WELL LOG DATA

INTERPRETATION AND
PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS

Dery Marsan and Ridho Nanda Pratama

Geophysical Engineering – Institut Teknologi Bandung
On Job Training Program – PT.HALLIBURTON LOGGING SERVICE

2015
COMPANY PROFILE
PT. Halliburton Logging Service is branch of American multinational
corporation and one of largest oil field service companies.
Located in Duri, Riau, Indonesia and assist Oil Company in Sumatran
Region to perform Completion and Production service, Drilling and
Reservoir evaluation.

 On Job Training Timeline : August 10th – September 10th 2015

OUTLINE
 Background
 Objective
 Basic Theory
 Well Data Analysis
 Conclusion
 BACKGROUND
• Demand and supply of energy for human daily needs

• Well optimization for stable production

• Requires formation evaluation and petrophysical analysis to interpret well

condition and also reservoir beneath the surface

• Challenge for determining petrophysical parameters

 OBJECTIVES AND
CHALLENGES
OBJECTIVES

▌ Analyzing data log by correlating each response curve

▌ Determine Rw and Sw Value in each Interest Zone

CHALLENGES

▌Determining water zone

▌There are 2 formations will be evaluated
▌Determining the most suitable Rw and Sw parameters of interest zone from
each formation
BASIC THEORY
 PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS

• Environmental Correction for OH data

• Determine Volume of Shale from GR
• Determine Total Porosity
• Determine Effective Porosity
• Determine a (turtuosity factor), m (cementation factor), and n (saturation
exponent) for Archie’s Formula
• Determine Rw
• Determine Sw
PETROLEUM SYSTEM
CLASTIC LITHOLOGY MODELS
Archie equation developed an experiment based on
clean sand model non-shale content
Only formation water is the only conductive material
inside.

Most of the clastic reservoir rocks have shale content.

Shale has clay bound water, Archie equation doesn’t

differentiate any kind of water, it treats all water as
the same.

Shale contribute formation conductivity

Archie equation was proposed for clean sandstone

reservoir and need modified equation to calculate
water saturation for shaly sand formation.
SHALY SAND RESERVOIR
E.C Thomas and Sneider Classification

Shaly Sand Reservoir is a

siliciclastic reservoir in which
shale affects reservoir evaluation
and/or reservoir behavior which
consist of mixture of both sand
and shale.
BOREHOLE ENVIRONMENT
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
CLASSIFICATION
LOGGING TOOLS

• Caliper log
• Spontaneous potential log
• Radioactive log
gamma ray log
density log
neutron log
• Resistivity Log
induction log
dual laterolog
microresistivity log
• Acoustic log (Sonic log)
 CALIPER LOG
• Caliper log measures variations in borehole diameter with
depth, inches as it units.
• Work by recording electrical signal that moved by arm
movements (spring) inside this tools

Application :
• used for formation evaluations to know the permeability
indicator by comparing to bit sizes data (ex: porous and
permeable sandstone, washout indicator (most in shales) )
• quantify the irregularities for correction
• calculate BHV (Borehole volume)
SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL
LOG
measuring the difference between voltage in surface
and in downhole with extremely small amount of
voltage (mV). The concept comes from the
difference of concentration ion in openhole between
drilling mud and formation water.

Application
by using this method we can retrieve information
about:
• identify bed boundaries
• permeability indicator
• shale / non-shale zone (lithology indicator)
• volume of shale indicator
• depth correlation
• Rw calculation
SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL
LOG

Source of SP signal :
• Electrochemical (produce >95%
signal). Consist of liquid junction
potential and membrane potential
• Electrokinetic (rare signal)

The magnitude of deflection will

depends on contrast of the salinity of
two liquids

Total deflection measured from shale

base line
RADIOACTIVE LOG : GAMMA
RAY LOG
Record natural radioactivity in formations,
when the value will increase if concentration of
radioactive material is high where the common
particle is Thorium, Kalium and Uranium that
the presence is high in shale and low in
sandstone)

Application
by using this method we can retrieve information
about:
• Correlation of depth
• Bed boundaries
• Determining volume of shale
• Indicator of lithology
• Depth control
 RADIOACTIVE LOG :
NEUTRON LOG
The concept is bombard the rocks with
radiation and record the amount of
radiation that is not absorbed by rock,the
unit is p.u (porosity unit)

Neutron will be slow if collision with the

particle that have same mass
(example : Hydrogen and Chlorine).

