Geographic dimension 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

-connection of people to environments Geographic:abundance of information

Linguistic dimension Linguistic:flowering of literature in various
-how we communicate languages
Ethnic dimension :introspection & humor
-characteristics of culture Ethnic:one shot stories
PRE-COLONIAL(_B.C-1564) :graphic novels
Geographic:housework,fishing,farming & :documentaries and blogs
hunting
Linguistic:works of mouth *Representative authors and text from
:baybayin was the form of writing luzviminda*
Ethnic:folk narratives,folk songs,folk
speeches LUZON(more on short stories)
SPANISH PERIOD(1565-1872) Merlinda Bobis(painter,writer)
Geographic:christianity spread *Banana heart summer
Linguistic:spanish & tagalog Paz Marquez Benitez
:balagtas tradition(figurative) *dead stars(1925)
Ethnic:religious literature -First Filipino Modern English Language
:Doctrina Christiana by Fr. Juan De Short Story
Plasencia(1953) John Jack Wigley
REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD(1872-1898) *home of the ashfall
Geographic:literature sought in the -impressible humor
government and in church Marcelino Agana Jr.
Linguistic:shifted from spanish to tagalog *New Yorker in tondo
Ethnic:propaganda literature -famous filipino playwright
AMERICAN PERIOD(1898-1941) Angela Manalang-Gloria
Geographic:free education *to the man i married
Linguistic:tagalog was based as national -filipina lyric poet who wrote in english
language VISAYAS(more on plays)
:english medium instruction in schools Jhon Iremil Teodoro
Ethnic:literary works were highly influenced *unang ulan ng mayo(first rain of may)
JAPANESE PERIOD(1941-1945) -most published author in kinaray-a
Geographic:flowering years of short story Estrella Alfon
:newspaper in english were stopped by *with patches of many hues
japanese -one act play
Linguistic:used in writing mostly tagalog Carlos Angeles
Ethnic:haiku(17 syllables,3lines) *a stun of jewels
:tanaga(31 syllables,5 lines) -collections of poems
:filipino drama have flourished Ricaredo Demetillo
LATE 20TH CENTURY MARTIAL LAW) *no certain weather(1956)
Geographic:publications and mass media -collections of poetry
were shut down Ramon L. Muzones
Linguistic:generally filipino and english MINDANAO(more on novels)
Ethnic:young people became activist Kerima Poloton Tuvera
*the hand of the enemy CONFLICT
-won stonehill award -problem and the heart of the story
Aida Rivera Ford INTERNAL CONFLICT
*the chieftest mourner -man vs self
Egmidio Alvarez Enriquez EXTERNAL CONFLICT
*the doll -man vs man
-influential message for the parents of the -man vs nature/society
world POINT OF VIEW
John Bengan -perspective of narrator
*armor
Jaime an Lim FIRST PERSON POV
*the axiolotl colony -narrated through the eyes of the reader
-first place for short story in 1993 SECOND PERSON POV
-talking to it readers
*Short story* THIRD PERSON POV
-usually written in prose -most commonly used
-artistic and personal expressions LIMITED
SETTING -only tells what unfolds in the story
-time and place OMNISCIENT
-includes dates,weather and historical -narrator sees all that is happening in the
period story
CHARACTER LIMITED-OMNISCIENT
-person,animal or any being -narrator can see through only one
-focuses on one central character characters mind
FLAT CHARACTER -biased
-remains the same THEME
DYNAMIC CHARACTER -the reader must conclude what the theme
-changes over time is
PLOT
-series of events POETRY
PLOT STRUCTURE: -use of sounds and rhythms
EXPOSITION -express ideas and emotions evoking a
-beginning9setting and character are deeper meaning
introduced)
RISING ACTION POEM
-conflict is introduced -written and spoken forms.
CLIMAX -unique expression of one’s ideals
-turning point
-problem is happening Speaker
FALLING ACTION -speaking persona
-problem eases down -the one being addressed by the
DENOUEMENT speaker
-french word:untie or unknot -addressee.
-final part of resolution
 THE REAL MEANING OF
Tone THE POEM.
-is the writer’s attitude on the idea
presented on the poem. Shakespearean
RHYME SCHEME-ABAB, CDCD, EFEF,
Rhyme GG
-occurrence of identical sounds
-free verse. LINES AND STANZAS-4 STANZAS
3 QUATRAINS AND 1 COUPLET
Rhythm
-poem’s beat and pace
-Meter and Enjambment. ITS IMPLICATIONS-
THE COUPLET USUALLY FORMS A
Imagery CONCLUSION ON THE IDEA
-appeals to one’s senses PRESENTED ON THE PREVIOUS
-(senses) visual STANZAS
(sight), auditory (hearing),
olfactory (smell), tactile Play
(touch), gustatory (taste).
A literary genre which enacts a story
Symbolism onstage for a live audience.
-represent a deeper significance The earliest known plays were written
around the fifth century B.C.
Figurative Language produced for festivals to honor Dionysus,
-create pictures in the mind of the reader. the god of wine and fertility.

SONNET Character
-The Classic Poetry -a person portrayed in a
-A 14-line lyric poem about drama,novel,or other artistic piece

TWO FAMOUS TYPES OF SONNET Exposition

-Petrarchan and Shakespearean -the “who,when,where,and what” part of the
play
PETRARCHAN
RHYME SCHEME-ABBA, ABBA, CDECDE SOLILOQUY
-a speech by a single actor who is alone on
LINES AND STANZAS-2 STANZAS stage
1 OCTAVE AND 1 SESTET
Language
ITS IMPLICATIONS-THE TONE AND -the particular manner of verbal
CENTRAL IDEA OF THE POEM SHIFTS Expression,or the diction or style of writing
FROM THE OCTAVE TO THE SESTET.
THIS “TURN” OF FOCUS IS CALLED
VOLTA. THIS AFFECTS

Aside
-words spoken by an actor directly to the
audience,which are not “heard” by the other
characters onstage During a play.
Suspense
-Used to build interest and excitement on
the part of the audience
Theme
-contains the message, central concerns,
controlling idea or central insight of a play
Plot
-the series of events that take place in a
play
Style
-the shaping of dramatic material,
settings,or costumes in a deliberately non
realistic manner.
Conflict
-the internal/external struggle between
opposing forces that creates dramatic
tension
Monologue
-a lengthy speech that one-character
addresses to others on stage which can be
delivered alone or in the presence of others
DIALOGUE
-the conversation of characters in a literary
work
Performance Elements
Gestures
-any movement of the actor's body parts to
convey meaning
Character Motivation
-the reason/s for characters a behavior
Character Blocking
-the path formed by the actor’s movement
on stage
ACTING
-use of face,body,and voice to portray
character
Empathy
-the capacity to relate to the feelings of
another
Body Alignment
-physiologically correct posture and use of
the body to ensure the maximum capacity
and efficiency of breathing and movement.
Facial Expression
-facia land vocal aspects used by an actor
to convey mood, feeling or personality
Speaking
-the mode of expression or delivery of lines
Technical Elements
Costumes
-clothing and accessories worn by actors to
portray character and period
Makeup
-costumes,wigs and body paint used to
transform an actor into a character
Sound
-sound effects an audience hear during
performance
Props
short for properties;any moveable object
that appears on stage during a performance

Lights
-the placement,intensity,and color of lights
to help communicate environment,mood or
feeling

Scenery
-the theatrical equipment used in
dramatic production to communicate
environment