02 - Waste Water Treatment - Disposal For Building Premises

Online Review Specialists – Master Plumber & Master Electrician
(Master Plumber Online Review – Sanitary, Plumbing Design & Installation)
Tributary or Contributing Sewer

Waste Water Treatment & Disposal
for Building & Premises
Public Sewers – common sewer directly controlled by public
authority.
SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE WORKS - a comprehensive term

Classification of Public Sewers: (construction, collection, transportation, pumping treatment and
a. Combination Public Sewer final disposition of sewage)
b. Separate Public Sewer
SEWAGE - the liquid wastes conducted away buildings, and with
Combination Public Sewer such ground surface, and storm water as may be present/any
wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension
and solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in
solution
SEWER - a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquids
MAIN SEWER - (Public Sewer)
PUBLIC SEWER - a common sewer controlled by public authority
DOMESTIC SEWAGE (SANITARY SEWAGE) - liquid/water-borne

wastes free from industrial wastes
SANITARY SEWAGE - human excrement/liquid household waste

Separate Public Sewer (DOMESTIC SEWAGE)
SANITARY SEWER - with or without industrial wastes/ without

and admixture of storm water or ground water
DRAIN - a sewer, pipe or conduit (conveying ground water,

surface water, storm water, wastewater or sewage
DRAINAGE SYSTEM - the drainage pipe of a plumbing system

takes the waste water from the plumbing fixtures and deliver it to
the sewer
INDUSTRIAL WASTE - free from fecal matter
LIQUID WASTE - does not receive fecal matter

Two kinds of Sanitary Sewers
a. Intercepting or Trunk – line Sewer WASTE - (LIQUID WASTE/INDUSTRIAL WASTE)
b. Tributary or Contributing Sewer
WATER TREATMENT - conditions/treats water supply to
Intercepting or Trunk – line sewer improve water quality, remove suspended solids by filtration
Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

The household drain may flow straight into a public sewer. If a

blockage occurs anywhere in this private drain, you have sole
responsibility for cleaning any blockages or carrying out any
repairs. Most properties have some length of private drain.
Manholes shall be installed at the end of each line; at all changes

in grade, size, or alignment; at all intersections; and at distances
not greater than 120 meters for sewers 380 mm in diameter or
less and 150 meters for sewers 460 to 760 mm in diameter.
Greater spacing may be permitted in larger sewers.
(e) The minimum diameter of manholes shall be 900 mm; larger
diameters are preferable for large diameter sewers. A minimum
access diameter of 560 mm shall be provided.
Drains from two properties may join together and form a private
sewer, and then run some distance before connecting with the
public sewer. If a blockage or defect occurs at point X in the private
sewer system, the owners of the two properties would be
responsible for rectifying the problem.
This shows how all the drains from a block of houses may link up Waste Water Treatment
before running into a public sewer. In some cases, the drains from Waste Water is defined as water which carries wastes from
an entire estate may join a private sewer system before linking up homes, industries, businesses or any other sources; a mixture of
with the public system, and this could be some considerable water and dissolved or suspended solids. Treatment is necessary
distance. because in the reduction of physical, physiological, radioactive,
biological and chemical pollutants.
Present legislation dictates that the owners or occupiers of homes
above the point of the blockage or defect - whichever properties
effluent flows through that point - are responsible. Therefore, a
blockage at point Y would only involve properties four, five and
six. A blockage at point Z would involve all six properties.

Types of Waste Water Treatment Plants Activated Sludge Process:

Depending on the nature of the Waste Water to be treated, Waste 1. Coarse Screen House
Water can be classified as: 2. Grit Chamber
1. Sewage Treatment Plants 3. Fine Screen House
2. Sludge Treatment Plant 4. Mixing Tank or Activated Sludge Tank
3. Industrial Waste Water Treatment 5. Aerating Tanks
4. Agricultural Waste Water Treatment Plant 6. Clarifier Tanks
5. Radioactive Waste Water Treatment Plant 7. Chemical House
6. Recycling Waste Water Treatment Plant 8. Filter House
9. Drier House
10. Warehouse
Preliminary treatment: first step in the treatment process; to

remove materials that are untreatable and separated by physical
means. Screenings and grit removal separate the sand and other
inorganic material harmful to the pumps and other equipment
Primary Treatment: simplest form of wastewater treatment;

involves filtration and settling; 45-50% of pollutants can be
removed utilizing primary techniques.
Sedimentation: process where solids and liquids are separated

by gravitational forces. The thickened solids or sludge settle to the
bottom of the clarifier
Activated Sludge Process:

