Rec1978 003

'8
L::....MR PUBLICA nONS COLIPACTUS

(LENDING SECI'lON)
DEPARTMENT OF
NATIONAL RESOURCES
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES,

GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
RECORD 1978/3
A REVIEW OF THE CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE OF

WIRE-LINE LOG INTERPRETATION: AND THE APPLICATION OF
COMPUTER PROGRAM 'LOG 4'
by-
The information contained in this report has been obtained by the Department of National Resources
as part of the policy of the Australian Government to assist in the exploration and development of
mineral resources . It may not be published in any form or used in a company prospectus or statement
''':'''out the permission in writing of the Director. Bureau of Mineral Resources. Geology and Geophysics .
SMR
Record
1978/3
c.3
•
• RECORD 1978/3
• A REVIEW OF THE CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE OF

WIRE-LINE LOG INTERPRETATION: AND THE APPLICATION OF
COMPUTER PROGRAM 'LOG 4'
•
• by
• L~E.. KlJRYLOWICZ
•
I
• _ _ _ _ _ _ _J
-
- CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT
• INrRODUCT ION 1
F:U~PAM~NTALCONCEPTS 1
Porosity 1
True form~tion resistivity 2
Shaliness 3
C~assical relationships 5
POROSITY DET~RMINING TOOLS 6
Density d~termination
• Neutron logging devices
6
7
Son~c ,t~avel time determ~na~ion 7
WATER SATVRATION DETE~INING TOOLS 7
• Conventional electric ~urvey

Lnduction log
7
8
Focusing-electrode logs 8
Microresi~tivity logs 8
- Thermal decay time logs

SHALINpSS INDICATOR LOGS
Gamma ray log
J
Spontaoeo~s potential log

8
9
9
9
• LOG RESPONSE EQUATIONS, AND EFFECT OF S~~~

AND HXDROCARBONS ON !HP LOGS 9
Effect on density 9
Effect on apparent neutr~n read~gs 10
• E,ffect on sonic readings

Effect on resistivity readings
12
12
FORMATION EVALUATION PROCEDURE 14
Cross-plotting for porosity and lit~ology 14
- Formation temperature determina~ion

Mud filtrate resistivity (Rmf) determination
Formation water resistivity (Rw) dete~ination
16
16
17
Water saturation determination CSimandoux Eqp.) 19
•
I
I
I-
I
L- _
•
(ii)
CONTENTS (continued)
•
Page
LOG 4 COMPUTER PROGRAM

Introduction
20
20
•
Input 21
Calculations performed 23
CONCLUSIONS
O~p~ 25
25
•
REFERENCES 26
FIGURES
•
1. Radial distribution of fluids and resistivities near a borehole.
2. Simplified sand-shale model.
3.
4.
Choice of tool for better Rt determination based on Rmf/Rw and Sw.
Preferred ranges of application of Induction and Laterologs.
•
5. Density-neutron cross-plot terminology.
6. Determination of matrix density from FDC &SNP logs.
7.
8.
Determination of matrix density from FDC
Example of a neutron density cross-plot.
&CNL logs.
•
9. Calculation of formation temperature from log Jata.
10. Humble plot (resistivity against porosity).
11.
12.
Husten plot (resistivity against porosity).
Rrnf determination using Humble plot.
•
13. Rrnf determination using Husten plot.
14. Resistivity and NaCl concentration against temperature.
15. Rw determination by ratio method (proximity against
1aterolog deep).
•
16. Rw determination by ratio method (micro-spherically focused
against laterolog deep).
17.
18.
Rw determination by the Pickett method.
SP characteristics and terminology.
•
19. Gas well plot output.
20. Oil well plot output.
•
•
(Hi)
• TABLES
1. Cation exchange capacities of clays

2. Format of data input for LOG 4
• 3.
4.
Data input example - gas well with SNP porosity
Data input example - oil well with Neutron porosity
s. Example gas well output
6. Example oil well output
• APPENDIXES
1. Computer program RWSP for determination of Rw from SP

• 2.
3.
LOG4 computer program listings (segments LOG4 to LOG9 inclusive)
Levels of flow charts of program LOG4
All Tables and Appendixes I and 2 are on microfiche inside back cover.
•
•
•
•
The assessment of hydrocarbon reserves requires the routine
quantitative interpretation of the physical measurements recorded on wire-
• lin. lo,s.
The assessors of reserves (petrophysicists, geolo&ists, reservoir
eftlineers) .ust resort to the use of empirical equations to solve for the
required par...ters of porosity and water saturation.
The present approach to 101 interpretation requires the manipula-
tion of laree aaounts of data in order to correct the recorded logs for the
eff.cts of litholo&y and gas. Preferably the assessors should be well versed
in the considerations on which the equations are based.
• The c••puter is best suited to carry out such manipulations and
calculations because of its speed, accuracy, and the relief which it brings
fro. ~ndane repetitive manual calculatin&. A computer analysis allows the
user ~re tiae t. test the sensitivity of choice of input parameters. Also
• it produces tables and graphs of the results suitable for direct enclosure
in Records.
The enclosed LOG4 computer prolram is an improvement on the pre-
vious LOG! pr.cram in that it handles more data points (up to 100), includes
• • new subroutine which independently calculates porosity and the volume of
shale in water and oil zones (but not in &as zones), and ~ses the Simandoux
water saturation equation exclusively.
This new proeram (LOG4) is also suitable for use with the digitally
• recorded aaanetic tapes recorded for the oil companies by Schlumberger, the
world's larlest 101&ing company.
•
•
• INTRODUCTION
The ability to interpret wire-line logs correctly is of great

importance in hydrocarbon reserve evaluation. The interpretative procedures
• are based on published and time proven empirical observations.

Wire-line logs are readily available, continuous records of the
physical characteristics of all the formations intercepted by each well in a
field. Log responses are functions of lithology, porosity, fluid content
• (saturation), and textural variations of formations. It is convenient to

look at each well log as being an equation for a given reservoir rock pro-
perty at each level (Pirson, 1963). The well log interpretation problem is
then one of providing enough equations (curves) for the unambiguous solution
• of a system of algebraic equations at a particular level of interest.

logs can also be used for the estimation of the size, shape, and orientation
The
of reservoirs (Goetz and others, 1977; Selley, 1976). Kurylowicz (1978)

describes the possibility of using logs in non-reservoir sections in screening
• for possible petroleum source rocks.

A large number of published works (in the Log Analyst) have dealt
with improving the accuracy and detail with which porosity and water satura-
tion may be obtained. This has included both improvements to the logging
• tools, and improvements in analytical techniques. The latter have resulted

largely from using computers to store and manipulate a much larger volume
of data than is practical with manual methods.
The ultimate aim of a log analyst is to produce as detailed and as
• accurate a description of the reservoir surrounding a well bore as is possible

from the logs and other relevant data (e.g. formation tests).
This Record summarizes the types of logs in general use in the
oil industry, the interpretative procedures for estimating porosity, water
• saturation, and net hydrocarbon pay. It also describes the computer program
LOG4 which puts into practice the methodology described.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
• Porosity
The porosity, ~, of a formation is the fraction of the total
• volume occupied by pores or voids.
•
•
-2-
Effective porosity as used here, is the log derived porosity which

has been corrected for shaliness and/or hydrocarbons. •
No logging tool measures porosity directly. The 'porosity' tool
responses can all be defined by equations in which porosity is a factor,
and which can therefore be solved for porosity, if values for the various
other factors can be determined. •
The basic porosity tools are the density, the neutron, and the
acoustic (sonic) logs. The logging tool (Sonde) body, the borehole (inclu-
ding mud cake) and the rock and associated fluids surrounding the borehole,
all affect the log readings. Experience with modern porosity logging tools •
(Threadgold, 1971) indicates that the designers have succeeded in considerably
reducing the distortion caused by the logging tool and the borehole.
The term matrix when used in the logging sense refers to all the
granular material which constitutes an arenitic rock (SPWLA, 1975). The •
term 'matrix' in the geological or petrographic sense implies a background
material distinct from the granular material.
True formation resistivity •

Resistivity, measured in ohm metre 2 per metre, is the electrical
resistance of a one metre cubed, and is the basic measurement that indicates
fluid saturations in the formation. •
True formation resistivity is obtained from apparent resistivities
or conductivities (reciprocal or resistivity) indicated by the relevant
logging tools. The tool response is calibrated with reference to a homogene-
ous resistivity medium. An apparent resistivity value (Ra) given by a logging •
tool means that the tool has the same response that it would have in a homo-
geneous medium of resistivity Ra. In practice the medium concerned is far
from homogeneous (Threadgold, 1971). It comprises a borehole (diameter
measured in inches) full of mud, a mud cake caused by filtrate invasion of •
resistivity Rmc, a filtrate invaded zone (Ri), and the virgin uninvaded zone
of resistivity Rt (Fig. 1). The first few inches of the formation are nor-
mally considered to be fully flushed by the filtrate, i.e. all moveable
reservoir fluids have been removed, and to have a resistivity Rxo. The in- •
vaded zone resistivity Ri will vary from Rxo at the well wall to Rt at the
remote boundary of the invaded zone.
•
•
c:
AXIS OF
HOLE-
I o
+:
~
• I,
:>
+-
o
'"
FILTRATE
(Rmt)
I, FORMATION WATER (Rw)
+ 01----...=.::'-------------------
• WALL OF
HOLE-
Distance -
Radial distribution of fluids in the vicinity of the borehole,oil-bearino bed (Qualitative)
•
WALL OF
HOLE -
• Rxo
Rt
t +-.>......L-+ Ran
• Rm '---~
Distance -T-----i-.-
I
I '-----~·~I ~UNINVADED
I MUD I TRANSITION I I ZONE
• AXIS OF
HOLE -
I
I
I
I ....~~
FLUSHED
I
ZONE
ttl
ANNULUS
MUD ZONE
CAKE
• Radial distribution of resistivities (Rmf

<Cl Schlumberoer
Record 1978/3
> Rw, oil-bearing bed, Sw< 50%)
X AUS-~- ~3Z
Fig I Invasion and resistivity profile in an oil-bearing zone showing resistivity annulus
•
•
•
QUARTZ SIMPLIFIED SAND - SHALE MODEL CLAY MINERALS
SAND SIZE CLAY SIZE
•
1 ' + - - - - - SAND ------+1'------ SHALE -----~
FLUID FLOW NO FLUID FLOW
GRAIN SUPPORTED MUD SUPPORTED •

IHeslop,1975)
L ITHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION
OF
•
SHALY SAN D MODEL
CEMENT: e9 Cclcite
•
GRAINS:
"Si02'9rains
(Quartz, chert, etc,
MATRIX:
•
Mud ("Dispersed shale".)
Incl.auth. clay min.
•
SHALE LAMINATION
(He.lop, 1975)
(" Laminar shale")
•
Record 1978/3 XAUS-5-533
Fig.2
•
• -3-
Combinations of measurements made with three different resistivity
• devices are normally used to solve for Rxo, Rt, and Di (the diameter of fil-
trate invasion measured in inches).
Shaliness
• The presence of shale in a sandstone can affect the readings of

some logs, and cause departure from classical resistivity relationships,
making interpretation more involved. Shale is composed of clay and a silt
• component. Shaly sands contain, in various proportions, the clay minerals

(illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite) as well as silt, and possibly
carbonate, and other non clay materials. Silt is a very fine-grained
material which is predominantly quartz, but which may include feldspar,
• calcite, and other minerals.

The way shaliness affects a log reading depends on its quantity,
composition, and its distribution.
Heslop (1975) describes a sandy-shale model (Figure 2) in which he
• distinguishes three types of shale:
1. Structural shale (or shale clasts) which supports part of the

overburden pressure. It forms part of the rock framework by re-
• placing quartz grains. Structural shales have no effect on the

effective porosity (interconnected pore volume occupied by free
fluids i.e. hydrodynamically effective pore volume, ~ ).
e
• 2. Laminar shales, which replace both quartz and pore space.

also form a barrier to fluid flow.
They
3. Dispersed shales, which fill the pore space, reducing both porosity
• and permeability. Whereas structural and laminar shales support

overburden pressure, dispersed shales do not .
In log evaluation, dispersed shale has to be considered because i t
• contains relatively large amounts of bound water. Therefore for the same
amount of dry material, the shale tends to occupy more volume and thus
decrease the effective porosity. In many core analyses determinations of
porosity, much of this loosely bound water is removed during the drying
• process (Porter, 1975, p. 111), and its volume is included in the poros ity
indicated by the core measurement.
•
-4-
•
Also when the apparent porosity of a reservoir has been corrected
for shaliness by some method, some attempt must be made to remove the resis-
tivity - reducing effect of the clay, so that only a 'shale free' resistivity
•
is used in computing hydrocarbon saturations. Failure to correct sands for
shaliness will result in the derivation of erroneously low hydrocarbon
saturations and may cause pay zones to be overlooked.
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is defined (Johnson &Linke, 1978)
•
as the amount of positive ion substitution that takes place within an assembly
of clay platelets, or between two assemblages of clay platelets separated by
pore water.
tivity-reducing
Thus estimates of dispersed clay (pore filler) and of a resis-
by hig~ CEC are necessary to obtain accurate values of
•
water saturation. Principally montmorillonite and illite are pore fillers
with a high CEC, whereas kaolinite is a pore filler with low CEC. Cation
exchange capacity measurements may become a routine requirement for satura-
tion determinations in the future.
•
The responses of the radioactivity tools (Gamma Ray, Neutron
Density, Thermal Neutron Decay Time) are not affected by the way the shale
is distributed in the formation but are affected by the type of clay present.
The Gamma Ray, SP, and Resistivity logs are all used in estimating
•
the volume of shale in a sand.
The Gamma Ray Log is useful in estimating an upper limit for
shaliness in formations which contain no radioactive minerals other than in •
the shales. Principally the potassium clays such as illite are the most
radioactive. It is also assumed that clay 'type' remains fairly constant
over the interval being studied. Volume of shale from Gamma Ray is given
by: •
Vsh = GR - GR min
GRmax - GR min
where GR is the value on the gamma ray log at the point of interest
GR min is value for a clean sandstone (from the log) in adjacent
or nearby zones
•
GRmax is value for 100% shale ~ (from the log) in or near the section
being studied).
The shaliness as estimated from the SP log is given by: •
Vsh = 1 _ PSP - SPMIN
SSP - SPMIN
•
\ ,
•
•
-5-
• where: PSP is the pseudo-static potential (SP deflection) of the bed in

question.
SSP - static spontaneous potent~al (SP deflection) of a clean sand-

,
stone.
• SPMIN - minimum SP deflection of a nearby shale.
Schlumberger (1972c, p. 34) describes the use of resistivity as a

shale indicator:
• Vsh = (Rsh
(Rt
x R lim - Rt )b
)( R lim - Rsh )
where Rsh is the resistivity of a nearby shale bed
• Rlim is the maximum resistivity recorded in the hydrocarbon zone

Rt is the true formation resistivity.
b, the exponent ranges from 0.5 to 1 as ratio Rsh/Rt increases.
• There is often considerable variation in calculated shaliness

derived from the three techniques. However, it is generally accepted that
the lowest value found is probably indicative of the amount of shale present
(Poupon &Gaymard, 1970).
Classical relationships
Archie (1941) established experimentally that the resistivity of
• a clean formation is proportional to the resistivity of the formation water

with which it is fully saturated. The constant of proportionality is called
the formation factor, F.
• F = Ro
Rw
where Ro - resistivity of the non-shaly formation when 100% saturated with
formation water.
• Rw - the formation water resistivity.

Formation factor (F) is a function of porosity, and also of pore
structure and pore-size distribution. Archie proposed the formula
a
F =
• rl
-6-
•
where a - is a constant determined empirically
m - is the cementation factor
•
Gomez-Rivero (1976) concludes that a defined relationship
exists between the parameters a and M and that the value of one of them
must not be changed independently of its concomitant variable.
Sch1umberger (1972a) maintains that satisfactory results may be •

obtained in granular formations by using the Humble formula:
0.62
F =
~15 •
The fraction of the pore volume occupied by a specific fluid
(e.g. oil, gas, water, etc.) is the degree of saturation. Archie (1941)
determined experimentally that the water saturation of a clean formation •
can be expressed in terms of its true resistivity, Rt, as:
F Rw
=
Rt
where n - the saturation exponent, generally taken to be equal to 2.
•
Gomez-Rivero (1976) concludes that n is mainly a function of
water resistivity and rock texture.
In any accurate detailed reservoir evaluation the values to use
for m, a, and n are always problematical. Even when core analysis is carried
•
out to define these values, there is always some doubt concerning the possi-
bility of non-reversible effects on the core samples caused by changes in
pressure and temperature (Fatt, 1957; and He1ander &Campbe11, 1966). •
POROSITY DETERMINING TOOLS
Density determination
•
The Compensated Formation Density Log (FDC) measures the change of
gamma photons which affect a detector at a fixed distance from a gamma ray
source (i.e. the electron density of the formation). The term tbu1k density'
3
is applied to the overall or gross density of a unit volume of rock (gm/cm ).
•
In the case of porous rocks, it includes the density of the fluid in the
pore spaces as well as the grain density of the rock. The electron density
measured by the tool can be calibrated automatically to read bulk density.
•
•
• -7-
The calibration is valid only for oil or water bearing sandstones and car-
• bonates.
The FDC is a sidewall tool eccentralized by a caliper arm. This
eliminates the effect of the mud, and a compensating system has been devised
to eliminate the effect of the mud cake.
• Neutron logging devices
Neutron Logs respond primarily to the amount of hydrogen present

in the formation. The older Gamma Neutron Thermal Log (GNT) recorded the
gamma rays emitted on absorption of the neutrons. The newer Sidewall Neutron
Porosity Log (SNP) and Compensated Neutron Log (CNL) records the rebounded
low energy neutrons over a limited energy spectrum.
• The tools are calibrated in accurately known limestone - fresh
water environments and corrections need to be applied for other matrix and
fluid combinations.
• Sonic travel time determination
The Sonic or Acoustic Log measures the travel time of sound through
formations. The borehole compensated sonic log (BHCS) has a built in auto-
• matic correction for mud, mud cake, and irregular borehole wall so
that only the signal through the formation is finally recorded. The time
average equation, which relates sonic travel time to the matrix and fluid
travel times, is almost universally used lSchlumberger, 1972a). This is an
• empirical equation, based on statistical analyses of large quantities of
data.
WATER SATURATION DETERMINING TOOLS

•
Conventional Electric Survey
The first electrical logs lES) that were developed and used for
• the last 25 years consisted of the short 16-inch Normal, long 64-inch Normal,
and l8 t 8" Lateral. In conventional resistivity logs, currents are passed
through the formation between electrodes (Sch1umberger, 1972a) and vo1tages
are measured between others. The short Normal log measured, approximately,
the resistivity of the invaded zone.
•
-8-
•
Induction log
A more recent development, the induction log (I) measures electri- •

cal conductivity by the use of coils. A major transmitter coil gives off
an electromagnetic signal which induces currents in the formation. These
in turn induce current in the receiver coil. Thus an approach to true
formation conductivity (resistivity) is obtained with this log. This is
•
usually run with the electric log and, referred to as IES combination.
A typical commercial induction log is the Schlumberger 6FF40
which has a relatively large depth of investigation. Vertical focusing
allows for reliable evaluation of beds greater than about 5 feet in thickness.
•
Focusing-Electrode logs
The focusing-electrode tools include the Laterologs and Spherically

•
Focused Logs. These tools are much superior to the ES devices for large
values of Rt/Rm (salt muds and/or highly resistive formations), and for
large resistivity contrasts between adjacent beds.
The conditions where Laterologs should be used in preference to
•
induction are shown in Figures 3 &4 (after Souhaite and others, 1975; and
Schlumberger, 1972a).
Microresistivity logs
•
The microresistivity devices are used to measure Rxo the invaded
zone, and to delineate permeable beds by detecting the presence of a mud
cake. The Microlaterolog (MLL), the Proximity Log (PL), and the Micro-
•
spherically Focused Log (MSFL) are the best tools for estimating Rxo. The
Microlog ~1L) is inferior for Rxo resolution and is only used in delineating
permeable-bed boundaries, and hence for determining net to gross pay ratios.
•
Thermal Decay Time log
The Thermal Decay Time (TOT) Log records a time value indicating
the rate of decay of thermal neutrons in the formation. When water-salinity
•
values are greater than 100 000 ppm, TOT logging provides the means of re-
cognizing the presence of hydrocarbons in formations which have been cased,
•
\j
•
•
• 100
50
•
20
USE 6FF40
10
•
t~
5
a::
-
"-
E
•
a::
2
USE LLd
•
02
•
Record 1978/3 X AUS-~-~34
Fig.3 Choice of tool for better Rt determination based on
• RmflRw and Sw (for step profile).(After Souhaite

and others, SPWLA, 1975).
•
•
•
30
•
25 \
INDUCTION LOG
t
~20
~
~
I
\ PREFERRED
!ABOVE APPROPRIATE
Rw CURVE
•
>-
~
(J')
o
a::
o
a..
15
,
!\
I
I ~
•
I ~ RW=I,n-M
------- .----
10
LATEROLOG
PREFERRED ~: •
~
5
I
I
I K-- ~
.........
--"r-
I"- l""- t- 10- Rw =0·' .()-M
.1
•
I r'-t-r- (!:!: 'I":::
0'0 M
I USE BOTH LOGS I -
I BE1LOj jPjR10jRIATE ,RW CiRVE
I
•
o 0·5 0·7 2 345 7 10 20 30
OSchlumberQer Rmf/Rw~
Record 1978/3 X AUS- 5 -535
Fig 4 Preferred ranges of application of Induction Logs and Laterologs
•
It-
•
• -9-
and to detect changes in water saturation during the production life of the well.
• They are invaluable in establishing changes in hydrocarbon/water contacts.

TOT logs are not routinely run.
SHALlNESS INDICATOR LOGS
• Gamma Ray log
The Gamma Ray Log (GR) measures the natural radioactivity of the
• formations.
In sedimentary sequences the GR normally reflects the shale content
of the formations. This is because the radioactive elements (usually Potass-
ium) tend to concentrate in clays and shales. Clean formations usually have
• a very low radioactivity level unless radioactive elements such as glauco-

nite or granitic wash (potassium-feldspar) are present.
Spontaneous Potential log
• The Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log is usually run with the Induc-
tion or Laterolog. If a difference exists in salinity between the mud fil-
trate and the formation water in a porous bed, a deflection to the left
• occurs and is termed negative SP, and indicates that formation water salinity
is higher than the mud filtrate salinity. The opposite deflection is known
as positive SP.
If the formation is shale-free, reasonably accurate calculations
• for Rw can be made from the SP. If the formation is shaly, calculated Rw is
too high in the normal case of negative SP, and too low in the case of posi-
tive SP.
The presence of hydrocarbons also decreases the SP in shaly sands.
• A third method of determining shaliness is described in the

formation evaluation section.
LOG RESPONSE EQUATIONS, AND EFFECT
• OF SHALE AND HYDROCARBONS ON LOGS
Effect on Density
• Formation bulk density is related to porosity, density of fluids

in the porous space, and the matrix density of the rock by:
1C6
• rl
•
-10-
pb f (I-'/)) pma
= '/)p +
pb - bulk density measured from the density log •

pma - matrix (or gram) density
pf - fluid density
The equation may be re-arranged for solution of porosity:

pma - pb
•
'/) =
pma - pf
pb as read from the log needs to be corrected for borehole diameter

by Schlumberger (1972b) Chart Por-5b.
Where shale densities are higher or lower than sandstone densities,
•
the density derived porosity can be corrected by an equation of the form
'/) corrected = '/) apparent ~
Where A is apparent porosity shown by 100% shale.

A Vsh
•
Schlumberger (1974, p. 45) incorporates empirical corrections for
residual hydrocarbons in their CORIBAND log analysis program. The correc-
tion to the density log is:
•
pb = -1.07 ~ Shr (l.ll-0.15P) pmf - 1.15 ph
where pb is the correction, in gm/cc, applied to the shale corrected
density value.
'/) is the apparent porosity •
Shr is the residual hydrocarbon saturation
P is the mud filtrate salinity in pp~
pmf is the density of the mud filtrate in gm/cc, and ph is the

density of the hydrocarbon mixture in gm/cc. All the variables are corrected •
to reservoir temperature and pressure.
Effect on apparent neutron readings

•
With the older type of GNT log, Neutron porosity is recorded
directly in API units. Empirical data (Dresser Atlas, 1974, p.8-l4)
suggest that if porosity is plotted logarithmically and neutron response
is plotted linearly, then a straight line results. This can be expressed
•
in one of two general empirical mathematical forms as
log '/) = A - B(N)

•
\~
•
• -11-
If the above equation doesn't give a satisfactory relationship,
• then the following equation may be found to be more acceptable:
or (l) = C - K log (N)

where A and B or C and K are constants relating to tool design
and borehole parameters. N is the neutron API deflection. Which of the two
• equations is more appropriate can only be established by statistical
correlations of the n~utron readings against another porosity log.
The newer SNP and CNL logs are calibrated in limestone porosity
units i.e. true porosity if formation is a clean limestone.
• Conversion to sandstone porosity is accomplished by using Schlum-
berger (1972b) charts Por-13a and Por-13b. In general the following rela-
tionship holds:
• SNP (l) (sandstone) = (l) (limestone) + 0.03

CNL (l) (sandstone) = (l) (limestone) + 0.04
where porosity is fractional.
• The Neutron Log (CNL) can be corrected for environmental (mud cake
thickness, salinity of borehole, salinity of formation, mud weight, standoff
distance of sonde, borehole temperature) by Schlumberger monogram Por-14a.
In the author's Australian experience, the Neutron log (CNL) readings give a
• good comparison to SNP neutron porosity values over the same interval, and do
not need the complex empirical corrections suggested by Schlumberger.
Since the Neutron Log responds to all the hydrogen present in a
• shaly formation (including the hydrogen of water bound in the shale), the
readings are too high in shaly sandstones.
(l) neutron corrected = (l) neutron apparent - A Vsh.
Schlumberger 1974 also published empirical corrections to Neutron

• Log readings caused by the presence of hydrocarbons near the well bore.
(l)N = (l) Shrpmf{l-P) - 1.67 ph + 0.17

pmf (l-P)
where (l)N is the correction in limestone porosity units, applied
• to the shale corrected porosity value.
• 5
-12- •
Effect on sonic readings
The time average equation, which relates sonic travel time to the •
matrix and fluid travel times, is:
o= 6t log - 6tma
6t f - 6tma •
where: 6 t log is reading on the Sonic Log usually in microseconds/ft
6t ma - transit time of the matrix material
6t f - fluid transit time (for water about 189 microseconds/ft
corresponding to fluid velocity of 5300 ft/sec.
•
Since the travel time in shale is usually higher than in sandstone,
the apparent porosity derived from the sonic log is higher in shaly sand- •
stones than it would be if the same sandstone were clean.
o (?onic corrected) =0 (sonic apparent) - A Vsh

•
Laboratory measurements by Domenico (1976) of compressional wave
velocity is an unconsolidated pure-quartz sand containing a brine-gas mix-
ture show that sonic velocity varies non-linearly with brine saturation.
Thus no simple empirical relationship exists for correct~ng sonic logs in •
gas wells.
Effect on resistivity readings

•
Clays in sands may contribute to the electrical conductivity which is
directly related to cation exchange capacity, and this conductivity is
parallel, and in addition to, the conductivity pore 'formation' water. This
phenomenon causes resistivity values of clay bearing sands to be abnormally •
low compared to the resistivity of the same sand9 without clay. The problem
has led to numerous publications of empirical methods for evaluating logs
from 'dirty' or 'shaly' formations.
In-depth laboratory investigations have been carried out by •
Simandoux (1963) and Waxman &Smits (1968) on this problem. The relations
proposed by these authors take into account a great number of physical fac-
tors related to the mineral nature of the clay, to the electrical behaviour
•
•
• -13-
or ionic layers within the electrolytic solutions, and to the cation exchange
• capacity developed by the presence of clay.

The Simandoux equation has been used extensively in the oil indus-
try in particular by Sch1umberger in computer analysis techniques.
Although it is empirical, it is supported by countless checks through rou-
• tine computer analyses.

One form of the Simandoux equation is:
1 Vsh Sw + '1l Sw 2
=
Rt Rsh 0.8 Rw
• where Vsh is the total shale content as a percentage of total rock
volume (independent of distribution of shale)
Rsh is the resistivity of most shaly section and ~ is the
• The
effective porosity (fractional).
Waxman-Smits method of calculating water saturation from elec-

tric logs of shaly sands and the need for cation exchange capacity data have
been relatively recent developments in log analysis. However the use of the
• method has been inhibited by two factors:
1) the equation is difficult to handle without computers; and

2) it is normally expensive and time consuming to obtain cation
• exchange capacity data (Bush &Jenkins, 1977):
The ability to measure the resistivity-reducing effects of samples

directly in the laboratory will probably make this method more widely accepted.
• Water saturation may be obtained from a form of the Waxman-Smits equation
(Johnson & Linke, 1978):
Sw =
• Rt
• where Qv = composite quantity of cation exchangeable clay (CEC) present -

meq/ml of pore space expressed as:
•
•
14-
•
CEC (1 - ~) Pg
= grain density of rock solids, gm/cm

3
~
•
= Rw at formation temperature
= Rw at nOF
Formation resistivity factor where formation is saturated
with a very low resistivity brine, expressed as:
•
0.79 ~ -2.09
B = Specific counterion inductance. This is expressed as

•
B = [4 •6) (1-0 . 6 exp ( - 7.2. ))
RW
2
Rt = deep resistivity reading.
•
The cation exchange capacities of the four clay types (kaolinite,
illite, montmorillonite, and chlorite) are given in Table 1.
Pyrite with a density of 5.06 gm/cc and resistivity of the order

of 0.001 ohm-metres greatly affects the resistivity as well as density log
•
readings. At present there is no acceptable method recognized for calcu-
lating the volume and quantitative influence of pyrite in hydrocarbon bearing
formations. •
FORMATION EVALUATION PROCEDURE
Cross plotting for porosity and lithology •

Cross plotting the readings of one tool against another is the
present day basis of log interpretation.
The evaluation of shaly sand formations can be made using any •
paired combination of density log, neutron log, and sonic log. Assuming
only water is present in the formation [i.e. no hydrocarbons) the logs res-
ponses are defined by the following equations (Krug &Cox, 1976):
•
Density: pb = pma l1-~-Vsh) + psh Vsh + pf ~
Neutron: ~N =~ + Vsh ~Nsh

Sonic: Clt = Cltma [l-~-Vsh) + LUsh Vsh + Cltf ~
•
• -15-
Given two different logs, their equations may be solved simul-

• taneously for the effective porosity and shale volume.
is tedious when hand calculating a shale/sand sequence;
However, this method
an alternative
approach of cross-plotting and graphically solving the equations is usually
followed.
• The density - neutron log combination is of primary concern
because of the unsuitability of the sonic log for use in gas sands. This
plot is drawn up with the following control points (Fig. 5):
• -The grain density of sandstone and 0% sandstone porosity on

the neutron (sand point). The grain density may be independently
estimated from a clean water-bearing sandstone by the cross-plot
of density against neutron readings. (Figures 6 &7).
• - The density of shale, which is usually between 2.4 and 2.6

gm/cc, and the neutron reading in shale, usually between 35-40%
apparent porosity for the SNP and 50% for the GNT. The assump-
• tion is made that the shale laminae and the dispersed shale exhibit
the same physical properties as the nearest massive shale unit
(shale point).
• - The density and neutron readings in pure fluid (i.e. mud fil-
trate or water point). Effective porosity lines are then drawn
parallel to the bottom side of the triangle (GAMMA) and lines
of equal shaliness drawn parallel to the upper left hand side of
• the triangle (ALPHA).
An example of such a triangular plot is presented in Figure 8.

Instead of extending the porosity to the 100% water vertex, a point for
• 40% porosity was calculated from:
pb = ~ pf + (1-~) p ma
~N = neutron porosity in sandstone units.
The analysis of an arbitrary point Z, (pb=2.37, ~N = 0.35) results

• in a porosity of 15 percent with a 20% volume of shale dispersed in the
sandstone.
•
10 Fig_5. DENSITY - NEUTRON CROSS - PLOT TERMINOLOGY
\
12 \
\
Co
;re \
o~~ \
"C'/
1·4 /0., \
\
\
\
16 \
\
u
\
~ c
].1-8 \
>-
~
\
in
z
w
\
o \
:5:::> 2-0 \
m \
\
z'~
~
2-2
.' I
, \I
I
. ,
~...;-~ -------'..1---"~ShOle
2-4
\
...--------".., -
__ p. _------------------------J:i
_ ~ -< amI (PORNS
'."""'
After KruQ a Co. (1976)
2-8 I
o
I
0I
I
0-2
I
0·3
I
0'4
I
0-5
i
0-6
I
0-7
I
0-8
I
0-9
I
1-0 '-I
I I
1·2
NEUTRON POROSITY (FRAC)
Record 1978/3 XAU5-5-4/5
cj,
•
•
1·9
•
2·0 :'\0
~o
"P
• 2 I
2 ·2
•
2 3
()
()
"'-
E
• Cl
r
.....
-
If)
2·4
z
w
0
2 ·5
~
• ...J
:J
CD
Q..
.0
2·6
• 2·7
2·8
•
2·9
• 3.0 l . - ..l.-~
o
© SchlumborQer - MID
_ __ L
5
Chart 3
__.l..L.
NEUTRON
10
INDEX
L_
15
_L
20
__l
25
(Apparent Limestone Porosity)
L.__
30
..I_---...J
40
Record 1978/3 XAUS-S- 536
Fig.6 Determination of {Pma)a I from FDe a NEUTRON LOG

• (SNP,fresh mud)
•
•
•
I·g
2·0 •
2'1
•
2·2
2·3 •
u
u
"E
0'
~ 2·4
>-
.....
lI)
Z
W
•
0
2·5
~
-I
~
•
(Il
(l..Cl
2·6
•
2·7
2·8
2'9
•
3.0 l . . - -'- ='--_ _-'-- --'- L---e.._ _-'- ---I. -'-- ....J
o
©Schlumbe";ler -MID Chart 5

NEUTRON
10
INDEX
15
(Apparent
35 40
XAUS-5- 537
•
Record 1978/3
Fig.7 Determination of {Pma)a, from FDC 8 NEUTRON ~OG

(CNL,fresh mud)
•
•
I· · · · · · • • • • • •
1·9
4Q..o/$l.- - -
2·0 ('b = 0 ('t + (1- 0) ('mo
for IlJ = 0 4 /
- 'Y9 _ ,/
L-
('b = 199 , )5 I- - - .7
/
2·1
~
30f9- - - - / /
/ -- - - - - ; /
. / /_-
/ ~---,
/ ----// /
2·2 - /
/ .?---
/ ----7
u
nO~OC:J\ ...lQ.%.---~-----;"'-
-<,." / - , /'
----/
/ /
./--
~E 2·3
'">-
~ / /
_---7
--
/
/
-/~~_--;7
, __... / / p/
. . {U------/ --- /
.,
c
.., _/~o/9- _ - - .....><.:,'
/ /
/ / -;/ /
:!!'
::>
2·4
// /::-----? /1-_---7/---- /
_/!!.~ __/ --./'~-----/'i

ID
/
// '--- 0%
/
/ / / / -/ - - - - - / ,aY /
/ ?-._-----7 / ,..-
2·5
?"_-----;7/ o/r //. ea '7 % /
SHALE (25,035)
°ofr' .-----.!O
2·6
sr\~\..£ CONI£NI
A~nNI£N\
Point Z: (f'b=2·37,IlJN=0·22)
IlJ = 0,15 , Vsh = 20 %
2·7
2·8 I I I I I
o 0'1 0·2 0·3 0·4
~ Record 1978/3
Porosity
XAUS-5-538
Fig.8 Example of neutron-density cross-plot

• -16-
Formation temperature determination
• In order to correct surface resistivity measurements to formation

conditions, a knowledge of the formation temperature is necessary. A method
has been developed for computing changes in formation temperature caused by
• circulation of mud during drilling operations (Edwardson and others, 1962).

