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CALIBRATION OF SINGLE –PHASE ENERGY METER

1. AIM:

To calibrate the given single-phase energy meter.

2. NAME PLATE DETAILS:

Energy Meter

1. Revolutions : 750 Rev/KWh

2. Voltage : 240 V

3. Current : 5-20 A

4. Phase : Single Phase

3. APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. Name Range Type Quantity

750 Rev/KWh Electromechanical

1. Energy Meter 1
240V,(5-20) A,50Hz Induction type
2. Voltmeter 0-300 V MI 1

3. Ammeter 0-20A MI 1

4. Auto Transformer 0-260 V 1-Phase 1

1-Phase,
5. Loading Rheostat Resistive 1
3KW,230V
6. Stop Watch Digital 1

4. THEORY:

Energy meters are integrating instruments that are used for measurement energy in a
circuit over a given time. Since the unit of the electrical energy is KWh, these instruments are
also called watt-hour meter or KWh meter.

The basic principle of energy meter is electro-magnetic induction. There are two coils
viz., current coil and pressure (voltage) coil. The current coil is connected in series with the
load where as the pressure coil is connected across the load. The aluminium disc experiences
the deflecting torque due to eddy current induced in it and its rotations are counted by a gear
train mechanism (not shown in the figure).

Calibration means determining the value of the scale readings of a measuring

instruments by comparing it with a standard instrument or otherwise.

The manufacturer generally prints the meter constant on each energy meter. Here the
meter constant is 750 rev/ KWh which means the disc makes 750 revolution to record 1 KWh
of electrical energy. To check correctness of this, the meter is connected with a load. The true
value of energy consumed for a fixed period of time is recorded separately by using
voltmeter, ammeter and stopwatch readings. The true energy consumption is thus calculated.
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The revolutions of the disc during this period is counted. The energy recorded by energy
meter is calculated from its meter constant as follows:

Therefore energy meter reading = 1 X n / 750 KWh

For ‘n’ revolutions.
This measured value is compared with the true energy consumption and error is
calculated.

5. PRECAUTIONS:

1. Energy meter should not be overloaded.

2. Avoid loose connections to prevent shocks and damage to meters.

3. Take readings without error

6. PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. By gradually applying load for a certain period, ammeter, voltmeter and number of
revolutions (n) are noted and tabulated.
3. Take at least ten readings up to full load rating of the energy meter.
4. Calculate the percentage error and draw a graph between percentage error and energy
meter reading.
5. Calculate the average percentage error from the graph drawn.

6. OBSERVATIONS:

Calculated Energy or Recorded % error=

No.of
Voltage Load Time revolutions True Energy (T) = Energy (R) =
S.No (V) current VIt n (T − R)
(t) of the × 100
(I) 3600 × 1000 R
in sec disc(n) 750
(KWh) ( KWh )
1.

2.

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6. FORMULA USED
VIt
True Energy (T) = KWh
3600 × 1000
n
Recorded Energy (R) = KWh
750

(T − R)
% error = ×100
R

7. MODEL GRAPHS:

9. RESULTS

The given single phase energy meter is calibrated for different loads and the graph is plotted
for % Error Vs Line current (IL) and % error Vs R

10. CONCLUSIONS

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SINGLE PHASE
230 VOLTS
ENERGY METER

C.C.

DISC

P.R.C.

M2 L1
A 0-20 A M1 L2
(M.I)
B A RESISTIVE
D.P.S.T LOAD
Ph SWITCH
FUSE
230 VOLTS
50 HZ 0-300 V 230 V
E V (M.I)
AC SUPPLY 3 KW

N FUSE

230 V / (0-270 V ), 20 A
1-φ AUTO TRANSFORMER

FIG: CALIBRATION OF SINGLE-PHASE ENERGY METER

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