Materi Kuliah

Manajemen
Proyek

INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

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PROJECT CONTROL

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PROJECT CONTROL
The process of keeping the project on target and as close
to plan as feasibly posible is the subject control :
1.Planning concentrats on setting goals and direction, control guides
the work toward those goals.
2.Planning allocate resources,control ensures effective on going
utilization of those resources,
3.Planning antisipates the problems,control corrects the problems.
4.Planning motivates participants to achieve goals,control rewards
achievement of goals.
THE CONTROL PROCESS
The process is achieved in three phases, setting performance
standards, comparing this standards with actual performance, then
taking necessary correction action.
INFORMATION MONITORING
1.Data collecting
2.Information reporting
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EVALUASI PROYEK
Dalam kegiatan proyek ,Proyek Manajer harus
melakukan :
1. Pengecekan kegiatan
2. Melakukan evaluasi
3. Melakukan koreksi
sehingga pencapaian proyek (jadwal, biaya, prestasi
fisik) dapat dijaga sesuai target.
METODA EVALUASI PROYEK
1.Formative Evaluation
Dilakukan selama perjalanan proyek
2.Summary Evaluation
Dilakukan setelah proyek selesai
INFORMASI UTAMA DALAM EVALUASI PROYEK
1.Graphics (Chart & Tabel)
2.Laporan (Lisan & Tulisan)
3.Observasi
4.Review Meeting
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Controlling Cash
1. Control during the life of projecek : plan, publish, measure,
compare, report, forecast, and correct.
2. Budget preparation : data collection, WBS, cost centre codes,
3. System budget : budget , commited cost, actual cost.

Budgeted cost – Committed cost = Variance

Negative Variance means that :

1. Poor control
2. Extra unbudgetted works was included
3. Some activity cost were underestimated

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
1. Analisis Biaya dan Jadwal menggunakan Nilai Hasil
a. Budgeted Cost of the work scheduled (BCWS) yaitu
Jumlah anggaran yang disediakan untuk menyelesaikan kegiatan
yang telah ditargetkan
b. Actual Cost of the work Performed (ACWP) yaitu
Jumlah biaya aktual dari pekerjaan yang telah dilaksanakan
c. Budgeted Cost of the work Performed (BCWP) yaitu :
Jumlah dana yang telah dikeluarkan untuk menyelesaikan
kegiatan yang telah ditargetkan
Variance Analysis
AV = BCWS – ACWP (Accounting Variance)
CV = BCWP – ACWP (Cost Variance)
SV = BCWP – BCWS (Schedule Variance)
TV = SD – BCSP (Time Variance)
SD = Status date (ex. : week 20)
BCSP = The date where BCWS = BCWP

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 Variance
Variance menunjukkan besarnya penyimpangan yang terjadi pada
suatu titik waktu/saat pelaporan.

Variansi Biaya (Cost Variance) = BCWP – ACWP

Variansi Jadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS
Varians Jadwal Varians Biaya Keterangan

Positif Positif Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya < anggaran
Nol Positif Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya < anggaran
Positif Nol Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya = anggaran
Nol Nol Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya = anggaran
Negatif Negatif Pekerjaan lebih lambat dari jadwal & biaya > anggaran
Nol Negatif Pekerjaan tepat jadwal & biaya > anggaran
Negatif Nol Pekerjaan lebih lambat dari jadwal & biaya = anggaran
Positif Negatif Pekerjaan lebih cepat dari jadwal & biaya > anggaran

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 Planned
NOW
completion

Forecast
Cost
Over run

BAC

BCWS

ACWP

Cost variance

Schedule Variance Forecast

BCWP Project
(cost)
Time slip
Schedule variance
(time)

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 Realisasi
AWAL AKHIR
100 800

Varian
75 600

50 400
Anggaran

25 200

0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Kurva ‘ S ” Varian

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 Variansi Biaya (Cost Variance) = BCWP – ACWP
Variansi Jadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS

ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed

BCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed
BCWS = Budgeted cost of Work Schedule

Uraian Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Agt

Anggaran
BCWS
60 140 280 480 660 870 1020 1080
Pengeluaran
ACWP
50 210 410 640 840 750 890 950
Nilai Hasil
BCWP
40 100 210 380 530 660 900 880
Varinsi Biaya
-10 -110 -200 -260 -310 -90 10 -70
Variansi Jadwal
-20 -40 -70 -100 -130 -210 -120 -200
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Continued)
2.Technical Analysis
Nilai aktual parameter teknis (yg didapat dari estimasi,
pengukuran analitis, dan tes empiris) harus dibandingkan dengan
parameter teknis yang diinginkan, untuk mengevaluasi dan
mengukur perbedaan antara pencapaian dan keinginan (sasaran).

3.Performance Index
Kinerja suatu proyek dapat diukur menggunakan Indeks Kinerja
(performance index) :
Indeks Kinerja Jadwal (Schedule Performance Index)
SPI = BCWP/ACWP
SPI < 1 berarti Waktu Pelaksanaan > Jadwal
Indeks Kinerja Biaya (Cost Performance Index)
CPI = BCWP/ACWP
CPI < 1 berarti Pengeluaran > Anggaran.

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Lanjutan)
Untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana pelaksanaan proyek telah
dilaksanakan,dilakukan dengan menghitung CRITICAL RATIO (CR)

Actual Progress Budgeted Cost

CR = ---------------------- x -------------------
Scheduled Progress Actual Cost

JIKA : CR = 1 → Proyek kemungkinan selesai sesuai target

CR ≠ 1 → Proyek memerlukan penanganan untuk
memonitor dan mengendalikan proyek

Forecasting “To Complete” and “At Completion”

FCTC (Forecasted Cost To Complete Project)
BCAC - BCWP
= ------------------- BCAC = budgeted cost at completion
CPI for the project

FCAC (Forecasted Cost at Completion)

= ACWP + FCTC
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 Status
Forecasted
Date
(SD) ACWP

FCAC

BCAC

FCTC
BCWS

ACWP
Forecasted
BCWP

BCWP

Revised
Initial target Completion
date date

19 20 47 50

The Project Completion = 20 + (47-19)/SPI 13

SOAL LATIHAN

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 KEGIATAN BIAYA PENYELE -
YANG DURASI LANGSUNG SAIAN BIAYA YANG TELAH
KEGIATAN
MENDA- (MINGGU) PER MINGGU KEGIATAN DIBELANJAKAN ($K)
HULUI ($K) DLM (%)
A - 10 10 100 100
B A 8 8 100 72
C A 6 18 100 96
D C 4 4 100 20
E C 2 18 100 40
F C 4 21 100 70
G B 4 20 50 50
H B 5 10 50 100
I B,C 5 12 10 12
J E 5 16 0 0
K F 4 0 0 0
L G 3 0 0 0
M J 3 0 0 0
N H,L 3 14 0 0
O D,K 3 16 50 60
P N 5 12 0 0
Q O 2 12 0 0
R I,P,Q 8 13 0 0
S M,R 6 11 0 0
620 15
Pertanyaan :

1. Buatkan rencana biaya dan jadwal proyek dengan

menggunakan gambar Network dan Bar Chartnya.

2. Setelah proyek berjalan 30 minggu, apa komentar saudara

yang meliputi (AV, SV dan CV) serta berapa FCAC
(Forecasted Cost At Completion).