It is analogous to estimating reservoir pressure from transient build-up
data. It is used where no temperature log was run and no DST temperature
information is available •
• The method is essentially an extrapolation of log-derived lfrom

the maximum recorded bottom-hole temperature on any logging run) recordings
against the times after last mud circulation when the recordings were taken,
to determine the temperature which corresponds to an infinite time after
• circulation. Figure 9 is a plot of the following data:
Depth - 3 000 m
Circulating time = 20 hrs Lt)
•
Log Type Time since mud circulation ~t Recorded Bottom-gole
ceased l~ t) t+ ~t Temperature ( F)
• Density
Induction
6
10
0.23
-
0.33
205
211
Sonic 18 0.47 218
Microlaterolg 26 0.57 220
• o
The resultant extrapolated formation temperature is 232.5 F.
• Mud filtrate resistivity lRmf) determination
An accurate estimate of Rmf is needed in order to calculate Rw. .. I
The surface measurement should therefore be checked where possible by obtain-

• ing an actual value from the formation.
The cross-plot of an Rxo log (proximity or microlaterolog) against
density in a clean water bearing sand beneath the hydrocarbon pay is attemp-
ted. A solution to the Humble Formula
•
•
•
•
•
235
•
Formation temperature at 300 0 m_
231 -5
/
230 I /
/
/
/
/
•
/
225
/
/
/
/
/
/
•
/
220 M LL
"-
~
•
OJ
:;
0
Q;
a.
E 215
2!
.,
-0
L:
E
~
-0
(Xl
2tO
•
205
•
•
200
--- T ------------~----------~I--------~I--------r-----~I----~-----1
...3 0-4 0-5 0-6 07 0-8 O-g 1-0
0-2
Record 1978 / :3
Time since Clrculal lng of mud ceased (li t)
lit + t (circula ting time)
X AUS - 5- 5 :39
•
Fig_ 9 Calculation of formation temperature from log data
•
•
• 5000 2
• 4000 25
0·62
for F= 30
e> 2 · 15
3000 -
RESISTIVITY SCALE MAY
35
BE MULrlPLIED BY 10
FOR USE IN A HIGHER
2500 RANGE 40
• 45
2000 50
•
60
1500 - 70
>-
>- t:
f- 80 ~
> f-
f- 90 ~
U (f)
•
~ w
0 1000 I·0
a:
Z
0
U
I ·2
I 4
I ·6
• 500
I ·8
2·0
400 25
3·0
300
• 200
150
40
50
6·0
8 ·0
100 I o
•
15
50 20
30
25 40
60
10 100
200
• L -____~______~______~______~______~______~______~______~______- L______~J~t
______________________________________________________________________ 0
,P b
~--------------------------------------------------------------------
© Schlumberger __ F
•
Reco rd 1978/3 X AUS - 5-540
Fig . IO Humble Plot
•
•
6070 500 2
5750
54 70
2·2
2·4
•
5230 2·6
50·20
4840
for
I
F = --0
0 2
.. 2·8
3
•
RESISTIVITY SCALE MAY
BE MULTIPLIED OR
44·60 3' 5
DIVIDED BY 10 FOR USE
41·60 250
IN A DIFFERENT RANGE
4
•
3920 4· 5
3720 20 0 5
35·45
33·90
>-
5· 5
6
•
I-
>-
>- I-
I- 31 50 > 7 >
Cl) I- I-
0 U Cl)
er 29·50 ::J 12 5 8
0
a. 27·80
26·50
Cl
Z
0
U
100
9
Io
Cl)
w
er •
24·30 I2
22·59 I4
21 20
20·05
19·05 50
16
I8
2o
•
1717 40 25
1578 30
13 78
12·42
25
20
40
50
•
-
897 10 100
647 5 200
•
4 /9 2 50C
300 I 1000
2145 5 2000
L-_ _L-_ _.L-_ _..L-_ _...L._ _--L_ _- L_ _---l...-_ _---L._ _- - - L_ _~J M,.Pb •
-
-=--
------------ - - - - - - - - 0F
...-- ~~
© Schlumberger XAUS _ 5- 541

Record 1978/3 Fig.11 Husten Plot '),'\/
•
•
• 2
5000
• 4000 25
0·62
for F=
• 3000 - RESISTIVITY
02·15
SCALE MAY
30
35
BE MULTIPLIED BY 10
FOR USE IN A HIGHER Well A
2500 RANGE 3364 -3370m 40
• Temp = 116°C
45
2000 50
l/)
•
Q.>
60 ...
Rxo Q;~
F = E l/)
1500 - Rmf 70 I ~
Rxo 5 E2
>- Rmf = -F- = 90 .c
0>-
f- 80~ '5
> >-
u
1= = 0·055 = 40000 ppm No Cl / 90~
'L:
1
u
• ::>
o
Z
0
U
1000 - -
-
et Log reading = 0·16 at 25°C
V
./
V
./' I·0
I·2 W
>0.
1=
CJ)l:
U)
l/)
.~
E
= 42000 ppm NaCI ./ I
0:
V I·6
• 500
+
.~~ ~
~
/
+
+ ~
+
I·8
20
400 25
./
.~
t + 3·0
300 + . /F"'"
• 200
~
.
./
,/
V
T
4'0
5·0
60
150
+ ./ + 8·0
100 ./ I o
~
• 50 +
./'
V "" I5
20
30
25 , ./ 40
60
10 ./ 100
./ 200
V
• 2·66
./
2 62
Ll_ _---lIl.-_ _-..l..1
2·58 2·54
. .L.1
2·50
....I1
2·46
. .L.1
2-42
....I1
2·38
...........
1
2·34
.....
1
2·30 2·26
.....1_ _---'1 LH ,Pb
CD
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-=--t fl}
_____________ 0·10 = 2-485---=.gm/cc

(2) _--:-_--:- F
© Schlumberller F(O'IO) = 90
• Record 1978/3
Fig.12 R M F Determination (micro spherically focused against density)

XAUS" 5-542 .,.., '?
•
• 6070 500 2
5750
/ +
2·2
• 5470 for
I
F= - 2 -0 / + + ~
2·4
0 V +. +
2·6
5230
5020
RESISTIVITY
BE MULTIPLIED OR
SCALE MAY
/ +
. 2·8
4840 DIVIDED BY 10 FOR USE 1/+ 3
I
IN A DIFFERENT RANGE
+ +
4460 I I I I .~
I
I I
/
4160 250 t - - - 4
• 3920
.~
1/
/ 4·5
+ J .~
3720 200
5 ~
3545
... / 55 E
33·90 / 6 I
• r
t- 31·50
r
t-
>
+ / 7
E
J::
o
en
O
0:
0
2950
t-
U
:J 125
0 I
/ 8
>-
t-
>
a. 2780 Z
0 9 ~
U / o en
•
2650 100 I
Well A w
2430
I
/ 3364 - 3370m
12
0:
~
22·59 14
21·20 / 16
2005 1 18
I
• 1905
1717
1578
50
40
/
J
20
25
30
1/ Rmf= Rxo
1378 25
F 40
1242 20
J 3·9 50
• 897 10
I
I
I =
80
= 0·049
100
= 42 OOOppm No Cl
J
647 5 I I I
200
/ = Log heading value
•
I
4 19 2 50C
300 1 1000
2145 5
I 2000
/ 254 2·50
I 2·46 2·42 2·38 2'34
I I I I I I
0 =10 %
pb =2·485
© Schlumblroer F = 80 XAUS - 3- 543
Record 1978/3
Fig.13 R M F Determination (proximity against density)
•
•
-17-
• F = 0.62
or specifically for the flushed zone:
~2.15
• Rxo = (Rmf) 0.62 may be obtained by the plot of Rxo (micro-

~2.15
spherically focused, microlaterolog, proximity) against a porosity log (e.g.

density) on Schlumberger graph paper (Fig. 10). A straight line should
result in water bearing zones, the slope of which equals the Rmf.
Husten (1975) believes there is theoretical justification in the
relationship:
• F = 1
A solution to this relationship is given in Figure 11. However, the results

from both methods are in close agreement .
• In Figure 12 a plot from well A of density versus micro spheri-

cally focused log readings (3364-3370 m) gives an Rmf value of 40 000 ppm
equivalent of NaCl. The surface log reading (41 000 ppm NaCl) agrees closely
with the plotted value .
• A plot of proximity log versus density over the same "interval in

well 'A' (Fig. 13) gives an Rmf value of 42 000 ppm equivalent of NaCl and
this again is in good agreement with the surface recorded value.
• Formation water resistivity (Rw) determination
Rw is the prime function required in hydrocarbon saturation deter-

minations. Relatively small variations in Rw can give large variations in
• the calculated Sw (water saturation). Rw can be calculated from the SP
in clean formations by use of computer program LKSP (Appendix 1), but in
many cases this calculation can result in inaccurate values owing to the
presence of quite small amounts of shale.
• SP Method
The SP algorithm duplicates the method described by Gondouin and
• others (1957) and the Schlurnberger (1972b) charts. Input required is the SP
deflection value, the Rmf value and the temperature it was measured at
(calculated by cross-plotting) and the formation temperature.
• J
•
-18-
Laboratory measured Rw values from Drill Stem Test recoveries

(DST) in water-zones under the pay zone are the most reliable values to use
•
and should be used wherever possible to calibrate and check log derived
values.
Ratio Method
•
The best way to calculate Rw is by the cross-plot of Rt (closely
approached by Induction or Laterolog Deep) against Rxo (proximity, micro-
laterolog, or microspherica1ly focused log) in a water bearing zone (as
•
determined by DST or FIT recoveries). This is referred to as the ratio
method whereby: Since F = Ro and Rt = Ro in 100% water bearing beds.
Thus F = Rt = Rxo
Rw
(flushed zone)
•
Rw Rmf
Rt .x Rmf
Re-arranging the equations: Rw =
Rxo
The conversion of resistivity values to equivalent parts per •
million values of NaCl is accomplished by Schlumberger Chart (Fig. 14).
The interval 3228-3236 m in well 'A' had a DST recovery measured
Rw value equivalent to 20-22 000 ppm of NaCl. A crossplot of the Proximity
log against Laterolog Deep (Fig. 15) gives a very close value of 23 000 ppm •
NaCl.
However the Microspherically Focused log values (Fig. 16) give
erroneous results. This is because in certain circumstances the depth of
investigation of the tool is beyond the flushed zone into the invaded zone. •
Pickett Method
Pickett (1966) described a cross-plot approach which makes use of

the basic saturation equations. However, the necessity of knowing all five
•
quantities (Rw, Rt, m, n, and ~) can sometimes be by-passed, provided some
of the unknown quantities are constant. The cross-plot approach results
from a re-arrangement of the equations: •
l •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
•
•
3·0
Rt
Rw : Rxo x Rmf
•
3·0
: - X 0·049
1·7
o
•
2·0 : 23000 ppm No Cl
0;
...
'i
E
I DST Recovery: 20-22000 ppm Noel
E
~
2
-I
Cl
0
•
!:? 0 0
0
>- o 008
'f 0
><
~
0
•
~
a.
0
>< 0
IX:
1·0
•
Rt (Loterolog Deep)-(ohm -metre)
•
X AUS - 5-544
Record 1978/3
Fig.15 Rw determination by ratio method (Proximity log).(3228-3236 m)
•
•
••
•
3·0
Rt
Rw )( Rmf
Rxo
2,8
0-056 at 111°C
2-74 K
0·057 at 111°C
<:>
• ~
...
~
39,000 ppm Noel 0 0(;)
0
E
I 2·0
E
s:;
0
• ~
I
"0
OIl
lA
~
-
0
0
:?:'
'0
0
';:
• OIl
s:;
0.
lA
I
0
0
'E
1·0
2
et:
•
Rt -(LLD)- (ohm-metre)
• Record 1978/3
Fig.16
XAUS-5-545
Rw determination by ratio method (micro-spherically focused log). Well A,3228~3236m
•
•
-19-
'/Jm
Sw -n = I = Rt
into
• log Rt = -m
Rw
log f/J + log Rw + log I
For constant Rwand for I = 1.0 (i.e. Sw = 100%), a plot of log

• Rt against the log of porosity Cor log (pb - pm), or log (At - Atm) will
give a straight line of slope equal to -m which can be extrapolated to find
Rw (at 0 = 100%) as in Figure 17.
Note that a large spread of porosity values is needed to accurately
• pin-point the position of the line
Husten or Humble Plots
• Formula
Rw may be determined in the same way as the Rmf by using the Husten
F =
1
f/J2-¢
or Humble F '/J.62 plots. Either the density or sonic readings may
=
• f/J2.15
be taken for the porosity ordinate values and a deep resistivity reading tool
(Induction, Laterolog Deep) as the Rt ordinate.
Water saturation determination
In most cases the Simandoux equation (or 'Indonesian' equation)

may be used in estimating water saturation:
• I Vsh Sw
= +
Rt Rsh
.'
m is usually taken as equal to 2
a equals 0.8 for sandstone and 1.0 for limestone.
When three resistivity tools have been run (to determine the resis-
tivities of the invaded, and uninvaded zones) then the Schlumberger (1972b)
'butterfly' charts may be used to read off values of Rt and the diameter of
invasion 'di'. However in most cases, the Laterol og Deep, or deep induction
readings are sufficiently close to the true resistivity to be used directly
as values for Rt.
•
0·05 •
Rw=0'072
=30,000 ppm Noel
I
I
I
I
•
01
I
I
I
I
I
I
•
I
x I
I
I
m =-1
I
I
•
x
I
I
= 1·76 I
I
I
I
I
•
I
-
a::
I
0~
•
0
Q
"
1Sl.
I
1·0
I
I
I
I
•
0
0c:x:P
,/00
o
o
·.·.0
•
!i,
I.
Lltm = 55·5
10
5 10 20 50 100 133·5
(t1h~~lm)
Record 1978/3
Fig. 17 Rw determination by the Pickett method. Well A,3228-3236m

X AUS - 5- 546
q-I
r.
•
-20-
• LOG4 COMPUTER PROGRAM
Introduction
• The LOG4 program supercedes the previous LOGl program. Its advan-
tages are that it handles more data points, and allows for corrections to be
made to the density log for large hole size. It can also estimate a better
value for true formation resistivity eRT) by using an analytical form of the
Schlumberger 'butterfly' correction charts (1). Further, it incorporates a
subroutine which solves the three porosity log response equations (only in
the absence of gas) simultaneously. The program is designed to run on BMR's
in-house Hewlett-Packard MX System .
• LOG4 assists the analyst by performing with great speed and

accuracy the many calculations and the empirical corrections which are
required.
Firstly the log analyst must inspect the analog prints so as to
• ascertain the location of the probable hydrocarbon pay zones Ohighly resistive
zones) and adjust all log readings to a common datum. Formation Interval Test
(recoveries of formation fluid by a wire-line tool) are used wherever possible to
confirm the log interpreation and ascertain the type of hydrocarbon present.
• To use the computer program, the log analyst must read the phy-
sical values from all the logs and enter them on a data file in the format
shown in Table 2.
LOG4 is able to process data from up to 100 points. It is desig-
• ned to manipulate data in either metric or oil-field units, and to handle

any of the three common types of neutron logs. The log analyst must choose
what final porosity log values (from either sonic, neutron-density, or from
a combination of these) to be used in the saturation equation. His choice
• may be guided by the quality of the logs and the presence or absence of gas
in the hole (i.e. the reliability of the sonic log).
Before the program can be run, values for the following parameters,
which are treated as constants over the interval of study, are required:
• the formation temperature; the mud filtrate salinity and mud filtrate density;
sonic travel time in mud filtrate; the clean sand and 100% shale values of
the gamma ray, SP, sonic, neutron and density logs; and finally the Rw,
hydrocarbon density and borehole size. The ~ethods of obtaining these
• parameters have already been discussed.
Cl) e.g. Schlumberger 1972(b), p. 63
•
•
Spontaneous potential
•
(mlllivolts)
SPMIN
30·0
•
PSP
40-0
•
•
SSP
88·0
•
Sh~line$S at point A:
Vsh =I -
40- 30
88 - 30
•
0·83
Fig.18 Spontaneous potential

characteristics and terminology
•
•
•
-21-
• A detailed description of the variable names used in the computer

program is given below.
Input
• Table 2 is the format required for the data file:
Line 1 - Title of up to 40 characters is entered.

• Line 2 - Run number (e.g. 0001) four digits and date (21-10-78) are entered.
Line 3 - Values for various switches (IPORF, IHYDR, IPL, IRM, MDPH, MTAC,
MTEM, LUN, NLTYPE, IPRINT) used in program
IPORF = 1 (Final porosity is from neutron-density cross-plot
• = 2 (Final porosity is average of sonic plus neutron-
density)
= 3 (Final porosity is average of Simplex, plus sonic,
plus neutron-density)
• IHYDR = Hydrocarbon detection switch (i.e. Rxo log present)
1 = Yes; 0 = No.
IPL = Plot switch (1 = Yes; 0 = No)
IRM = Resistivity combination in order to apply correct
• Ibutterfly' chart correction for Rt
1 = LL8, IUM, ILD; 2 = Rxo, LLs, Lld;
o = No Rm log or some other resistivity combination
is present.
• MDPH = Metric depth (1 = metres; 0 = feet)
MTAC = Metric interval transit time (1 = microseconds/cm;
o = microseconds/foot)
• NOTE: Simplex is the technique of optimizing the solution of a set of simul-

taneous linear equations.
MTEM = Metric temperature (1 = Centigrade; 0 = Fahrenheit)

• LUN = Intermediate calculations print-out (debug)
(6 = Yes; 3 = No).
I.
I
No other values are permitted.
NLTYPE = Type of neutron log (l=SNP; 2=CNL; 3=API units)
•
•
-22-
If NLTYPE = 3,
then the const ants (A,B) of the equat ion of
best fit of API versu s poros ity (calib rated befor e-han d again
st
•
eithe r densi ty, sonic , or core value s) are enter ed on line
3 B.
Eqn is: Neutr on poros ity = A-B log CAPI)
IPRINT = 6, normal outpu t print ing devic e; = 7 for Gould
Line 4 - NSP, TEM, PMF, RMF, DENMF, TACF
print er. •
NSP = Number of sample point s (maximum of 10)
TEM = Forma tion tempe rature
PMF = Mud filtra te salin ity (frac tion in parts per millio
RHF = Mud filtra te resis tivity at forma tion tempe rature
n) •
DENMF = mud filtra te densi ty (gm/cc)
TACF mud filtra te interv al trans it time
=
Line 5 - GRYMIN, DENMA, TACMA, SSP
GRYMIN = Gamma Ray readin g oppos ite clean sands tone sectio
n.
•
DENMA = Matri x densi ty (i.e. sands tone or limes tone) - gm/cc
.
TACMA = Matri x interv al trans it time.
SSP = SP defle ction (Fig. 18) is clean sands tone (maximum)
Line 6 - GRYMAX, RSH, DENSH, TACSH, PORNSH, SPMIN
•
GRYMAX = Gamma Ray readin g oppos ite a nearb y shale -secti on
RSH Resis tivity of shale sectio n
=
DENSH = Densi ty of shale
TACSH = Shale interv al trans it time
•
PORNSH = Neutr on poros ity readin g in shale sectio n.
SPMIN = SP defle ction in shale .
Line 7 - RW, DENHYD, BORE
RW = Forma tion water resis tivity (from DST, or cross -plot)
•
DENHYD = Hydrocarbon densi ty (gm/cc - from hydro carbo n
analy sis) •
BORE = Bore hole diame ter (inche s -) size of drill bit will
for corre ction to densi ty log readin gs.
suffic e •
Lines 8 to up to 10 - DPH, GRY, DENA, PORNLl, TAC, PSP, RXO,
RM, RD, CALl
DPH = Depth (metr es or feet)
GRY = Gamma Ray (API)
DENA = Densi ty (gm/cc)
•
PORNLl = Neutr on Poros ity (Lime stone poros ity units or API
units )
TAC = Interv al trans it time (micro secon ds/cm or micro secon
ds/foo t)
PSP = Spont aneou s Poten tial readin g (rela tive to shale line
arbit rary base line - milli volts )
or an •
•
•
-23-
• RXO = flushed zone resistivity

RM = invaded zone resistivity
RD = deep resistivity (equals Rt in most cases).
• CAL = optional: size of hole in inches (i.e. bore diameter minus

mud cake thickness)
lEND = -1
• Table 2 is an example of data input for a gas well .with SNP poro-
sity, and Table 4 shows an example of data input for an oil well with neutron
readings in APl units.
• NOTE: that CAL is an optional input at this stage.
Calculations performed
• 3.
TIuree levels of flow charts of program LOG4 are shown in Appendix
Segment Log4
• Log4 is the first segment of the program and its purpose is to

define a large COMMON block (lDUM) to transfer data from segment to segment.
Also the inter-active facility which allows the running of the program from
• a terminal is set by the command (CALL RMPAR) in this segment.
Segment LogS
• All the variables are read into segment LogS and the volume of
shale is estimated by three methods:
a) Gamma Ray (subroutine YSHGR)

b) Deep Resistivity (subroutine YSHSP)
• c) SP (subroutine VSHSP)
The lowest of the three estimates is considered to be the best
estimate of shaliness.
•
•
-24-
Segment Log 6 •
This segment calculates the average porosity from a neutron-density
cross-plot, after correcting for shaliness and presence of hydrocarbon satu-
ration. An iterative procedure is employed in the correction for hydrocarbon
saturation in that an initial estimate of porosity is needed in the correction
•
equations.
Since the presence of hydrocarbons displaces a given neutron-den-
sity shaly-sandstone point to the left (in a sand-shale-fluid triangle),
then previous estimates of shaliness (from GR Resistivity SP) should be
•
greater than the cross plotted value. If not, then the cross plotted
shaliness value is used and no correction for residual hydrocarbon saturation
is required.
The porosity from the sonic log is also calculated in this segment.
•
If no reliable Rxo readings are available, then the final porosity is calcu-
lated as the square root of the average of the squared density and neutron
porosity values i.e. + ~2 ) ~

•
2 )
Segment Log 7
•
The simultaneous solution of the three linear log response equa-
tions in performed in oil or water zones by the SIMPLEX method (McMillan &
Gonzalez, 1968). The equations are of the form:
•
A (DENMA) + B(DENSH) + C(DENF) = DENA
A (PORNMA) + B(PORNSH) + C(PORNF) = PORNSl
A (TACMA)
and the lIDi ty equation is
+ B(TACSH) + C(TACF) = TAC •
A + B + C = 1.0
where A - volume of matrix
B - volume of shale (or second mineral component)
C - volume of fluid (i.e. porosity)
•
DEN - density response for matrix GMA), shale (SH), fluid (F).
TAC - sonic travel time.
•
•
-25-
• Segment Log 8
This section of the program calculates true formation resistivity

(Rt) and tnence water saturation via the Simandoux equation and then calcu-
• lates the weighted averages of porosity) water saturation and the net pay
thickness. Tne arbitrary cut-off limits applying are 10% for porosity)
55% for water saturation) and MO% for shaliness.
Segment Log 9
The volume of shale) porosity) and water saturation values for all
• the levels of interest are plotted in this segment •
Output
Example outputs from gas and an oil well are shown in Tables 5
• &6 and Figures 19 &20.
CONCLUSIONS
• Wire-line log interpretation is an integral part of reservoir

engineering. Only after a lot of manipulation and correction of various
log-recorded physical values can reliable estimates of porosity and water
• saturation be made.
The LOG4 computer program was developed to save computation time
by the analyst) and to test the sensitivity in choice of variables. The data
input has been formalized to a set standard which can be entered by a techni-
• cal assistant if so desired. The computer input can also be entered by the
copying of Schlumberger magnetic field tapes if available.
Tne final output is suitable for use as an Appendix or Table in a
Record. The plot option can be particularly valuable as a quick visual
• resume of the results of interpretation •
• ____________J
• • 3056
• • • Gas !ell example (30! -3077m) • • • • •
3060
3064
II>
......
IV
IV
E
~ 3068
.c.
+-
a.
IV
o
3072
3076
3080
0 0·5 1·0 0 0·2 0'4 0 0·5 1·0
SHALE POROSITY SW
Record 1978/ 3 )(AUS-5-548
Fig. 19 Gas well plot output

Oil well example (2388 - 2436m)
2380
2390
2400
..
VI
....
+-
E
2410
2420
2430
2440
0 0·5 '- 0 0 0· 2 0·4 0 0 ·5 1·0
SHALE POROSITY SW
Rl cord 1978/3 XAU5-!5-!5 49
-
Fig.20
..Oil well plot output
.. .. .. ..
•
-26-
REFERENCES •
ARCHIE, G.E., 1941 - The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining

some reservoir characteristics. American Institute of Mining and Metall-
urgical Engineers, Technical Publication 1422, 1-7. •
BATEMAN, R.M. & KONEN, C.E., 1977 - We11site log analysis and the programmable
pocket calculator. Society of Professional Well Log Analysts Eighteenth
Annual Logging Symposium, Transactions, Paper B, 1-35. 4t
BUSH, D.C. &JENKINS, R.E., 1977 - Sha1y sand log analysis using cation
exchange capacity data. The Canadian Well Logging Society Sixth Formation
Evaluation Symposium, Transactions. H, 1-11. •
DOMENICO, S.N., 1976 - Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an uncon-

solidated sand reservoir. GEOPHYSICS JOURNAL, 41(5), 882-894.
DRESSER ATLAS, 1974 - Log review. Dresser Industries, Inc., Houston, Texas.
•
EDWARDSON, M.J., GIRNER, H.M., PARKINSON, H.R., WILLIAMS, C.D., and MATTHEWS,
C.S., 1962 - Calculation of formation temperature disturbances caused by •
mud cirCUlation. Journal of Petroleum Technology, April, 416-426.
FATT, I., 1957 - The effect of overburden and reservoir pressure on electrical
logging formation factor. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, •
Bulletin 41 (11), 34-56.
GOETZ, J.F., PRINS, W.J., and LOGAR, J.F., 1977 - Reservoir delineation by
wire1ine techniques. The LOG ANALYST, 18(5), 12-40. •
GOMEZ-RIVERO, 0., 1976 - A practical method for determining cementation ex-

ponents and some other parameters as an aid in well log analysis.
The LOG ANALYST, 17(5), 8-24. •
GONDOUIN, M., TIXIER, M.P., and SIMARD, G.L., 1957 - An experimental study
on the influence of the chemical composition of an electrolyte on the SP
curve. Journal of Petroleum Technology, February, 58-72. •
•
-----------------
•
-27-
HELANDER, D.P., &CAMPBELL, J.M., 1966 - The effect of pore configuration,

• pressure, and temperature on rock resistivity. Society of Professional
Well Log Analysts Seventh Annual Logging Symposium, Transactions, Paper
W, pp 1-29.
• HESLOP, A., 1975 - Porosity in shaly-sands. Society of Professional Well

Log Analysts Sixteenth Annual Logging Symposium Transactions, F, 1-12.
HUSTEN, P., 1975 - Computer applications in well log anal~sis in PORTER, C.R.,
Formation evaluation - lecture and workshop notes, Adelaide, Australian
Mineral Foundation.
JOHNSON, W.L. &LINKE, W.A., 1978 - Some practical applications to improve

• formation evaluation of sands tones in the MacKenzie Delta. Society of
Professional Well Log Analysts Nineteenth Annual Logging Symposium,
Transactions, Paper C, 1-33 .
• KRUG, J.A., &COX, D.O., 1976 - Shaly sand cross-plot; a mathematical

treatment. The Log Analyst, July-August, 11-15.
KURYLOWICZ, L.E., 1978 - Petroleum source rock potential from wire-line logs.
• Bureau of Mineral Resources, Australia, Record 1978/37 lunpubl.}.
McMILLAN, C., &GONZALEZ, R.G., 1968 - SYSTEMS ANALYSIS - a computer approach

to decision models. IRWIN, Illinois, pp 520.
•
PICKETT, G.R., 1966 - A review of current techniques for determination of
water saturation from logs. Journal of Petroleum Technology, Nov.,
1425-1433.
•
PIRSON, S.J., 1963 - HANDBOOK OF WELL LOG ANALYSIS Prentice Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., viii.
• PORTER, C.R., 1975 - Formation evaluation. Australian Mineral Foundation

InCOrporated, Adelaide .
•
•
-28-
POUPON, A., &GAYMARD, R., 1970 - The evaluation of clay content from logs.
Society of Professional Well Log Analysts Eleventh Annual Logging •
Symposium, Transactions, Paper G, 1-21.
SCHLUMBERGER, 1972a - Log interpretation, volume 1 - principles. SCHLUMBERGER

LIMITED, New York, pp 113. •
SCHLUMBERGER, 1972b - Log interpretation, charts. SCHLUMBERGER LIMITED,
New York, pp 91.
•
SCHLUMBERGER, 1972c - The essentials of log interpretation practice.
Services Techniques Schlumberger, France, pp 58.
SCHLill4BERGER, 1974 - Well evaluation conference - North Sea Servas Techniques •

Schlumberger, France, pp 171.
SELLEY, R.C., 1976 - Subsurface facies analysis. The LOG ANALYST, 17(1),
3-11. •
SIMANXOUX, P., 1963 - Measures dielectriques en milien poreux. Application
a la mesure de la saturation en eau, etude du comportement des massifs
argileux. Revue de l'institut Francais du Petrole, "Hors
. Serie, 18 •
•
SOUHAITE, P., MISK, A., & POUPON, A., 1975 - Rt determination in the eastern
hemisphere. Society of Professional Well Log Analysts Sixteenth Annual
Logging Symposium, Transactions, Paper LL, 1-27. •
SPWLA, 1975 - Glossary of terms and expressions used in well logging.
Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, USA, pp 74.
•
THREADGOLD, P., 1971 - Some problems and uncertainties in log interpretation.
Society of Professional Well Log Analysts Twelfth Annual Logging
Symposium, Transactions, Paper W, pp 1-19.
•
WAXMAN, M.H., &SMITS, L.J.M;, 1968 - Electrical Conductivities in oil
bearing shaly sands. Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal ,
107-122.
•
•
.,
· (j
C" ~I
,"
:. r:
" '
RECORD 19..,8/3
Tables
:/ 1-6 c
'. I"
Appendixes 1 and 2
')
_''':",1
The in:f'0rmation contained in this microfiche may not be pti~lished

,".,
without the permission in writing of the Director, Bureau of {.
:'(
Mineral Resources, Canberra.
'J
;um I F"W' -'''CIIImI&& _
--- . . . . &&
-
• ')
• •
et
TABLE lCATION EXCHANGE CAPACITIES OF CLAYS
•
%
•
CI,ay Name Formula Pma Hydrogen:' Averase CEC
• Kaolinite 2.69 . 1.5 0 .. 03" meq/gm

•
• IIIite 2.76 0.5 0.20 meq/gm
•
• Montmor-
iIIonite
2.33 0.5 '1.0 meq/gm
•
• •
.. ChIorite.
(',
Q-1g, AI, Fe) 12 (Si, AI) 8 0 20 (OH) 16 2.77 1.2 0.0 meq/gm
•
• i'·
•
.. ,,,
(\-
\,
\"~
• l;
,.
et
.,
•
CD
•
Page I of 2
r--------------- .-.-- '-"'-'-- ---- . __.__.. ---..---.....-..-.---.-..---.- --- I.· --.
TITLE (UP TO 40 CHARACTERS)
=,. ~··T--L--.L---"----"-1...L._f__J__
'----"---l"-.--
1 UJJllilW~I--,---,----,I--'---J.-\ILLL ,_
RUN DATE
I GL IHYDR IPL IRM MDPH
3 J \':
,
\;:,
NSP TEM PMF RMF DENMF TACF
1-----+-----+--'.,:---+-----+----+-----;
"0
4 'I
\
ij
,'.'
GRYMIN DENMA TACMA SSP
GRYMAX RSH DEN·SH TACSH PORNSH SPMI N '.1.
6 , , i , ,
"
"
RW DEN HYD BORE

c,
7 , 1\
.;
,
Notes:
.'
Record 1978/3 XAUS-5-414-4
Table 2 Format of input for program LOG 4

Page 20f 2
"
,
, '
- //
DPH,. GRY, GENA, PORNLt, \

TAC,
(I
PSP, , RXO, <RM, fRO, CAL
"
(,
I "
2 "
3 (~ .
4 1:.
, .
5 /
6 1'1
7
(,
8
',9
10 .' "
JI
(.
" 1(-.,
.\-.....:.
12 I',.,
13 <-
14 ,
i,,>
il
15 "
16
17
18
19
20 ,.
21 . ,. \
22 \
,<
"
"
23
24
25
,; ,
Note:-I must be entered after last line of data. Also CA L is an optional In- put parameter
i\
\
Record 1978/3 X AUS - 5- 414-5