By retrieving information from hydrogen

ions, we can estimate porosity in
formation (direct measurement).
The more particle collision with
matter, the response will become
more low.
RADIOACTIVE LOG : DENSITY
LOG
Density log is tool that record of formation’s bulk
density by radiating gamma ray into formation. The
unit is g/cc.

The function of this log is to calculate the porosity,

and determining formation density.

Application :
• lithology indicators
• identify certain minerals
• identify overpressure, fracture porosity, and
evaporates minerals.
• detect gas-bearing zone.
RESISTIVITY LOG :
INDUCTION LOG
Concept: AC current pass through transmitter coil and
create AC magnetic field and give rise induced eddy
voltage loops in formation. And then AC current flow the
induced formations and voltage in receiver coils.

Problem : requires non-conductive fluid in borehole, but

work in air hole and muds

Application :
• Determine Rt and Sw
• Invasion profiling (diameters, permeability indications)
• Hydrocarbon bearing zone

Environment :
• Fresh water based mud as long as Rmf/Rw > 2.5
• Oil based mud
• Air drilled boreholes
• In salt water-based mud & low contrast Rmf/Rw
RESISTIVITY LOG : DUAL
LATEROLOG
Application :
• Determining true formation
resistivity (Rt) for calculating
uninvaded zone saturation (Sw)
• Identification thin beds
• Determining flused zone resistivity
(Rxo) for calculating flushed zone
saturation ( Sxo)
• Indicate moveable hydrocarbon (in
combo)*
• Estimate diameter invasion (in
combo)*
• Correct deeper reading of resisvity
because effect of invasion
RESISTIVITY LOG : DUAL
LATEROLOG (LLS)

detect resistivity of a formation in uninvaded

zone.

LLS : (high current frequency) 1050 Hz

Depth of Investigation : 2-3 feet

Vertical Resolution : 2 feet
RESISTIVITY LOG : DUAL
LATEROLOG (LLD)

detect resistivity of a formation in uninvaded

zone.

Frequency : low current frequency 131.25 Hz

Depth of Investigation : 5-7 feet

Vertical Resolution : 2 feet
 RESISTIVITY LOG :
MISCROSPHERICAL FOCUSED LOG

detect resistivity of a formation which is

closer to borehole.

Application :
• to estimate the depth of fluid invasion
• determine value for flushed zone resistivity
(Rxo)
• to calculating flushed zone water saturation
(Sxo)
VOLUME OF SHALE
SHALE EFFECT ON LOG
POROSITY

Effective porosity equation :

FORMATION TEMPERATURE
RW CALCULATION (INVERSE
ARCHIE)
RW CALCULATION
Ratio Method

SP Method
 SW CALCULATION
Archie Equation

Simandoux Equation (Sasha Reference Manual, 2013)

Indonesia Equation
MAIN LOG
ANALYSIS
PANCASILA #1945
LOG HEADER
RMF 0.07 Ohm m
RMF @ Temp 80.5 F
Total Depth 1539 feet

Bottom Hole
150 F
Temp

Surface Temp 82.5 F

Processing
4 Feet
Interval
PROCESSING AND
INTERPRETATION
▌ Environmental Correction
▌ Quick Look Interpretation
▌ Determine Vsh
▌ Determine Effective porosity
▌ Calculating Rw
▌ Sw Calculation
 QUICK LOOK
INTERPRETATION
Based on:
• GR Log, interval consist of shale zone
and non shale zone
• SP log, at non shale zone for all
formation has negative deflection,
Rw>Rmf, fresh water in formation
• Caliper log, at non shale part it shows
mudcake (less than 8.5’’) that means
permeable zone and shale part shows
washout (more than 8.5 ‘’)
• Separation between MSFL and DLL log
almost apear at all interval which
means good permeability.
• Pe, range between 2-4, some part
contain shale zone and sandstone
zone and shaly sandstone as well
• Density-Neutron, separation between
both log at shale zone, almost stack in
sand interval which means waterzone,
and probably HC. Separation that show
butterfly effect highly identified as gas
bearing zone.
DETERMINING
FORMATION

