‫ قسم هندسة النفط و الغاز‬- ‫جامعة نالوت‬

‫ليبيــــــا‬-‫جــادو‬
Nalut University – Oil & Gas Engineering Department
Jadu-Libya

Well Logging

MSc. Badees Gazal 2023

Formation Evaluation Specialist
The Formation Evaluation Specialist must have a
general knowledge of:

• Fundamental measurement theory for logging

devices
• Log quality control
• Basic log interpretation principles
• Fundamentals of geophysics and petroleum
geology
• Fundamental principles of petroleum engineering
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• Log Analyst - analyzes well log data

• Petrophysicist - analyzes the physical properties of

rocks and how they relate to measurable properties
• Formation Evaluation Specialist - has a general
knowledge of all the formation evaluation
disciplines, including wireline, MWD, mud logging,
coring, sampling, pressure tests, seismic, etc.

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 Log Response
Logs respond mostly to rock porosity and
chemistry therefore a chemical rock classification
is more suitable to log analysis;
• Rocks composed mostly of silica are generally
described as sandstones
• Calcium carbonates -- Limestones
• Calcium Magnesium Carbonates -- Dolomites
• Rock mixtures of clays & silts -- Shales
• Anhydrite, halite, gypsum, and coal have rather
unique log signatures
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Be Aware That

No logging device measures porosity, saturation,

permeability, or fluid type directly. Logs do not
identify color of rock or define the texture of rock.

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Nevertheless,

Some logging devices respond to properties that

are related to porosity, saturation, permeability,
or fluid type.

Combinations of different log measurements often

define the above --- plus lithology!

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 LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION OF
WELL LOGING
 WHAT IS WELL LOG ?
Defined as a continuous record of measurement made in bore hole

respond to variation in some physical properties of rocks through which

the bore hole is drilled(Porosity, permability, water saturation).

Traditionally Logs are display on girded papers, now a days the log may

be taken as films, images, and in digital format such as (LAS or ASCII).

WELL LOG HISTORY
1912 Conrad Schlumberger give the idea of using electrical measurements to
map subsurface rock bodies.
In 1919 Conrad Schlumberger and his brother Marcel begin work on well logs.

The first electrical resistivity well log was taken in France, in 1927.

In 1929 the electrical resistivity logs are introduce on commercial scale in

Venezuela, USA and Russia For correlation and identification of Hydrocarbon
bearing strata.
The dip meter log were developed in 1930, the photographic – film recorder
was developed in 1936.

Gamma Ray and Neutron Log were begin in 1941.

Inventors of Well Logging: Conrad and Marcel Schlumberger

First Well Log Sept 5, 1927, Pechelbronn France

697WALS5
 TYPE OF WELL LOGGING
The well logging divided into two main type Open hole well logging and
Cased hole well logging.
 Well Logging Tolls
ELECTRICAL WIRELINE LOG (EWL) LOG WILE DRILLING (LWD)

Mud in Mud out

Cable

LWD Tools

Tools

Drill Bit
BOREHOLE CONDITION
 INVASION OR FLUSHED ZONE

The zone in which much of the original fluid is replaced by mud filtrate is called the
invaded zone. It consists of resistivity Rxo, Rmf and Sxo.
 TRANSITION ZONE

It is occurs where a formation’s fluids and mud filtrate are mixed, some of
original pore water and hydrocarbons, if present, have been replaced by
mud filtrate but significant quantities remain.
 NON INVISION ZONE

The area beyond the invaded zone where a formation’s fluids are
uncontaminated by mud filtrate, instead, they are saturated with formation
water (Rw), (Rt), (Sw).
Using Log Information

• Courts often recognize well logs as legal

documents
• Header information is mostly take from other well
records
• Some of the header information is very critical to
log analysis
• Used effectively, the remarks section can explain
questions regarding log quality, not reaching total
depth, etc.
• Tool numbers 18 can also be important
Log Headings

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Log Headings

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Important Data for Log Headers

Depth - Driller pH / Fluid Loss

Depth - Logger Sample Source

Bottom Logged Interval RM at measured temp.

Top Logged Interval RMF at measured temp.

Casing - Driller RMC at measured temp.

Casing - Logger Source of RMF / RMC

Bit Size RM at BHT

Fluid Type in Hole Time since circulation

Density / Viscosity Max. recorded. temp.

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Log Headings

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Depth Measurements
• The most fundamental wireline measurement

• Very important to the success of any wireline

operation

• Tolerance is expected to be within +/- 1 ft. / 10,000

ft.

(A detailed description is given in Appendix “A” of

the text)

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Logging Speed

Minute Time Markers Indicate

Logging Speed Versus Depth
(ft/min or m/min) 60 seconds

Log record covered 26 ft.

In 60 seconds
10 feet

> Logging Speed = 26 ft. / minute

or 1,560 ft. / hour

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Some Common Log Presentation Formats

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THANK YOU