Table 2 Format of input for program LOG 4
TABLE 3. DATA INPUT EX.PJ-1PLE - GAS HELL HITH SNP POROSITY'
LOGGAS T=00004 IS OH CRG0009 US I"lG 001096 ELKS R=8224
.. \
'
),. J:
(\
00()1 GAS WELL EXANPLE(3110-3126 M) - LOGGAS
00t12 000104-06-19
00f~::: 1.1.1.2.1.0.1,3.1,17
(j~)04 1013,110.0,0.048,0.050,1.007.205.0
(l005 20.0,2.655,55~5,59.0
0006 110.0.8.O,2.530,83.2,O.24,36.9
0007 o. 10, 0 . 26, 12 . 25
3110.9, 48.6,2.339, .124,91.27, 49.3 . 2.6, 6.7, ti7.2. 11. 01:
0009 3111 . L 46.2 . 2.342 ... 120,88.68, 49.2 . 2.7. 6.7, ~6.7. 11.02
0010 3111.2, 44.6.2.338 •.'115,87.25. 49.2, 2.6, 6.9. ;16.4. 11.02
0011 3111.4, 44.4,2.331, .119,87.04, 49.5 . 2.6, 7.2, C. 16.6, 11.03
0012 3111.6, 46.13,2.328, .120,86.92~ 50.1. 2.5, 7.5, - 17.5, 11.03
3111.7, 50.S. 2.5. 7.8, 18.5, 11.04
0014 3111.9, 46.9,2.299 •. 109,86.40. 51.4 . 2.9, 8.1. 19.2, 11. (15
0015 3112.O, 44.0,2.284, .109,85.95, 51.7, 3.5, 8.3, 19.6, 11.05
0016 3112.2, 40.3,2.286, .114.85.70. 51.9, 3.4, 8.4, 20.1, 11.06
0017 3112.3, 37.9,2.294 •. 119,85.49, 51.9, 2.8, 8.7. 21.1, 11.06
0018 ~:112. 5~ 52.O, 2.9, 9.1, 22.2, 11.07
()019 3112.6. 37.8,2.286 .. 122,85.08, 52.1, 3.0, 9.4, 23.3, 11.10
(~)02(~ 3112.8, 37.8,2.289 ... 123,85.70. 52.2, 3.5, 9.7, 24.5, 11.14
G021 3112.9. 37.2.2.312 .. 127,86.20. 52.3, 3.4, 1.0. L 25.7, 11.18
0()22 3113.1. 36.3,2.335, .131,85.52, 52.3, 3.3, 10.6, 27.2. 11.20-
'J .-•
0(12:3 3113.2, 36.1,2.358, .131,84.46, 52.4. ._1 . ..=tl 11.3, 28.8, 11.22
l?:(j24 3113.4, 36.6,2.395, .130.83.96, 52.5, 3.8, 11.9, 29.7, 11.24
3113.5, 37.9,2.346, .135,83.87, 52.6. 3.9, 12.6, 29.6, 11.25
t1026 3113.7, 40.7,2.302 .. 142,84.05, 52.7, 13.1, 30.5, 11.27
0027 3113.8, 44.8,2.265, .146,8~.94, 52.7, 3.9. 13.5, 32.2, 11.28
3114.01 48.9,2.260, .147,86.41) 52.8, 4.2, 14.0, 34.5, 11 .3ra
eH)29 3114.1, 52.1.2.263, .150,87.72. 52.9, 4.2 . 14.8, 36.9, 11.31
~)030 3114.3, 53.2,2.268, .153,88.15, 53.0, 4.1. 15.8, 39.7, 11.33
0~1::::1 3114.4, 52.9,2.275, .151,87.66, 53.1, 3.7, 17.7, 43.31 11.34
0032 3114.6, 52.9,2.233, .146.86.99, 53.2, 4.7, 20.2, 46.9, 11.36
0033 3114.8, 52.5,2.276, .142,86.64, 53.4, 5.5, 21.2, 48.1, 11.38
3114.91 50.5J2.255~ .138,86.821 53.6, 5.3) 21.(1; 47.4. 11.39 ( .
0035 3115.1, 48.3,2.253, .137,87.70, 53.9, 5.4, 21.21 48.3, 11.40
3115.2, 47.6,2.265, .140,88.47, 54.2, 5.4. 21.8, 50.4, 11.40
()(J37 3115.4, 47.3,2.269, .148.88.28. 54.7, 5.4, 22.5 . 52.9. 11.39 I,'
0(~38 3115.5, 47.2,2.271, .157,87.98, 55.3, 5.2, 23.4. 56.9, 11.39
48 .(,. 2 .273, . 1';4,.88 .44 . 55.6, 4.2. 24.4, 6(,).9, 11.39
1)04.0 3115.8J 49.5,2.275 .. 165,89.89, 55.7, 2.7, 25.9, 61. 5, 11.38
(104·1 3116.O, 51.1,2.288 •. 159,92.23, 55.5, 1.6, 28.5, 60.9, 11.34
3116.1, 52.412.314; .149/94.131 61.5. 11.15
,.... ..... 3.51 32.8, 59.5, 10.73
0043 ~
:::J4-.c.,
(~(j44 3116.4, 51.2,2.316, .122,92.99, 53.8, 5.3J :30. 8J 54.2, i0.14
00:t5 3116.6, 48.4,2.302, .113,90.29, 54.1, 5.41 27.91 48.5~ 9.52
0fi46 3116.7, 45.6.2.276, .111,88.18, 54.5, 5.6, 26.3, 44.3, 8.90
0047 3116.9,44.0,2.282, .111,87.72, 54.7, 5.0. 25.8, 42.6,
3117.0. 43.3,2.229 .. 113,87.52, C:~1
,-,-.or .
Q
-....J , 4.3, 25.9, 43.0, 8.11
55. (1, 3.71 26.31 44.4, S.04
0(150 31173, 42.7,2.289 .. 113.85.27, 55.4, 3. L 26.7, 45.8, 8.04
0051 3117.5, 42.4,2.286, .108,33.85, 56.3, 3.3, 26.4, 46.5, 3.04
(;J0S2 31176, 41.9,2.282, .103,82.80. 57.4, 4. 0, 2~;. 2, 47.O, 8.04
('()53 3117.8, 41.5,2.282, .101,82.56, 58.2, 4.4, 26.8, 48.5, 8.03
."\,- ,.,
...... -.
,~,
i,~'.t·<..t~4.
,~
3118.01 41 . 7" 2 . 288 · 102., 82 . 88 53.6, J J 4./J c./.c:.., 49.6, 8.O3

00S5 3118.1.. 42 . ;J 2 . 2S15 · 104 . 83 . 3~) , 58.8 .
,I ,I 4.5 . 26.SI, 50.3, 8.f'3
0056 3118.3, 43.0#2.2821 .1~5,83.70, 58.9, 3.9, 26.51 52.O, 8.03
0057 31i8.4., 4·1. SI . 2.252 . · H9, 84.13, 58.9 . 3.4 . 26.1'1 52.9 . 8.03 {r-
...., ....,
t")058 3118.6, 40.1..2.228, .108 . 84.63, 58.4 . -' ..~ ,
'-:0 ~.)c
L_I./ , 50.9 . 8.03 \
:'
0059 3118.7 . 38 . 5,. 2 . 230 .11O,84.9O, 57.8J J 4.4, 25.1, 46.9, 8.O3
(1(\;30 :3118 . ~~1) 37. ~3 . 2. 2~:2.' .114 . 85.03, 57.1.. 4.6, 24.2, 42.9, 8. ~'2 • -..: '.-. ~.!
(J()61 3119.O, 36 . 8., 2 . 235 ~ .119,85.4O, c- ?

__lb. '-.' 4.2, 23.0, 39.5, 8.02
0062 3119.2, 36 .9 . 2 .239 . . 123,86.35, 55.2, 3.6, 21.9, 36.9, 8.O2
(j')~3~: :3119.3 . :3.3.9.12.242 . . 125 . 87.75, 54.1, .~ .- .
..::.' ..:;).' 21.2 . :35.1.. 8.'22
0054 3119.5, 35.5,2.239, .121,88.93, 53.4, 2.9~ 21.2, 35.2, 8.02
.....
."').-, "'i' ..- ,
0(~65 3119.6, 36.1)2.224) · 117 , 8St . 41 53.0, J 2.6, c.c. . .::J, .::J/ .0, 8.02
(J(l66 3119.8J 35.8 . 2.235 .. .119,89.48, 53.2J 2.9 . J24.:3 . 42.3 . 8.02
0067 3119.9, 35.812.2471 .119,89.07, 53.4, 3.41 ?7
~...
?
• "- J 49.21 8.02
~)Q)'':;~' 3120.1 . 36. ~)., 2. 26:3~ · 118, 88 . 1(~ , 53.1, 3. ~j, 30.2, 56.9, 8.02
0069 3120.2, .-:lb.'d,C,.c..c,
. . . - '"'" . . . . , .121.86.90, 52.7,
"""""'~1
4.3, 33.O, 63.1, 8.01
(1(,(70 312E1.4, 35.3,2.276 . .12/',35.70, 52.4, 4.1.. 35.2, 68.4, 8.01
....,."j ....,
0(171 3120.5, 34·. L 2.269,. · 125 . 84 . ~31, C? ?
._It.- • '"- .1
'-:0 0
__"" . ._J" 3~3. '3 . I' ' - •.'" .' 8.tH
0072 3120.7 . 33 . (2) , 2 . 263 , . 118,83.85, 51.8, 4.3, 36.7 . 73.8, 8.01
("'07:3 312(" .3 . :31.8 . 2.248 . · 11 1.. 82 .SIQ.l . 51.0 . 4.6 . 35.7, 70.9, 8.("1
0074 3121.0, 30.8,2.236, .107 . 82.06, 50.1, 4.1.. 34.3, 66.?, 8. ()J' !>
00/5 3121.2, 29.8,2.24O, .106,81.88 . 4·9.2, 3.5, 32.81 62.5, 8.01
El076 3121.3, 29.4,2.242, · 105 . 82 .02 . 48.4, 3.3, 31.4, 58.2, 8.00
0077 3121.5, 29.4,2.243, .105,82.32, 47.4, 3.9, 30.2, 54.2, 8.00
0078 3121.6, 2'9 . 5, 2 . 244, .107,82.67, 46.4, 4.9, 29.3, 50.6, 8.O0.
0~J7~3 3121.8, 3() . 0; 2 . 24~j , .111.. 83 .02, 45.4, 5.4J 28.6J 47.5 . 8.00
0080 3121.9, 30.912.253~ 114,83.30, 44.3, 5.2, 27.9, 44.6, 8.00
(')081 :3122.1, ~:l . E;, 2.2131, · lV3, 83.48 . 43.5 . 4.8J 27.O, 41.7, 8.00
(j(~l82 3122.2, 32.1..2.279, .118,83.63, 43.1, 4.5, 25.S, 38.9, 8.00
Oi~i83 3122.4, 32.5;2.289J .119,83.78, 43. El . 4.4, 24.4, 36.4, 8.00 .. '
(,x)84 '-:0 1 .:;.:-' C