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 Materi kuliah 03052010

Manajemen
Proyek

INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

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 Basic Project Control Steps

• Define the project scope

• Develop a project plan consistent with:
– project scope
– estimates (cost constraints)
– schedule (constraints
– resources available
• Report progress and compare with budget and forecast
• Control by taking corrective action

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Five Phases of Project Management

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 Risk Management:

• Risk Identification
• Risk Quantification
• Risk Response Development
• Risk Response Control

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Contingency - Plan for Change

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Project Close-out

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 Project Closeout - Major Phases

• Obtain client acceptance

• Document the project
• Conduct the post implementation audit
• Issue the final report

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Successful Project Management

Plan the Work…

Work the Plan

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Successful Project Completion

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Project Planning,
Scheduling &
Controlling

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 Materi kuliah 10052010

Manajemen
Proyek

INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

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 FOUNDATION IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
• Start the project with a strong foundation. The templates and checklist (clear
goals, effective communication, and management support)
• The project proposal ,
• Project sponsor can use the charter template to formally authorize
• the project and project manager.
• The statement of work represents the formal agreement between
• project stakeholders about the goals and constraints of the project.
• The responsibility matrix clarifies the role and authority of each
• project stakeholder.
• Effective communication ,Use the communication planning matrix to identify
who needs what information and how you’ll be sure to get it to them
• As you initiate the project, use the definition checklist to guide the team

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 Project Proposal (Project name, Sponsor, Project Manager,
Prepared by,Revision History)
• Project Goal ,Problem/Opportunity Definition ,Proposed Solution
• Project Selection and Ranking Criteria
• Project benefit category:
❑ Compliance/regulatory ❑ Efficiency/cost reduction
❑ Revenue increase
• Portfolio fit and interdependencies
• Project urgency
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Tangible Benefits (Benefit ,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value)
• Intangible Benefits (Benefit,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value)
• Cost Categories (Internal labor hours ,External costs,Equipment, hardware, or software,List
other costs such as travel and training)
• Financial Return
• Business Requirements(Scope,Major project activities,Out of scope activities that are critical
to the success of the project
• Major Obstacles ,Risks ,Schedule Overview Estimated Project Completion Date ,Major
Milestones ,External Milestones Affecting the Project,Impact of Late Delivery

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 Project Management Context:

• Project Phases and Life Cycle

• Stakeholders
• Leadership Skills
• General Management Skills
• Communications Skills

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 Project Phases and Life Cycle:

• Divide Project into Phases

• Better Management Control
• Review Deliverables and Performance
• Fast-tracking

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 Example of Project Phases:

• Conceptual Design
• Detailed Design
• Coding and Testing
• Training and Documentation
• Deployment

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 Stakeholders:

• Individuals and Organizations

• Actively Involved in Project
• Interests Affected by Project

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 Leadership Skills:
• Vision and Strategy
• Establishing Direction
• Aligning People
• Communicating
• Negotiating
• Motivating and Inspiring
• Influencing Organizations
• Overcoming Barriers to Change
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 General Management Skills:
• Planning
• Finance and Accounting
• Personnel Administration
• Technology
• Organizational Development
• Delegation
• Team Building
• Conflict Management
• Solving Problems
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 Communications Skills:

• Writing
• Listening
• Speaking
• Presenting
• Media Relations
• Meeting Management

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 Scope Management:

• Initiation
• Scope Planning
• Scope Definition
• Scope Verification
• Scope Change Control

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 Management activities
• Proposal writing
• Project planning and scheduling
• Project cost
• Project monitoring and review
• Personnel selection and evaluation
• Report writing and presentations

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 Human Resource Management

• Organizational Planning
• Staff Acquisition
• Team Development

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 Communications Management:

• Communications Planning
• Information Distribution
• Performance Reporting
• Administrative Closure

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Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and
Outputs:
• Communications Management Plan
• Project Records
• Performance Reports
• Change Requests
• Project Archives
• Formal Acceptance
• Lessons Learned
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Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and
Outputs:
• Risk Management Plan
• Checklists
• Contingency Plans
• Reserves
• Contractual Terms

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 Risk Management:

• Risk Identification
• Risk Quantification
• Risk Response Development
• Risk Response Control

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 Management Processes:

• Initiating Processes
• Planning Processes
• Executing Processes
• Controlling Processes
• Closing Processes

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