Removing carbonaceous pollution arrangement
• Aeration tank: air (or oxygen) is injected in the mixed liquor

• Settling tank ("final clarifier" or "secondary settling tank"):
allow the biological flocs (the sludge blanket) to settle, thus
separating the biological sludge from the clear treated water
• Treatment of nitrogenous matter or phosphate involves
additional steps; mixed liquor is left in anoxic condition (no
residual dissolved oxygen)

Secondary Treatment mainly involves biological process Advanced or Tertiary Treatment: processes that remove any
(removes 85-90% of remaining pollutants); common types of small amounts of undesirable materials remaining in the treated
secondary treatment are Trickling Filters and Activated Sludge - water. (include filtration, distillation or flocculation to remove
create conditions favorable to the growth and reproduction of suspended particles, organic material and specific chemicals
helpful microorganisms which consume most of the waste (nitrates, phosphates, heavy metals); The level of treatment
material. The microorganisms then settle out of the treated water required prior to discharge to the receiving stream depends on
in the secondary settling tank or clarifier. the quality of the body of water and the types of reuse designated
for the treated water.
Disinfection: final process/step (discharge or release of treated

water); ensures that any disease causing, or pathogenic
microorganisms are killed and that the water released into the
waterway is safe to the environment and humans

1. Comminutor or Sewage Cutter

2. Primary Clarifier
3. Aeration Tanks
4. Secondary Clarifier
5. Digester Tank 6. Sludge Drying House and Bed
LEACHING CESSPOOL - a cesspool that is not watertight
PRIVY - outhouse or structure used for the deposition of

excrement
Types of Private Sewage Disposal PRIVY VAULT - a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects
1. Cesspool
2. Privy
3. Septic Tank
CESSPOOL - a pit for the reception or detention of sewage/non-

watertight lined excavation; permitting liquid to seep through the
bottom and sides of the cesspool

Disposal Field Trench
Sewage Treatment Plant
Septic Tank

Sump Pump
❖ Wastewater from the building enters the Screen box (1). Here
coarse air bubbles are used to physically break down solid
matter in the sewage and form a mixed liquor with the water
prior to treatment.
❖ The mixed sewage liquor flows into the Aeration Chamber for
treatment (2). A bacterial culture is present in the Aeration
Chamber which digests the pollutants in the wastewater. The
bacterial culture must have a constant oxygen supply, and this
is provided by a fine bubble diffuser at the base of the tank.
❖ The mixed sewage liquor then flows into the Clarification

Chamber (3) where it can separate into clear, treated effluent
and sludge. The clear effluent can flow past the scum baffle and
out of the tank.
❖ The blower is on a plug-in timer and runs 30 minutes on and

15 minutes off, saving a lot of electricity for the treatment
process. It also allows the blower to cool down.
Sewage Treatment Plant

➢ now being used for large developments in lieu of septic tanks
or municipal sewages
➢ perform the same general function of septic tanks in
decomposing sewage
➢ However, STPs make use of mechanical equipment and usually
consist of 1 large basin
Some Typical features of an STP:

❖ An aeration system within the tank;
❖ A submersible mixer to mix the waste;
❖ A sludge waste pump that aids in clarifying;
❖ A decanter;
❖ Blowers;
❖ A fully electronic control system, etc.