._1 .J.. ~'--
0"J'''') .:) .:> o:;.r"l·=-
_'--' • c.... .. '"- • ,-0'_1
, ,_I., .119,8:3.99, 43.1,
J 4.4, 2:::: '. 1, 34.1, 8 .~)0
i"2l085 3122.7, 34.4,2.275, .120.85.85, 43.4, 4.21 21.9, 31.9, 8.01
~~~)i3~3 ·,3122.8J 35 .6, 2 . 2135 , .122,86.17, 43.9, 4.0 . 20.7, 29.S·) 8.03
L3087 3123.O, 3.:3.9.2.263, .122,85.25, 44.1.- 3.7, 19.7, 26.9;, 8.04
0088 3123. L 38.2,2.271, .123,85.73, 43.9, 3.1., 19.3, 25.1, 8.05
O(~8:j 312:3.3/ 3~3 . ~1 2 . 257 . .125,84'.27, 43.4,
J 3.0 . 19.6, 25.O, 8.07
L3090 3123.4, 42.2,2.265, .122,82.60, 42.9, 3.9, 20.4, 26.5, 8.08
'-:"("~'-J -1
~·1I0·:'1..L
·-r-. ,. 44.5,2.279, .114,82.58, 42.6,
- I ....
.::Jl.c-·..J.O, 5.2, 21.7J 28.5, 8.10
(j()92 3123.7 . 45.2 . 2.287 . · 112 . 81 .47, 42.4, 5.9, 22.6, 29.4 . 8.11
0093 3123.9" 45.1..2.293, .116,81.7(1, 42.1, 6.0, 22.2, 28.6, 8.12
26.7, ..
0~"~34 3124.O, 45.1..2.292, .12O,82.35, 41.6, 5.8, 20.31 8.14 ~',
0095 3124.2, 50.6 . 2.291.. .124,80.78, 40.8, C __I,

....J • "J 17.7, 22.8, 8.15
00~16 3124 4, 58.2,2.261- 131,78.5O, 39.9, 4.9, 14.9, 18.O, 8.16
0097 3124.5, 66.5,2.238, · 15(1 76 . 00 , 39.1, I 4.2, 12.1, 13.4, 8.18
L30~j3 3124.7, 76.4,2.224, .201..72.31, 38.7, 3./J 9.3, 9.6, S.27
00;~1~~1 3124.8, 88.0/2.198, .283 . 68.11, 38.4J 2.5, 7.1, 7 .0, 8.71
01(1('1 3125.0, 97.5,2.142 . .362 . 67.38, 37.9, 1 . E;, 5.7 . 5.5, 9.58
01 E,il 3125.1,107.3,2.076, .400,82.84, 37.2, 1.5, 4.81 5.0, 10.56
~)t')2 :3125. :3, 105.4 . Z.C)16, · 372 ~~19 . :31 36, ~3J J J
" J 4.3;
..=-. 4.5, 11.55
13103 3125.4,100.8,1.981, .339,113.2, 3?3 . ·1 "J
.J. • '_' J 4.0 . 4.2, 12.46
(.1104 3125.6, 96 . 4, 2 . 106, .31 L 111.5, 38.0, 2.9, 4.1.. 4.2, 12.57
CjH~S 3125.7, ~36 5 2 231 ) .276,102.5, 38.4,
0 J 0 3.4, 4.5, 4.6, 11.25
0106 3125.9, 97.5)2.357, .243,93.32, 38.3, 2.6, 4.9, 5.1, 9.62 "
C't--i
_I.L r;,()/
..' 3126.0, 96.2,2.466, .212,88.30, 37.7, 2.4, 5.1.. 5.4, 8.67
()108 -1
I. \~
U'
/;
()
(I
TABLE 4. DATA INPUT EXAMPLE - OIL \.JELL \olITH NEUTRON POROSITY
LOGO I L T=00004 I S O/'~ CR00009 US 1NG 0121096 ELKS R=§000
0001 OIL tJELL EXA~1PLE (2388--2436 ~1) - LOGO I L

0002 000104-06-79
0003 2.1,1,0,1,1,1,3,3,17
()1)04 3.Z913 . 1.0227
0005 59,88.0,0.0075,121.32,1.0,6.201
0006 20.O,2.65,1.821,-72.0
150.0,5.0,2.56,2.5S,0.26 . -30.0
0003 o.05. 0 .8 , 12 .;::5
OOO~i ~3SS5,30.0,2.35,1179. ,2 55,-45.0,15.0,20.0,40.0
\)010 23890 . 30.0,2.35,1193. ,2.50,-45.0,14.0,70.O,300.0
0011 2390.O,30.O,2.35,1179. ,2.60,-45.0,12.O,70.O,300.0
,,-~ ....
.:',,-! 1.
I -:.
c.. 23910,30.O,2.35,1179. ,2.62,-45.0,12.0,55.0>250.0 I)
(11)13 2391 . 8 , 3(\ . .;) . 2 . 29 . 1179. , 2 . 70 . -45 . 0 . 13 . ~?t, 55 . 0, 20(1 . 0

0014- 2392.5,30.0,2.25,1078.,2.70,-45.0,11.0,70.0,150.0
0015 2393.2,30.0,2.28,1078.,2.65,-45.0,12.0,40.0,120.0
OOiE. 2394.0,30.0,2.30,1102.,2.80,-45.0,8.0,25.0,100.0
0017 2395 0,30.0,2.30,1030.,2.82,-45.,10.0,22.0,90.0
2396.2 . 300 . 2.26,985.,2.80,-45.0 . 9.0,20.0 . 20.0
0019 2402.0.45.O,2.32,941. ,2.68,-30.O,11.0,20.O,20.0
002(~' 2404 5,28.O,2.30,1030. ,280,-30.0,10.0,20.0,40.0
24052,300,2.27,1007. ,2.80 . -40.O,8.0,20.O,50.0
0022 24060,29.0,2.26,963.0,2.80,-50.0,9.0,30.0,40.0
~)")2'.3 240 7 0,28.O,2.28,1007. ,2.70,-50.0 . 10.0,20.0,50.0
2407.5,27.O,2.32,974. ,2.75,-55.0,10.0,22.0,40.0
2403.O,29.O,229,985. ,2.78,-60.0,90.0 . 38.0,40.0
24085,30.0,2.24,963.0,2.70,-60.0,10.0,40.0,60.0
2409 0,28. t). 2.30,985. ,2 .72, -60 .0 . 11) . 0.,40.0,60. l)
2409.5,32.0,2.23,996.0,2.70,-60.0,10.0,30.0,50.0
0029 2412.O,350,229,963. ,2.65 . -65.O,10.O,30.0 . 30.0
0030 2412.5,25.O,2.32,1078. ,2.69,-65.O,7.O,21.O,40.0
2412.8,22.0,2.35,1054.,2.70 . -65.0,9.0,20.0,40.0
2413.1,220,2.27,1042. ,2.71,-68.0,9.0,20.0 . 30.0
0033 2414.0,220,225,1030. ,2.79,-65.,7.5,18.0,25.0
2414.3 . 250,225.1102.,2.75.-70.0,7.0,15.0,26.0
24152,25.0,2.32,1127.,2.65,-70.0,7.0,20.0,28.0
2416.0~25.0J2.27J1179.J2.62)-70.0J9.0J40.0~40.0
2416.5,25 O,2.33,1026. ,2.65,-70.0 . 10.0 . 45.0,60.0
2417 2,28.0~2.35,1179 2.70~-70.0,10.0J50.0J10000
24180,29.0,2.30,1115 .. 2.62,-72.0,9.0,60.0,130.0
24 i 8 . ~, 30 . () ~ 2 . 33 , 1179 2 . 65 -65 . (1, 12 000' 55 . 0 100 0
I 0 J or I 0
2419.5,30.O,2.31,1166.,2.60,-65.O,9.O,30.0,100.O
2420.5 . 30.0 . 2.28.1179 .• 2.65 . -60.0,9.0,35.0,70.0
24214,45.0.2.31,1179 .. 2.65,-50.0,10.0,19.0,20.0
24215,75.0,2.36,1193.,2.65,-50.0,10.0,19.0,20.0
24220,520,2.42,1179.,2.60,-45.0 . 10.O . 20.O,20.0
0046 24231,55.O,223.963.0.2.90,-42.O,2.O,17.O,18.0
2423 8,600,2.24,985.0,2.36,-40.0,8.0,17.0,18.0
2424.2,50 0,226,941.0,300,-50.0,9.0,19.0,19.0
c,::'04'::i 2424 2.500,221,920. ,2.95,-48.0,10.0,20.0,20.0
(':~V=,(,! 2425 4,62 0,2.26,963.0,2.80,-45.0,10.0,22.0,25.0
2425 g,60.0,221,890.0,2.65,-42.G,11.0,20.0,30.0
0052 2426 4,600,225,996.0,250,-40.0,15.0,30.0,30.0
0053 2427.0.900.2.28.931.0.2.80.-38.0.9.0.1S:0.1S.0
0054 2427.2,150.0,2.25.890.0.2.85,-36.0,12.0,12.0,12.@
0055 2427.9.135.0.2.32.870.0.2.85.-38.0.10.0.12.0.12.0
0056 2428.2.105.0.2.27.841.0.2.70.-40.0.11.0.12.0.15.0
2429.O.80.0.2.34.920.0.2.80.-42.O,12.O.12.O,15.0
2429.5.90.0.2.38.963.0.2.75.-40.0.11.0.12.0.14.0'
2430.0.35.0.2.25,963.0,2.40.-42.0.12.0.12.0.12.0
O(l130 2430.3.22.O,2.36,1153 .. 2.45.-42.0.10.0.10.0.10.0
0061 2431.0.20.0.2.31.1140 .. 2.68.-45.0.8.0.8.0.3.0
2432.0,25.O,2.27,1166 .. 2.80.-48.0.7.0.7.O,7.0
0063 2433.0.28.0.2.35.1206 .. 2.80.-40.0.9.O,8.0.7.0
Oi?!64 2433.8.35.0.2.35,1206.,2.75.-42.0.10.0.9.O,8.0
0065 2434.2,72.O,2.37,1102 .. 2.60.-40.O,15.O,8112.0,8.0
0065 2435.0.48.0.2.43.1153 .. 2.80,-40.0.14.0.12.0.10.0
0067 2435.5.4S.0,2.35,1030 .. 2.80,-30.0,15.0.15.0,15.0
0068 -1
TABLE 5. EXAJvlPLE GAS WELL OUTPUT
COHrIDEHTIAL
GAS WELL EXAMPLE(3110-3126 tt!) - LOGGAS 0001 ;: 04--06-79
SUMMARY OF COMPUTATION PARAMETERS
NUMBER OF SAMPLE POINTS ==10'0.
FOR~"AT I ON TEMP. . == 1110.0 CENTIGRADE 2310. (FAHRENHEIT)
MUD FILTRATE PROPERTiES

SALINITY (PPM NACL EG.) ==.0480
RES I ST I VI TY ( OH~tl-METRE ) == .0500 AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS
DEr~S I 'T~( ( Gt~/CC ) ==1.007
I NTER\lAL TRAHS I T T I ME ( MUSEC/Ctr1 ) ==6.726 '205.0(MUSEC/FT)
11\ATR I >< PROPER, I ES
GAMt/1A RAY MINIMUMCAPI UNIT) == 20.

DENS I T~( ( Gt~/CC ) =2.655
INTERVAL TRANSIT TIME(MUSEC/CM) ==1.821 55.5(lr1USEC/FT)
STAT I C SPONTAHEOUS POTE!'IT I AL (1vIV) = 59.0
"
SHALE PROPERTIES
GAt-rlMA RAY IrjAX It-rlUtr1 CAP I UN IT) =1113.

RES I ST IVI TY ( OHt~-tdETRE ) = 8.130
DEHSITY (GM/CC) =2.53
I ~nERV~lL TRAHS I T T I t'rlE ( MUSEC/O~ ) =2.730 83 "2 (t,1USEC/FT )
NEUTRON POROSITY (LST UNIT) =.2410
SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL (MV) = 3G.9
i
,~
RLJ-FO~:t'1AT ION L'JATE~: RES" (OH~11-t'1ETRE) = .1000

HYDROCARBON DEI··IS ITY ( GltI/CC) =:.260
BOREHOLE/BIT SIZE (INCHES) =12.2S
NOTE ( 1 )" :+::t;f. CUT-OFF LI ttI ITS *:+::-t:

POROSITY = 10 PERCENT; SW = 55 PERCENT ;SHALE VOLU~lE = 70 PERCENT
(
t'lOTE ( 2). SNP NEUTRON LOG USED.
"),'
HOTE(3). FINAL POROSITY IS FROM N-D.
... &ql lP"'Q=-P ....... ; "!'" ,4
~ ;
" "
COi'lFIDENTIAl
GAS l.iJElL EXAMPLE(3110-3126 I'rD LOGGAS ~ 0001 134-06-79
SU~1MARY OF LEVEL-B'r'-LEVEL INPUT
-------------------------------_.
SAMPLE DEPTH GAlYiMA DEHSITY 'NEUTRO"~ INTERVAL ,PSEUDO FLUSHED tr1EDIUI1i ' DEEP
'NUMBER BRT RAY POROSITY TRANSIT >$p. , ZONE ZONl=: ZONE,
THo1E , (t·1 ILLI VOlTS) <--------RESI STI VITY--------)
(M) «FT)) (API ut--nT) (GM/CC) (FRAC) (LST UNIT) (MLJSEC/CM) <----------OHM~METRE----, ---~-->
, ( (toiUSEC/FT) )
,~
1 3110 .9 0132136. ) 49. (2.34.) .192 .124 2.99(' 91.3) 49.3 .2.613 6.70 17.213
2 3111.1 (10207. ) 46. (2.34) .190 .12121 2.9U 88.7) 49.2 2.70 6.710 16.70
3 3111.2(113207. ) 45. (2.34) .192 .115 2.86( 87.3) - 49.2 2.60 6.90 16.40
4 3111. 40102138. ) 44. (2.33) .197 .119 2.8G( 87.0) 4g,_ .-.....Jc: 2.60 7.20 16.60
5 3111. 6( 1102109. ) 46. '(2.33) .198 .12121 2.85( 86.9) 50.1 2.50 ,7 .50 '71 17.50
6 3111.7(113209. ) 48. (2.32) .202 .115 2.85( 86.8) 5121.8 2.5121 7.80 18.50
7 3111 .9 (113210. ) {47. (2.' 3~'::l) .216 '.109 /-.'
~rr 2.83( 86.4) , 5,1.4 2.913 8.10 19.20
8 3112. e0021e. ) 44. (2.28) .225 .le9 2.82( 85.9) 51.7 3:50 8.310 19.60
9 3112.2(10211.) 40. (2.29) .224 .114 2.81C 85.7) 51.9 3.40 8.40 20.10
H) 3112. 3C1El211. ) 38. (2.29) ,219 .119 2.80( 85.,5), 5'1.9 2.810 8.70 21.10
11 3112.5(110212. ) 37 (2.30) .214 .123 2.79( 85.1) 52.0 2.90 9.10 22.20
12 3112.6(10212.) 38. (2.29) .224 .122 2.79( 85.1.) 52.1 3.00 9.40 23.30
13 3112 .8 (1e213 _) 38. (2.29) .222 .123 2.81( 85.7) 5';;-
,-.Co " ,3.50 9.70 24.50
3112.900213. ) , 37. (2.31)
r
14- .208 .127 2.83( 86.2) 52.,3 3.40 10.10 25.70

15 3113 . 1 (10214 _) 36. (2.34) .194 .131 2,81( 85.5) 52.3 3.30 10.60 27.20
16 31L~. 2<10214. ) 36. (2.36) .180 .131 2.77( 84.5) 52.4 3.30 11.30 '28.80
17 3113.4(10215. ) 37. (2.39) .158 ,,130 2.75( 84.0) 52.5 3.80 11.90 29.7\1
l 'Q.... 3113.5(10215. ) 38: (2.35) ,187 .135 2.75( 83.9) 52.6 3.90 12.60 29. ~30
19 3113.7(10216. ) 41'. (2.30) .214 .142 2.76( 84.1) 52.7 3.90 13.10 30.50
!~
20 3113.8(10216. ) 45. (2.26). .237 .146 2.79( 84.9) 52.7 3.90 13.50 32.20
21 3114. G( 10217. ) 49. (2.26) .240 .147 2.83( 86.4) '52.8 ' 4.20 14.00 34.50
22 3114.1(1121217.) 52. (2.26) .238 .150 2.88( 87,.7) 52.9 4.20 14.80 36.913
'':1.:)
i....,j 3114.3(10218. ) 53. (2.27) •
';r:)C
a-~-...J •
1 c':)
...;,).,j 2.89( 88.1) 53;0 4.10 15.80 39.70
24 3114',4(10218. ) 53. (2.28) ,231 .151 2.88( 87.7) 153.1 3.70 17~70 43.30
25 3114.6(10219. ) 53. (2.28) .226 .146 2.85( 87.0) , 53.2 ' '~.7e ,20.20 46. 9~?)
r,-.
26 3114. S( 10219. ) 0..:1. (2.28) .230 .142 2.84( 86.6) 53.4 5.50 -21.20 48.10
i 27 3114.9(10219. ) . 51. (2;28) .243 .:138 2.85( '86.8) <'E3.13 - 5,:30 .h.
' L\
21.00 47.40
28 3115.H 10220. ) 48. (2.25) .244 .137 ~, 2.88( 87.7) 53.9 5.40 21.20 48. 3~)
29 3115.2(10220.) 48. (2.2E)) .237 .140 2.90( 88.5) 54.2 5.40 21.80 50,40
30 3115.4(10221.) '47. (2.27) .234, .148 2.80( 88.3) 54.7 ' 5.40 22.50 52.90
31 3115.5(10221.) 47. (2.27) ?":J":J
. i-..Jo.-J .
It:...,
....J/ 2.89( 88.0) c:c:
__,_'. ":J o..-J 5.20 23.40 513.90
.-,,.., 3115 .7 (10222. )
...:>e. 48. (2.27) .232 .164 2.90( 88.4) 55.6 4.20 24.40 60.90
33 3115. 8( 10222. ) 50. (2.28) .231 .165 2.95( 89.9) 55.? 2.70 25.90 61.50
34 3116. 0( 10223. ) 51. (2.29) .223 .159 3.e3( 92.2)
.~
55.5 1.60 28.50 60.90
..:i:::' ..:JL.lb .. L ~ l.'OC:C..:J. ) : .. ~c.,'.' ~C . ..:Jl.) .c.lC)/ ::LLj.~ ,..j.'d~~ :::l'l-. 1) , =.0'10.::;) 1.(:5'<) ...: H.o\::.'l 'b1.=.o"J
36 3116. 3( 10224. ) 53. (2.32) .205 .135 3.10( 94.4) 54.2 3.50 32.80 59.50
37 3116.4(10224. ) 51' . (2.32) .206 .122 3. ~15( 93.0) 53.8 5.30 3~?J . 8~3 54.20
38 3116. 6( 10225. ) 48. (2.30) .214 ......~113 2.96( 90.3) 54.1 5.40 27490 48,50
39 3116.7(10225.) 46. (2.28) .230 .111 2.89( 88.2) 54.5 5.60 26.30 44.30
40 3116.900226. ) 44. (2.28) .226 .111 2.88( 87.7) 54.7 5.00 25.80 42.60
41 3117.0(10226.) 43. (2.29) .222 .113 2.87( 87.5) 54.8 ,4.30 25.90 43.00
42 :3117. 2( 10227 . ) d'-'
,.::J • (2.313) .218 .115 2.84( 86.6) 55.0 3.70 26.30 44.40
43 3117. 3( 10227. ) 43. (2.29) .222 .113 2.80( 85.3) 5.5.4 3.10 26.70 45.80
44 3ii7.5(il)228. ) 4'::;'
'- . (2.2:=l) .224 . il)8 2.75( 83.9) 56.3 3.30 2l3. 4(~l 46. 5~)
.-- .... ,.._ .... E'II _ _' _
..._Gf'IIIIQp ____ ~ .. ,,1Wl' .. , ....... t:llWl_IlOIA!I~ •.1olIIWi "I!I1 .....1l..,.,,~
---~,~~----
i' , Cl .'.:'1',
45 3117, GC 10228. ) 42. (2.28) .226 ".103 2.72( 82.8) 57.4 I: 4.00 26.20 47.00'
46 ,3117. 8( 10229. ) 4"~
'- . (2.28) .226 .101 2.71( 82.6) 58.2 4.40 26.80 48.50
4 ....
..'" 3118.0(1'21230.1 42. (2.29) .223 . .102 2.72( 82.9) 58.6 4.70 27.20. 49.60
48 3118.1 (lE)230. ) 43. (2.3(2» .218 .104 2.73( 83.3) 58.8 4.50 26.90 50.3'.1
49 3118. 3( 10231. ) 43. (2.28) .226 .105 2.75( 83.7) 58.9 3.9(1 2'3.50 52.00
50 3118. 4( H1231. ) 42. (2.25) .245 .107 2.76( 84.1) 58.9 3 .4~) 26.10 52.90
51 3118. B( 10232. ) 40. (2.r?3) .259 ,108 ,2.78( 84.6) 58.4 3.70 25.70 513.913
52 3118.7 (1()232. ) 39. (2.23) .258 .110 2.79( 84.9) 57.8 4.40 25.10 46.90
53 3118. 9( 10233. ) 37. (2.23) .257 .114 ,2.79( 85.13) 57.1 4.60 2(~. 2121 42.90
54 3119. ~J( H1233. ) :.:p
•..od • (2.24) .255 .119 2.80( 85.4) . 56.2 4.20 23.00 39.50
55 3119. 2( 10234.) 37. (2.24) .252 .123 2.83( 86.4) 55.2 3.60 21.90 36.90
56 3119. 3( 10234. ) 37. (2.24) .251 .125 2.88( 87.8) 54.1 3.30 21.20 35.10
57 3119.5(10235.) 37. (2.24) .252· ' .121 2.92( 88.9) 53.4 2.90 21.20 35.2(2)
58 3119. 6C 10235. ) 36. (2.22) .262 .117 2.93( 89.4) 53.0 2.60 22.30 37.80
59 3119. 8( 1(\236. ) 36. (2.24) .255 ,119 2.94( 89.5) 53.2 2.90 24.30 42.3E\
60 311S1. 9( 10236. ) 36. (2.25) .248 .119 2.92( 89.1) '53.4 3.40 27.20 49.20
,61 3120.1(10237.) 36. (2.26) .238', .118 2.89( .88.1) 53.1 3.90 30.20 56.9l21
62 3120. 2( 10237. ) 36. (2.28) .227 .121 2.85( 86.9) 52.7 4.30 33.00 63:10
63 3120.4(10238.) 35. (2.28) .230 .127 2.81(, 85.?), 52.4 4.10 35.20 68.40
64 3120.500238. ) 34. (2.27) .234 .125, 2.78( 84.6) 52.2 3.90 ,l'e
..:::J::J • 60 72.70
65 3120.7(10239.) 33. (2.26) .238 .118 2.75( 83.9) 51.8 4.30 36.70 73.80
...........,
66 3120. 8C 10239. ) ..:::JC-. (2.25) .247 .111 2.72( 82.9) 51.0 4.60 35.70 70.90
['7
:::>, 3121. 0C 10240. ) 31. (2.24) .254 " .107 2.69( 82.1) 50.1 4.10 34.30 66.70
68 3121.2(10240.) 30. (2.24) .252 .106 2.69( 81.9) 49.2 3.50 32.80 62.50
69 3121.3(1024'21.) 29.' (2.24) .251 '.105 2.69( 82.0) 48.4 3.30 31.40 58.20
70 3121.5(1121241.) 29. (2.24) .250 .105 2.70( 82.3) 47.4 3.90 30.20 54.20
71 3121. 6( 10241. ) 30. (2.24) .249 .107 2.71( 82.7) 46.4 4.90 29.30 50.60
72 3121. 8( 10242. ) 30. (2.25) .246 .111 2.72( 83.0) 45.4 5.40 28.60 47.50
.........
/.,:1 3121.9(10242.) 31. (2.25) .244 .114 2.73( 83.'3) 44.3 5.20 27.90 44.6()
74 3122. 1 ( 1(~243. ) 32. (2.26) .239 .116 2.74( 83.5) 43.5 4, 8(~ 27. El0 41.70
75 '3122.2 ( 10243. ) 32. (2.28) .228 .118 2.74( 83.6) 4,3.1 4.50 25.81~ 38.90
7~
".b 3122. cH 10244. ) 33. (2.29) .222 .119 2.75( 83.8) 43.0 4.40 24.40 36.40
77
.' , 3122.5(10244. ) 33. (2.29) .224 .119 2.76( 84.0) 43.1 4.40 23.10 34.10
78 3122.7(10245. ) 34. .? ~Q'
I. '- . .:....... ) .231 .120 2.82( 85.9) 43.4 4.219 21.90 31.90
79 3122.8(10245. ) 36. (2.26) .237 .122 2.83( 86.2) 43.9 4.00 20.70 29.50
80 3123.0(10246. ) 37. C2.26) --=-'",)0
. e-..... u .122- 2.80( 85.3) 44.1 3.70 19.70 26.90
?-,-,
,81 3123.1(10246. ) 38. (2.27) .......:::J..:::J • 1"'0'
C-..:::J 2.81( 85.7) 43.9 3.10 19.30 25.10
82 3123.3(1121247. ) 4121. (2.26) , .242 .125 2.76( 84.3) 43.4 3.00 19.60 25.00
83 3123.4(10247. ) 42. (2.26) .237 .122 2.71( 82.6) 42.9 3.90 20.40 26.50
84 3123.6 (1l~248. ) 45. . (2.28) .228 .114 2.71( 82~6) 42.6 5.20 21.70 28.50
QC
0..J ___
3123.7 ( 10248. ) 45. (2.29) .223 .112 2.67( 81.5) 42.4 5.90 22.60 29.40
86 3123.9(10249. ) 45. (2.29) .220 .116 2.68( 81.7) 42.1 6.00 22.20 28.60
87 3124 .,0 ( 10249. ) 45. (2.29) , .220 .120 2.70C 82.4) 41.6 5.80 20.30 26.70
88 3124.2(10250. ) 51. (2.29) .221 .124- 2.65( 80.8) 40.8 '5.30 17.70 22.80
tst::! :..:l1~4 .4 ( 1(::'~~1 . ) b8. (~. d) . ~:3:; · :.:31 2:. !:::J~ r. /8.S) :..:l~. ~j 4.~0 14.~M U:::.00
90 3124.5(10251. ) 67. (2.24) .253 .150 2.49C 76.0) 39.1 4.20 12.10 13.~
91 3124.7(10252. ) 76. (2.22) .262 .201·' 2.37( 72.3) 3 '-'
Q . .,
, 3.70 9.30 9.60
92 :3124.8(10252.) n"-J
00. (2.20) .277 ,'28:3 2.23( 68. f) 38.4 2.50 7.10 7.00
93 3125.0(10253. ) 98. (2.14) .311 .362 2.21( 67.4) 37,9 1.60 5.70 5.50
94 3125.1(10253. ) 107. (2.08) .351 .400 2.72( 82.8) 37.2 1. 5~l 4.80 5.00
"95 3125.3(10254. ) 105. (2.02) .388 .372 3.26( 99.3) 36.9 .90 4.30 4.50
96 3125. 4( 10254. ) 101. Cl.98) .409 .339 3.71(113.2) 37.3 1.30 4.00 4.20
97 3125.6(10255.) 95. (2.11) .333 .311 3.66(111.5) 38.0 2.90 4.10 4.20
98 :3125.7 ( 1(1255. ) 97. (2.23) . L·__ ..... ~C-;J
.276 3.36(102.5) :38.4 3.40 4.50 4.60
99 3125.9(10256.) 98. (2.36) .181 .243 3.06( 93.3) 38.3 2.60 4.90 5.10
6NiZtL .. tI ... .. l 1 'C&WA£2Si! GlC&&1WiCtli£iA4ii===ti
'H\\
100 3i26. C( 10258. ) 96. (2.47) .115 .212 2.83( 86.3) 37.7 2.40 5.10 IS~40
!}\\
COt~F IDENT IAL
GAS l;JELL EXAMPLE (3110-3126 M) - LOGGAS 0001 04-06-79
SAMPLE DEPTH SHALE DE~lSITY NEUTRON DENSITY NEUTRON SHR ITER':'"
NUMBER N-D
VOLUME <-SHALE CORRECTED-> <HYDROCARBON CORRECTED> ATION POROSITY
___ >
(-----------------------------------FRACTI ONAL----------~--------------------- ~:
;'/
1 3110.9 .318 2.40(.156) .068 2. 46( .121) .115 .351 10 .124
2 3111.1 .2$1 2. 40( .156) .071 2.46(.121) .119 .3G0 10 .121
3 3111.2 .273 2. 39( .159) .. 071 2. 39( .159) .071 0.00 2 .194
4 3111.4 .271 2. 38( .164) .076 2. 3S( .164) .076 0.013 2 .198
5 3111. 6 .289 2. 38( .164) .072 2.45(.126) i
.125 .375 10 .126
6 3111.7 .307 2. 38( .167) .062 2.45(.124) )
;:l20 .395 le .'126 ,(
7 3111.9 .299 2. 36( .181) .058 2. 45( .127) .132 .473 10 .125
8 3112.6 .267 2. 34( .193) .667 2. 43( .136) .145 .508 16 .133
9 3112.2 .226 2. 33( .195) .083 2. 33( .195) .083 0.00 3 .238
10 3112.3 .199 2. 34( .192) .095 2.41(.147) .156 .419 10 .144
11 3112.5 .193 2. 35( .187) .101 2.41(.147) .155 .395 10 .144
12 3112.6 .198 2. 33( .197).. .099 2.41C .152) .. 161 .432 10 .148
1"..=J ~:112.8 :198 2 . 3:3 ( . 195) .100 2.41(.151) , .16(~ .444 10 .148
14 3112.9 .191 2. 36( .181) .105 2.41(.147) ....oc
.153 • ..::JU..;J 10 .144
15 3113.1 .181 2. 38( .168) .112 2. 38( .168) .112 0. 0(~ 2 .190
16 3113.2 .179 2. 40( .1S5) .113 2. 42( .140) .132 .201 1 .144
17 3113.4 .184 2. 44( . :1.32) .110 2. 44( .132) .1HJ 0.C10 1 .140
18 3113.5 .199 2. 39( .160) .111 2. 42( .140) .139 .281
,7
1 .141
19 3113.7 ,230 2. 35( .185) .110 2. 39( .158)
? ___ '-cc -?-.-. .146 .338 1 .163
20 3113.8 .276 L. • .:Jc. ( . <-04 ) .102 2. 40( .157) .165 .475 10 .154
21 3114.13 .266 2.31(.207) .105 2. 39( .161)
.-".-" .169 .485 10 .157
C_Co 3114.1 .244 2.31 ( .207) .114 2.31 ( .207) .114 Q.1.00
23 3114.3
2 .244
.220 2 .32( .206) .124 2. 38( .169) .174 .421 1 .168
24 3114.4 .193 2 .32( .204) .129 2 .32( .2(4) . 1·.... q
_c:..~ 0.00 2 .233
25 3114.6 .168 2. 32( .201) ~131 2 .32( .201) .;:>
.131 13.00 ~ .228
26 3114.8 .160 2 .32( .2(6) .129 2. 39( .161) .190 .504 1 .150
?7
'-" 3114.9 .165 2. 30( .218) .124 2 . 37 ( . 173).
--.r-. .186 .505 1 .167
c.c. 3115.1 .159 2. 29( .220) .124 2 .29( .220) .124 0.00 2 .257
29 3115.2 .217 2.31 ( .2(?J8)· .111 2 .3U .208)
-,rA .111 0.L30 ....
? .24(3
·":"0 3115.4 .195 2.31C .207) .125 2. 39( .163) .186 .500 1 .155
31 3115.5 .167 2.31( .208) .142 2. 39( . 161)
.-:;.~
.207 .512 1 .143
...J'- 3115.7 .154 2 .31C .208) l C'-'<...
.':)
2 .39( .163)
. .214 .470 1 .144
33 3115.8 .148 2 .3l< .207) .155 2.31C .207) .155 0.00 2 .228
34 3116.0 .158 2. 33( .199) .146 2. 33( .199) .146 0.00 2 .219
35 3116.1 .156 2 .35( .183) .137 2.35( .183) .....
.137 0.00 .:::,,, .201
36 3116.3 .171 2 .36(".180) .119 2 .40 ( .156) .152 .303 1 .158
37 3116.4 .210 2. 36( .178) .095 2.41 ( . 15(J) .134 .391 1 .156
38 3116.6 .158 2. 34( .190) .100 2 .40C .158) .145 .426 1 .162
39 3116.7 .186 2 .32( .204) .091 2 .32C .2(4) .091 0.00 2 .248
4() 3116.9 .195 2 . 33 ( . 1:39 ) .~?88 2. 33( .199) . 0~'J 0.00
41 3117.0
·00 2 .243
.190 2 .33( .196) .092 2. 33C .196) .092 0.00 2 .236
42 3117.2 .181 2.34( .192) .096 2. 34C .192) .096 .-,
0.00 Co .229
43 3117.3 .163 2 .33(.198) .099 2. 40( .152) .162 .438 10 .148
44 3117.5 ........
1?::;' 2 .32(.203) .105 2. 40C .157) .168 .444- 10 .153
45 3117.6 .072 2 .3H .209) .113 2.31 ( .209) ...,
.113 0.00 Co .2'l6
413 3117.8 .036 2.31< .211) .121 2. 37( .174) .173 .430 1 .174
47 3118.0 .018 2.31 ( .2(9) .127 2. 38( . 169) .182 .453 1 .164
48 3118.1 .009 2. 32( .206) . 1'":)':;' 2. 38( .166)
_le-. .185 .442 1 .15~3
49 3118.3 .0135 2. 30( .214) .134 2. 37( .176) .186 .418 1 .171
50 3118.4 .1005 2. 27( .232) .136 2. 27(.232) .136 0.00 ~t'~ 2 .270
51 3118.6 .027 2. 25( .245) .131 2 .32( .2(1)
I.
/.,
.192 .448 1 .204 it
52 3118.7 .054 2. 26( .242) .125 2. 33C .195) U
Co':)
.190 .484 1 .197
.....".J 3118. ~j .086 2. 2G( .238) .121 2. 34( \\192) .184 .487 1 .195
54 3119.0 . 1""'"
c../ 2. 27( .233) .115 "
2. 36( .178) .191 .521 10 .173
55 3119.2 i /.;- 2.28( .227) .107 2 .37(.1,71)
• ,L-
.184 .508 10 .166
58 3119.3 .188 2 .29( .224) .104 2. 38( .169) .181 .495 10 .164
57 3119.5 .183 2. 28(.226) .102 2 ..38( .168) .182 .489 le .163
58 3119.6 .179 2.2?(.236) .099 2 .37( .172) .187 .500 10 .165
59 3119.8 .176 2.28( .229) .102 2. 38( .170) .184- .495 10 .164
60 3119.9 .153 2. 29( .224) .108 2 .29( .224) . 108 0.00 ?
"- .269 le .
61 3120.1 .178 2.31 ( .212j .10121 2.39( .160) .172 .499 10 .156
G'-:'
-c::. ~~12'~ .2 .144 2 . 32 ( . 2~)4 ) .112 ....,
2. 32( .204) .112 0.00 C- .240
63 3120.4 .098 2.31(.210) .131 2.31(.210) .131 0.00 ....
? .242
64 3120.5 .043 2.29(.219) .143 2. 29( .219) .143 0.00 2 .248
65 3120.7 0.00 2. 28( .226) .148 2.36( .178) .213 .484 1 .164
66 312121.8 .071 2. 28( .229) .122 2. 3S( .186) .182
,=.-, .475 1 .187
W/ 3121.0 .114 2 . 27 ( . 2:33 ) .106 2 .27( .233) .106 0.00 2 .283
68 3121.2 .109 2. 27( .231) .107 2 .37( .173)
69 3121.3
.187 .513 le .167
.104 2. 28C. 231) .107 2.28( .23.1) .107 0.00 2 .279
70 3121.5 .104 2. 28(.230) .10? 2 .28( .230) .1137 0.130 2 . 2""'/06
:->
71 3121.6 .106 2 . 28 ( . 229) - .109 2. 37( .173) .186 .546 10 .168
72 3121.8 .111 2. 28( .226) .111 2 .28( .226) .;-
-,.":) .111 0.00 .... .271
."" "-' 3121.9 .121 2. 29( .223) .111 2. 36( .180) .170 .485 1 .184
74 3122.1 ;129 2.30(.217) .111 2. 36( .178) . .456
.165 1 .183
75 3122.2 .134 2. 32( .206) .112 2. 37( .171) .160 .419 1 .175
76 3122.4 .139 2. 33( .199) .112 2. 38( .167)
-,..., .157 .401 1 .1713
,'" .1'" 3122.5 .147 2. 32( .2(1) .109 2. 38( .168) .154
. -'0 .400 1· .173
./ i_" 3122.7 .160 2. 32( .2(6) .10? 2. 39( .160) .170 .478. 10 .156
79 3122.8 .173 2.31 ( .211) .105 2.31 ( .211) .11215 ·2
0.00 .253
80 3123.0 .188 2.3l< .211) .101 2.31 ( .211) .101 0.00 2 .255
81 3123.1 .202 2. 32( .206) .098 2. 32( .206)
0'-'
.098 0.130 2 .247
oc:. 3123.3 .221 2. 30( .213) .095 2. 39( .159) .170
n ..... .476 10 .154
O-.J 3123.4 .247 2 .32( .206) .085 2.41 ( .151) .161 .515 10 .147
i34 ::::12:3 . ~=; .272 2 . 33 ( . 1:35 ) .070 2 . 43 ( . 1.J~3) .148 . 55S1 10 .13G
25 3123.7 .280 2. 34C .190) .066 2. 43( .135) .142 .572
{.
113 .132
86 3123.9 . 279 2 . 35 ( . 186) . .071 2.35( .la::i) .071
':;""7
'0.00 2 .232
,_..../ :3124.0 .27~3 2.35( .187) .075 2. 35( .187) .:':'-:5 0.vX~
0 0 2 .231
,->u 3124.2 .340 2. 3S( . ·183) .062 2. 3S( .183) .06? 0.00 2 .230
89 :3J.24.4 .424 2 .33( .195) .046 2 .44( .131) .134 .586 10 .130
90 3124.5 .517 2 .32( .202) .040 2. 43( .134) .134
I'
.583 10 .1134
91 3124.7 .627 2 .32( .2(2)
92 3124.8
.1362 2. 42( .144) .142 C'J'J
. '-J--.J_1 10 .1~45
.756 2.32(121.1210) 121.00 '. 2.42(0.00) 121.121121 0.00 0 121.0'.1
93 3125.0 .861 2.32(121.00) 121.0121 2.42(0.00) 121.00 0.'.10 0 el.0El
94 3125.1 .970 2.32(0.0121) 121.00 2.42(0.00) 0.00 '0.'0121 0 0.00
95 3125.3 .949 2.32(0.00)
96 3125.4
0.00 2.42(13.00) 121.013 o .I2K~ 0 0.0(;;l
.898 2.32(121.00) 0.1210 2.42(121.1210) 121.0121 0.00 0 0.0121
97 3125.6 .849 2.32(121.1210) 0.1210 2.42(0.00) 121.121121 0.00 0 0. ~l0
98 3125.7 .85121 2.32('21.00) 0.00 2.42(0.1210) 0.00 0.'.10 0 0.00
99 3125.9 .861 2.32(0.1210) 121.00 2.42(0.1210) 121.1210 0.121121 121 0.00
1013 3126.0 .247 2.32(121.130) 13.00 2.42(121.121121) 121.12113 121.13121 G 0.0121
CONFIDENTIAL
GAS WELL EXA~'lPLE (3110-3126 ~11 ) - LOGGAS 0001 04-06-79
RESULTS
" -------
SAj\1PLE DEPTH SHALE SONIC DENSITY NEUTF:ON N-D SIMPLEX FIHAL loJATER
NUMBER BRT VOLUIY1E X-PLOT SATURATION
(M) ( (FT») <-------------------POROSITY--------------~---->
{-----------------------------(FRACtIONAL)------------------(----------)
1 3110.900206. ) .318 .180 .121 .115 .\124 0.00
, .124 .365
?
l- 3111.1 (10207. ) .291 .168 .121 .119 .121 0.00 .121 .384
3 3il1. 2010207. ) .273 .182 .159 .071 .194- 10.1313 .194
4 .267