Analysis Depth 556 feet

Interval Analysis 4 feet

Formation A 900-1166 (266 Ft)

Formation B 1166 - 1456 (290 Ft)

Formation A :
shale dominated, shaly sand
reservoir

Formation B:
clearly to determine
reservoir zone and shale
zone
 A FORMATION
Water Bearing Zone (1086-1091 ft)
• Lower GR
• Permeable zone (separation, SP, mudcake)
• Deflection response in Resistivity
• Pe value is close to 2.1 (sandstone with shale
effect)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other

WATER BEARING ZONE

Inverse
Ratio SP
Formation Archie
Method Method
Method
A 0.289860964 1.575997521 0.039062

Archie Simandoux Indonesia

Rw
Equation Equation Equation
Inverse 1 0.940377 0.679455
SP 0.157434 0.164983 0.154414
RATIO 0.428862 0.433977 0.368047
 B FORMATION
Water Bearing Zone (1189-1195 ft)
• Lower GR
• Permeable zone (separation, SP, mudcake)
• Low curve response in Resistivity
• Pe value is close to 2.0 (clean sandstone)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other

Inverse
SP
Formation Ratio Method Archie
Method
Method
B 0.588504195 2.283667181 0.042503

Archie Simandoux Indonesia

Rw
Equation Equation Equation
Inverse 1 1.043928 0.516518
SP 0.136425 0.170943 0.146134
Ratio 0.507643 0.587798 0.372039
A - FORMATION
 INTEREST ZONE 1
(A FORMATION)

Water Bearing Zone (1186-1091 ft)

• Lower GR
• Permeable zone (separation, deflection in SP, has
mudcake on caliper log)
• Low curve response in Resistivity
• Pe value is close to 2.0 (clean sandstone)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other

WATER BEARING ZONE Density Neutron Total Effective

Depth
porosity Porosity Porosity Porosity
1086-1091 0.24242424 0.372 0.307212 0.228615

Water Saturation
RW
Archie Simandoux Indonesia
Archie 1.020766 0.742287662 0.580337134
SP 0.160703 0.199420508 0.17964779
Ratio 0.437767 0.431702805 0.364171124
B - FORMATION
 INTEREST ZONE 2 (B
FORMATION)

Oil Bearing Zone (1166-1189 ft)

• Lower GR
• Permeable zone (separation, deflection in SP, has
mudcake on caliper log)
• High curve response in Resistivity
OIL BEARING ZONE • Pe value is close to 2.0 (clean sandstone)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other

Water Bearing Zone (1189-1217 ft)

• Lower GR
WATER BEARING ZONE • Permeable zone (separation, deflection in SP, has
mudcake on caliper log)
• Low curve response in Resistivity
• Pe value is close to 2.0 (clean sandstone)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other
 INTEREST ZONE 2 (B
FORMATION)

Density Neutron Total Effective

Depth
porosity Porosity Porosity Porosity

1166-1189 0.32323232 0.365 0.344116 0.272849

1189-1217 0.33333333 0.3705 0.351917 0.263166

Water Saturation
RW
Archie Simandoux Indonesia
OIL BEARING ZONE Archie 1.478501 0.755435071 0.650912958
SP 0.232766 0.440332997 0.372657851
Ratio 0.634072 0.640019975 0.540872593

Water Saturation
RW
Archie Simandoux Indonesia
WATER BEARING ZONE
Archie 0.888042 0.90969247 0.464719272
SP 0.12115 0.150415762 0.129376124
Ratio 0.450808 0.514985349 0.33234166
 INTEREST ZONE 3 (B
FORMATION)

Oil Bearing Zone (1250-1265 ft)

• Lower GR
• Permeable zone (separation, deflection in SP, has
mudcake on caliper log)
• High curve response in Resistivity
• Pe value is close to 2.0 (clean sandstone)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other

Density Neutron Total Effective

Depth
porosity Porosity Porosity Porosity
OIL BEARING ZONE 1250-1265 0.24418605 0.284090909 0.341 0.31267