The Sludge Management System (SMS) 1. Grit Chamber 2. Coarse screen house
❖ In the Clarification Chamber sewage sludge accumulates at the
bottom (settled sludge) and top (floating sludge) of the 4. Incinerator
tank (1). 3. Fine screen house
❖ Air from the blower is spurred from the air regulator
valves (2) to two sludge return pipes. 5. Activated sludge tank
❖ This creates a vacuüm that sucks the sewage sludge from the
6. Aerating
bottom of the Clarification Chamber back to the Aeration 8. Power House 7. Clarifier outlet
Chamber constantly (3). basin
❖ The valve that removes the floating sludge must be opened 10. Liquid
11. Chemical
9. Drier house
once a month for this sludge to be returned. With all other ASP extractor
house
sewage treatment plants, this sludge has to be removed
manually. 12.Warehouse 13. Vacuum
power
The Trickling Filter Process

o a.k.a ‘Percolating or Sprinkling Filter System’
o Requires fewer mechanical elements and less stages
o Produces water with 95% purity
o Requires a large ground area for its building
Combination Activated Sludge and Trickling Filter System -

makes use of several chambers plus a trickling filter tank
Some STPs consist of several chambers:

➢ Primary
➢ Aeration
➢ Settling
➢ Disinfection
The Activated Sludge Process

o Involves a series of stations where the raw sewage must pass
through
o First Phase- gets rid of heavy materials with the use of three
different filter houses
o Second Phase- clarifies the effluent
o Third Phase- hardens the sludge and converts it to fertilizers
o Produces water with 99-99.5% purity

Classes of Sewage Systems – Definition

Class 1- a chemical toilet, an incinerating toilet, a recirculating
toilet, a self-contained portable toilet and all forms of privy
Class 2- grey water system

Class 5- a system which requires or uses a holding tank for the
retention hauled sewage at the site where it is produced prior to
its collection by hauled sewage system
Class 3- a cesspool
Class 4- a leaching bed system including sewage systems utilizing

treatment units

Clear Distances
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Lake, river,
Well with a pond, stream,
Other well, or
water-tight reservoir, or a
Type of a spring used
casing to a spring not
System as a potable
depth of at used as a
water supply
least 6 metres potable water
supply
Class 1
Pit Privy 30 metres 15 metres
15 metres
Privy Vault) 15 metres 10 metres
10 metres
Pail Privy )
Class 2
10 metres 15 metres 15 metres
Leaching Pit

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Online Review Specialists – Master Plumber & Master Electrician

(Master Plumber Online Review – Sanitary, Plumbing Design & Installation)

Tributary or Contributing Sewer

SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE WORKS - a comprehensive term

SEWER - a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquids

MAIN SEWER - (Public Sewer)

PUBLIC SEWER - a common sewer controlled by public authority

DOMESTIC SEWAGE (SANITARY SEWAGE) - liquid/water-borne

SANITARY SEWAGE - human excrement/liquid household waste

SANITARY SEWER - with or without industrial wastes/ without

DRAIN - a sewer, pipe or conduit (conveying ground water,

DRAINAGE SYSTEM - the drainage pipe of a plumbing system

INDUSTRIAL WASTE - free from fecal matter

LIQUID WASTE - does not receive fecal matter

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

The household drain may flow straight into a public sewer. If a

Manholes shall be installed at the end of each line; at all changes

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

Types of Waste Water Treatment Plants Activated Sludge Process:

Preliminary treatment: first step in the treatment process; to

Primary Treatment: simplest form of wastewater treatment;

Sedimentation: process where solids and liquids are separated

Activated Sludge Process:

• Aeration tank: air (or oxygen) is injected in the mixed liquor

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

Disinfection: final process/step (discharge or release of treated

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

1. Comminutor or Sewage Cutter

LEACHING CESSPOOL - a cesspool that is not watertight

PRIVY - outhouse or structure used for the deposition of

CESSPOOL - a pit for the reception or detention of sewage/non-

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

Disposal Field Trench

Sewage Treatment Plant

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

❖ The mixed sewage liquor then flows into the Clarification

❖ The blower is on a plug-in timer and runs 30 minutes on and

Sewage Treatment Plant

Some Typical features of an STP:

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

The Trickling Filter Process

Combination Activated Sludge and Trickling Filter System -

Some STPs consist of several chambers:

The Activated Sludge Process

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

Classes of Sewage Systems – Definition

Class 2- grey water system

Class 4- a leaching bed system including sewage systems utilizing

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso, CE, RMP

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