3111. 4C 10208. ) .271 .161 .164 .076 .198 13.010 .198 .262
5 311 i . 6 (10209 . ) .289 .157 .126 .125 .126 0.00 .126 .372
6 3111 . 7 ( 10209 . ) .307 .152 .124- .120 .126 13.1313 .126 .356
7 3111 . 9 ( 10210. ) .299 .151 .127 .132 .125 0.130 .125 .348
8 3112. GC 102H:~. ) .267 .154 .1:]6 .145 .133 13.00 .133 .328
9 3112.2(10211.) .226 .1613 .195 .083 .238 0.00 .238 .200
10 3112.3(10211.) .199 .164 .147 .156 .144 0.00 .144 .317
11 3112.500212. ) .193 .163 .147 .155 .144 0.00 .144 .309
12 3112.6(10212. ) .198 .161 .152 .161 .148 0.00 .148 .293
13 3112. se 1'21213. ) .198 .165 .151 .1613 .148 0.00 .148 ?Q?
• l - ...... ..-.
14 3112. 9( 10213. ) .191 .170 .147 .153 .144 0.00 .144 .283
15 3113.100214. ) .181 .167 .168 .112 .190 13.00 .190
16 3113.2(10214.)
.218
.179 .161 .140 .132 .144 0.130 .144 · ?7?
'--, '--
17 3113.4 (10215. ) .184 .156 1':1':> .110 .140 0.00 .140
1..... • -.JC- .270
0 3113.500215. ) .199 .153 .140 .13? .141 0.00 .141 .268
19 :311:3.?t102i6. ) .2:30 .148 .158 .146 .163 0.012' .163 .228,
2';' 311:3.8 ( H~2i6. ) .276 .146 .157 .165
,..., .. 3114.000217. ) 266 .157
.154 0.00 .154 .224
'::::'.1. .161 .169 .157 0.00 .157 .212
22 3114.1(10217.) .244 .170 .207 .114 .244 0.00 .244 .144
23 3114.300218. ) .22121 .178 .169 .174 .168 0.13121 .168 .194
24- 3114.4013218. ) .193 .179 .204 .129 ":l'J"':I
0.00 .233
. t...•..J.-J .143
25 3114.6<10219. ) .168 .180 .201 .131 .228 0.00 ".228 .141
c~6 3114 .8 <10219 . ) .160 .179 .161 .190 .150 0:00 .150 .201
27 3114.9<10219. ) .165 .179 .173 .186 .167 0.00 .167 .184
28 3115 . 1 ( 10220. ) .159 .186 .220 .124 .257 0.00 .257 .125
29 3115 .2 00220 . ) .217 .180 .208 .111 .246 0.00 .246 .123
30 3115.400221. ) .195 .183 .163 .186 .155 0.00 .155 .180
31 3115.5<10221. ) .167 -10C
• ..LUU .161 .207 .143 0.00 .143 .190
32 3115 . 7 ( 10222. ) .154 .192 .163 .214 .144 0.00 .144 .187
33 3115 .8 00222 . ) .149 .202 .207 .155 .228 0.00 .228 .127
34 3116 .000223. ) .158 .216 .199 .146 .219 0.00 .219 .133
35 3116.1(10223, ) .156 .230 .183 .137 .201 0.00 .201 .143
36 3116.3(10224. ) .171 .229 .156 .152 .158 0.00 .158 .175
-:;,
.. ) / 3116.400224. ) .210 .212 .150 .134 .156 0.00 .156 .179
38 3116 .G00225. ) .158 .204 .158 .145 .162 0.00 .162 .:1.92
39 3116. 7~ 10225. ) .186 .184 .264 .1091 .248 0.100 .248 .136
4(.3 3116 ,9 (10226. ) .195 .179 .199 .038 .243 0.00 .243 .142
41 3117 .0 00226. ) .190 .179 .196 .092 .236 0.00 .236 ,145
42 3117 .2 (10227. ) .181 .175 .192 .096 .229 0.00 .229
4':> .148
.~ 3117 .3 ( 1(1227 . ) ,163 . 16~3 le':;, .162 .148 0.00 .148
• ;;;Jl-
.217
44 3117.500228. ) .122 .167 .157 .168 .153 0.00
~c .~~ ~! !=: !' .~ ~~ ..~.?~? "~
.153 .217
("!.?~ ~ !::c~ ?!:~.~ 1 ';'')
.- . ~' . ..:..-:......:.-.:..-:....:. ~. .~' ..' l..- 0..:..:....;_· · :-'"-'-' . ..i..~-i
'J~1 C
. .:....:.;..~
(), t~(:~
;:,;.:.:..::.:...: ?!~ !=:
.1...-...,........, 1 :1'~
· .---~
46 3117.8010229. ) .036 .174 .174 .173 .174 10.1310 .174
., .200
4"
..- 3118.0010230. ) .1018 .180 .169 .182 .164 0.Q';~ .164 .213
48 3118. 1C 1102310. ) .1309 .184 .166 .185 .159 10.130 .159 .219
49 3118.3(10231.) .005 .188 .176 .186 .171 10.00 .171 .2101
50 3118.4 00231 . ) .005 .191 .232 .136 .2710 0.130 .270 .127
51 3118.600232. ) ....,
. 0?7 .190 .201 .192 .204 0.00 .2104- .169
c;.::> 3118.700232. )
~'- .054 .187 .195 .1910 .197 0.1310 .197 .178
53 3118.9(l~~233. ) .086 .182 .192 .184 .195 0.t::~0 .195 . 184
.
54 3119 . 0 ( 10233. ) .127 .177 .178 .191 .173 0.00 .173 .209
55 3119.2(10234. ) .172 .174 .171 .184 .166 0.010 .166 .219
56 3119 . 3 ( H)234. ) .188 .181 .169 .181 .164 0.00 .164 .226
57 3119.500235. ) .183 .190 .168 .182 .163 0.00 .163 .228
58 3119 . 6 (10235. ) .179 .194 . '-
. 17"::> .187 .165 10.1310 .165 .217
59 3119. 800:i36. ) .176 .195 .170 .18~ .164 0.00 .164 .205
60 3119.9<110236. ) .153 .196 .224 .1108 .269 10.1310 .269 .123
61 3120 . 1 ( 10237 . ) .178 .185 .166 .172 .156 0.130·· '.156 .180
62 :3120.2(10237. ) . 144 .183,. .204 .112 .240 0.100
63 3120. 4( 10238. ) .24'3 .12'1
.098 .184 .210 .131 .242 " 0.00 .242 .118
64 3120.5013238. ) .043 .187 .219 .143 .248 0.00 .248 .115
65 3120 . 7 ( 10239. ) 0.0L3 .190 .178 .213 .164 0.00 ,164 .178
66 3120.800239. ) ~071 .170 .186 • r'\,",
.l.oc:. .187 0.00 ~ 187 .1513
67 3121 .0 <113240. ) .114 .157 .233 .106 .283 0.00 .283
E;8. 3121. 2( 10240. )
.102
.109 .156 .173 .187 .167 0.00 .167 .172
69 3121 .3 (1024(~. ) .104 .158 .231 .107 .279 13.00 .279
70 3121.5(10241.)
.112
.104 .160 .230 .107 .278 0.00 .278 .116
7·1
' ... 3121.600241. ) .106 .162 .173 .186 .ln8 0.00 .168 .191
-:>-:;>
"t- 3121.8(10242. ) .111 .163 .226 .111 .271 0.00 .271 .126
73 3121 .9( 116242. ) .121 .164 .180 .1710 .184 13.00 .184 .186 t<
74 3122.1 (10243. ) .129 .163 .178 .165 .183 0.00 .183 .194
75 3122.2(10243. ) .134 .163 .171 .160 .175
-,r· 0.013 .175 .209
,~ t::l 3122.4 <10244. ) .139 .163 .167 .157 .170 0.00 .170 .221
77 3122. S( 10244. ) .147 .163 .168 .154 .173 0.00 .173
,0 3122. 7( 10245. ) .224
'w .160 . 1""':1
"-.J .160 .170 .156 0.00 .156 .253
79 3122. 8( 10245. ) .173 .173 .211 .105 .253 0.00 .253 .170·
80 3123.000246. ) .188 .164 .211 .101 .255 0.00 .255 .176
81 3123.H 10246. ) .202 .165 .206 .098 .247 0.00 .247 .188
82 3123. 3( 1024:'. ) .221 .151 .159 .170 .154 0.00 .154
rv:) .285
0·_) 312:3. 4( 10247. ) .247 .136 .151 .161 .147 0.00 .147
84- 3123.600248. ) ? .......... .281
,t-/c::.. .131 .139 .148 .136 0.00 .136 .2813
oc .. 3123. 7( 10248. )
\...: ~
.280 .122 .135 .142 .132 tj .00 .132, .279
86 3123.9<10249. ) .279 .124 .186 .071 .232 0.00 .232 .178
87 3124. t 1 ( 1024~). ) .279 .128 .187 .075 .231 0.00 .231 .184
88 3124.2(10250.) .340 .106 .183 .062 .230 0.013 .230 .197
89 3124.4(10251. ) .424 .075 .131 .134 .130 6.00 .130
or" .344
3124. 5( 1(1251. ) .517 .e41 . 1':lA .134
,-'''J .....J-r .134 0.00 .134 .389
91 3124. 7( 10252. ) .627 -.00 .144 .142 .145 0.00
.-...-, -,r-r· o. ",-"u .145 .471
'::'I.c.. 3124. 8( 10252. ) .,';::to
;,,:\,"'A
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
93 3125. G( 10253. ) .861 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
94 3125.H 10253. ) .970 0.0'1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.010 0.00 1.00
95 3125.3(10254. ) .949 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. tj0 0.00 0.00 1.00
96 3125.4(10254.) .898 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
97 3125.6<10255. ) .849 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
98 3125.7(1'1255. ) .85'1 '1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
99 3i25.9(10256.) .861 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
100 3126.0(10256. ) .847 0.100 0.010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
GROSS POROUS THICKNESS = 15.1 CM) 49.5 (FT)
AVERAGE POROSITY (GROSS) = .171
AVERAGE SW (GROSS) = .276
NET POROUS THICI<NESS = 13.9 (M) 45.6 (FT) "

AVERAGE POROSITY' (NET) = .:186
:';!i"", 1
.~:' ~
~
A\lERAGE SW (HET) = .c.l~
_, I.
, '.J
.! '
. . '
TABLE.6. EXAMPLE OIL itlELL OUTPUT

CONFIDENTIAL
OIL LJELL EXAt~PLE (2388-2436 M)- LOGOIL 0001· 04-06-79·
SUMMARY OF COMPUTATION PARAMETERS
---------------------------------
...
," ,
NUMBER OF SAMPLE POINTS = 59

FORMAT I ON TEt>lP. = 88.0 CENTIGRADE 190. (FAHRENHEIT)
; ".",
MUD FILTRATE PROPERTIES

SALINITY (PPM NACL EG.) =.0075
RES I ST I V I TY (OHtrl-trlETRE ) = .3200 AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS
DE"~SITY ( GM/'CC ) =1.000
INTERVAL TRANSIT TIMECMUSEC/(M) =6.201 189. o(MUSEC/FT)
trlATR I >~ PROPERT I ES
GAt'rlMA RAY MI NI trlUM (AP I UI'lI T ) =20.

DENSITY (GM/CC) =2.650
INTERVA:_ TRANS IT TI ME C1t1USEC/CIt1 ) =1.821 55.SCMUSEC/FT)
STATIC SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL CMV) =-72.121
SHALE PROPE2TIES
GAMMA RA'y·· MA>"; I MUM ( AP I UN IT) =150.

RES I ST I V ITY (OHM-t·1ETRE ) = 5.00
DENSITY (GM/CC) =2.56 -.
INTERVAL TRANSIT TIMECMUSEC/CM) =2.550 77 . 7 ( MUSEC/FT)
HEUTROt·~ POROS I TY (LST UN IT) =.260
spmHANEOUS POTEI'~T I AL ( t\1V) =-30.0
RW-FORMAT I 01'1 WATER RES. (OHM-METRE) = .0500

HYDROCARBOt-1 DEl-IS I TY ( GM/CC) =.800
BORE~0LE/BIT SIZE (INCHES) =12.25
t'~OTE Cl). ~~;,i~:*

POROSITY
CUT -OFF L Itr1 I TS
~
***
10 PERCENT; SW = 55 PERCENT .SHALE VOLUME = 70 PERCENT
HOTECZ). NEUTRON API Ut-HTS CALIBRATED AQ~ln~ST OTHER POROSIT~( LOGS.

POROSITY = 3.2913 - 1.0227 LOG(API READING)
HOTE(3). FINAL POROSITY IS AV. SOHIC PLUS N-D.

CONFIDENTIAL ~,
OIL lJ..IELL E><Al'rlPLE (2388-2436 M)- LOGOIL 0001 04-06-79

SUtr1t'r1ARY OF LE'v'EL-BY-LEVEL INPUT
-------------------------------
SAi lPLE
l
DEPTH GAMMA DENSITY HEUTROH It"TERVAL PSEUDO, FLUSHED
l'-tU,,"lBER BRT
ME.DIU~r1 DEEP
RAY POROSITY TRANSIT SP ZONE ZOHE ZOt-~E
TItrlE Ctr1ILLIVOLTS) (--------RESI STI VITY--------)
(!Y1)(CFT)) CAPI UNIT) (Gtr1/CC) (FRAC) (LST UNIT) (!Y1USEC/CM) <----------OHM-IYIETRE----------- >
( (MUSEC/FT) )
1 238S.5( 7836. ) 30. (2.35) .182 1179 2.55( 77.7) -45. 15.00 2(~:<;'0 40.00
2 2389.0( 7838. ) 30. (2.35) .182 1193 2.50( 76.2) y;\!'/'., .
-45~ 14.00 ;·r.~j,_ 300.0
3 2390.0( 7841. ) 30. (2.35) .182 1179 2.60( 79:2) ?,(\ .' 0~)', \.'
• -/.i
-45. 12.00 300.0
4 2391.0C 7844. ) 30. (2.35) . 182 1179 2.62( 79.9) -45 . 12.00 5S.ne: .250.0
5 2391.8( 7847. ) 30. (2.29) .218 1179 2.70( 82.3) -45. 55 . <-i:q:..,
1,3.00 :."
.~200.0
6 2392.5( 7849. ) 30. (2.25) .242 1078 2.70( 82.3) 70. et}
,..
"?
-,45. 11.00 .'. .. '150.0
2393.2( 7852. ) 30. (2.28) .224 1078 2.65( 80.8) -45. 12.00 40.00 120.0
8 2394.0C 7854. ) 30. (2.30) .212 11132 2.80( 85.3) -45. 8.00 25.00 100.0
9 2395.0( 7858. ) 30. (2.30) .212 1030 2.82( 86.0) --45. 10.00 22.00 90.00
10 2396.2( 7862. ) 30. (2.26) .236 985. 2.80( 85.3) -45. 9.00 20 .(~0 20.00
11 2402.0( 7881. ) 45. (2.32) .21313 941. 2.68( 81.7) -313. 11.00 20.1313 213.00
12 2404.5( 7889. ) ->c-:>
c..o. (2.30) .212 1030 2.80( 85.3) -30. 10.00 20.0'1 40.00
13 2405.2( 7891. ) 30. (2.27) .230 1007 2.80( 85.3) -40. 8.00 20. (2'0 50.00
14 24G6.GC 7894. ) 29. (2.26) .236
15 2407.0C 7897. )
963. 2.80( 85.3) -se. 9.130 30.00 40.013
28. (2.28) .224 10137 2.70( 82.3) -50. 113.00 20.130
16 2407.S( 7899. ) ?? 513.00
.... ' . (2.32) .200 974. 2.75( 83.8) -55 . 10.00 22.00 4(?J.e0
17 2408.0C 790121.) 29. (2.29) .218 985. 2.78( 84.7) . -60. 913.00 38.013 40.00
18 2408.S( 7902. ) 30. (2.24) .248 963. 2.70( 82.3) -60. 10.00 40.00 60.00
19 240'3.0( 7904. ) 28. (2.30) .212 985. 2.72( 82.9) -60. 10.00 40.00 60.00
20 2409.5( 7905. ) .....
3? (2.28) .224 996. 2."70( 82.3) -60. 10'.00 30.00 50.00
21 2412':.0( 7913. ) 35. (2.29) .218 963. 2.65( 80.8)
??
-65. 10.00 30.00 30.00
r...r... 2412.5( 7915. ) 25. (2.32) .200 1078 2.69( 82.0) -65 . ... 7.00 21.00 40.00
23 2412 . .8( 7916. ) ':J~
£.-c... (2.35) .182 1054 2. 7~?J( 82.3) -65. 9.00 20.00 40.01-3
24 2413.1.( 7917. ) 22. (2.27) .230 1042 2.71( 82.6) -68. 9.00 20.00 30.00
25 2414.e·( 7920. ) 22. (2.25) .242 1030 2.?9( 85.0) -65. ? .5C~ 18.12'0 25 ..00
26 2414.8( 7923. ) 25. (2.25) .242 1102 2.75( 83.8) -713. 7.00 15.00 26.00
27 2415.2( 7924. ) 25. (2.32) .200 11.27 2.65( 80.8) -70. 7.00 20.00 28.00
28 2416.0( ?927. ) 25. (2.27) .230 1179 2.62( 79.9) -70. 9.00 40.00 40.00
29 2416.5( 7928. ) 25. (2.33) .194 1026 2.65( 813.8) -713. 10. 0~) 45.00 60.00
313 2417.2( 7930. ) 28. (2.35) • 1°';' 1179 2.70( 82.3)
...:.JI ....
-70 . 10.00 50.00 100.13
31 2418.0( 7~333. ) 29. (2.30) .212 1115 2.62( 79.9) -72. 9.~)0 60.00 1:30. ~j
":I?
.-Ir... 2418.S( 79:35. ) 30. (2.33) .194 1179 2.65( 80.8) -65 .
-'-I 12.00 55.00 100.0
...:J...:J 241Si . 5 ( 7~338. ) 30. (2.31) .206 1166 2.60( 79.2) -65 . 9.(~0
34 30.00 100.0
2420.S( 7941. ) 30. (2.28) .224 1179 2.65( 80.8) -60. 9.00 35.00 70.0121
35 2421.4( 7944. ) 45. (2.31) .206 1179 2.65( 80.8) -50. 10.00 19.00 20.00
36 2421.S( 7945. ) 75. (2.36) .176 1193 2.65( 80.8) -50. 10.00 19.00 20.00
37 2422.0( 7946. ) 52. (2.42) .139 1179 2.60( 79,2)
-.<") -45. 10.130 20.00 20.013
":>0 2423.1( 7950. ) 55. (2.23) .255 963. 2.90C 88.4) -42. 8.00 17.00 18.00
:39 242:3.8( 7~352. ) G0. (2.24) .248 F185. 2.86( 87.2) -40. 8.(,10 17.00 18.00
40 2424.2( 7953. ) 50. (2.26) .236 r~~·1 . 3.00( 91.4) -50. 9.00 19.00 19.00
41 2424.8( 7955. ) 50. (2.21) .267 820. 2.95( 89.9) -48. 10.130 20.00 20.00
42 2425.4( 7957. ) 62. (2.26) .236 963. ' 2.80( 85.3) -45. 10.00 22_00 25.00
43 2425.8( 7959. ) 60 (2.21) .267 890. 2.65( 8('.8) -42. 11.00 20.00 30.00
44 2426.4( 7961. ) 60. (2~25) .242 996. 2.50( 76.2) -40. 15.00 30.00 30.00
45 2427.0( 7963 .. ) 90~ (2.28) .224 .931. .2.80( 85.3)\' . ,,-;38. 9.00 15.00 15.00"
46 2427.2( 7963. ) 1513. (2.25) .242. 8913'. 2.85( 86.9) . ,
-36. '12.1313 12.0(::) 12.00
47 2427.9( 7966.) " 135. (2.32) .200 870. 2.85( 86.9) ...,.38 . 113.1313 12.00 12.130
48 2428.2C 7967. ) 105. (2.27) .230 841. 2.70( 82.3) ,:-40. 11.00 12 .~)El 15. GEl
49 2429.0( 7969. ) 80,"",. (2.34) .188 .9~. 2.80( 85.3) , -'42. 12.013 .12.1313 1~.e0
50 2429.5( 7971. ) 90. (2.38) .164 963. 2.75( 83.8) -40. 11.00 12.,00 14.00
51 2430·0C 7972. ) -:It:'
_'_I~ (2.25) .242 963,. 2.40( 73.2) -42. 12.00 12.00 12.00
52, 2430.3( 7973; ) 22. (2.36) .176 1153 2.45( 74.7) -42. 10.00, 10.00 10.00
53 2431.0( 7976'~ ) 20. (2.31) .206 1140 2.68( 81.7) -45. 8.0e::::,'~ 8.00 8.00
... .,..
~" e::q..~c:: . (::J ( ...'/~j/'':::J:. ) C:~. ~~.C:/) .~:.3(;:j 1100 ~.~0~ ~~.:,j) -4ts. / . (j~l ./ . i(l(;:j ./.0(::)
.., .013
.,.
55 2433.'0C 7982. ) 28. (2.35) .182 t20,S 2.80( ,85.3) -40. 9.00 8.013 ...
56 2433.8C 7985. ) 35. (2.35) .182· 1206 2.75( .83.8) -42. 10.00 9.00 8.00
57 2434.2( 7986., ) '7?
~ ..... (2.37) . 170 1102 2.60( 79.2) -40 . 15.00 112.0 8.00
58 2435.0( 7989. ) 48. (2.43) .,
.133 1153 /?
2.80( 85.3) -40. 14.00 12 . (~l0 10.00
59 2435.5( 7990. ) 45. (2.35) ..
1 Q ?, t;...J~ 1030 2.80( 85.3) -30. -15.00 15.00 15.00
.,
\,)
\\
/,
(i
",<
.;:..-
CO~~F IDENT IAL
OIL WELL EXAMPLE (2388-2436 M)- LOGOIL 0001 04-06-79
SAMPLE DEPTH SHALE DENSITY "~EUTRON DENSITY NEUTRot~ SHR ITER- N-D
NUMBER VOLUIvlE <-SHALE CORRECTED-> <HYDROCARBON CORRECTED> ATION POROSITY
<--------------------------------~--FRACTIONAL------------, --~-~------------------>
1 2388.5 .077 2.38(.166) .130 2.39( .159) .121 .303 2' .169
2 ,2389.0 0.00 2. 3?C .170) '.145 2 .3?( .170) .145 0.00 1 .176
3 2390.0 0.00 2. 37( .170) .150 2. 37( .170) .150 ' 0.00 1 .175
4 2391.0 .058 2. 38( .167) .135 2. 38( .167) .135 0.00 2· .175
5 2391.8 .077 2. 32( .202) .130 2 .33( .191) ;:115 .394 2 .212
. 0 7 "/ '.'154 .....
6 2392.5 ~, 2. 28C .226) .170 2 .30( .215) .386 .:::. .231
7 2393.2 .077 2.31 ( .2108) .170 2. 32( .199) .157 .354 2 .210
8 2394.~" . 0-"/ / 2. 33( .196) .160 2. 33( .192) .154 .170 2 .202
9 2395.0 .077 2. 33( .196) .190 2. 3:3 ( .196) .190 0.00 1 .197
10 2396.2 .077 2. 29( .220) .210 2. 29( .220) .210 o .0(~ 1 .223
11 2402.0 .303 2.37( .171) .171 2 .37( .171) .171 0.00 1 .171
12 2404,.5 '.062 2.33(.197) .194 2. 33( .197) .194 0.00 1 .197
13 2405.2 .077 2.30(.214) .200 2.30(, 214) .200 0.00 1 .218
14 241216.0 .12176 2.29( .220) .220 2 .29( .220) .220 0.00 1 .220
15 2407.0 '.062 2.31 ( .209) .21214 2.31C .21219) .204 121.121121 1 .21121
16 2407.5 .229 2 .36( .175) .175 2 .36C .175) .175 0.0121 1 .175
17 24138.121 .116 2 .32( .200) .212113 2.32( .2(0) .2l!)e 0.013 1 .20121
18 2408.5 .077 2 .27( .232) .220 2.27( .232) .220 121.121121 1 .235
19 2409.0 .146 2 .33( .192) .192 2.33( .192) .192 0.00 1 .192
20 241219.5 .092 ., 2. 3H . 207 ) .201 ()
2.31( .207) .201 0.0121 1 .21219
21 2412.0 .165 ,2 .~2( .197) .1970' 2 .32( .197) .197 121.1210 1 .197
22 2412.5 .038 2.3c:l·( .186) .180 ' 2 .34( .186) .180 0.00 1 .187
23 2412.8 .147 2 .38( .162) .162 2.38( .162) .162 121.0121 1 .162
->-->?
24 2413.1 .015 2 .29C .217) .201 2.29( .217) .201 0.00 1 .c..c.L-
25 2414.0 .015 2 .27( .229) .21216 2. 27C .229) .206 121.0121 1 .236
26 2414·.8 .12138 2 .27( .228) .17121 2.28( .221) .160 .227 2 .238
27 2415.2 .12138 2 .34( .186) .160 2. 34( .186) .16121 121.0121 1 .193
28 2416.0 .038 2. 29( .216) .140 2. 29( .216) .140 e.0~1 2 .236
29 241.6.5 .146 2.36( .174) .174 2.36( .174) .174 0.0121 1 .174
30 2417.2 .048 2 .37( .167) .138 2 .38( .164) .134 •. 124 2 .173
31 2418.121 0.121121 2 .32( .200) .175 2. 32( .198) .172 .100 1 .21215
32 2418.5 .077 2 .36( .178), .13121 2.37( .171) .12'1 :.277 2 .185 -
-:l-:l
•..J...J 2419.5 .077 2 .34( .190) , .135 2. 34( .190) .135 ~.00 2 .204
34 2420.5 .077 2 .31C .208) .130 2.31( .208) .130 121.121121 2 .229
35 2421.4 .192 2 .35( .183) .11210 2.35( .183) .1121121 0.1210 2 .21216
36 2421.5 .381 2 .41C .143) .12146 2. 43( .136) .036 .332 ?
'- .163
37 2422.0 .246 2.46( .114) .086 2.46( .113) .'185 .041 2 .121
,
38 2423.1 .269 2.27(.228) .170 2.29C .217) .155 .359 2 .234
39 2423.8 .31218 2 .29( .220) .150 2 . 29 ( . 22') ) .150 0.00 2 .238 .~.
40 2424.2 .231 2 .30( .212) .190 2.30( .212) . 190 0.00 1 .217
41 2424.8 .231 2.25( .242) .21210 2.25( .242) .200 0.121121 2 .253
42 2425.4 .323 2.31< .207) .156 2.31C .207) .156 0. (:lC:l 2 .220
43 2425.8 .284 2.26(.239) .201 2. 28( .227) .184 .441 1 .239
.""'\
44 2426.4 .284 2.30(.215) .151 2 . 32 ( . 20~l ) .130 .541 c:. .219
45 2427.0 . 468 2 .34( .187) •
1..........
.::J,.:J 2.34( .187) .133 0.00 2 .201
dG 2d27.2 .Sd7 2 . 32 ( . 21213 ) , .133 2. 3d( .1213) .112 .£52 2 .20G
47 2427.9 .547 2. 39( .158) .143 2. 39( .158) .143 0. ~:30 1 .162
. 1.....·
....
.·1n
'+0 2428.2 .468 2. 33( .193) /C) 2. 33C .193) .178 0.00 1 .196
4~J 242fJ. () .462 .2. 40( .151) .140 2.40(.151) .14~" . 0.0~) 1 .15:3
50 2429.5 .491 2 .44( .125) .112 2'.44('125) .112 0.00 1 ,128
51 2430.0 .115 2. 28C .224) .210 2.28( .224) .210 0.00 1 .228
52 2430.3 .015 2 .38( .163) '.156 2.38(, 163) .156 0.00 1 .165
53 2431.0 0.00 2. 33C .194) .165 2.33(.191) .161 .112 2 .199
54 2432.0 .038 2. 29C .216) .145 2.30( .210) .137 .204 2 .230
55 243:3.0 .062 2. 38C .166) .124 2.,38( .164) .121 .. 099 2 .176
56 2433.8 .115 2 .38( .163) . 11q, 2.39( .159) .104- .188 2 .174
57 2434.2 .400 2.43( .136) .076 2. 44( .127) .064 .467 .....
? .144
co
--1<--. 2435. ~?J .215 2: 47( . H!i9) .104 2. 47( .109) .104 0.00 1 .111
59 2435.5 .197 2. 39( .159) .159 2. 39( .159) .159 0.100 ...
1 .159
( ..
--.,-"~.-,--p=-----------,,----------------------,----~.-~--~~~-----_._---------~-~~--
CONFIDENTIAL
OIL l~ELL EXA~1PLE (2388-2436 M)- LOGOIL 0001 04-06-79
RESULTS
-------
SAMPLE DEPTH SHALE SONIC DENSITY NEUTRON N-D SIMPLEX FINAL· WATER
NUMBER ERT VOLUtlE X-PLOT SATURATIOH
(Iv!) «FT) ) <-------------------POROSITY---------~--------->
<---------------------.-----.--- (FRACT IONAL )----------------------------- >
1 2388.S( 7836. ) .077 .154 .159 .121 .169 .150 .161 .184
2 2389.0( 7838. ) 0.00 .155 .170 .145 .176 .145 .166 .070
3 2390.0( 7841.) 0.00 .178 .170 .15(1 .175 .150 .176 .065
4 2391.0( 7844. ) .058 .173 .167 .135 .175 .150 :174 .065
5 23~31 .S( 7847. ) . ~~-'7
_0/' .188 .191 .115 .212 .150 .20fC:l .064
6 2392.5( 7849. ) .077 .188 .215 .154 .231 .190 .210 .071
? 2393.2( 7852. ) .077 .176 .199 .157 .210 .190 .193 .087
8 2394.0( 7854. ) .077 .211 .192 .154 .202 .1813 .206 .090
9 2395.0( 7858. ) .077 .215 .196 .190 .197 .210 .206 .095
10 2396.2( 7862. ) . 0"'''''
// .211 .220 .210 .223 .216 .217 .200
...,,....,("')
11 2402.0( 7881.) .303 .146 •1--'·1
~~..L .171 .171 .126 .158 .c...=l0
12 24~)4. S( 7889. ) .1(162 .213 .197 .194 .197 .210 .205 .148
13 24(l5.2( 7891.) .07? .211 .214 .200 .218 .220 .214 .126
14 2406.0( 7894. ) .076 .211 .2213 .220 .220 .204 .215 .140
15 2407.0( 7897. ) .062 .190 .209 .204 .2H~ .182 .200 \:.135
16 2407.5C 7899. ) .229 .174 .175 .175 .175 .173 .1?5 .153
17 2408.0( 790121. ) .116 .200 .200 .200 .200 .200 .200 .147
18 2408.5( 7902.) .077 .188 .232 .220 .235 .169 .212 .115
19 2409.0C 7904. ) .146 .181 .192 .192 .192 .172 .187 .123
20 240:3.5( ~lS105. ) .092 .185 .207 .201 .209 .176 .197 .134
21 2412.0( 7913. ) .165 •
le,:>
<-1<- .197 .197 .197 .135 .179 .184
22 2412.5( 7915. ) .038 .192 .186 .180 .187 .190 .190 .162
23 2412.8( 7916. ) .147 .176 .162 .162 .162 .200 .169 .168
24 2413.1( 7917. ) .015 .200 .217 .201 .222 .205 .211 .172
25 2414.0( 7920. ) .015 .219 .229 .206 .236 .210 .227 .175
26 2414.8( 7923. ) .038 .206 .221 .160 .238 .180 • 2-"'''':)
c.c. .174
2-'
/ 24i5.2( 7S124. ) . 0'-='''~
·..,)0 .183 .186 . 160 .193 .170 .
1 ~",-,
00 1':0
':;0
<-u 2416.0( 7927. ) •
0"::;0
-...JU .176 .216 .140 .236 .150 .206 .15~)
29 2416.5( 7928. ) .146 .165 .174 .174 .174 .158 .169 .133
30 2417.2( 7930. ) .048 .193 .164- .134 .173 .150 .183 .104-
31 2418.0( 7933. ) 0.00 .182 .198 .172 .205 .175 .194 I' .'.191
32 2418.5( 7935. ) .077 .176 .171 .121 .185 .150 .181 .102
~J
-->v 2419.5( 7938. ) .077 .165 .190 .135 .204 .155 .185 .100
34 242'1.5( 7941. ) .077 .176 .208 .130 .229 .150 .2133 .111
35 ?d.~'1 d.( 7944. )
_ . c. ........ .lS12 .157 .183 .112'121 .212'6 .150 .181 .224
36 2421.5( 7945. ) .331 .126 .136 .036 .163 .145 .144 .245
37 2422.0( 7946. ) .246 .137 .113 .'185 .121 .150 .129 .293
":><:>
-->u 2423.1C 7950. ) .269 .202 .217 .155 .234 .240 .218 .195
39 2423.8( 7952. ) .308 .186 .220 .150 .238 .230 .212 .197 ~P"
40 2424.2( 7953. ) .231 .231 .212 .190 .217 .250 .224 • 1("')7
0,
41 2424.8( 7955. ) .231 .219 .242 .200 .253 .253 .236 .174
42 2425.4( 7957. ) .323 .170 .207 .156 .220 .2134 .195 .174
43 2425.8( 7959. ) .284 .142 .227 .184 .239 .114 .190 .163
44 2426.4( 7961. ) .284 .108 .200 .130 .219 .103 .163 .185
-1r
'+::J 2427.0( 7983. ) .468 .146 ...
. .to.'
"-,, ..( .
'-,,-
• .J....').;l .201 .180 . 1'''-'
/..=l .24·2
46 2427.2( 7963. ) .547 .144 .186 .112 .206 .184 .175 .266
47 2427.S( 796~3.
) .547 .144 .158 .143 .162 .152 .153 .295
48 2428.2( 7967. ) .468 .123 .193 .178 .196 .e86 .150 .258
49 2429.0( 7S169. ) .462 .147 .151 .140 .153 "
.158 .150 .272

50 2429.5( 7971.) .491 .130 .125 .112 .128 .163 .129 .312
51 2430.0( 7972. ) .115 .113 .224- .2113 .228 .1345 .1713 .323
52 2430.3( 7973. ) .015 .141 .163 .156 .165 .133 .153 .411
-
S''";)
54
"-' 2431.0( 7976. )
2432.0( 7979. )
0.00
.038
.198
.217
.191
.210
.16 11
.137
.199
.230
.165
.155
.198
.223
.358
.335
55 2433.0( 7982. ) .062 .213 .164 .121 .176 .140 .194 .382
56 2433.8( 7985. ) .115 .193 .159 ; 104 .174 .140 .183 .372
57 2434.2( 7986. ) .400 .111 .127 .064 .144 .174 (
.128 .464
58 2435.e( 7989. ) .215 .188 .109 .104 .111 .160 .149 .387
59 2435.5( 7990. ) .197 .191 .159 .159 .159 .210 .175 .271
GROSS POROUS THICKNESS ::: 47.0 (M) 154.2 (FT)

AVERAGE POROSITY (GROSS) ::: ".189
AVERAGE Sl,..j (GROSS) ::: .190
NET POROUS THICKNESS ::: 47.0 (!lD 154.2 (FT) ,.,\l
AVERAGE POROSITY (NET) ::: .189

A\JERAGE SW (HET) ::: .190
(',
· " _' ,'.~:-;~~.:':':'~l:_,,~;,.~ "",,,\,.7:-. ,. i \ ,"" ',. , ..'" " , . ',' ,'~:
COMPUTER"~:PROGRAM' RWSP .FO.R:iJ);mTERMINA"TION OF' RW FROMSP"':';':

1 FTN4,B
2 PROGRAM RWSP
C PROGRAM PREPARED BY L.E. KURYLOWICZ
4 C AFTER BATEMAN & KONEN, 197? 18TH. SPWLA SYMP.JP.17
5 C:ti::f:*~t~*:l::l::f;::K:t~r-*:l::t*:K:i::K.'K*:~:+::K:t::+:;+::+::t::K:t::+::K*:l::l:*:t::K***:~~::t:t::j(****:U:**:j(:+:*:+:****:j(:t:****
(~
o C THIS PROGRAM DETERNINES RW FRON SF' LOG

"?
.,- C ~1THi - ~iETR IC TEHPERATURE Sl~1I TCH (1 =~''ES .' 0=NO)
C RtyjF - MUD F I L TRATE RES I ST I V1TY AT T!Y1F (OHM-METRE)
Si C Rt.-I - FOR~'IAT I m~ t,IATER RES I ST 1\I I T'( AT Tr·1F ( OHr,1-~~ETRE )
10 C RWFORM - RW AT TEM
11 C SF' - STAT I C SF'miTANEOUS POTEriT I AL ( trl ILL I \lOL TS ) /.
12 C rEM - FORtr1ATIoti TE~1F'ERATURE
13 C THF - Hun F I LTRATE lr1EASUR I HG TEI'r1PERATURE
14- INTEGER TITLE(26)
·1 C'
J,._' REAL 1<
16 DI,rIEHSIOH ILUHCS)
17 DATA T1 TLE.,,'26:t2H ./
13 CALL RlrlPAR ( I LUH )
19 LX=ILUH
20 bJR I TE ( u~:, 1 )
21 1 FORt',lAT (. I. EI'HER T I TLE" ) .::.:
