ENGLISH Charon

Inferno - ferry man who takes souls across the

river
- epic in the 1300s written by Dante
Aleghiere The Opportunist
- a form of divine comedy and is a - souls of the uncommitted
combination of mythology and religion
Linear Text
- used as a substitute in theology
- details and information are in sentence
- about how the author was going or paragraph forms
through a rough time, specifically
- e.g. narrative, story, letter, speech,
heartbreak
essay
- talks about navigating the depths of
Non-Linear Text
hell
- tests your ability to select and report
- translated by John Anthony Ciardi
the main features
- inferno ends when they reach
- e.g. pie chart, bar graph, line graph,
purgatory
table
Dante Aleghiere (Durante degli
Argumentative Essay
Aleghiere)
- convinces the reader to agree with the
- the author of Inferno
writer’s point of view
- Italian poet of the late middle ages
- attempts to be highly persuasive and
John Anthony Ciardi logical
- an American poet, translator and Characteristics of an Argumentative
etymologist Essay
Characters in Inferno - presents and explains the issue or
case
Dante
- gives reasons and supports these
- in search of his wife who died at a very
reasons to prove its point
young age
- refutes opposing arguments
- the protagonist of Inferno
Parts
Virgil
1. Introduction
- “wisdom”, an all-knowing guy
2. Body
- resides in limbo
3. Conclusion
- Dante’s guide through the depths of
hell
Intonation Fragmentation and Isolation
- sound changes produced by the rise - when a group is physically or visually
and fall of the voice isolated in the text
- use of pitch and rhythm in speech Invisibility
- three types; rising, falling and the - the most fundamental and oldest form
circumflex inflection of bias
Rising Intonation Unreality
- questions and lists - tendency to gloss over unpleasant
facts and events
- a rise in the human voice
Stereotyping
Falling Intonation
- assigns a rigid set of characteristics to
- pitch of the voice drops down
all members of a group
- neutral and conclusion
Cosmetic Bias
Circumflex Inflection
- suggests that a text is bias free
- a pitch that rises and falls
Linguistic Bias
- indicates that we haven’t finished
- can impact race, ethnicity, gender,
speaking
accents, age, disability and sexual
Juncture orientation

- the manner in which words come The Song of Roland (La Chanson de
together Roland)

Stress - an epic poem created in A.D. 450 –

- the relative prominence of a syllable or
musical note
Pitch
- the property of sound with variation in
frequency
Seven Forms of Bias
Imbalance and Selectivity
- presenting only one interpretation of an
issue, situation or group of people
1300 that deals with the heroic deeds of
great men
Characters
Charlemagne
- the King of the Franks, and a
committed, militant Christian
Roland
- Charlemagne’s nephew and favorite
- one of the twelve peers of France
Ganelon Adverb of Negation
- Roland’s stepfather - used in a sentence to deny it as true
- traitor in the Franks army of - e.g. no, never, contradictorily, almost,
Charlemagne etc.
Oliver Extemporaneous
- Roland’s best friend - applied to a speech, not memorized,
given from notes or from an outline
Turpin
- speaker uses note cards or prompts
- an archbishop who fights and dies
that guide him from point to point
alongside Roland
Impromptu
Pinabel
- a speech given without advance notice
- Ganelon’s closest companion
- derived from a Latin phrase meaning
Thierry
“in readiness”
- good friend of Roland who challenged
VOCABULARY
Pinabel to a battle
- enraged (very angry)
King Marsilion
- blood thirsty (eager to shed blood)
- ruler king of Saragossa
- envy (desire to have something
- planned the ambush at Roncesvalles
belonging to someone else)
and Roland’s death
- rear (back part of something)
Blancandrin
- oliphant (hunter’s horn)
- the person who deals with the traitor
- glorious (having fame or admiration)
Saracens
- valiant (showing courage or
- army of King Marsilion
determination)
Franks
- limb (an arm or leg)
- army of Charlemagne
- weeping (shedding tears)
Adverbs
- modifies verbs, adjectives or another
adverb
Adverb of Affirmation
- used in a sentence to affirm it as true
- e.g. absolutely, clearly, surely, etc.