Chapter No.

Introduction
This chapter include the energy sources availability, the Geomagnetic
Power Plant which is new renewable energy source and their
Consumption.

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 1. Introduction
As there is a shortage of liquid and gaseous fuels in the world especially in Pakistan so the
trend is shifting towards renewable energy sources. We know that the Pakistan is still not able
to meet their electricity need due to energy crises. Pakistan electricity generation consist of
thermal, hydel and nuclear generation. Power generated from thermal is 65%, hydel is 33%
and nuclear is 2%. From our designed system it will help to reduce the shortfall of electricity
in Pakistan which is equal to 6000 Mw. The geomagnetic power plant has low capital cost as
well as operational cost. It is also a renewable energy source available all the time of the day.

Figure 1.1 Energy generation source wise in Pakistan

The main goal of our research is to design the Geomagnetic Power Plant using earth magnetic
field. For this purpose two changes were investigated in the previous designed models.
1. Designing inducing coils with very low material resistance so that maximum flux can
induce.
2. Designing the switching circuit for exciting the coils so they can be attracted toward
earth poles.
Minimize the energy cost by scheduling the different farming appliances
• According to electricity price
• Available energy resources

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Maximize utilization of renewable resources

1.1 Geomagnetic Energy Source

Earth magnetic field is known as geomagnetic field. Magnetic field originates from inside the
center of earth. It combines with the solar wind and charge particles originate from son.
Geomagnetic field is natural sources which cannot minimize originate from Magnetic flux.
This source is not explored at all. So new innovation is required in the earth magnetic field.
Motion of electric charges results in magnetic field. Motion of negative charge produces
magnetic field of a bar magnet. In this research the geomagnetic generator will design to
produce the electricity. The bar magnet gives the half deflection, if we make its half rotation
as a complete rotation then it will help to rotate the generator to produce the electricity. This
source of electricity is low cost. Geomagnetic flux concentrator is designed to collect the earth
magnetic field and direct those to right area refer as catchment area. After designing the
geomagnetic alternator some test will be performed like Shielding effectiveness test, frequency
response test and background frequency test.

The Generator model for the geomagnetic power plant is proposed in which we will take many
coils and then give them excitation voltage so that the magnetic field is produced in the coils.
The induced magnetic field make them the polar. The north pole of the coils will be attracted
toward South Pole of the earth and vice versa. The second addition is to use coils of very low
resistance material so that maximum magnetic field will be induced. This will make the poles
of coils stronger and the poles of coils will be attracted by earth poles.

1.2 Energy Consumption in Pakistan

The power production of Pakistan is 19,500 MW. The short fall of electricity id about 45,00
MW. The electricity demand is increasing day by day which is equal to 9% while supply rate
is increasing slowly which is 7%. According to survey the consumption of electricity is given
as household consumption is 44.2%, industrial consumer has 31.1%, agriculture consumer 14.3
%, government consumer 7.4% and commercial consumer has 5.5% consumption of electricity.

An energy management system (EMS) is a system of computer-aided tools used by operators

of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the generation
and/or transmission system. The intelligent control system is designed on MATLAB for the
management of low cost energy source to be used mostly. The basic objective of demand side

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management is to minimize are cost, emission, energy losses, power, peak load demand,
power generation, energy loss and load, distributed generation cost, network loss, phase
measurement unit, installed capacity, and fuel cost. There are some objective function are
calculated like multi objective hydrothermal scheduling, and to determine the suitable PID
controller. The literature review consist of objective functions, optimization types, solution
types and tools like MATLAB, JAVA, SIMULINK, VISUAL C++, CPLEX and Monte
Carlos Simulation (MCS).

Figure 1.2 Energy consumption in Pakistan

1.3 Different Type of Load in BZU

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan is one of leading institut. It has different energy
resources which are utility from WAPDA, Diesel generator for electricity source and third is
geomagnetic power plant source, which is at primary stage. In this we will schedule the
different load of BZU like Lab load, class room load, faculty offices load, canteen load, air
conditioner loads, and hostel load. We will schedule the loads on that time slot where energy
price is low.

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 1.4 Organization of Thesis
This thesis is consisting of five chapters. Chapter 1 consist of introduction, chapter 2 consist of
literature review, chapter 3 consist of system model, and chapter 4 consist of simulation and
results of model. Chapter 5 contain conclusion and future work.