22 ~EAD(U< . 2) (TI TLEe)) .. \.)=1 . 20)
23 2 FORt-tiAT (2(1A2)
24 loJR ITE CDC 3)
FORI"lAT( 11 Et··HER RU~~ 1··~O. :~. DATE")
26 READ(LX,4)(TITLEeJ),J=21,26)
27 4 FOF:.t'lAT ( 6A2 ) .., '
tdR I rE ( L>< , 5)
. -••- .
e.:::'
r0-
FC"RiylAT ( "EHTER tv1TEH RtrlF , SP TEM TMF" )
*) MTH1., Rf·1F .' SP
::J J J J
:-=:0 PEAIl ( U< . , Ta~ . n~F

31 I F ( hHO,1 . ECI . 1) TEtr1=9. (v5 .
0:t;TE~1+ 32 . 0
IF Ct-'lTD'1 . EO. 1) TMF=9 . ~l/5 . 0tTt',lF +32 . 0
'-1"
. ;)e.
33 C EQUIVALENT MUD FILTRATE RESISTIVITY A~ 75 (F) I,' ,
34 Rt'lF =RMF:.K ( TMF +7 . 0) /82 .0

K=60.0+0.133tTEM
RrrlFRbJE=10 . 0~tK (-SP/i<)
IF ( Rt'1F . GT . 0 . 1) Rt~FE=0. 85tRMF
IFCRI·,1F. GT. ').1) GO TO G
RMFE=((146.0tRMF)-5.0)/e(337.0*RMF)+?7.0)
4(.1 6 Rl.JE ==RMFE/Rt..1FF:ldE
41 I F ( RI.;JE . GT . 0 . 12) GO TO 7
42 RI;J= r: C77 . OtRl.JE ) +5 . v.,l ) ./ ( 146 . ~,- (337 . 0tRWE) )
43 GO TO 8
44 7 RI..J::::- (~l . 58- ( 10 . o:t::4: ( (QJ . 69·i:RI.JE) -0.24) ))
45 8 F:l,.JFORt,1==F1,.Jt82 . 0,/ CTEIH7 . 0 )
46 WRITECLX . 9) (TITLE(J),J=1 . 26)
47 9 FORh1AT ( ,//' 20A2., ,/ ~ 11 RUt'~J t'~JO.!1 12>< 2A2 4><, 11 DATEII 2>< ~ 4A2)
J I I I
TEI',1C=5 . ('tt ( TEt'~-32 . 0) /9 . 0

49 IJJR I TE (LX. 10) RI.~.1, Rb.JFORlri, TEt~) TEt-~C
50 10 FOF:MAT( "RLoJ =", FG. 3, 3>(, "AT 75 CF) f1,./;
51 1 IIRhJ =11, FG.], ::3><, IIAT II , Ft:; , 1. 11 (F) 11, :::::x, 11 (11 FS, 1, 11 (C)) 11 3/)
J J
EHD
53 END$
APPE.L'IDIX 2. LOG4 CONPUTER PROGRAM LI STINGS
LKLOG4 T=00003 IS ON CR00009 USING 00002 BLKS R=0000
0001 FTN4 . B
013132 Pf"',OGRAM LOG4 ( 3 )
0003 C ------------------------------------------------------------------
0004 C PROGRA~1 PREPARED BY' L. E.I<UR'Y'LOI.A.IICZ -APRIL 19?7-DEC 1978
00165 C
0006 DINENSION NA~£(3),IB(5),ILUN(5)
0(1(:)7 COMMOI'~ I DUM (5473) LX
I
0008 r,ATA NAME/2HLO,2HG5,2H /

O(~!<,)9 CALL R~1PAR ( ILUN )
0010 U';::::I LUH
O~)11 CALL EXEC (S,NAME,IB)
0012 El-m
0013 ~~ ~ 1-
,,.
!
U<LOGS T=00003 IS ON CR00009 USING 00069 B~KS R::::0000
0001 FTN4,B
00('2 PROGRAM LOGSCS)
0003 C :t::~:t**;+:*:+:******:t:**,,:**:~:~*;t::+:~::t~:::t·::+:******:+:**:~****************************~******
0004 C TH I S LOG I NTERPRETAT I ON PROGRA~1 I S DES I GNED TO EVALUATE \ .
0005 C H'r'DROCARBOI"! BEAR I NG 20l'-lE5 LAl I TH UP TO 100 SAMPLE PO I NTS . \\
0006 C -----------------------LIST OF SYNBOLS--------------------------- )1
O(~07 C BORE - BOREHOLE/B IT DI A~·lETER CINCHES) (.
0008 C DENA - APPARE~IT lOG DENSITY
0009 C DENS - BULK DENSITY
0010 C DEHt'rlF - MUD F I L TRATE DENS I TY
0011 C DENHYD - HYDROCARBON DENSITY
0012 C: DEt~t·1A - ~1ATR I X DENS I TY
0()13 C DE"lSH - SHALE DENS I TY
0014 C DPHly1 - DEPTH BELOW RT Cly1ETRES )
0015 c: DPH - DEPTH (FEET)
0016 C GRY - GAtlltt1A RAY READ I I-.lG
O~)17 C GRYNIN - MINIMUM GAMMA RAY READING (SAND LINE)
(;(211 g c: GR'fNAX - MA>< I tr1Ulr1 GAlriMA RAY READ I NG (SHALE L I NE)
0(~19 c lEND - CHECK ON INPUT DATA-STOP IF.NE. -1
()020 C IHYDR - RXO LOG RUNCHYDROCARBON PRESENCE)SWITCH (1=YES,0=NO)
El021 IPL - PLOT SWITCHC1=YES,0~NO)
0022 C I PR I HT - PR I HT I HG DE\/ I CE SW ITCH 6=HORlvlAL; 17=GOULD
0023C IPORF ~ FINAL POROSITY SWITCH(1=N-D;2=AV.SONIC PLUS N-D;
0024 C 3=AVERAGE SINPLEX PLUS SONiC PLUS N-D
IRN - RESISTIVITY COMBINATION(1::::LL8, ILM,ILD;2=RXO,LLS,LLDj
0026 C 0=NO RN LOG/OR SONE OTHER RESISTIVITY COMBINATION.)
0027 C LUN - DEBUG PRINT SWITCH,6=YES,3=NO
0f)28 C NDPH - METRIC DEPTH SWITCH Cl::::YES,0=NO)
0029 C MTAC - METR le nnERVAL TRAI'IS I T T I ttlE SI"j ITCH (1 =YES / 0=NO)
0~130 C 1·,lTElv1 - METR I C TEtv1PERATURE SW I TCH Cl::: YES, 0="10 )
00:::1 c 1·~L TYPE - TYPE OF I~EUTRm~ LOG (l=S~~P, 2=cr~L,
0032 C 3:::API UNITS CALIBRATED AGAIl'lST OTHER PO~OSITY LOG &/ CORE VALUES
HSP - liIJl'1BER OF SAlvlPLE PO I HTS (i·~AX::::50 )
PMF -MUD F I LTRATE SAL I ~~ I TY ( PFN)
0035 C PORD - POROS I TY FROI,1 DEHS I TY LOG; 1-RAtJ : 2-SHALE FREE: 3-SH . &HCO FREE
PORF - F i H~1L POROS 1TY
0037 i: PORVRU - HEUTROl'l- DE~·lS I TY ( N-D) CROSS-PLOT POROS I TY
0038 C PORHSH - HEIJTROH POROSITY IH SHALE SECTIOH
00:3'3 C POR~~L - t~EUTRO~~ POROS I T'Y ( L I t~ESTONE UN I TS ) -SUBSCR I PTS AS ABOVE
004(;: C POR~~$ - ~~EUTRON POROS I TY (SA~m5TONE UN I T5 ) -SUBSCR I PTS AS ABOVE
0041 PORSC - POROSITY FROM SONIC LOG-SUBSCRIPTS AS ABOVE
(1042 C PORSX - POROS I TY FROtvl 5 II·,1PLEX APPROACH
0~~43 C PSP - PSEUDO-STATIC POTENTIAL (MILLIVOLTS)
0044 C RD - DEEP RESISTIVITYCINDUCTION DEEP,LATEROLOG DEEP)
0045 C Rt~ - t·~ED I Ult1 RES I ST I V I T~( ( I ND .MED I UN, LATEROLOG SHALLObJ)
0(146 C Rt~F - t·~UD F I L TRATE RES I ST I \J I TY
0047 C RSH - SHALE RESISTIVITY
0048 C PT - TRUE FORttlAT I Ot,1 RES I ST I \I I TV
0049 C RXO - FLUSHED ZOHE RESISTIVITY (MLL,PROX.,LL8,SPHERICALLY FOCUSED)
C R~J - FORl'lAT I Oti ldATER RI SIST I \J I TY
0051 C SHR - RES I DUAL HYDROCARBot·~ SATURAT IOr·j
0052 C SSP - STAT I C SPOl'lTAI'JEOUS POTEt-IT I AL CMAX I MUM DEFLECT I OH IN SST. )
2&2lI2 ,4t !ZiLLE LAE tme&M&
,.,..
0053 C SPH IH - ~1 INI~lUN SP DEFLECT ION IN SHALE SECT ION
0(,'54 C SXO - RESIDUAL WATER SATURATION
0(}55 C SW - WATER SATURATION
~j056 C TAC - INTERVAL TRANSIT TIME -TACN-METRIC
0057 C TACF '- FLUID INTERVAL TRANSIT TIME-TACFN-METRIC
0058 C TAO..1A - 1\1ATR I ~< It4TERVAL TRANS IT TI ME - TACNAt·1-t..1ETR IC
0059 C TRCSH - SHALE INTERVAL TRANSIT TINE-TACSHM-NETRIC
.
~)~j6~j TE~ - FOR~ATION TEMPERATURE (FROM LOGS) -FAHRENHEIT-TEMC CENTIGRADE .
~
'-'
G061 C TITLE -- WELL HAtrlE&NO. ,SAtr\PLE I HTER\lAL (DES I GHAT I Ot--l) , DATE
O(}6c: C: VOLSH - SHALE VOLUt'IE
()0}33 INTEGER TITLE
0064 DI MENS I ON 1'1AME ( 3) , I DeB C144) , NAt..1EF ( 3) ,
Ij()65 1 IBUFF(40),PSP(100)
0066 CO~1tr10!'l DEl'lA ( 1(0) , DPH ( 100) ,DPHM ( 1(2) , GRY ( 100 ) ,
0067 1 PORD1(100),PORD2C100),PORD3(100),
0068 2 PORNL1(100),PORNl2(100),PORNL3(100),
0069 3 PORNS1(100),PORNS2C100),PORNS3(100),PORSC1(100),PORSC2(100),
0070 4 PORF(102),PORKRU(100),PORSX(100),
(:;):"2171 5 RXO(100),RM(100),RDC100).RT(100),SHR(100),SW(10Z).
0072 6 TAC(100),TACM(100),TITLEC26),VOLSH(102).
......•. ;
,),)7:::: 7 I HY,DR " I ~~N I·PL I pt)RF LIJN ~~SP
1 1 I J o-
0074 S DEt-,UY1A, DEHSH, DEt'lMF , DENHYD , PORt-ISH, ptr1F, RMF , RSH, Rl~ , . 's'
'~'C~75 9 TACMn,TACSH,TACF,IPRINT,LX
0076 DATA NA!~E /2HLO,2HG6,2H / .. IBUFF/40*ZH /
()O77 WRITECUCl )
(~()78 1 FORt.1AT (" a~TER LOG DATA FILE NAME1')
0(179 READ(Lx,2) NAMEF
i'j080 2 FORll1AT (3A2 )
-
~1(;r:::' 1
'-'- CALL OPEN ( 1DCB, I ERR, t-IAtr1EF )
0~j~32 IF(IERR.GE.0) GO TO 200
0033 3 WRITECLX,4) IERR
(;()84 4 FOPt~AT ( 11 I ERR=II , 14)
0035 GO TO 51
0086 212'0 CALL.. BLAHf< ( I BUFF)
0()87 CALL READF(IDCB, IERR, IBUFF,40,LEt4)
£3033 IFCIERR,LT.0) GO TO 3
~~(;2~=i CALL CODE
0(190 READC iBUFF,S)(TITLECJ) ,J=l,20)
01:191 5 FORtr1AT (20A2) ,
00:32 CALL BLANK(IBUFF)
0093 CALL READF ( I Des, I ERR, I BUFF, 40 ,LH~)
~)() ..:k'j. IF(IERR,LT.0) GO TO 3
0W:~5 CALL CODE
009t:::. READC IBUFF,6)(TITLE(J) ,J=21,26)
0097 6 FOPW~T (6A2)
0~)98 CALL BLA~·IK ( I BUFF)
0099 CALL READFCIDCB,IERR,IBUFF,40,LEN)
01(~0 IF(IERR,LT.0) GO TO 3
(Jl(~l CALL CODE
0102 READ ( IBUFF, :r) I PORF , I 1·1YDR, IPL, I Rtr1, MDPH, MTAC , ttlTEtT1 , LUN, NLTYPE)
(n(.. 3 - I PF~ It·jT
(~i04 iF(!·jl TYPE . LT. 13. OR. HLTYPE. GT. 3) STOP11
0105 I FO·1L TYPE LE. 2) GO TO 201
0106 CALL BLAHK (1 BUFF)
0107 CALL READFCIDCB, IERR,IBUFF,40,LEN)
C) 10::3 IF(IERR,LT.0J GO TO 3
C' 1()'::J (:f.1l.L (/)1)E
('11(;.' PEf-iD( I BUFF ,;to .IA, B
0111 C TH I S FOLLO~JI !'IG SECT IOH CONVERTS h£UTROIl ftPi
~'l12 (; PEAD IIIG~;; TO Sr-tHtJST(JNE POPO~' 1TV 1.•:N 1T$ ,
()11'3 C REGPESSIOt·1 i=1IU:Cr'SIS Cr-iRRIED OOT BEFORE-HAt-·m
0114 C OF ~1P I ~IGA 11 ~5T DEJ4S 1T ( OR SON le, OR CORE f-"OROS f TV
01 JS C t l'I (-I CLEAH hJATER BEAR ltK~ SECT ION
Oll6 C 'r':::{1--n LOGex)
0117 (~ Y .- HElJTROt'l PORO$ I TV I HDEX ( SS,. , UtH TS -FRACrI Ot¥4L)
~)lt3 C I tjTEF~(EPT
. (.1::::
01.1') (; B:= SLOPE OF L It'-lE
01 :-:0 r~, >< .- l-{ElJTOt ~ LOG PEAD HIG IN At'i UN l'rS
(~'1 Z.' 1 201 (riLL I3LHHK ( t BUFF)
01':>.:' C.~ILL REf1DF ( i DCB, I ERR I I BUFF, '\('. LEt·/)
L) 1z,:: '.':J IFtlERP LT 0) GO TO 3
(11 ;-:~t (r;ILL CODE
0IeS PEf-1[J ( I BUFF, :t) liSP. TEI", Pt,IF , F,'Mf.::' , DENMF • TACF
(11,2C (('ILL BLI,tU< ( I BUFF )
01 i:;? I')) ~)I;;' I -1
( .-.;,1.... -'. 1··1":0 -,Jf'
OL!E 202 Pt,1 ( I ) :::0 0

01 :':::t;) ()=ILL PE{:~LJF ( IlK f;.. I EF;R. 1BUFF, 40, LEH)
01:10 IFCIERP,LT 0) GO TO 3
01]1 ((ILL CODE
OIl? F'E f~D i 1BUFF. l )GPYI·11 N. DHlMt=i. Tf't(NA SSP I
() 1J3 GiLL BLP,I·n<. ( I F}I.)FF )

(UJ"~ (f:iLL PE~1DF ( I{)CB. IEr;'R. I t~FF ,40, LEtLt
Cll ~./:; IF(IERR LT.0) GO TO 3
~)1 ~·;6 CALL CODE
(It:::? r~Ef;if)t 18UFF .:n GR'/"'1i-~I~~. RSH, D8.t$H. TACSH. P()RHSlL SPN IN
01:)8 ePILL 8L.At·U< ( 1BUFF)
01:0 Cf~LL PEI~tjF' ( I DeB , rERR. I BUFF, 40. L£N)
~.\ l.<tO I F ( t EF;lp LT (l) GO TO 3
~)141 (HLL OJOE
o t'12 READ t. I BUFF! *.l
Pt.). OEJ1Hr'D. BORE
(ll.D DO 2(:.l3 I:: 1 . ~~SP
CH,~·t (AL.L. BU:'lru-:( I BUFF)
4) 1,~l~: C{IL.L PEH[iF ( 1(iCB, I ERR, I BUFF. M). LEN)
01 tIt.:, IF( iERE' LT 0) GO TO 3
(}i,L' ((ill Cd)E
1)1 ,1::-:: R[(:,D( I DUFF.;f.,l DPH( 1 ) ,(;RY( I), DEt~r.:t( l) .PORNLU 1). TA(; ( f) ,PSP( I).
~) 1,I ~·l 1 Ft~O ( li . RI·$ t ) • PD ( I )
~) 11~~(~ . 203 COt:t 1~~UE
01 t.:', 1 C':il_L BLt-·-lt·n< ( i BUFF)
o 1~_<:~ CALL READF( IDee. IERR. IBUFF.4Q.LEN)
I) t r;:,3 1Ft tERR.lT0) GO TO 3
o 1~;·.l (t:jLL CODE
(\ t c: r:~ PEHD I. I [:UFF .1:'1 I END
() 1~',G 51 C,2ILL CI_OSE ( IDCB. IERR)
I) 1::.~ .:' IF (I GlD tiE -1) STCI~:'l
1:llSS 1F ~ L1.N . I-iE:l'l LUN::::G
01 ~:;~1 DO 2()·1 I,:: 1 . IE~P
~'1 1L'(\ I;...· "HflF'H E$ 1) [.PHt,j ( I ).::-: DPH \ 1 )
(\ .11.:; 1 iF (MDF'H [(:1 1 'I DPH ( t );;: DPH ( I ),. (1 3(\~3
I:' t C,.:: I F' I. t·'[lf~H E() 0:' ['PHt.' ( !1:DPH ( 1 ) lO 30c~~i
0163 C THIS FOLLOWING SECTION CORRECTS NEUTRON POROSITY TO CORRECT
C TYPE OF ~1ATRIX ACCORDING TO LOG TYPE 'PRESENT "
0165 IFCHLTYPE. EQ .1. A!'lD. PORNL1 Cl) . GE. 0.08) PORNSl Cl )=PORNLl (I )+0.03,
01613 I FU'lLTYPE . EO. 1. AND. PORHLl (I) . LT. 0.108) PORNSl (I )=PORNL1( I )+0.025·'
01~'=;7 IF (NLTYPE. EGl. 2 . AND. PORNL1 ( I) . GE . (.j .(14) PORr'~S1 ( I ) =PORNLl (J ) +(1.04
0168 IF CI'll T'r'PE . EQ . 2 . AHD . PORt-,jL1 ( I ) . LT. 0 . (4) PORhlSl ( I ) =PORHLl ( I ) +0 . 03
I~H6S1 IFCNLTYPE. EO. 3)PORNS1 Cl )=A'-B*r:ALOGT(PORNL1( D))
01713 IFCNLYPE.EQ.3) PORNL1(I)=PORNS1(I)
0171 IF (DENMA.GE.2.71) PORhlS1(I)=PORNL1(I)
0172 PORD1 ( I ) = ( DENt',1A-DENA ( I') ) / ( DEN~·1A-DH~~1F )
0173 204 COHTINUE
0174 IF(MTEM.EQ.1) TEMC=TEM
0175 IF (MTEM.EQ.1) TEtvl=9.0/5.0*TEM+32.0
0176
0177 C
°
I F CMTEtT1 . EQ . 0 ) TEtr1C=5. 0:K CTE?rl-32·. 0 ) /'9 .
VOLUt'1E OF SHALE IS' t~E><T CALCULATED US I t~G 3 DIFFERENT CR I TER lA·
0178 C THE LO~JEST VALUE I S ASSUMED TO BE BEST EST I MATE'
0179 CALL VSHGR (GRYtvlIN,GRYMAX)
0180 CALL VSHRD
0181 CAL.L VSHSP CPSP , SSP , SP~1 I ~~ )
0182 CALL SONM (trlTAC, TACFI'r1, TACSHM, TACMAI't1)
0183 WRITE (IPRINT,101)(TITLE(J).J=1.2S)
0184 101 FORI't1AT (lH1,2./ . 50X, IICOr~FIDHHIALII.,/,40X.,20A2,22X.2A2,5X,4A2)
0185 LJR I TE (I PR I HT • 102) HSP, TEMC , TEI'r1, PtrlF , RMF , DENHF , TACFM, TACF
102 FO~l,1AT (40X, IISU~,1t~ARY OF COt,1PUTATION PARA~1ETERSIl,./,
0187 1 4ex, 33( 11_11), /,11><, lit-lUMBER OF SAMPLE POINTS II , 21X, 11:=11.13.,./, 11X,·
0183 2 11 FORt'ilPITIOH TEMP. 11 ,29><, "=11 ,F6. L 2>(, II,CENT1GRADE II ,3X, F4. 0,11 (11 ,
018:3 2 11 FAHREt~HE I T) 11.,3/, :llX, 11 ~11.)D F ILTF~ATE PROFERT I ES I1 .' ./, 11X., 23(11_11 ) ,./ ,
01913 4 15X,IISALIHITY CPPI't1 NACL EQ.)1I,1/'X,I:=II.,F5.4,/,
0191 5 15X,IIRESISTIVITY (OHt"1-r"1ETRE) 11 , 17X, 1Ii=1I ,FS. 4, 3X, 11 AT RESERVOIR 11
(.~i192 6 lICOi'lDITIONSll., /.,
0193 7 15~x~, 11 DEHS I TY CGto1/CC ) 11 , 25X, 11 = 11 , F5 . 4; ./ ,
(.j194 8 15><, 11 I t~TER\JAL Tr;:At·~S I T T I ~,1E (f.1USEC/cto'!) 11 , 9X, 11 =11 , F5 .3, 15X. F5. 1,
(2)195 9 1I (tr1USEC/FT) 11 , 2./)
01S16 WRITE' (IPRINT,103) GRYMIN,DENMA,TACMAM,TACMA,SSP
')197 10:3 FOR~1AT (11)<, 11 MAT~~ I ~-< PROPERT I ES il , / , 11><., 17 ( 11_" ) , ./ .'
0198 =
:l 15:x:, 11 GAMMA RAY MI N I MUM ( AP I UN IT) 11 , 1:3><, 11 11 , F4 . (2), ./ ,
0199 2 15><, IIDENSIT'l (Gt~/CC) 11 ,25X, "=11 ,F5. 3, /,
0200 3 lS><, 11 I NTER'oJAL TRANS I T T I t'tlE (MUSEC/ctT1 :,1 11 ,9><, 11 =11 , F5 .3, 14>-~, F5 . 1·,
0201 4 11 (MUSEC/FT) 11 ,./,
0202 6 15X, 11 STAT I C SPONTAr~EOUS POTENT I AL ( M\J) 11 .' 7X, 11 = 11 i F5 . 1 .' .// )
0203 WR I TE CI PR I HT ,104) GRYMAX, RSH., DEHSH, TACSHM, TACSH, PORNSH, SPlyl I H
02(-)4 104 FORt~AT (11)<, 11 SHALE PROPEF~T I ES II , ./ , 11><, 16 ( 11_11 ) , ./ .'
0205 1 15><,I!GAMMA RA'y' MA><IMUf~(API UNIT)II,13X,II=II,F4.0,./,
0206 2 15X, 11 F:ES I ST I VI TY ( OHt.1-t.1ETRE ) 11 , 17X, 11 = 11 , F5 . 2 , ,
0207 3 15X., "DENSITY (G~~/CC) 11,25><., "=" .' F4. 2, /.,
0208 4 15X, 11 INTERVAL TRAHSIT TIMECMUSEC/CM) 11,:9><,11:=" ,F5. 3.14><. FS.1,
020S1 5 lI(t,1USEC./FT)II,./,15X,II~~EUTRON POROSITY (LST UHIT)",13X,"=II,F4.3,/,
0210 6 15X . 11 SPO~HAr·!EOUS POTE~4T I!~L ( MV ) 11 , 14X, 11 == 11 .. F5 . L .// )
0211 LoJR I TE (I PR I HT , 1105) Rl~ , DEHHYD , BORE
(.)212 105 FORt~AT (
0213 Al1~';, "RiAl-FORti\{iT I OH IJJATER RES. (OHtTl-i'rlETRE) 11 , 10><, 11 =" , F6. 4, / ,
0214 1 11X,I'HYDROCCjRBOH DEHSITY (GI'{1/CC) 11, 17X, 11=11, F4. 3, /,
0215 2 11X,IIBOREHOLE/BIT SIZE (H~CHES)", 18><, 11=11 ,F5.2)
0216 WRITECIPRINT,106)
0217 i06 FOR~,1AT(2/, 1i><, '1~,jOTE(l). *'**' CUT-OFF LH.lITS *** 11 , / , 18><,
O'
0218 1 11 POROSI Ty' =10 PERCENT; SLJ = 55 PERCENT ;SHALE VOLUltlE = 11

··?·19
. 0'-- - "70 PERCENT")
0220 IF ( NLT'i"PE . EO . 1) WR I TE CI PR I NT. 107 )
0221 IFCNLTYFE.EG.2) WRITECIPRINT,1(8)
0222 IFO-..!LT'yPE. EO. 3) WRITEC IPRIHT .1109) A. B
0223 IF. (~~LTYPE. GT . 3) STOP02
0224 107 FOR~'iAT(2/.,1iX . "NOTE(2). SNP NEUTRON LOG USED. 11)
E1225 108 . FORMATC2/.11X."NOTE(2). CNL NEUTRON LOG USED.II)
~)226 109 FORMAT(2/,11X.IINOTE(2). NEUTRON API UNITS CALIBRATED AGAINST II
0227 1 11 OTHER POROS I TYLOGS . 11 , / ' .' 11X,
0228 2 11 POF~OS I T\' = ",Fa .4. 2X, 11 _11 , F8 . 4. 2X, 11 LOG (AP I READ I NG) 11 )
(~229 IFCIPORF.EO.l)WRITECIPRINT,110)
0230 IF( IPORF . EQ. 2)LdRITEC IPRIHT, 111)
0231 IF(IPORF.EG.3)WRITECIPRINT,11Z)
(~232 IFCIPORF.EQ.0.0R.IPORF.GT.3)STOP03
0233 . 110 FORt"'1ATCZ,/, l1X . IINOTE(3). FIHAL POROSITY IS FROM I'hD. 11)
(?r234 111 FORr'1AT(2/, 11><, II riOTE(:3). FniAL POROSITY ,IS AV. SONIC PLUS N-D. II ')
0235 112 FOR~·1ATC2/. 11X, III'lOTE(3). Flt'-~AL POROSITY !S.. AV. SONIC PLUS N-D II ,
0236 t-"i 11 PLUS S Ho·1PLEX. 11 )
0237 WRITE CIPRINT,1(1)CTITLE(J).J=1,26)
(Q238 WRITE CIPRINT,113)
0239 113 FORtT1AT C413>< . 11 SUMMARY OF LEVEL-BY-LEVEL I NPUT" • / ,40X., 31 C11_11 ) , / ,
0240 1 2>< .. 11 SAr.1PLE 11 , SiX. 11 DEPTH 11 , 6X, 11 GAt.1t~A 11 , 5X' 11 DEt~S I TY 11 • 7X I
0241 2 IINEUTRO~~II., 7X .. 11 INTERVAL II , 6X, "PSEUDO"., 6X .. 11 FLUSHED 11 .,.7X, lIMEDIUW',

0242 A 5X, ',' DEEF' 11 • / ,
~)243 3 2X .. It"';~lt,1BER" .1G><. "BRT II , 8X. 11 RA\' 11 ,20X. 11 POROS I TY"' , 6><. "TRANSIT II •
0244 E 8><, 11 SR 11 , 9X ,
0245 4 11 ZOHE 11 , 1E1X, 11 ZOl'lE 11 , 7X. 11 ZONE 11 • / • 67X. 11 T I ME 11 • 7X. 11 Ctr1 ! LL I VOLTS) 11 , 2X I
0246. 5 11 <: 11 ,8 C"_11 ) , 11 RES I ST I V I TY" ,8 C"_11 ) • 11 >11 , . / ,
0247 6 13~x~. 11 (tr1) C(FT)) (AP I Ut-U T) 11 , >C 11 (GM/CC) (FRAC) 11 , 4X, tI (LST UH! T) 11 ,4X.
~~248 7 1i n,1USEC/O,fl 11,14>< .• 11 <"
l0( "_") . "0Hr.1-r.·1ETREII H?( 11_11),11 >11,./ I
I I
0249 8 65><' 11 ( (MUSEC/FT) ) 11 )

0250 DO 205 I=l.HSP ',I
0251 WRITE (IPRINT,li4) I.DPHM(I),DPH(I),GRYCI),DENA(I)!PORD1(I),

0252 1 PORHL l ( I ) , TAChJ( I ) , TAC Cl) , PSP Cl) , RXO Cl) , RM Cl) , RD Cl)
0253 114 FORr,1AT (4X;,1 3, 5X, F6 . L 11 ( 11 , F6. 0, 11 ) 11 , 2X, F4 . 0, 2X, 11 e", F4 . 3, 11 ) 11 , 2X,
0254 1 F4.3/6X,F4.3,9X, 'Il
0255 1 F4 . 2, I1 ( 11 • F5 . L 11 ) 11 • 5><' F4 . L 7:x~ • F5 . 2 , 8X • F5 .2. 6X. F5 . 2 )

()25~3 C FDC BOREHOLE CORRECTION(SCHLUMBERGER CHART POR-5B)
0257 IFCBORE.GE.12.0) DENA(I)=DENAC!)+0.02
0258 205 COHTINUE
IF(NLTYPE.EQ.l) PORNSH=PORNSH+0.03
(~260 IFCNLTYPE.EQ.2) PORNSH=PORHSH+0.04
0261 WRITE (IPRIHT,101) eTITLEeJ),J=1/26)
CALL EXECC8,NAME,TITLE)
0263 CALL LOG4
~~264 END
\3265 SUBROUTINE BLANKCIBUFF)
11 1111 1111 11 1111 ~III 1111 11111111111111 1111 11 111111 11111111 1111 111111 1111 1111 11111: III!,II .. 111111 1111 I1 111111 11111111 1111 11111111
0266 C
~~267 C TH I S SUBROUT I ~~E CLEAF.5 PF.:ECEED I r~G DATA Fl~LE L I NE
~~268 D I tT1Et'6 I ON I BUFF C40 )
026Si DO 100 1=1,40
0270 I BUFF ( I )=2H
0271 100 COf'-lTIHUE
0272 RETI')Rr~
0273 END
0274 SUBROUTINE VSHGR (GRYMIN,GRYMAX)
0275 C
***************************************************************************
THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES THE \lOLU~1E OF SHALE FRor~ GR LOG
0277 INTEGER TITLE
0278 COMt·..10N . DENA ( 1(0) , DPH (1130) , DPHtvl ( 102) , GRY (1130) ,
0279 1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100) ,PORD3(100) ,
0280 2 PORNL1(100) ,PORNL2(100) ,PORNL3CI00) ,
("2~31 3 PORNS1(100),PORNS2(10e),PORNS3(100),PORSC1(100),PORSC2(100),
0282 4 PORF(102),PORKRU(100) ,PORSX(100) ,
0283 5 RXO ( i 00) ,. Rt,1( 100) , RD ( 1010) , RT (100) ,SHR ( 100) , SW ( 102 L
()284 G TAC(100) , TACN( 1(0), TITLE(26), VOLSHC1(2) ,
(~285 7 IHYDR,IRN, IPL, IPORF , LUN, NSP,
f,)286 8 DEt~trlA, DENSH, DEt~r . 1F , DENHy'D , PORNSH, P~'1F , RtrlF , RSH, RLJ ,
()Z87 9 TACMA,TACSH,TACF,IPRINT,LX
0228 LJRITECLUN, le)
10 FO~t,iAT ( 10X., SHAL i NESS FROr,1 GA~1~,1A RAyll)
11
0290 DO 11~n) 1=1, NSP

0291 VOLSH ( I ) =(GR'{ ( I )-GRYtrlIN) / (GR\'MA:,,-GRYtrl IH)
0292 100 CONT I r~UE
0293 WRITECLUH,20) (N,VOLSHCN),N=1,NSP)
r,;~::-,qa. 20 FORt\1AT (10 (2X, I2, = F4 .3 , 2>0 )
11 11 ,
02:35 RETUR~4
0296 EHD
0297 SUBROUTINE VSHRD
0298
(1299
C
C
*************************************************~****************
TH I S SUBROUT I NE CALCULATES THE i/O! .UME OF SHALE FROtrt DEEP
(130(j C RESISTIVITY LOGCI.E. WHEN GR UNRELIABLE)
0301 C AFTER SCHLUHBERGER, 1972-ESSEHTIALS OF LOG INTERP.PRACTICE,P.38
03~!2 I r~TEGEF: TITLE
0303 DIMENSION VOLSH2(100)
0304 COtrltr10H DB·IA (100 ) , DPH (1(0) , DPHM (102) , GRY (100) ,
0:305 1 PORD1(100) ,PORD2(100),PORD3(100) ,
0306 2 POR~·lL 1 (100) , PORl'lL2 (100 ) , PORHL3 (11)0), .
l!307 3 PORr-1S1( 1130 ) , PORr·IS2 (100 ) , PORHS3 (100) , PORSC1 C100) , PORSC2 (100) ,
0309 5 RXO(100),RMC100),RD(100),RTC100),SHR(100),SW(102),
():310 6 TAC(100) ,TACM(100) ,TITLE(26),\lOLSH(102) ,
1'21311 7 IHYDR, IRb1, IPL, IPORF, LUN, HSP"
f,~312 8 DEt'lt'~A, DB-ISH , DH~I'(lF , DEHHYD ,PORt'ISH, Ptl'\F , RtrlF , RSH , RLJ ,
0313 9 TACNA,TACSH,TACF, IPRINT,LX
0314 RLIM=0.0
0315 DO 100 1=1, NSP
0316 C FIND RLIM-HIGHEST RESISTIVITY READING OVER INTERVAL
0317 IFCRDCI).GT.RLIN) RLIM=RDCI)
0318 100 COr-IT IHUE
0319 ~JR ITE (LUr-L 10)
0320 10 FORtriAT ( l0X, 11 SHAL I ~·IESS VALUES FROM RD II )
0321 l.dRITECLUH, 1U' RL It-.1
0322 11 FOF:f,1AT (5X, RL I r~ =", FG .2)
11
0323 IFCRSH.GT.RLIN) WRITECIPRIHT,12) I

(024 12 FORt' lAT ( l0X, 12, 11 SHALE RES IST I IJ ITY IS GREATER THAH RL I trI" )
f
(1325 IFCRSH.GT.RLIN) GO TO 200

0326 DO 200 1=1, liSP
0327 A=RL IN-RD( I )
0328 B=RLIIv1-RSH
0329 vOLSH2(I)=(RSH*A)/(RD(I)~B)
0330 C=RSH/RD ( I )
0331 IFCC.GT.0.5) BETA=1.0
0332 IFCC.LT.0.5.AND.C.GT.0.16) BETA=0.6?
0333 IFCC.LT.O.16) BETA=0.5
0334 VOLSH2(I)=VOLSH2CI)**BETA
0335 IFCVOLSH2CI).LT.VOLSHCI)) VOLSHC!)=VOLSH2CI)
0336 200 CONTINUE
0337 WRITE(LUN,20) CN,VOLSH2CN) ,N=l,NSP)
0338 20 FORt'1ATOO(2X, 12,11:::'1 ,F4.3,2X))
(G39 RETURN
0340 EI'JD
(l341 SUBROUTINE VSHSP(PS~,SSP,SPMIN)
(042 c ************************************************%*****************
0343 c THIS SUBROUTINE'CALCULATES SHALINESS FROM SP LOG
0344 I t~TEGER TITLE
0345 DIMENSION PSPC1(0),VOLSH3C100)
(";l346 Cm'lMON DENA (100) , DPH ( 1(0) , DPHtvj ( 102) , GRY ( 100) ,
1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100),PORD3(100),
(043 ,2 PORNLlC 1(0), PORt--JL2 (100 ), PORNL3 Cl00 ),
0349 3 PORNS1(100),PORNS2(1~0),PORNS3(100),PORSC1(100),PORSC2(100) ,
0350 4 PORF C102) , PORI<RU ( 1(0) , PORSX ( 1(0) ..
0351 5 R><O C1(10) ,Rtl1 ( 1(0) , RD ( 1(0) , RT ( 1(0) ,SHR C1(0) , SW ( 1102) ,
6 TAC(100) . TACN(100),TITLE(26),VOLSHC102),
0253 7 I HYDR, IRN, IPL I PORF , LUt'-L t'-lSP ,
0354 8 DEHt,1A, DENSH, DEt~MF , DE~~HYD, POR~~SH, Pt·1F , R~'lF RSH , RL.J ,
I
0355 9 TACMA,TACSH . TACF,IPRINT,LX

0356 WR ITE (LUI'L 10)
10 FORt',1AT ( l0X, 11 SHAL INESS FROM SP LOG")
0358 DO 100 I=l . NSP
0359 VOLSH3(!)=1.0-(PSPCI)-SPMIN)/(SSP-$PMIN)
('360 IFCVOLSH3(I).LT.VOLSHCI)) VOLSHCI)=VOLSH3(I)
0361 100 COHTIHUE
(1362 t..JR ITE (LUt-{, 20) (t~, VOLSH3 (N) , N:::l ,HSP)
20 FORt~AT(10(2X. 12, "=" ,F4. 3 . 2>0)
0364 RETURN
('365 EHD
SUBROUT I t'~E SO~~trl ( MTAC, TACFfYI., TACSHM TACMAt1) I
(067 t;t:;f:;r.t;t:;+:*;Ktt*;rt;+:;K;f~:+:;t:;Kt;t;t*;r;f:;t;+:t;f:;+:tt;+::+:;K;f::t:;+::t:;f:;t;r:+:;r.;K;+:t;+:;~tt*)I:;t:**;K)f.:+:***;r.;~*:K*~::K**;+:;t::+:
c: THIS SUBROUTINE CONVERTS OIL FIELD SONIC VALUES
03(39 c TO METRIC UNITS AND VICE-VERSA
IHTEGER TITLE
C)371 Cor~HOi'~ DEt·IA ( 100) , DPH ( 100) , DPHr~ ( 1 (12) .. GRY ( 1(0) ,
8372 1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100),PORD3(100),
2 PORNL1(100) ,PORNL2(100) ,PORNL3(100) ,
0374 3 PORNS1(100),PORNS2(100) ,PORNS3C1(0) ,PORSC1C1(0) ,PORSC2 (100),
~)37'3 5 RXO ( 10()) .' Rt~ (1(10) .. RD ( 100) . RT ( 1')0) , SHR ( 100) ) 51,,1 ( 102) .
0377 6 TAC(10e) ,TACM(le0),TITLE(26) ,VOLSHCle2) ,
7 IHYDR,IRM, 1PL,IPORF,LUN,NSP,
0379 8 DErUr1A DEtiSH , DEi'~tYjF , DEt'~HYD , PORi'6H , Pt'f\F , Rt~F RSH RloJ ,
J J I
0380 9 TACtr1A TACSH, TACF , IPR IHT LX

J I
~"-=::::<1 ! F ( t"1TAC .EQ . 1) TACF =TACFt.30 .48

0382 IF(NTAC.EO.l) TACSH=TACSH*G0.48
()383 IF (",nAC . EQ . 1) TACMA=TACMA*30. 48
0384 DO 100 I=l,HSP
0385 IF ( MTAC . EQ . n TAC ( I ) =TAC ( I ) *30 . 48
(?'\386 TAC~i( I )=TAC ( I ) /3cj . 48
0387 1013 COr-1TINUE
0388 TACFM=TACF/30.48
0389 TACSHN=TACSH/30.48
039121 TACMAM=TACMA/30.48
0391 RETURN
03~l2 END
0393 EHD$
J)
LKLOG6 T=00003 IS ON CR0C009 USING 00078 BLKS R=0000·
0001 FTH4,B
00~)2 PROGRA~1LOG6CS)
(~003 INTEGER TITLE
(~(104 DIMENSION NAME(3)
0005 COl'tltrlON DENA ( 100) , DPH ( 100) , DPH~1 ( 102) , GRY C100) ,
0006 1 PORD1(100),PORDZ(100) ,PORD3(100) ,
0007 2 PORNL1(100),PORNL2(100) ,PORNL3(100) ,
0008 3 PORNS1(100),PORNS2C100),PORNS3(100),PORSC1(100).PORSC2(100),
0009 4 PORF(102),PORKRU(100) ,PORSX(100) , "
(
0010 5 RXO(100),RN(100),RD(100),RT(100) ,SHR(100) ,SW(102),

~)011 G TAC(100) ,TACN(100),TITLE(2G) ,VOLSH(102) ,
0012 /' IH'y'DR, IRl'ti, I PL, I PORF ,LUl'4, r-1SP,
0013 8 DEHt)'lA, DEl'-lSH, DENtr lF , DEt"HYD , PORNSH , PI'r1F , RMF , RSH , Rh! ,
0014 9 TACf\'lA., TACSH., TACF, I PR I NT , LX
0015 DATA NAME /2HLO,2HG7,2H ,/
0016 CALL l<RUG
0017 CALL SONIC
0018 CALL EXEC(8,NAME,TITLE)
,)c.:H~3 CALL LOG4
13020 EHD
SUBF:OUT I NE KRUG
0022
0023
C
C
*********************************{*******************************
SHALY SAl-m CROSS-PLOT ---AFTER J . A . &COX, D .0. -1976, SPIJJLA
1<~i)G.
0024 II';TEGER TITLE
0025 REAL LLLZ
0~J26 DIMENSION DELDENCS),DELPNS(G),IVARC4),ROHYD(S)
0027 COMt(10H DEt-·1A ( 100) , DPH ( 100) , DPHM ( 102) , GRY ( 1eo) .
1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100),PORD3(100),
\"]029 2 PORHLl (100), PORNL2( 1(0), POR~~L3( 1(0),
('(.1:](1 3 PORt"..jSl (100), POr;NS2( 1~'0), PORHS3( 100) ,PORSCl (100) ,PORSC2( 100) ,
0032 5 RXO (00) , F:t(j ( 100), RD ( 1 (210) , F~T (100) , SHR (100) , Sl,J 0(2) ,
(j033 6 "TAC(100) ,TACM(100),TITLE(26) ,VOLSH(102) ,
0034 7 I t1\lDR I Rtrl I PL I PORF LUi-i t,tSP ~
J J J I I
