2016
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Richard M. Walka
Senior Vice President
516-364-9890 ext. 3006
rwalka@db-eng.com