Water Saturation
RW
Archie Simandoux Indonesia
Archie 0.841112 0.753672841 0.411575334
SP 0.114748 0.171353274 0.13220247
Ratio 0.426985 0.485346662 0.300712135
 INTEREST ZONE 4 (B
FORMATION)

Gas Bearing Zone (1310-1334 ft)

• Lower GR
• Permeable zone (separation, deflection in SP, has
mudcake on caliper log)
• High curve response in Resistivity
• Pe value is close to 2.0 (clean sandstone)
• Neutron-Density stack each other, and show
butterfly effect area

GAS BEARING ZONE Density Neutron Total Effective

Depth
porosity Porosity Porosity Porosity
1310-1334 0.35858586 0.175 0.287403 0.2412

Water Saturation
RW
Archie Simandoux Indonesia
Archie 0.410042 0.297849671 0.198358619
SP 0.05594 0.068036849 0.058469459
Ratio 0.208155 0.197823305 0.142845177
 INTEREST ZONE 5 (B
FORMATION)

Gas Bearing Zone (1385-1424 ft)

• Lower GR
• Permeable zone (separation, deflection in SP, has
mudcake on caliper log)
• High curve response in Resistivity
• Pe value is close to 2.0 (clean sandstone)
• Neutron-Density stack each other and show
butterfly effect

GAS BEARING ZONE

Density Neutron Total Effective

Depth
porosity Porosity Porosity Porosity
1385-1424 0.34435262 0.203 0.286022 0.23434

Water Saturation
RW
Archie Simandoux Indonesia
Archie 0.479837 0.367534936 0.231584102
SP 0.065461 0.084017427 0.070268843
Ratio 0.243586 0.242422956 0.167927319
CONCLUSION
 Inverse Archie method is more suitable to determine Rw value for both
of this formation
 Sw method that compatible for this well is Archie Equation and
Indonesia Equation (for A formation).For B formation, the suitable ones
is Simandoux and Archie Equation
 There are identified potential HC zone which contain gas or oil:

Oil : 1166-1189 ft, 1250-1265 ft

Gas : 1310-1334 ft, 1385-1424ft
 Another data and method improvement is needed for crosscheck data
and get better result
SATURNUS #123
 WELL INFO
ALFA CENTAURY
Saturnus #123
H A L L IB U R T O N TRIPLE COMBO

1:200 (MD)
PT. CHEVRON PACIFIC INDONESIA
COMPANY
WELL Saturnus #123
FIELD ALFA CENTAURY
PT. CHEVRONPACIFIC

ALFACENTAURY
Saturnus #123

Bit Size 8.500 in

INDONESIA

INDONESIA
RIAU

RIAU
PROVINCE COUNTRY INDONESIA Type Fluid in Hole KCL - POLYMER
API No. N/A Other Services: Density Viscosity 9.4 ppg 59.00 s/qt
GR/SFTT
Location N : X GR/SWC PH Fluid Loss 9.00 pH 4.9 cptm
E :Y Source of Sample FLOWLINE
LAT : A Rm @ Meas. Temperature 0.197 ohmm @ 75.30 degF
LOT : B Rmf @ Meas. Temperature 0.13 ohmm @ 75.80 degF
COMPANY

PROVINCE

COUNTRY
FIELD
WELL

Rmc @ Meas. Temperature 0.216 ohmm @ 78.80 degF

Source Rmf Rmc MEASURED MEASURED
Permanent Datum G.L. Elev. 106.6 ft Elev.: K.B. 127.1 ft Rm @ BHT 0.07 ohmm @ 223.0 degF
Log measured from O.R.T. 19.5 ft above perm. Datum D.F. 126.1 ft Time Since Circulation 16.1 hr
Drilling measured from O.R.T. G.L. 106.6 ft
Date 8-Aug-13 Time on Botom 8-Aug-13 10:04
Run No. ONE Max. Rec. Temperature 223 degF @ 5638.0 ft
Depth - Driller 5678.00 ft
Depth - Logger 5638.0 ft
Bottom - Logged Interval 5632.0 ft
Top - Logged Interval 983.0 ft
Casing - Driller 9.625 in @ 983.0 ft @ @
Casing - Logger 983.0 ft
Bit Size 8.500 in 12.250 IN @ 983.00 ft @
Type Fluid in Hole KCL - POLYMER
Density Viscosity 9.4 ppg 59.00 s/qt
PH Fluid Loss 9.00 pH 4.9 cptm
Source of Sample FLOWLINE
Rm @ Meas. Temperature 0.197 ohmm @ 75.30 degF @ @
Rmf @ Meas. Temperature 0.13 ohmm @ 75.80 degF @ @
Rmc @ Meas. Temperature 0.216 ohmm @ 78.80 degF @ @
Source Rmf Rmc MEASURED MEASURED
Rm @ BHT 0.07 ohmm @ 223.0 degF @ @
Time Since Circulation 16.1 hr
Time on Botom 8-Aug-13 10:04
Max. Rec. Temperature 223 degF @ 5638.0 ft @ @
Equipment Location T-1475 CAS
Recorded by DIONYSIUS ANGGA
Witnessed by MR. CHANDRA WINATA
 ENVIRONMENTAL
CORRECTION