00:35 8 DENMA,DENSH,DENNF,DENHYD,PORNSH,PMF,RMF,RSH,RW,
0036 9 TACirlA, TACSH, TACF, I PR I 1'1T, u<
0037 DATA F:OH\'D( 1) /0 "1/, ROHYDCZ) /0.3/, ROHYD(3) /0. S/,
0038 1 ROHYD(4) /0.7/,ROHYD(S) /0.8/,ROHYD(6) /1.0/
0039 DATA DELDEH(1)'/-.0350/,DELDEN(2)'/-.0654/,DELDEN(3)/-,046/.
0040 1 .DELDEH (4) /-.0260/, DELDEl'-H 5) /-.13160/, DELDEI'H 6) /0.0/
0041 DATA DELPNS(l) /.08/,DELPNS(2) /.0540/,DELPNS(3) /.0270/,
1 DELPNS(4) /-.O/,DELPNS(S) /-.0130/,DELPNSCS) /0.0/
0043 DATA IVAR/2HVA.2HRI,2HAB,2HLE/
0044 C INITIALIZE FINAL N-D POROSITY -PORKRU
0(2145 DO 100 1==1. 50
0(\46 100 PORKRU(!)=0,0
';''.:147 C DEFINE LENGTHS OF MATRIX-SHALE-FLUID TRIANGLE (ALPHA,BETA,GAMMA)
0048 C COSW &. S I NW OF AHGLE BETWEEN ALPHA&GAtrllrlA
0049 R=DEHMF-DEHI(lA
~.1(2J5(1 $=DENt"(lF -DEHSH
(.",;'C" -1
._"0£_",_1 J. T=Da"~SH-DEr-~t~A
0052 U=PORHSH
0053 ALPHA~SQRT«(R*R)+1.0)
0054- BETA~SQRT(S*S+Cl.0-U)**2)
0(~S5 GAHI't1A==SQRT CT;+:T;- ( lttU) ) ,
0056 COS~J=((ALPHA*ALPHA)-BETA*BETA+GAMMA*GAMMA)/(2.0*GAMMAr.ALPHA)
00S7 SI Nld=SQRT ( 1 . 0-COShJ**2)
0058 C Ll IS PERPENDICULAR DIST. FROM FLUID PT. TO GAMMA LINE EXTENSION
0059 C L2 IS PERPEl'tDICUL.AR FROM SHALE PT.TO ALPHA
0060 L1=ALPHA*SINW
0061 L2=GAIY1t-rlA*S I NlJ
0062 C THETA I S SLOPE OF L I !'IE PARALLEL TO GAtr1MR ( I SO-POROS I TY)
0063 THETA==ATAN(-T./U)
0064 SINTH=SIN(THETA)
0065 COSTH~COS(THETA)
0066 IF(IHYDR.EQ.1) GO TO 101
C IF NO RXO LOG- OBTAIN CORRECTIONS TO DENSITY&NEUTRON LOGS
eOGS C FROtl1 TABLES OF DELDE!'1 & DELPHS VERSUS ROH'y'DCASSUlY1ING POR;~SHR:.::0. 08)
<X't39 CALL TERP CDENDEL,DENHYD,DELDEN,ROHYD,b.LUN)
0C:)70 CALL TERP (PNSDEL,DENHYD,DELPNS,ROHYD,6,LUN)
0071 WRITE (LUN,500) ALPHA,COSW,THETA,BETA,Ll.DENDEL,GAMMA,L2,PNSDEL
(?!()72 500 FOR~,1AT (40)<., 11 CROSS-PLOT APPROACH'! J , / ,i 40X, 10 (11_11 ) J X, 8 ( "_11 ) .2/ '.
0(373 1 5X, 11 ALPHA ==11 F6. 4, 12X .. IICOSl.d =", F5. 3 . 14XJ 11 THETA 11 , 18>C /I =11 ,F5. 3,""",
>
0t:J74 2 5X, 11 BETA ~II, F6 . 4, 12X, 11 Ll =11 , F5. 3, 14X, 11 DEtiSI TY LOG CORRECT I Or-Pi, .
~)()7S
3 11 ~",F4.3,3X,/I(ASSUMING POR*SHR=0.08 IF tiO R><O LOG)II.,/,
0076 4 5X, 11 GAtilt'r1A ==/1, F6 . 4, 12X, 11 L2 ='1 , F5 . 3, 14X, 11 !'tEUTRON LOG CORRECT 10!'!" ,
0('77 5 11 =II,F4.3)
0078 101 IF(IHYDR.EQ.l) WRITECLUN,501) ALPHA,COSW,THETA,BETAJL1,(IVARCJ),
0079 A J=1,4-),GAMMA,L2,(IVAR(~),J=l,4)
501 FOR~'1AT (4~)X . /I CROSS-PLOT APF'~~OACHII,,/, 40X. 10 ( "_11 ) , ><,8 ( "_11 ) ,2/ ,
01.331 1 5><, 11 ALPHA ~", F 6 . 4, 12~<, It COSW = It , F5 . 3, 14~";, 11 THETA 11 , 18X, 11 == 11 , FS . 3, / ,
0082 2 5X.IIBETA =". F6. 4,12><:, IILl =11, F5. 3, 14X, IIDEt-..jSITY LOG CORRECTION" J
'~(183 3 I J = 11 4A2 .' j'

I 1
0084 4 5X. 11 GAMMA ~/I. F6. 4, 12X. IIL2 =11, F5. 3. 14X, IINEUTRoti LOG CORRECT I ON 11 ,
0(.385 5 11 ~",4A2)
~1086 LdR I TE ( I PR I HT. 5(12)
0087 502 FORt,1AT(/, 5X .. IISAt·1PLEII , 5X, 11 DEPTH 1 ,4X,
(,1388 6 " SHALE 11 • 6X, "DENS I 1'"'('" • 6X, "NEUTRON" , 5X, 11 DENS I TY" , 5X , 11 t-~EUTRON 11 • 3X ,
0~'29 7 11 SHR" , 5X, /I I TER-" , 8X. 11 H-D 11, / • 5X, "HUt'1BER" , 14X, "VOLUt·~EII , 6X.
0(~90 8 11 <-SHALE CORRECTED-> " , 4X, 11 <HYDROCARBO~~ CORRECTED> 11 , 9~-<, 11 AT ION" ,
0091 9 5><, 11 POROS I TY" ,/, 25X.
00:32 A r; <11 , 35 ( 11 _11 ) , i I FRACT I miAL 11 ,35 ( 11 _11 ) 11 >" ,/)
J
(.1093 DO 1000 1=1 . HSP

0094 E= ( (R;f~PORt'I:51 Cl) ) -DEN A( I ) +DEHtr1A) /SORT C(R;KR) +1.0)
0')~::15 C OBTAIH SHALE VOLUME FROf,1 CROSS-PLOT
0096 I.JOLSH2=-B/L2
0097 AVOL~ABS(VOLSH2-VOLSH(I)~
0')98 C SHALIHESS IS FROM X-PLOT IF .GT. INDEPENDENT METHOD VALUE
0099 IF(VOLSH2.GT.VOLSHCI)) VOLSHCI)=VOLSH2
0100 C
0101 C SHALE C:UT-OFF VALUE OF 70 PERCEt-H nnRODUCED
0102 C
01(~~3 IF (VOLSH ( 1) . LT .0 .7) GO TO 50
0104 PORD2C!)=0.0
0105 PORD3(I)=0.0
0106 PORHS2( I) ~0. El
0107 PO~NS3 ( I ) =0 . 0
0108 PORI<RU ( I ) =0 . 0
0109 SHR( I )=0.0
0110 ITER=0
0111 GO TO 107
0112 C DENSITY & NEUTRO~1 LOGS ARE CORRECTED FOR SHALINESS)
0113 50 DENA2=DENA(I)+(GAMNA*VOLSH(I)*SINTH)
0114 PORD2 ( I ) =( DE~~~tA- DE"IA2 ) / ( -R)
0115 PORNS2 ( I ) =PORt~S 1 ( I ) - ( GAl'rlMA*\lOLSH ( I ) *COSTH )
0116 .. ITER=0
0117 IFCIHYDR.EQ.0) GO TO 105
0118 C PORX - IS ESTH;lATE OF FH4AL N-D POROSIT)'
0119 PORX=(PORD2(1)+PORNS2(I))/2.0
0120 102 ITER=ITER+l
0121 IF(ITER.EQ.l) GO TO 103
0122 PORX~~PORKRU( I)
0123 103 APOR=ABSCPORD2(I)-PORNS2(I))
0124 C IF HEUT. &DEt·1S POROS I TIES ARE APPROX EQ., NO SHR CORRECT IONS NEEDED
0125 C
0126 C Llt~IT OF RESOLUTION OF POROSITY LOGS IS CONSIDERED TO BE 2 PERCENT
0127 C
0128 IF(APOR.LE.0.02) SHRCI)~0.0
0129 IFCAPOR.LE.O.(2) GO TO 104
0130 C CALCULATE SXO FROM CORIBAND EQN.
0131 CALL CORSWCI,PORX)
0132 C CORF:ECT IONS TO DEI--lS I TY&NEUTRON LOGS FOR HYDROCARBON EFFECTS-
013:3 C SCHLUlYlBERGER W.E.C. NORTH SEA 197G,P.45
0134 104 DELDH=- C( 1 . 07:.i:POR>~;f:SHR ( I ) ):+: ( ( ( 1 . 11-0 . lS*PlylF)
0135 1 *DEt·l~·1F) - ( 1 . 15:tDEtiHYD) ) )
0136 r€LPS=(PORX*SHRCI))*CDENMF*Cl.0-PMF)
0137 1 - ( 1 . 67:+:DEHHYD ) +0 . 17) / ( DEHtylF:t: ( 1 . 0-PMF) )
i)1:::8 C H'y'Dk~OCARBON CORRECTED DENS I T~( &. ~iEl)TRON LOG READ I t~GS
0139 DENA3=DEHA2-DELDt'-i
014(\ F'ORD3 ( I ) ~ ( DEt-.lMA-DEHA3 ) / ( -R )
0141 PORNS3(I)=PORNS2(I)+DELPS
0142 GO TO 106
0143 C IF 1'10 RXO LOG, CORRECT IONS ARE AS FOLLOl"JS
0144 105 DENA3=DENA2-DENDEL
,-;;·1 (1
'"-''''"~'-'
c: PORD3CI)=(DENMA-DENA3)/C-R) . I
.',
PORHS3 ( I ) =PORriS2 ( I ) +FNSDEL
SHR( 1)=0.4
0143 C IF SHALINESS FROM IHDEPENDEHT ItIETH. & CROSS-PLOT ARE APPROX. EQUAL
014:3 C THH~ ~~O COr;:~RECTIOt~ t~EEDED TO Da~. &NEUT. LOGS
0150 106 IF (AVOL . LE . 0 . 05 ) DE"IA3~DEt-·IA2
0151 IFCAVOL.LE.0.05) PORD3CI)=PORD2(I)
("152 IF (AVOL.LE.0.0S)PORNS3(I)=PORNS2(I)
0153 D=T/U
0154 A=(CD:tPORNS3CI))-DENA3+DENMA)/
0155 1 SORT CCD*D)+1.0)
0156 PORt<RUCI)~A/Ll
~'157 IF(PORKRU(I).LT.0.0) PORKRUCI)=0.0
0158 C COIJERGENCE TEST .
0159 C I F THE H'r'DF:OCARBON CORRECTED VALUE OF I-.lEUTRON POROS I TY
GiGO C . I (POR~··lL3) IS GREATER THAI'4 THE I ~'4 ITIAL HYDROCARBON
0161 C CORRECTED DENSITY POROSITYCPORD3),
0162 C THE~·1 COI'1VEF:GEHCE I S HO LOHGEF: OCCURR 1~~G OR EST I t·1ATE
':~~U33 C OF SHR IS TOO HIGH.
DIF=CABSCPORKRUCI)-PORX))
0165 IFCITER.EQ.1) X=PORD3(!)
011.::;(; IF ( ! TER. GE .1 .AND. PORNS3 Cl ) .GT .X) GO TO 107 .
011:37 .. IF(DIF.GT.0.02AND.ITER.LT.10) GO TO 102
0168 107 L'JR I TE ( I PR ! NT 503 ) I, DPH~l ( I ) , VOLSH ( I ) , DENA2 , PORD2 ( I ) ,
J
0169 ':.. ~ PORNS2C I) DENA3, PORD3( I) ,PORt~S3( I), SHR( I ), ITER, PORKRU( I)
.\
J
0170 '. 503 FORlrIAT(SX, 13 . 4X, F6. L 6X, F4. 3, 6X:. F4. 2,11 ( " , F4. 3,1\) 11 ,5X, F4 .3.
0171 ,
1 -".... F4 .:;.
/ ,"''\ ,I • '- }
n t.'
'11 F4 ...-,
:J.- 11)11
, J
4X F4 ."'\ 4"'"
1'.1 -1'\ F4 '3 JUt'. 13 1 oX
....) .' J • _ U . . ' F4 "
C'l,,) 3)'
J
01:'2 10("·3 CO~-lT I NUE

0:173 RETURN
t11?.:i END
0175 SUBROUTIHE TERP (A, B, Y, X, KMAX,LUN)
0175
C ***t*r*~:::t:*;t*;t;~r***;t:*;t***:t-';~**-**************************;t:************
A IS UNf<NOtA.lN VALUE OF 'y' AT X = B
(i178 DIMENSIOH Y(S),X(S)
017S1 f<=l
0180 Ir-(B.LT.0.0)GO TO 12
0181 IF (B- X(1))1,2,2
01g2 1 A = Y(l)~ B / XCI)
0183 GO TO 20
0184 2 COt-lT I riUE
IF (X(KMAX)- 8)12,3.4
0136 12 WR I TE ( 6, 9) ;.~ ( KITiAX ) , B
(H87 STOP 10
0188 3 A = YCl<t~AX)
0189 GO TO 20
OE7jO 11 IF « >« V.t~A>O -B) .LE .0 .0) GO TO 12
0191 K=K+l
(~192 4 IF (XCK)- B) 5,6,7
0193 5 GO TO 11
0194 6 A= Ycro
0195 GO TO 20
0196 7 A= Y(K-l) + (Y( K) '-Y 0<-1) ) (B-X 0<-1)) / * (X( K) -X 0(-1) )
~1197 GO TO 20
0198 9 FORMATUSX,"\./ALU[ BEYO~m TABLE .. I<MAX =11 ,E14.6,//,38X,"B:: " E14.6)
0199 20 COI'IT I HUE
0200 ~ETURti
(1201 EHD
0202 SUBROUT I ~·lE SOH I C
0203
0204 C
C
****t*****~*~k~*********~X******t*****************************************~
TH I S SUBROUT I tiE CALCULATES POROS I TY FRot~ SOH I CLOG
0205 II'lTEGE:.R TITLE
0206 COI~t'~ON DEHAC 100), DPH( 100), DPHtY1( 102), GRY( 100) ,
0207 1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100) ,PORD3(100) ,
0208 2 PORHLl (100) ,POR~lL2 (1 .~) ,PORNL3( 100) ,
f12vJ':} 3 PORHSl (lG(Gl) PORHS2( 100) ,PORHS3( 100), PORSCl (100), PORSC2( 100), .
J
02F~ 4 PORF ( 102) , PORI<RU ( 100) ,PORSX ( 100) I

~3211 5 RXO(100) ,RM(100) ,RD(100),RT(100),SHR(100) ,SW(102),
0212 6 TAC:( 1013) TACtr1 (013) TITLE (26) VOLSH ( 102) ,
J J J
0213 7 IHYDR, I Rt~ I PL . I PORF , LU~~, ~·ISP

J J
0214 8 DEHMA, DD-ISH, DEHMF , DEI-JHYD, PORNSH , PMF , RtrlF , RSH , RW ,

0215 9 TACt~A, TACSH TACF, I PR I t4T, LXJ
0216 A=(TACSH-TACMA)/(TACF-TACMAJ
0217 DO HJ0 1=1, HSP
--------
('218 PORSC1(1)=(TAC(I)-TACNA)/(TACF-TACNA)
0219 C BECAUSE OF CONPACTION,SHALINESS,AND NON-LINEAR LOG
0220 C RESPOHSE TO GAS SATURAT I at-I, SON I C paRaS I TY
0221 C VALUES ARE QUESTIONABLE
i~222 PORSC2(!)=PORSC1(I)-(A*VOLSHCI))
(~223 C
(~224 C SHALE CUT-OFF VALUE OF 70 PERCENT INTRODUCED \ .
0225 C
0226 IFCVOLSHCI) .GE.0.7)PORSC2(I)=0.0
0227 100 CONTINUE
(~228 RETURN
0229 a·m
0230 SUB ROUT I tiE CORSW (I, POR>< )
0231 C ****~~*********************************************************************
0232 C HORTH SEA-ldELL E'v'ALUAT ION CONFEREI-ICE, 1974.
I ~nEGER TITLE
0234 DI tylEHS I Ot,~ POR-< ( 100 )
0235 COMMON DENA(100),DPH(100),DPHM(102),GRY(100),
I2l236 1 PORD1(100) ,PORD2(100) ,PORD3(100) ,
0237 2 PORI'-lLH 100) , PORHL2 Cl 00 ) , PORNL3 ( 100) ,
3 POkNS1 ( 1(0) ,PORt-lS2 ( 100) , POkNS3 ( 100) , PORSC1 ( 100) ) PORSC2 ( 100 ) ,
5 RXO(100),RMC100),RDC100),RT(100),SHR(100),SW(102),
0241 6 TAC(100) ,TACM(100) >TITLE(26) ,VOLSH(102) ,
(1242 7IHYDR,IRM,IPL,IPORF,LUN,NSP,
0243 8 DENMA, DENSH , DENMF , DEI'-IHYD , PORt~SH , Pt·1F , RMF , RSH , RlJ I
0244 9 TACMA,TACSH,TACF,IPRINT,LX
0245 A=PORX*PORX/0.8/RMF
0246 B=VOLSHCI)/RSH
0247 C=-1.0/RXOCI)
('243 SXO=(-B+$QRT«(B*.B)-(4.0*A*C)))/2.0/A
0249 IF(PORXCI).LE.0.04)SXO=1.0·
0250 IFC5XO.LT.0.0) SXO=0.0
0251 IF(SXO.GT.l.0) SXO~1.0
0252 SHR(I)~1.0-SXO
0253 RETURH
~~254
02St;:.
LKLOG7 T=00003 IS ON CR00009 USING 00032BLKS R=0000
0001 FTN4,B
0002 PROGRAM LOG7(5)
0003 C 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 IIU 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 111111 11 I1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
c:~c:~(j4 C XXXXXXXXXXXXXK~XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0005 C ' I1 i 1 11 11 11 11 II 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11, 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1111 11 11 11 11 11 '
0006 C
(~007 r::: OPTIMISING B'( SIr·1PLE></METHOD
0008 C SIMPLEX CRITERION USED TO SELECT PIVOT VAR
0009 C REAL VARIABLES PUNCHED ON CARDS BEFORE SLACK OR ARTIFICIAL ONES
(~)0i(j C: IM = (1 IF NAXIMISING, AND 1 IF MININISING
0011 C Il;..l = NUMBER OF CO~~STRA nn EG~~~S"
0012 C 12 = NUMBER OF COLUMNS PLUS INDEX COLUMN
O()l:3 C IY=NUMBER OF REAL VARIABLES PLUS 1
l)014 C LUN= 6 IF ALL INTERMEDIATE TABLEAUS TO BE PRINTED
0015 C MAXIMUM NO. OF CONSTRAINT'EGN = 20
(?'!C'J16 C r.1AX I WJt·1 NO. \lA~~ I ABLES - I r~CLUD I W.~SLAO< to. ART I FIe I AL, = 14
0017 INTEGER TITLE,AMIN,AMAX
0018 DIMENSION NAME(3),D(20,15),PC14),IBVC20), "
0tl19 1 SC(14),FMT(20),AMIN(4),AMAX(4)
0(\20 COMMON DENA(100),DPH(100),DPHMC102),GRY(100),
0021 1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100),PORD3(100),
0022 2 PORNL1(100) ,PORNL2(100) ,PORNL3C1(0) ,
()(~\23 3 PORt-lS1 (1~ , PORHS2 (1(0) , PORt"S3 (100) , PORSCl ( 1(0) ,PORSC2 (100) ,
(.)(.)24 4 PORF(102),PORKRU(100) ,PORSX(100) ,
0025 5 R><OO(0), Rtr1(100), RD( 1(0), RTC 1(0), SHRC 100), SWC1(2),
(X~26 6 TACC1(0),TACMC100) ,TITLE(26) ,VOLSH(102) ,
0027 7 IHYDR., IRM., IPL, IPORF., LUN , NSP,
0(\28 8 DEt-lt..1A DEI'·6H, DEHt··1F ~ DEI'~HYD, POR~iSH , Pt,1F , RMF , RSH, Rkl ,
J
0029 9 TACMA,TACSH,TACF,IPRINT,LX
(~030 DATA HAt"'IE /2HLO, 2HG8, 2H ./ .' At·~ IN/2Htr1 L 2HH I , 2Ht)'1U, 2HM ./,
ocr::! 1 AMAX/2HMA,2HXI,2HMU,2HM /
0032 IFCLUN.NE.3) LUN=6
0033 IFCDENHYD.LE.0.5) GO ,TO 51
0034 C SET PROGRAM FOR MAXIMISING OBJECTIVE FUNCTION (POROSITY)
0035 11"'1=0
0(.::;36 C DEFINE OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS COEFFICIENTSCPCM»)
0037 C PO )IS MATRIX FUNCTICN
0tj38 C P( 2) I S SHALE / OR OTHER Ir1 Il'lERAL '.JAR IABLE FlNCT ION
0039 C P(3) IS THE POROSITY OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
0040 C P(4) TO P(7) ARE ARTIFICIAL 'IJ'ARIABLE FUNCTIONS
0041 C pes) TO PC 11) 'ARE CONSTRAIHT FUHCTIONS
.0042 11=0
0043 DO 50 JK=l,NSP
0044 11=11+1
'0045 P(1)=@.0
0046 P(2)=0.0
0047 . P(:3)=1 .0
0048 P(4)=-9000.0
0049 P(5)=-9000.0
0050 P(6)=-9000.0
0051 P ( 7 ) =-~3000 . 0
0052 P(8)=0.0
0053 P(9)=0.0
~)054 P(10)=0.0
0055 P(11)=0.0
~)~)56 DO 67 1=1,20
0()57 I BV ( I ) =~j .0
0058 IFC1.LE.14) 5CCI)=0.0
0059 67 FMT( 1)=0.0
0060 Ita..!=7
0061 12=11
()()62 I'y'=4 ~ . \
0063 IU=I'y'-l
0064 IX=IZ-1
0\)65 L=l
~)066 1= D<- Ild
00137 DO 68 ·J=l, I
(~0G8 ., L=L*,)
0l)69 68 CO~.JT I ~~UE
0070 t',1=1
(?J(~Pl 1=1><
0072 l<=ILJ+l
0073 DO 69 .J=f< .. I
0(374 tTI=to1;f:,)
0075 69 COHTIHUE
·0(06 C DEFINE UPPER LIMIT OF ITERATIONS (IV).
0077 I'oJ=M/L
fGi(i78 DO 3~H M=L IloJ
~ O(j79
0080
DO 301 N=L 12
D(lyL 1'0=0.0
0(2)81 301 CONTI~~UE
0(?82 D( 1 . 1 )=DE~~MA
0083 D( 1, 2)=DD'ISH
0~184 D( 1 . 3)=DEHt·1F
l)085 DC1.4)=1.0
0086 DC 2,2) =PORtiSH
0087 IH2.,3)=1.0
0088 D(2,5)=1.0
0089 D ( :3, 1 ) =TActIjA
0090 D(3,Z)=TACSH
0091 D(3,3)=TACF
,?,lO92 DC3, E;)=l. 0 (.'
0093 D(4,1)=1.0
(?o()~34 D(4,2)=1.0
0(1~j5 ,,-.
D(4 . 3)=1.0
0096 DC4,7)=1.0
~10::"J7 [HA .. 11)=1 . (1
0098 D(5,l)=1.(2)
0099 D(5,8)=1.0
0100 C"... D (5, 11) I S t~A>< I t~Ut~ pass I BLE VALUE OF tr1AT~~ I >< VOLUt~E
0101 DC5,11)=1.00
0102 D(6,2)=1.0
0103 D(6,9)=1.0
0104 C D(6,11) IS MAXIMUM POSSIBLE VALUE OF SHALINESS
()H?J5 IHG, 11 )=1.0
01El6 D(7,3)=1.0
(,i1f2,i7 D(7,10)=1.0
0108 C DC/,ll) IS MAXIMUM POSSIBLE VALUE OF POROSITY
0109 D(7 , 11) =0 .40
(~llH) DC 1 .. 11 )=DENAeJK)
0111 D(2,11)=PORNS1(JK)
0112 DC] .. 11 )=TAC(-..H<)
0113 . IFCJl<.GT.l) GO TO 306
0114 C IBV(L) IS INITIAL SOLUTION
0115 WRITE (LUN,102)(TITLECJ),J=1,26)
0116 102 FORMAT (1H1 , 2/ , 5eX, 11 COt-..lF I DEt~T I AL 11 , / , 40X. 20A2, 22X. 2A2, 5X , 4A2 , / )
0117 3(~6 IF(,)!<. EQ. 1)h.lRI 1'E(LUN . 1 ) II.~, IX . IU
0118
-0119
1 FORMAT ( "GNO. OF CONSTRAINTS =
11, 13.....· /1 TOTAL NO. OF VARIABLES = ", 13
1/" t·-lO. OF REAL VAR I ABLES = ,11 , I 3/"0DATA" /" 11)
0120 IF(')f<. EG!. l)l\IRITE (LUN, 2) (P(rq) .. M=1, IX)
0121 2 FORMATC1X,15F9.3)
0122 C IF r·1Ir-llt·ilISIt·..jG, OBTAlr-l ·NEGATIVE OF OBJECTIVE FUr-lCTION, THEt-l r.1AX.
0123 IF(IM.EQ.0) GO TO 15
.0124 DO 16 ·..1=1, IU
0125 16 P( .))=-P (,))
0126 15 CONTINUE
(?l12? DC) 3 tol=1 J IL.J
(1128 C I.AIR I TE OUT TABLE OF \JAR I ABLES .. ROI.J.l BY RO~J
0129 3 IF CJK . EQ . 1 ) WR I TE (U--!N , 2) (D ( M, N) , N=L I Z)
01:30 DO 2t" 1'-1= I 'r'., I ><
0131 c I.E. N=4,10; L=1,7
t)132 DO 30 L=L ILJ
01:33 C FIND INITIAL SOLUTION COLUMNS
. 0134 lFCDCL,H).HE.1.0) GO ,TO 30
'-'11''-"-'
, ""\. ":.
JC
IBVCL)=N
0136 GO TO 20
0137 30 CONTINUE::
01:38 20 CONTINUE
0139· C HOP IS PIVOT TIMES COUNTER
~H40 NOP=0
0141 13 SNX=0.
0142 DO 31 1'1==1. I X
~H43 DO 32 I=l .. II,!,J
0144 C I.E. H=L le .: 1=1,7 p
0145 lFCN.EQ. lBVCl)) GO TO 31

CH 46 32 co~nINUE
0147 C THE FOLLOWING SECTION IDENTIFIES THE LARGEST SIMPLEX CRITERIA-
0148 SUt··1=0.
014~3 DO 33 1=1. HJ
(21150 ·J=IBVC I)
L3151 33 SUtr1=SUt~+P( ....1 ) *D ( I , H)
0152' se (N) =P CH) -SUtr1
0153 IFCSCCN).LE.SMX) GO TO 31
0154 Strl><=SC ( t,~ )
0155 IPC=H
(.3156 31 cor·n H~UE
0157 C SEE I F trlA>< I MUM SIMPLEX eR I TER I Ol'i I S POS I T I \lE
0158 IFCSMX.LE.0.) GO TO 14
0159 l~ HEXT i;.JE HEED TO DETERN I t'~E THE PI \JOT ROI.).! (I PR) .
0160 C THE FOLLOL.J I NG SET OF STATEMENTS SHOULD CAUSE THE CQtYlPUTER
0161 C TO DI\J IDE EACH OF THE POS IT I\lE ELEI',1ENTS IN THE PIVOT COLUMN
0162 C I HTO THE IR CORRESPOHD IHD ELEtT1ENTS IH THE IHDEX COLUHH,
0163 C AND TO STORE THE VARIABLE "IPC",THE NUMBER OF THE ROW YIELDING
0164 C THE SMALLEST QUOTIENT.
0165 S~lL=99999999 .
0166 DO 4 tr1=L IW
0167 IFCDCM,IPC))4,4,5
01i3S 5 QNT = DC/'o1,IZ)/D(/'o1,IPC)
0169 IFCQNT. GE. SNL) GO TO 4 .
0170 IPR=fyj .r:
0171 S~1L=QNT
0172 4 COt'lT I NUE
0173 C BY NOW THE POSITION OF THE PIVOT HAS BEEN DETERMINED
0174 C ITS COLUMN - IPC,AND ITS ROW - IPR
0175 C OH COtYlPLET IOH OF THE NEXT I TERAT I ot~, THE \lALUE IN- THE INDEX COLUt-t1N
(H76 C OF. ROt..J IPR LoJILL BE THE SOLUTION FOR THE VARIABLE WHOSE
e'" -,--,/'
~ J.,.~ C SUBSCRIPT IS IPC
0178 I B'v' ( I PF: ) = I PC
017~j C WE NOW DIVIDE ALL THE ELEMENTS IN THE PIVOT ROW
0180 C BY THE ELEMENTS IN THE PIVOT POSITION IN ORDER TO
0181 C HAKE THAT ELEMENT EQUAL TO ONE.
0182 Dnl =DC IPR., IPC)
0183 IFCDIV.NE.0.) GO.TO 6
0184 IFeJK.EG.1)WRITECLUN,114)
0185 114 FORt-rlAT C"-:t!::t!::t!::jj:" ,2 I 6, 15F7 . 1)
0186 GO TO 14
0187 6 DO 7 H= 1., I Z
0188 7 DCIPR,N)=DCIPR,N)/DIV
0189 9 cor-·jT I t··jUE
(H~3(; I: WE NEXT INCREASE NO. OF PIVOTS BY ONE
0191 HOP=NOP+1
01::J2 IF(NOP.GT.IV) GO TO 14
El193 IF(LUN.NE.6) GO TO 12
~H94 IFCJK.EQ.l)WRITECLUN,106) NOP
~H~35 106 FOpr·1AT("0TABLEAU AFTEP PIVOT NUMBER", 14)
0196 C tdE COHPLETE THE I TERAT I Ot~ BY MAl< I HG ALL THE OTHER
0EP C ELEtl'1EHTS I N THE PIVOT COLlJt'(lt'~ ZERO. ,
01~j8 C STARTI~~G I..dITH THE FIRST ROtAJ Al·m PROCEEL';'~NG THROUGH
,...
0199 \..... ALL THE ROWS SUCCESSIVELY. TAKING CARE TO'(;VOID DISTURBING
(;200 C THE ELa,1a~TS I ~j THE PiVOT ROLd, BUT US I r'~G :T~k::S:E ELEMENTS
0201 C I r-l THE CO~NERS I O~·l PROCESS. .:,
0202 12 DO 10 1<1=1, ILd
020:::: IFCM.EG.IPR) GO TO 8
0204 CM=-DCtr'!,IPC)
0205 DO 11 r-l=l, IZ
0206 11 D(M,N)=D(M,N)+D(IPR,N)*CM
0207 8 IFCLUN.NE.6) GO TO 10
0208 IFeJk.EQ.l)WRITEeLUN,10?) (D(M,N),N=l,IZ)
0209 107 FORI-r1ATO><, 15F8. 2)
0210 10 CONTINUE
0211 GO TO 13
(1212 14 I F ( .)1< . EC~ . 1 ) I;.JR I TE CLU"~, 108)
0213 108 FORt'(lAT (11 -SOLUT I Ol"~" )
0214 sr··1X=0.
v,'J.j C
_!..... .L o_ 1 IF ( ...)1< . EG. . 1) I.J..IR I TE (LUr4, 109)
0216 109 FORHAT("-VARIABLE VALUE")
(l217 DO 21 r~=l . ILd
0218 IFCIBVCM).GT.IU) GO TO 21
021~:'i L=IB\I(~i)
0220 PCL)=PCL)*DCM,IZ)
02[1 IFCIM.EQ.0) GO TO 17
0222 S~1X=S~1::<-P ( L)
0223 GO TO 21
. . . ·.. . Lt-
0..I·c:.e- ·~
17 9,lX=St,"1X+P CL)
0225 PORS>< CI I ) =Sl"rlX
0226 21 IFCJK.EQ.1)WRITECLUN,110) IBVCM),DCM,IZ)
0227 110 FORl-rlAT( 16, F12. 3)
0228 IFeJK.EQ.1)WRITECLUN,111)
111 FOF:r,iAT ( 11 0ALL OTHER VAR! ABLES = ZERO Il
)
02:3l2J IFCIM.EQ.0) GO TO 18
0231 IF CJ!< .EQ. 1 HJR ITEC LUH, 1133) CAlrlIHC I ) , 1=1. 4) • SMX
('2:32 FORt,iAT("W ' . 4A2, 'IVALUE = If,Fi0.3)
0233 GO TO 5E] (,
0234 18 IFC.J~~. EQ.l HdRITECLUN, 103) CAMA><C 1),1=1,4) :iSMX

0235 50 Cor~Tlt~UE
0236 GO TO 56
02:37 51 DO 52 1=1, t~SP
0238 PORSXCI)=0.0
0239 52 CONTINUE
024f~ 56 C:ot·HI NUE
0241 CALL E><EC (8 .' 1'1AlylE, TITLE)
0242 CALL LOG4
':)243 E~m
0244 EHD$
,LKLOG8 T=00003 IS ON CR00009 USING 00070 BLKS R=0000
0001 FTt-.l4. E
0002 PROGRAt~ LOG8 e5)
131303 C 1111 1111111111 1111 11 111111111111 11111111 1111 1111 1111111111 1111 11111111 1111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 " " " 11111111
. 0004 C XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
0005 C 1111111111111111 1111111111111111 11111111 1111 111111 1111 1111 1111 11111111 1111 1111111111111111 " 111111 1111 111111 11 1111 " 111111111111
0006 C AVPOR - NET AVERAGE POROSITY

0007 C AVSW - NET AVERAGE WATER SATURATION
00C:t8 C GPOR - GROSS INTERVAL POROSITY
0009 c GSW - GROSS AVERAGE WATER SATURATION
0010 c HETDP - HET POROUS C)0.10)THICKHESS
131311 c NETSW -NET 'HYDROCARBON SATURATED(>0.4S) THICKNESS
('012 C' POSTSCRIPT 1=SIMPLEX,2=X-PLOT,M=METRIC
~J013 INTEGER TITLE
0014 REAL NETDP1, NETDP2, !'lETSWl ,HETSW2. NETDPIY1. "lETSW~1
0015 DIMENSION NAME(3)
0016 CONMON DENA(100) ,DPH(100) ,DPHN(102),GRYC100) ,
0017 1 PORD1(100) ,PORD2(100) ,PORD3(100) ,
0018 2 PORt~Ll C100), PORt~L2( 100), PORNL3( 100),
0019 3 PORNS1(100),PORNS2(100) ,PORNS3(100) ,PORSC1(100),PORSC2 (100),
0020 4 PORF(102),PORKRU(100),PORSX(100), '.(.
0021 5 RXO(100) ,RM(100),RD(100),RT(100),SHR(100) ,SW(10Z),
0022 6 TAC(100) ,TACM(100),TITLE(26) ,VOLSH(102) ,
(102:3 7 I H'(CiR.- I ~~~1 I PL., i P()F~F LIJN} NSP }
J J
0024 3 DENMA,DENSH,DENMF,DENHYD,PORNSH,PMF,RMF,RSH,RW,
0025 9 TA01A, TACSH, TACF, I PR! HT , LX
DATA NANE /2HLO,2HG9,2H /
0027 DEPEt..mIt·1G OH REL IAB ILI TY OF SO~·l ICLOG, OBTA I N AVERAGE OF POROS I TIES
0028 c OETA I H A\iERAGE OF N-P + smi le + SI t;1PLEX (I F AVA ILABLE) POROS ITIES
\Q029 C THIS POROSITY IS DESIGNATED PORFCFINAL POROSITY)
0030 DO 200 I=l,HSP
0031 c IPORF=l,SONIC UNRELIABLE
0Cj32 IF(IPORF.EQ.l) PORFCI)=PORKRU(I)
0033 c I PORF =2, SOt'-l I C REL I ABLE
(-~'-A'-IA
'G.''G.•..=''+ IFCIPORF.EQ.2)PORFCI)=(PORKRUCI)+PORSC2CI))/2.0
(lC)35 c: IPORF=3,SONIC RELIABLE & SIMPLEX POROSITY AVAILABLE
0036 IFCIPORF.EQ.3)PORFC!)=CPORKRUC!)+PORSC2C!)+PORSXC!))/3.0
0037 IFCPORFCI) .LT.0.0)PORF(I)=0.0
0033 200 COt--IT I ~·lUE
0039 DO 201 I=l,HSP
0(140 IFCIRM.EQ.0J RT(I)=RDCI)
0041 201 COHTIHUE
0~'42 IFCIHYDR.EQ.0) GO TO 205
0043 IF( IRttl. EQ.1) CALL DIND
0044 IF (! Rt·~ .EQ . 2) CALL DLLD
0e45 205 WRITE (IPRINT,101)eTITLEeJ),J=1,26)
0046 101 FORirlAT (lHl, 2/ , S0X, COHF IDENT IAL 11 40X., 20A2, 22X, 2A2, 5X, 4A2)
11 , / ,
0047 WRITE CIPRINT,110)

0(~48 110 FORt~AT (50)< 11 RESULTS II , / , S0X, 7 (11_11 ) , / ,
I
0049 A 2><, I. SAI~PLEII , 3X, 11 DEPTH II , 7X, 11 SHALE II , 3X, "SON I (I' , 3X, "DEHS I TY" ,
00~;0 B 2><, HEUTF.~oti" , 2><, 11 H-D" , 5><, "S ItrJPLEX" , 3X, 11 F I HAL" , 5X, IIt-JATER" , / ,
11
0051 C 2>< . HUr~BER" , 4X, 11 BRT" , 8X, \JOU)MEII , 28X, 11 X-PLOT" . 22X . 11 SATURAT I O~~II , / ,
11 11
0052 D 8><, 11 n~) (( FT) ) " 14X, 11 <11 , 19 ( 11 _11 ) , 11 POROS I TY 11 , 19 ("_,, ) , 11 >11 , / ,
I
0053 E 22X, 11 <11 .• 29 ( 11_11 ) , 11 (FRACT I ONAL) 11 ,29 ( 11_11 ) .' 11 >
11 )
0054- C CALCULATES SW FROM FINAL. POROSITY

0055 CALL CORSl,J
0056 DO 206 I=LNSP
0057 WRITE CIPRINT,111) I,DPHMCI),DPHCI),VOLSH(I),PORSC2(I),PORD3(I).
0058 1 PORNS3( I ), PORI(RU( I), PORSX( I), PORF( I), SlJ( I).
0059 111 FOR~lAT OX, 13, 2X, F6 . L 11 ( 11 , F6 .0, 11 ) 11 ,4X, F4 .3, 3X, F4 . 3,2 (5X, F4.3) , 4X,
0060 1 F4.3,5X,F4.3,5X,F4.3,8X,F4.3)
O'361 206 CO~~T I NUE
0062 CALL AVPORCDPH,PORF,NSP,AVPOR1,GPOR1,NETDP1)
GOt33 CALL AVSW(DPH,SW,PORF,NSP,AVSW1,GSW1,NETSW1)
0064 112 GROSSM=DPH~l(NSP)-DPHM( 1)
0065 GROSS=DPHCNSP)-DPH(!)
00GG r~ETDpr,i=r~ETDP1*:c:.~. 3048
0067 HETSWtr1=HETSWl:t:0 .3048
l.oJR I TE ( I PR I ~n! 114) GROSS~;1, GROSS, GPOR 1 , GSl.J1
0(369 114 FORfr1AT(3/ .. 10X., "GROSS POROUS THICKNESS" .. 3X, "=11 ,F6.1,2X, H(trI) 11 ,
0070 A 5><' F6 . 1. 2X • If CFT) 11 , / ,
0071 B 10X, If AVERAGE POROS I T',:" (GROSS) 11 , lX, 11 =" , F6 . 3, ./ ,
(jCj72 C lax, 11 AVERAGE Ski (GROSS)", 7X, "=11 , F6 .3,2/)
0073 WRITECIPRINT,115) NETDPM,NETDP1"
007'1- 115 FOR~1AT(
0075 A 10:<, 11 HET POROUS THIO~NESS", 5X, "=11, F6. 1 .. 2X, 11 (M) ",
0076 B 5X! F6 . L 2X., 11 (FT) 11 )
0077 IF (HETSl.Jl .LT. I'lETDPl ) WR I TE ( I PR I HT , 116 H'lETSWM, NETSW1
~'078 116 FORMATC5X,"NOTE.I,
(2079 A "NET HYDROCARBot~ PAY 11 , 6X" "=11 ,F6.1 J 2XJ "(M) ",
0030 B 5~·:, F6 . L 2>< • 11 CFT ) 11 )
0~)81 l.j~: I lE ( IFF: I l··-IT , 117) AVPOR1, AVSlJ 1

117 FORtriAT ( 10X. 11 AVERAGE POROS I Tt' (NET) I1 , 3X. 11 =11 , F6 .3, / ,
0083 A 10X. 11 AVERAGE SuJ ( HET) 11 , 9><, 11 =11 , F6 . 3 )
0~j84 CALL E>~C (8,NAME,TITLE)
0035 CALL LOG4
~)086 END
0027 SUBROUT I HE DI t~D
0088 C *:t::+::K:+:;+::,:*;.:t:r;+::+:~:;+::r.:K*;+::;t:;':;K;+:*:+:;+::+::t.:;+:*:+:;+:;+::;:***:+::t::+::.+::+:***:.+:~:;::t.***:t::+:*:~***:+:********
0089 C TH I S SUBROUT I t~E CALCULATES TRUE FORt·1AT I ot~ RES I ST 1\/1 TY
0(j9\?J C ACCORDING TO SCHLUMBERGER CHART RINT-Z FOR DUAL INDUCTION-
00:~11 C LATEROLOG 8 COMBINATION
