Constructed wetlands

Constructed wetlands artificial sewer water treatment systems consisting of shallow (1m
deep) ponds or channels that are planted with aquatic plants, and that depend
on natural microorganism, biological,physical and chemical processes to treat sewer water.
It can Treat Industrial wastewater, greywater or stormwater runoff.

o By various process chemicals are removed or settled and clean water is obtained.
These chemicals include Nitrogen, Ammonia, Phosphorous and pathogens.

o Constructed wetlands are most economical as compared to conventional treatment

units which needs more energy for treating wastewater compare to C.W.

Types-

Figure 1 Process Diagram of C.W

In Out
Blackwater, Greywater, Brownwater Fertigation Water, Treated Water

Advantages Disadvantages

+ C.W have a higher treatment effect than single - Very space consuming
systems, especially for nitrogen.

+ As long as no free-surface filter is involved, they - Expert construction knowledge and experience
needed
do not lead to increased mosquito breeding.

+ Utilisation of natural processes - Requires expert design and supervision

+ Electricity generally only required for pumps - Pre-treatment is required to prevent clogging
+ Process stability.
- Not very tolerant to cold climates

Reference – Slideshare and https://sswm.info/water-nutrient-cycle/wastewater-treatment/hardwares/semi-centralised-

wastewater-treatments/hybrid-constructed-wetland