to store, infiltrate or evapotranspirate stormwater and reduce flows to sewer systems or

surface waters.”
BENEFITS
- Adaptation and Migration
- Public and Private Cost Savings
- Direct Public Investments into Neighborhoods
- Enhances Community Aesthetics
- Supports Public Health and Recreation
- Public Safety
- Green Job Opportunities
- Cultivates Public Education and Engagement Opportunities
4 WAYS
SINK IT SLOW IT REUSE IT MOVE IT

- Holds - Holds - Holds - Directs water

stormwater stormwater stormwater flows to a
and slowly flow and and uses it to downstream
infiltrates it slowly meet area of
into the releases it to non-potable storage
ground the sewer water
system demands

TYPES OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

BIORETENTION - Capture and store water
runoff & pass it through a
filter bed of engineered soil
media composed of sand,
soil, and organic matter

GREEN ROOF - Replace traditional roofing Advantages:

with a vegetated roof
system so that rain is
absorbed by the plants and
other growing media
- Composed of multiple
layers including a
waterproof membrane,
subsurface drainage pipes,
engineered planting soils
and specially selected
plants
- Can be installed on many
types of roofs:
- Extensive - a thin,
lighter-weight system
(usually less than 6 inches
- Reduces the volume and
velocity of stormwater runoff
from roofs
- Provides added insulation and
noise reduction
- Reduces urban heat island
effect
- Increases biodiversity and
habitat/provides aesthetic
amenities
Disadvantages:
- Limited to roof slopes less than
20 degrees
- Additional structural or seismic
support may be needed
- Irrigation required to establish
 deep) planted and maintain plants
predominantly with - High upfront cost
drought-tolerant succulent
plants and grasses
- Intensive - deeper, often
18 inches, and can support
plants that require great
root depth.

RAINWATER - Process of collecting

HARVESTING rainwater from impervious
SYSTEM surface for future use or for
irrigation & other
non-potable purposes.

PERMEABLE - Allows water to steep

PAVEMENT around through paved
surfaces and soak naturally
into the ground

PLANTERS - Planters do not infiltrate

runoff into the ground,
rather they rely on
evapotranspiration (water
uptake by plants) and
short-term storage to
manage stormwater.

CONSTRUCTED - Designed to reduce, detain

WETLAND and treat stormwater runoff
and beneficial for flood
control and water quality
improvement.

NATURAL WETLAND

MAN-MADE WETLAND

RAIN GARDEN - Designed to collect Advantages:

stormwater from impervious
surfaces such as roofs and
parking lots, then planted
where it may be absorbed
into the ground
- Can be connected to sewer
systems through an Disadvantages:
overflow structure and
sized to infiltrate the
collected stormwater runoff
into the ground
- Easy and inexpensive to install
- Wide range of scales and site
applicability
- Improves water and air quality
- Aesthetically pleasing; reduces
runoff volume
- Requires relatively flat site
 - Contain soils high in
organic matter and plants
that tolerate wet conditions
- Effective at removing
pollutants from stormwater,
improving stormwater
quality and reducing
stormwater runoff volume

PLANTERS - Allow stormwater to flow Advantages:

and filter through
vegetation, growing
medium and gravel
- Temporarily stormwater
runoff on top of the soil and
filter sediment and
pollutants as water
infiltrates down
- Do not infiltrate runoff into
the ground, rather they rely
on evapotranspiration
(water uptake by plants)
and short-term storage to
manage stormwater
- Helps lessen stormwater flows,
traps sediments and reduces
erosion
- Reduces stormwater volume
and removes pollutants
- Provides water detention in
significant rainfall event
Disadvantages:
- May require irrigation to maintain
plants in the dry season

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES

- NEW CLARK CITY - The Philippines’ first sustainable city to be built by 2022.
- NUVALI STA. ROSA, LAGUNA
- BONIFACIO GLOBAL CITY, HIGHSTREET

LECTURE: WATERSCAPE

History
- Contemporary water displays rely heavily on historic precedent, with elements usually
abstracted to satisfy broader design and environmental constraints. Historical models
range from ancient irrigation systems to ornate displays within fountains. Often, modern
displays are modeled after free flowing streams and falls within natural settings.

WATER DISPLAY PURPOSE

1. Aesthetic Factors A designer usually incorporates water into a
space as a visual element. The aesthetic
qualities of water, however, reach far beyond
the visual aspect due to the documented
psychological effects of water as a metaphor
and as a physical factor providing sound, and
 climatic modification. The sound of water and
the coolness associated with being near or
touching water are equally a part of our
emotional response to water in the
environment.

Aesthetic Functions ● Visual - water can function as a focal as

a focal point within a space or as a
means of creating and maintaining a
sense of continuity.
● Psychological - it is an essential aspect
of human behavior to be drawn toward a
riverbank, lake edge, or seashore.
● Auditory - the intensity and frequency of
the sound generated by a water display
can be used to convey a sense of calm
or excitement, and can also mask
unpleasant or distracting ambient noise.
● Sensory Effects - airborne spray and
evaporation from water displays cause a
cooling effect. Droplets and sprays from
active, aerated displays are particularly
effective.

2. Functional Reasons

Recreation Pools may be designed for wading,

swimming, fishing, boating, or just water play,
as with participatory water displays.

Circulation Control Pools may be used to direct or interrupt traffic

patterns for reasons of safety or security or
simply to promote an orderly progression
through a space.

Utilitarian Practical applications for water displays

include their use as a fire fighting or irrigation
reservoir, as a retention pond for site
drainage, or as a means for cooling and/or
mechanical equipment

Water Considerations
1. Quantification ● Capacity - volume of water in a system
 ● Flow rate - amount of water flowing
through or circulating within a system is
expressed as a volume per unit time,
usually cubic meters per second [a
garden hose discharges about 25 Lpm
(7gpm), a fire hose about 560 Lpm, and
as heard-off fire hydrant about 3 750
Lpm.]
● Pressure

2. Quality ● Supply - the most common source of

supply is the piped domestic water
system. Alternative sources include
wells, springs, streams, and other natural
bodies of water.
● Chemical Treatment - chlorination
levels in the range of 1 to 2 parts per
million (ppm) should be maintained as a
minimum.
● Biological Balance - static water may
be kept fresh by promoting biological
balance through the use of fish and
aquatic plants.

TYPES OF WATERSCAPES
First of all, water should be classified for the correct use of water element designs.
Classification is as follows:
Category Effect Type

Still Water - Pool

Lake
Pond

Active Water Active waters from top to Waterfall

bottom under the influence of Stream
gravity River
Cascades
Active waters from bottom to Fountain
top by applying pressure. Jets

TYPES OF POOLS
Still (Contained) Still water as a primary element may be used
in quiet, passive areas to reinforce a sense of
tranquility, or in active areas to impart a sense