▌ GR was corrected to borehole diameter, mud density & tool

position.
▌ Resistivity was corrected to borehole temperature, borehole
diameter and bed thickness
▌ Micro Resistivity was corrected to mudcake resistivity at formation
temperature and mudcake thickness
▌ Neutron Porosity was corrected to mudcake thickness, borehole
salinity, natural or barite mud density, formation temperature and
pressure
▌ Density was corrected real time during logging
 QUICK LOOK
INTERPRETATION

Based on:
• GR Log, interval consist of shale zone and non
shale zone
• SP log, at non shale zone for all formation has
negative deflection, Rw>Rmf, fresh water in
formation
• Caliper log, at non shale part it shows mudcake
(less than 8.5’’) that means permeable zone and
shale part shows washout (more than 8.5 ‘’)
• Separation between MSFL and DLL log almost
apear at all interval which means good
permeability.
• Pe, range between 2-4, some part contain shale
zone and sandstone zone with probably contain
shale and calcareous.
• Density-Neutron, separation between both log at
shale zone, almost stack in sand interval which
means waterzone, and probably HC
 INTEREST ZONE
Shale Zone

Shale Zone (4900 – 5450 ft)

• Higher GR
• Resistivity and MSFL curve quite stack
• Lower Resistivity
• Pe value between 2.5-4

Oil Bearing Zone

Oil Bearing Zone (5456 - 5480 ft)

• Lower GR
Water Bearing Zone • Higher Rsesistivity
• Pe value is close to 2 (sandstone)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other
(Neutron slightly to right of density)

Water Bearing Zone Water Bearing Zone (5480 – 5516 ft and 5544 – 5560
ft)
• Lower GR
• Resistivity slighlty lower than other sand body
• Pe value is close to 1.8 (sandstone)
• Neutron-Density almost stack each other (Neutron
slightly to right of density)
 ZONE 1

Density Neutron Total Effective

Depth
porosity Porosity Porosity Porosity

5456 – 5480 0.245 0.258 0.252 0.205

Rw
Sw
calculation Sw Archie Sw Indonesia
Simandoux
Oil Bearing Zone method

Rwa (=2.299) 0.4248 0.09559 0.1942

Rw SP
0.4248 0.0714 0.0584
(=0.152)
Rw Ratio
0.4248 0.0921 0.1396
(=0.765)
 ZONE 2

Density Neutron Total Effective

Depth
porosity Porosity Porosity Porosity
5480 – 5516 0.247 0.254 0.251 0.206
5544 – 5560 0.226 0.262 0.244 0.214

Rw
Water Bearing Zone calculation Sw Archie Sw Simandoux Sw Indonesia
method
Rwa (=2.299) 1.0105 0.330024 0.41753
Rw SP
1.0987 0.2706 0.1504
(=0.152)
Rw Ratio
1.0987 0.4887 0.3611
(=0.765)

Water Bearing Zone

 CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTION

Conclusion
1. Sw method that compatible for this well is Archie Equation (clean sand part) and
Simandoux Equation (for shale part)
2. In “A” Formation there are:
 Oil bearing zone at 5456 – 5480 ft
 Water bearing zone at 5480 – 5516 ft and 5544 – 5560 ft

Suggestion
1. Shaly sand analysis study would be better if compared to core data
and thin section to know clay distribution that more reliable