0(1~:j2 C AFTER BATEr,1At·~ ;~" I<ONEt".j( 1977) 18TH. SPI.,JLA SYr~p.
l~093 I r·HEGER TITLE
00S14 COMMON DENA(100) ,DPH(100),DPHMC102),GRYC100) ,
0095 1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100),PORD3(100),
2 POR~·IL 1( 100) , POR~~L2 ( 100) , PORt-~L3 (00) ,
8097 3 PORHSl (100) ,PORNS2( 100) ,PORHS3C 100), PORSCl (10e!) , PORSC2( 100) ,
00S18 4 PORF(102) ,PORKRU(100) ,PORSX(100) ,
0099 5 RXO(100),RM(100),RD(100),RT(100),SHR(100),SW(102),
0100 6 TAC( 100), TACtT1(1.00), TITLE(Z6), VOLSH( 102),
(~1("1 7 IH'lDR, I Rr~., IPL, I PORF , LU~'~ , t·6P ,
0.102 8 DEHlr1A, DEt,ISH , DEHhlF , DEHHYD , PORHSH , PhlF •Rlr1F , RSH , RuJ ,
010:3 9 TACMA,TACSH,TACF,IPRINT,LX
(1104 DO 1(10 I=l! 1-6P
0105 RLL8=R><O Cl)
0106 RI U~=~~t~ ( I )
0107 RILD=RDCI)
..
0108
r a ..
A=(RLL8/RILD)-1.0
_- a • • _.
0109 B=(RIUyj/RILD)-1.0
0110 C=A/B
0111 BB=(0.59*A)-(Z.21*C)+1.35
0112 CC=-«(1.44~A)-(2.47tC)+2.76)
0113 D=-0.5~(SQRT«BB~BB)-(4.0~CC))+BB)
0114 IF (D.GT.l.0) RTCI)=RILD
0115 IF (D.GT.l.0) GO TO 10
0116 IF (D.LT 0.(4) RTCI)=0.4*RILD
0117 10 CONTINUE
0118 *(
x= ( (R ILfl1/RT ( I ) ) RILD-RT ( I ) )/ (RILM-R I LD) )
~1119 D!=33.0*(A+l.0)-10.0**(0.5*X-(0.04))
(H20 WRITE(LUN,20)I,DI,RT(I)
0121 20 FORIvIATC10X.I4,S>CIIDI = II,F4.0.S:'C II RT = II,F5.U
0122 1 ~)0 COt-IT I ~~UE
0123 RETURN
0124 EhD
~H25 SUBROUTINE DLLD
(j126 C :t:*~f~i::t::t:~t::t::f~:i::+::l::i::f:*:+:::t:~:~*::t*:t*::f:**~n:**********:+-:****:i::n~U************:t;******
(2)127 C TH I S SUBROUT I t~E EVALUATES TRUE FORMAT I ON RES I ST I V I TY
0128 C ACCORDI~~G TO SCHLU~iBERGER CHART RINT-8 FOR
0129 C DUAL LATEROLOG-RXO COMB I!'JAT IOH
0130 C AFTER BATEt·1At~ & KONENC 1977) 18TH. SPLJLA SYt,1P.
0131 INTEGER TITLE
(Z1132 COtr1tt10t-j DENA ( 100) , DPH ( 100) , DPHM ( 102) • GRY C100 ) ,
0133 1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100).PORD3(100).
0134- 2 PC~NLl (100), PORNL2( 100) ,PORNL3( 100) ,
0135 3 PORHSlC 100), PORNS2(00) ,PORNS3( 100), PORSel (100) ,PORSC2(100).
!)1~:7 5 RXO(100),RM(100),RD(100),RT(100),SHR(100),SW(102),
0138 6 TAC(100) ,TACM(100).TITLE(26) ,VOLSH(102).
~'L:::9 7 I H'lDR, I RH, I PL, I POF:F , LUt'1 , HSP J
(2'140 8 DE~Ul'jA, DH6H .. DENMF , DH~HYD J PORNSH, PMF. RMF . RSH, RI).} I
0141 9 TACtrlA, TACSH ~ TACF • IPR I HT. LX

0142 DO :30 I=1 . t~SP
(:)143 RLLS=Rttl ( I )
0144 RLLD=RD( I)
'Ji45 A=RLLD/R>;O ( I )
0146 E=RLLD/RLLS
~H47 I F CA. LE . 1 . e) RT ( I ) = 1 . 7:t.RLLD- ( 0 . 7:t.F:LLS )
0143 IF (A.LE.l.0) GO TO 10
014S; IF (B.LE.l.1) RTCI)=1.1*RLLD
(HSC; IF( B.LE.l.l) GO TO 10
0151 C=(RLLS*(RLLD-RXO(I)))/(RXO(I)*(RLl~-RLLS))
0152 RT(I)=(Z.18*C*.RLLD)/«1.78tC)-1.0)
(1153 10 co~n I I'~UE
0154 D=RTCI)/RLLD
0155 IF (D.GT.l.0) GO TO 20
(~156 DI=lG0.0*«RLLD/RT(I))-1.0)
0157 IF (D.LT.l.0) GO TO 30
()158 20 D1=107.0*«D-1.0))
0159 WRITECLUN,2S)I,DI,RT(I)
0160 25 FORt~AT (l0X. I 4 , 5>~. "D I ;:7 ", F4 . (~L 5X, 11 RT = 11 J FS . 1 )
(-'Jli31 30 corn I f'~UE
0162 RETURH
0163 Et,m
0164 SUBROUTIHE CORSW
0165 C ;~:+~:K;f:;+:*:J:t;+:;~~+:;+:;+:;+::;+:;+:::+:;+:::f:;+::t:;+::~ ·::+:::l~;+:t:+:*:i:*ti:;~;+:)X;+::+:*:+:;+:;K*;t.:+:~:*:+:*:+:*:+::~t:1:**:+:::+:**:+::
tHG6 C rH I S SUBROUT I t~E CALCULATES Sl.J \I I A THE SCHLU~mERGER
0167 C 11 COMPUTER PROCESSED I NTERPRETAT ION II !'-lETHOD (COR I BAND)
0168 C t'10RTH SEA lJELL E\/ALUAT I OH CONFERENCE. 1974 .
0169 INTEGER TITLE
0170 COtrlMOt-l DENA ( 1(13) • DPH ( 1(0) , DPHfv1 ( 11'02) , GRY ( 1(0) ,
0171 1 PORDl (100) ,PORD2 (100) ,;)ORD3( 100) ,
0172 2 PORNL1(100),PORNL2C100) ,PORNL3(100) ,
0173 3 PORNS1(100) ,PORNS2(100) ,PORNS3(100),PORSC1(100),PORSC2 (100),
0174 4 PORF (02) , PORI<RU 0(0) , PORSX ( 1(0) •
0175 5 RXO(100),RM(100),RDC100),RTC100),SHRC100),SW(102),
0176 G TAC(100),TACM(100) ,TITLE(26) ,VOLSH(102) ,
0177 7 I HYDR, ! RM, I PL, I PORF , LUH. HSP,
~~178 8 DEt~~;lA] DENSH] DENt·iF } DEt~H'i'D , PORNSH .' Pt~F } R~iF J RSH , F~l.'J }
0179 9 TACMA~ TACSH . TACF . IPRINT/LX ~ ..
0180· DO 100 I==l,HSP
~j181 A==PORF(I)*PORF(I)/0.8/RW
0132 B==\/OLSH ( I ) /RSH
0183 C==-l . ~)/RT Cl)
~)1:::::(~ Sl~J(I ):::.:( -B+SGJRT( (B*B)-(4. 0*A*C)) )/2. 0/A
0135 IFCPORFCI).LE.0.04) SW(I)=1.0
100 C(lr~T Jt-.4UE
0187 RETUR~·j
0188 Et'm
01:::::9 SUBROUTINE AVPORCDPH,A,NSP,BJBGROSS,NETDPH)
01':30 C :t;K;t~i:;f:;t::t:;t:;n:;K;t:;j:**;t::;*:t~+:**t*"*;**;f;:*;+:;+:*:t*************A""****~~:~:**********************
()1'::11 C THIS SUBROUTINE EVALUATES THE AVERAGE OF A GROUP OF FIGURES '
0192 REAL ~4ETDPH
0193 DIMENSION A(100).DPH(100)
0194 SUtr11 ==0 . et
SUt~2==0 . (l
0196 D=0.0
~'1'::i7 ·J=t,jSP-l
0193 DO 10~3 1=1,.)
01'::i9 C POROS I TY CUT-OFF L I tr1 I T 10 PERCEt-.lT =
OZ0(~ IF(A(I) .LT.0.0) ACI):::.:0.0
0201 IFCACI+l) .LT.0.0) AC!+1)=0.0
X:::.:(ACI+l)+ACI))/2.0
0203 IF(I .EQ.J.AND.ACNSP).LT.0.10) GO TO 99
0204 IF(ACI) .LT.0.10) GO TO 99
SUM1=SUM1+(X*(DPH(!+1)-DPHCI)))
0206 GO TO 10121
02()7 99 D:::.:D+DPHCI+l)-DPHCI)
0208 S:Ut~2==SUt,12+ ( X* ( DPH ( 1+1 ) - DPH ( I ) ) )
02(~'9 100 COt-IT I HUE
021(~ HETDPH=DPHo-~SP)-DPH( 1 )-D
(~211 E;:::.: ( SUM 1 ) /t'~ETDPH
"-.. -'A _.
~c:.l.C: BGROSS:::.:(SUM1+SUtrlZ)/(DPHCHSP)-DPH(1))
0213 RETURt'l
0214 EHD
SUBROUT I ~4E AIJSll) ( DPH I AI PORF . t·~sp .' B. B~RO$S NETDPH ) I
................ .,..-
l::Jelt::l C ;K:+::r:t;f;f~;t;+~:t;t:t;K:+:'t;f:;t:;f:t;r.~:*:r.;t:;+::'+:;i:;K:+:*:+:t;+::f:t*:+::K4·t:r.:+:t*;+:**:+:**:~*:+::+::i~:+::f(:+::+:**:+:;t:+:**;+:***:'+:*:t::+:;;:)f(
0217 C THIS SUBPOUTIHE EVALUATES THE AVERAGE OF A GROUP OF FIGURES
0218 REAL HETDPH
0219 Dil/1EI'~SIOH A( 100) DPH( 1(0) ,PORF( 100)
I
0220 SUI(jl~0. 0
0221 SUt~2=0. v)
0222 D='21.0
vJ223 J=HSP-1
0224 DO 100 l==l,J
0225 c 1;IATER SATURATION CIJT--0FF LIMIT::: SS PERCENT
0226 I F U1 ( I ) . GT . 1 . 2) '';1 ( 1) =: 1 ,(;)
0227 IF (A ( I'" 1) GT , 1 , 2) A( 1+1) == 1 0
()223 X=(ACI+l)+ACI»/2.0
022'::1 1F (I EO ,j J·)tm , A ( HSP) GT ' 0 SS) GO TO 99
02]1,)
02.31 c POROSITl CUT-OFF'" LIMIT OF 10 PERCENT CARRIED THROUGH IN
1,12::12 c O::,LCUU~T I HG HET P,~'y'
0233 c
02'34 IF ( PORF ( 1 ) LT 0, 1c,:'J ) GO TO 99
(:.1235 IF(AC!) GT 0.55) GO TO 99
O;:''JG SUb1.t ::~51J1,1l +( X'* ( DPH ( 1·+-1 ) - DPH ( I ) ) )
((·::T? Cl) TO lC)c;)
02];;:; 99 D=D+DPHCI+l)-DPH( I)
02::,:~:) SUt·12=SUt·12+ (><t ( DPH ( 1+1) -DPH ( I ) ) )
0240 :1 00 COt·IT I t'lUE
()241 r~ETDPH;.::DF)H (lISP) -DPH( 1)-D
02"~? B::: ( SUI/!1 ) /tIETDPH
(1'::~43 IF(B.GT 1.2) B=1.0
0'::>14 BGROSS= ( :.3Uloll +SUt·12) / (DPH (HSP) -DPH ( .1 ) )
024 1;; PET1)P~,1
0;:\1 f~; EHO
Elm$
****** T=00000 IS ON LU 00
LKLOG9 T=00003 IS ON CR00009 VSING.00020 BLKS R=0000
0001 FTf~4, B
0002 PROGF-~At·1 LOG9 (5) . ,
I
0003 C 11 1111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
0004 C XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX><XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 'I~\

. .1)
0005 C 11 1111 IltllI 11 11 11I1 11 1111 1111111111 1111 111111 1111 1111 1111111111111111111111 1111111111 11 11 1111 1111 11 1111 111111 11111111111111 1111 11111111
0006 IHTEGER TITLE

0007 Cm~~1m~DEN~1 (100) , DF'H ( 1(0) , DF'Ht·1 ( 102) , GRY ( 100) ,
0008 1 PORD1(100)~PORD2(100),PORD3(100),
0~'09 2 PO~:t-lL 1 C100) , PORNL2 ( 100)
,PORNL3 C100). ,
0':510 :3 PORNS1 <1(0) ,PORNS2( 100) ,POR~.jS3( 1(0) ,PORsel (100) ,PORSC2(100) ,
· 0012 5 R><O ( 1(0) , RN ( 1(0) .' RD ( 1(0) , RT ( 1(0) , SHR (1(0) , Sl·j ( 102 L
0\~)1:3 6 TAC( 1(0), TACM(100)., TITLE(26) ,VOLSH(102).,
1I
0014 7 I H~-(DR I R~1 IPL IPORF LUN
J J J J I t~sp" .
0015 8 DEHMA, DEI'lSH., DEi'lMF , DEHH'r'D, PORt-ISH, PMF, RMF, RSH ,RW,
0016 9 TACtrlA ?TACSH, TACF, IPR I NT , L:x~
~~(~H7 IF( IPL . t~E ..1) GO TO ~)::j
0018 CALL LGPLT
0019 99 WRITE~LX,100)
0020 100 FORt~AT (11 LOG4 PROGRAM COMPLETED")
0021 STOP04
00c~2 9999 CALL LOG4
0(~23 END
0024 SUBROUTINE LGPLT
0025
0('2E;.
C ***********************************************************************
It'HEGER TITLE
0027 DIMEHSIOH IBUF(40)., IXDPH( 1(='), IYVOL(10), IYPOR( 10), IYSW( 113)
0028 O)t',1tv1ot~ DEHA (100) ,DF'H (100) ,DPHM (102), GRY (100) ,
\~029 1 PORD1(100),PORD2(100);PORD3(100);
0030 2 PORNL1(100) ,PORNL2(100) ,PORNL3(100) ,
0~:5:31 3 PORNS1(100) ,PORNS2(100) ,PORNS3(100) ,PORSC1(100),PORSC2 (1013),
0032 4 PORF(102) ,PORKRU(100) ,PORSX(100) ,
0033 5 RXO(100),RM(100),RD(100) ,RT(100),SHR(100) ,SW(102),
00:34 6 TAC(100),TACM(100),TITLE(26),VOLSH(102), ~..- .
(l0:35., 7 IHYDRJIRMJIPLJ IPORFJLUN/NSPJ

0~'36 8 DEt'''MA, DH·JSH, DEHl'tiF , DEHHYD , PORHSH , PMF , Rt(1F , RSH, Rl.J ,
0():37 9 TACMA., TACSH . TACF, IPR un, LX
0038 DATA IBUF /40*2H /
003~3 CALL CODE
004\~ WRITE (IBUF,1)(TITLE(0),0=1,26)
0041 1 FORMAT (20A2,10X,2A2,2X,4A2)
,0042 CALL PLOTS (20.8,10.0,0,-1.0,~1.0)
·004:3 CALL PLOT (5.5 . 5.0 . -3)
0044 CALL SYMB (0.O,O.O,5.O,7,90.O,-1)
, 0045 CALL PLOT (13.5,-4.0,-3)
0046 CALL SCALE (DPHM (1 ) , G.0, HSP, -1 .' DPHM (t'~SP+l ) , DPHM (r~SP+2) )
0047 CALL CODE
0048 l..oJRITE (IXDPH., 2)
0049 2 FORMAT (11 DEPTH (METRES) IJ )
0050 CALL AX IS (0 . 0, 0 .0, IXDPH, 14, 6 .0, 130 .0 , DPHt·,-j( NSP+ 1-) , DPHt>1C NSP+2) )
0051· CALL CODE
0052 l.t-IR ITE ( I YVOL .' 3 )
0053 3 .FORI"1AT (11 SHALE II )
0054 CALL CODE ..'
.~:\ 0055 WRITE (lYPOR,4)
('056 4 FORMAT (IIPOROSITY")
0057 CALL CODE:.
0058 WRITE (IYSW.5)
0059 5 FORMAT (11 Std ll )
0060 VOLSHCNSP+l)=0.0
0061 . VOLSH ( NSP+2 )=0 .5
0062 PORF(NSP+1)::::0.0
(K~E:3 PORF (r~SP+2) =t~ . 2
()()64 Sl.t-I (~·jSP+1 )=0 .0
0065 Std (1'-lSP+2 )=0 .5
00E;6 CALL PLOT (0.0,0.0,-3)
0067 CALL PLOT C0.0,0.5,-3)
o0G8 DO 10E' I =1, r-lSP
(?J069 IF (VOLSHCI).GT.l.0) VOLSHCI)=1.0
(l07(::~ Y=VOLSHCI)/O.5 ,
t?J071 X=CDPHMCNSP+l)-DPHMCI))/(+DPHMCNSP+2))
0072 IF CI.EQ.l) IPEN=3
')073 IF (I.GE.2) IPEN=2
0074 CALL Pi....OT 0<' 'y'., IPEN)
0075 100 COt··JT I ~-.lUE
0(l7G CALL PLOT C--6 . 0, 0 .() .' -3)
0077 CALL A><IS(O. 0, 0. 0,IYVOL, 5, 2.0,90.0, VOLSHCt'-ISP+l) ,VOLSH(NSP+2))
0078 CALL PLOT (0.0,3.0,-3)
0t)79 CALL AX IS (,j. 0 .' l?J . 0 ,.IYPOR , 8 , 2 .0, 90 . ~ , PORF (NSP+1) , PORF (NSP+2) )
0080 CALL PLOT (O.O,3.0,-3)
'X181 CALL AXIS CO,O,0.0,IYSW,2,2.0,90.0,SW(NSP+l),SW(NSP+2))
0082 CALL PLOT (6.O,-6.O,-3)
~)(~83
CALL AXIS CO.0.0.0, IYVOL,-5,2.0,90.0,VOLSHCNSP+l),VOLSHCNSP+2)) •.0
0()84 CALL PLOT (0.0,3.0,-3)

l"2)~l85
CALL AXIS (0. (j, G. 0, IYPOR, -8.,2. 0.,90.0, PORF:;(NSP+l) , PORF CNSP+2) )
0086 CALL PLOT (0.0,3.0,-3) ~
01(:~87 CALL AXIS (0.0)0.0, IYSW,-2,2.0,90.0,SWCNSP+1),SW(NSP+2))
01388 CALL PLOT (0.0,-3.0.-3)
0089 Y=PORF(i)/0.2
0('90 X=(DPHMCNSP+l)-DPHM(1))/DPHM(NSP+2)
OO::H CALL PLOT (X,Y,3)
0092 IPEt--J=2
0093 DO 200 I =1, ~-lSP
0094 IF(PORFCI).LT.0.0) PORFCI)=0<0
0095 '{=PORFCI)/0.2
()():=:iG .><= (DPHr·1 (~~SP+1 ) -DPH~,1 Cl) ) / C+DPHrij (NSP+2) )
0097 CALL PLOT (X,Y~IPEN)
00~18 200 COt··Jr I HUE
o· 0'):3:3 CALL PLOT CO.0,3.0,-3)
0H,0 IFCSW(1).GT.l.2) SW(1)=1.0
~'10i ',('=31).J ( i ) /0 . 5
0102 X= (DPHM (HSP+1 )- DPHt~ (1 ) )/DPHttl (NSP+2)
01133 CALL PLOT (X,Y,3)
OH~4 IPa~=2
01135 DO 300 1=1, ~.JSP
0106 IFCSWCI).GT.1.2) SWCI)=1.0
0107 'r'=SlJ( I )./0.5
0108 X=(DPHMCNSP+l)-DPHM(!))/(+DPHMCNSP+2))
'0109 CALL PLOT (X,Y,IPEN)
0110 300 CONTINUE
(Hl1 CALL PLOT (0.O,-6.O,-3)
13112 CALL PLOT (-6.O,O.O,-2)
0113 CALL PLOT (0.0,1.0,-2)
0114 CALL PLOT (6.O,O.O,-2)
0115 CALL PLOT (0. 0, :l.. 13, -2)
12.'116 CALL PLOT (-6.O,O.O,-2)
0117 CALL PLOT (0.0,1.0.: -3)
0118 CALL PLOT (6.O,O.O,-2)
0119 CALL PLOT (0.O,1.O,-2) (,:
(H2~) CALL PLOT (-6.O,O.O,-2)

0121 CALL PLOT (O.O,1.O,-3)
0122 CALL PLOT (6.0,0.0,-2)
0123 CALL PLOT (0.O,1.O,-3)
0124 .CALL PLOT (-6.0,0.0,-2)
0125 CALL PLOT (0.0,1.0,-2)
0126 CALL PLOT (6.0,0.0,-2)
0127 CALL PLOT (0.O,1.O,-2)
0128 CALL PLOT (-6.O,O.O,-2)
0129 CALL S'y'tylB (-1.O,-7.O,O.1, IBUF,90.0,64)
01:30 CALL PLOT (0.O,O.O,999)
01:31 CALL GOPLT
0132 999 COt'IT 1HUE
~j133 RETURH
0134 El'm
('135 END$
•
•
APPENDIX 3
• FLOW CHARTS
•
•
APPENDIX 3
LEVEL 1 FLOW CHART LOG 4 PROGRAM

•
START
SOURCE CODE NAME

•
1. LOG 4
LKLOG 4
Large common block
• IDUM' created
•
2. LOG 5
All log in-put data are
read and written out
Volume of shale
LKLOG 5 •
calculated
3.LOG 6
1
•
Cross - plotted. neutron- LKLOG 6
density and sonic porosity
values calculated
•
4. LOG 7
In water and oil zones.
simultaneous solution LKLOG 7
of linear log response
eqns gives porosity
values
•
5. LOG 8
Water saturation and
weighted average values
LKLOG 8
•
of Sw & cP calculated
..
•
~. LOG 9
Volume of shale. porosity
LKLOG 9
and water saturation
values are plotted
•
Record 1978 3
( STOP
XAUS· 5· 510
•
•
• APPENDIX 3
LEVEL 2 FLOW CHART LOG 4 SEGMENT
•
ENTER LOG 4
• 1.1
Create large common
block space 'IDUM'
•
1.2
• Create inter-active
terminal faci I ity
'RMPAR'
•
EXIT TO LOG 5
•
Record 1978/3 XAUS· 5-511
• Note RMPAR is part of HP 2100 - MX software system
•
•
APPENDIX 3

•
ENTER LOG 5
•
2.1
Data file to be
accessed by
terminal
•
Read input from data
fi le for all points
•
2.3
Call VSHGR-
•
shaliness from
gamma ray
•
2.4
Call VSHRD-
•
sha I iness from deep
res istivity
2.5
Call VSHSP-
sha I iness from SP
•
2.6
•
Call SONM
convert sonic units
to metric
•
Record 1978/ 3 XAUS- 5· 512
EXIT TO LOG 6
•
•
• APPENDIX 3
•
ENTER LOG 6
3.1
• Call KRUG
porosity is obtained
by mathematically
cross-p Iott j 119 neutron
and density values
•
3.2
Call SONIC
porosity obtained from
• sonic log response
• Rll' "'<1 l!J78/3
EXIT TO LOG 7
XAUS- 5- 518
•
•
APPENDIX 3

•
ENTER LOG 7
YES
•
NO
•
4.1
Maximisation of porosity
by 'Simplex Method'
•
•
Rc co rd 1978 / 3
EXIT TO LOG 8 XAUS- 5 - 524
•
•
APPENDIX 3
• LEVEL 2 FLOW CHART LOG 8 SEGMENT
ENTER LOG 8
•
5.1
Calculate final porosity
from either or all the
• following: Sonic.
Neutron - Density.
SImplex
5.6
Call AVPOR
•I weighted average gross

and net porosity values
calculated
• 5.7
Call AVSW
weighted average gross
(Simi lar to 5.6 except for
different cut-off limit I
and net water saturation
values calculated
• Record 1978/ 3
XAUS- 5· 525
EXIT TO LOG 9
•
foO
•
•
•
mNDIX 3

•
ENTER LOG 9
•
•
YES
NO
6.2
Plot out volume of shale.
•
porosity and water
saturation
•
Re<:ord 1978 '3 XAUS- 5·530
STOP
•
~(
•
•
•
APPENDIX 3
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART
•
LOG 5 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE VSHSP ( 2.5 )
ENTER 2.5
2.5.1
Where: X - SP reading at poi nt'X'
VOLSH 3
B - Minimum SP in shale
=- 1- (X -B\
•
A - Maximum SP in clean sand
A- B)
• NO
• 2.5.3
YES
Lower sha I iness is carried

through program
=-
• VOLSH VOLSH 3
• Optional print out

of VOLSH 3
• EXIT TO 2.6
•
...------------------------------------------ - - - --
•
AItItENDIX 3
C<:0.16 C >0.5
•
•
VU!I 2.4.10 2.4.11
BETA = 0.5 BETA = 0.67 IETA =1.0
•
2.4.12 BETA
...... --., VOLSH 2 = I VOLSH 2)
•
•
NO
•
= VOLSH 2
•
VOLSH
Optional write out

of VOLSH 2
•
•
Record 1978/3
XAUS-5-515
EXIT TO 2.5
•
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
APPENDIX 3
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 5 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE VSHRD (2.4)
• ENTER 2.4
• 2.4.1
Initialise 'RUm' -
highest resistivity
value = 0.0
•
NO
• 2.4.3
RLinf = Rd (I)
•
Write out message and YES
skip to end of program
•
EXIT TO 2.5 2.4.6
• A = RUm - Rd ( I )
B
C
= RUm - Rsh
=Rsh -:- Rd ( I )
• 2.4.7
VOLSH 2 =
Rsh x A
Rd (I) X B
• Record 1978/3 XAUS·5·514
,.
I
I
•
APPENDIX 3 •
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART
LOG 5 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE VSHGR (2.3)
•
ENTER 2.3
Where: X - Gamma ray ( GR) value at point' X'

A - Maximum GR in shale
B - Minimum GR in clean sand
•
2.3.1
Calclllate shale volume
X-B
VOLSH=--
A- B
•
•
If required print out
values of VOLSH •
•
Record 1978/ 3
EXIT 'TO 2.4 XAUS-5-513
•
•
•
•
• APPENDIX 3
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 5 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE SONM (2.61
•
ENTER 2.6
• YES
2.6.2
Convert to metric
r divide by 30.48 )
•
2.6.3
• Metric converted to oi I
field
(multiply by 30.48)
•
EXIT TO LOG 6
Record 1978 3 XAUS· 5·517
•
•
•
APPENDIX 3
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 5 SEGMENT, SUBROUTINE VSHSP ( 2.5 )

•
ENTER 2.5
•
2.5.1
Where: X - SP readi ng at pol nt 'x'
VOLSH 3
B-Minimum SP in shale
= 1, IX - B\
\'A' 81 A-Maximum SP in clean sand
•
NO •
YES
•
2.5.3
Lower shaliness is carried
through program
VOLSH = VOLSH 3
•
I
Optional pl'lnt out
of VOLSH 3
•
Record 1978/3 XAUS· 5- 516
EXIT TO 2.6
•
•
•
•
• APPENDIX 3
3.1.10
Initialise estimate of
• YES
N· D porosity
Porx = 0.0
Iter =0.0
• 3.1.11
Iter = Iter + 1
Porx = Porkru
• Iteration Loop
YES
• NO
NO
• 3.1.14
Calculate Sxo by
3.1.13
Shr = 0.0
Simandoux Equat.
3.1.15
Correct neutron and
dens i ty for Shr
3.1.16
Record 1978/ J
Correct N - D from
XAUS·5·520
arbitrary table
•
APPENDIX 3 •
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 6 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE KRUG (3.1 )
ENTER 3.1
•
3.1.1
Define apices of matrlx-
•
shi'll€' - flllld triangle
•
3.1.2 NO
Is Rxo log pres€'nt
+
2
l POrllS 2)
•
YES
3.1.5
Obtain shale valul' from
3.1.4
Wr i te 'out reslll ts
•
cross - plot ( VOLSH 2 I
•
EXIT TO 3.2
NO 3.1.6
If VOLSH 2 > VOLSH
•
3.1.7
VOLSH = VOLSH 2
•
3.1.8
•
Density and neutron
logs are corrected
for shaliness
Record 1978/3 XAUS-S'S19

•
•
• APPENDIX 3
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 6 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE SONIC ( 3.2 )
•
ENTER 3.2
•
3.2. ,
Calcula~e 'A'
• apparent sonic porosity

in shale zone
Where: X - Sonic value at point'X'

A - Sonic value in fluid
B - Sonic value in pure matrix
• 3.2.2
Calculate porosity;assume
zone is shale Irpe
Porse 1 = X- B
A- B
•
3.2.3
Correct poros i ty for
• shaliness
Porsc 2 =
Porse 1 - A x VOLSH
• Record 1978/3
EXIT TO LOG 7
XAUS· 5- 522
•
•
APPENDIX 3
NO
•
YES •
3 .1.18
No Shr corr needed
to poros i ty va lues
•
3 .1 .19
Calculate PORKRU
•
•
NO
Reco rd 1978 / 3 XAUS- 5 - 521

•
EXIT TO 3.2
~I
•
APPENDIX 3
lEVEL 3 FLOW CHART lOG 8 SEGMENT. PART 5.1
ENTER 5.1
5.1 .2
IPORF =1 Neutron- density
cross - plot ( N - D )
IPORF =2
5.1.3
IPORF =3 ( N - D) + sonic
2.0
5.1.4
( N - D)+ sonic+ simplex
3.0
EXIT TO 5.2
Record 1978 / 3 . XAUS - 5 - 526
APPENDIX 3 •
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 8 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE DIND (5.3 I
( after Bateman 81 Konen. 19n I
ENTER 5.3 •
5.3.1
Set RLL 8 = Rxo
RILm = Rm
RILd = Rd •
5.3.2
a = RLL 8 _ 1 RILm 1
•
b= - - -
RILd RILd
a
c= 1)
5.3.3
B= 0.59 a- 2.21 Cot 1.35
- C = 5.76 a- 9.88 c .. 11.04
•
5.3.4
Rt -
RILd
-!jB
\~
2- +B)
1 •
5.3.6
•
YES
Rt
RILd
=1
5.3.8
YES
~=0.4
RILd •
6.3.9
Rt = RILd Rt
RILd
•
5.3.10
A = RILm
Rt
RILd - Rt
Rllm _RILd •
6.3.11
d i = 33 ( A + 1 ) - 10 ( O. 5A - 0.04 )
•
XAUS· 5- 527
Record 1978/3
EXIT TO 5.4
•
•
APPEND IX 3
• LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 8 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE DLLD (5.4 I
( after Bateman & Konen. 1977 )
• ENTER 5.4
5.4.1
• Set RLLs = Am
RLLd = Rd
• = 1.7 RLLd-0.7 RLLs

YES
Rt
• YES Rt = '.1 RLLd
• C = RLLs
Rxe
RLLd - Rxe
RLLd - RLLs
• Rt
2.18C
=- ----
1.78C- 1
RLLd
,...-- -- ---- ,
• I
IL Calcula te di
_ ___ _ JI
I
~
• NO YES ,\
RLLd di= '07 (Rt
di = '60 ( ~ - 1) RLLd - ')
•
EXIT TO 5.5 XAUS· 5· 528
Record 1978/3
•
APPENDIX 3
•
LEVEL 3 FLOW CHART LOG 8 SEGMENT, SUBROUTINE AVPOR (5.6)
ENTER 5.6
•
5.6.1
Initial ise
SUM 1= 0.0
SUM 2= 0.0
•
0-= 0.0
5.6.3
•
YES Port (I I = 0.0
l A= 0.0)
•
5.6.5
YES Port (I + 1 ) -= 0.0
I B= O.Ol
•
•
5.6.6
Calculate average the
2 porosity values
X=~
2
5.6.9
5.6.8
•
Sum up thickness l D). POR <: 10% POR ~ 10%
Sum up porosity x
& porosity x thi.ckness
thickness ( SUM 1 )
(SUM 2)
•
5.6.10
Accumulate net. gross
porous thicknesses. and ~------------'
average porosity values •
R"('ortl In7R 3 XAUS- 5- 529
•
EXIT TO 5.7
•
•
APPENDIX 3
• LEVEL 4 FLOW CHART LOG 6 SEGMENT. SUBROUTINE CORSW (3.1.14 I
• ENTER 3.1.14
• 3.1.14.1
Define variables of
Simandoux Equation
The Simandoux Equation is a
quadratic of the form
2
A AX + BX+ C= 0
Where:A = ~z
• -'----
0.8 (Rmf J
8= VOLSH
3.1.14.2 Rsh
Define B
c= -1.0
• Rxo
3.1.14.3
• Define C
• 3.2.14.4
Calculate Sxo
•
3.1.14.5
Shr = 1 - Sxo
•
R""olcf 1976 3 EXIT TO 3.1.15 XAUS- 5- 523
•
•

Rec1978 003

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L::....MR PUBLICA nONS COLIPACTUS

BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES,

A REVIEW OF THE CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE OF

• A REVIEW OF THE CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE OF

• Conventional electric ~urvey

- Thermal decay time logs

Spontaoeo~s potential log

• LOG RESPONSE EQUATIONS, AND EFFECT OF S~~~

• E,ffect on sonic readings

- Formation temperature determina~ion

LOG 4 COMPUTER PROGRAM

1. Cation exchange capacities of clays

1. Computer program RWSP for determination of Rw from SP

The ability to interpret wire-line logs correctly is of great

• are based on published and time proven empirical observations.

• (saturation), and textural variations of formations. It is convenient to

• of a system of algebraic equations at a particular level of interest.

of reservoirs (Goetz and others, 1977; Selley, 1976). Kurylowicz (1978)

• for possible petroleum source rocks.

• tools, and improvements in analytical techniques. The latter have resulted

• accurate a description of the reservoir surrounding a well bore as is possible

The porosity, ~, of a formation is the fraction of the total

• volume occupied by pores or voids.

Effective porosity as used here, is the log derived porosity which

True formation resistivity •

I, FORMATION WATER (Rw)

Radial distribution of fluids in the vicinity of the borehole,oil-bearino bed (Qualitative)

• Radial distribution of resistivities (Rmf

FLUID FLOW NO FLUID FLOW

GRAIN SUPPORTED MUD SUPPORTED •

Combinations of measurements made with three different resistivity

• The presence of shale in a sandstone can affect the readings of

• component. Shaly sands contain, in various proportions, the clay minerals

• calcite, and other minerals.

• distinguishes three types of shale:

1. Structural shale (or shale clasts) which supports part of the

• placing quartz grains. Structural shales have no effect on the

• 2. Laminar shales, which replace both quartz and pore space.

• and permeability. Whereas structural and laminar shales support

In log evaluation, dispersed shale has to be considered because i t

• where: PSP is the pseudo-static potential (SP deflection) of the bed in

SSP - static spontaneous potent~al (SP deflection) of a clean sand-

Schlumberger (1972c, p. 34) describes the use of resistivity as a

where Rsh is the resistivity of a nearby shale bed

• Rlim is the maximum resistivity recorded in the hydrocarbon zone

• There is often considerable variation in calculated shaliness

Archie (1941) established experimentally that the resistivity of

• a clean formation is proportional to the resistivity of the formation water

• Rw - the formation water resistivity.

Sch1umberger (1972a) maintains that satisfactory results may be •

Neutron Logs respond primarily to the amount of hydrogen present

• Sonic travel time determination

WATER SATURATION DETERMINING TOOLS

A more recent development, the induction log (I) measures electri- •

The focusing-electrode tools include the Laterologs and Spherically

• RmflRw and Sw (for step profile).(After Souhaite

• They are invaluable in establishing changes in hydrocarbon/water contacts.

SHALlNESS INDICATOR LOGS

• Gamma Ray log

• a very low radioactivity level unless radioactive elements such as glauco-

Spontaneous Potential log

• A third method of determining shaliness is described in the