Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and vehicles
high speeds ,
operator comfort,
Benefits of balancing
Increase quality of operation.
Minimize vibration.
Static Unbalance
Dynamic Unbalance
STATIC BALANCING
(SINGLE PLANE BALANCING)
Single plane balancing
m
Magnitude of
r unbalance
O2
Vibration
Elasticity of the bearing
occurs
Balancing of several masses revolving in the same plane using a Single
balancing mass
m3r3 2 y
m3 2
m2r2
m2
2
1
3 m1 x
bearing m1r1 2
m4 mb
m4r4 2
Graphical method of determination magnitude and Angular position of the
balancing mass
m4r4 2
m3r3 2
b
m b r b 2
O m2r2 2
m1r1 2
Statically balanced
mr
2
but dynamically unbalanced
r
r
Brg A Brg B
l
mr
2
Dynamic unbalance
Balancing of several masses rotating in different planes
A B C D
Fc
End view Fb
Fd
Fa
L M
Plane Mass Radius Force / 2, Dist. From Couple / 2
M r M r =F , ref plane Mrl =C
( kg) (cm) (kg. cm) l , (cm) (kg cm 2)
A Ma ra Mara -la -Mara la
L Ml rl Ml rl 0 0
(Ref.plane)
B Mb rb Mbrb lb Mbrb lb
C Mc rc Mcrc lc Mcrc lc
M Mm rm Mmrm d Mmrmd
D Md rd Mdrd ld Mdrdld
A B C D
Fm la
Fc
lb
lc
Fb
ld
Fa
Fl d
Fd
L, M
End view
Ref plane side view of the planes
Fc
Fm =?
Cc
Fd
Fb
Fc
Fa Cb Fm
Cd Ca
Fl=Ml rl Fb
F l =? Cm=Mmrmd Fa
0o
Tabular calculation for the moment about the plane R
A shaft carries four masses in parallel planes A, B, C & D.
The masses at B & C are 18 kg & 12.5 kg respectively and
each has an eccentricity of 6 cm.
The masses at A & D have an eccentricity of 8 cm.
The angle between the masses at B & C is 100o and that
between B & A is 190o both angles measured in the
same sense.
The axial dist. between planes A & B is 10 cm and that
between B & C is 20 cm. If the shaft is complete dynamic
balance,
Determine,
1 masses at A & D
2. Distance between plane C &D
3. The angular position of the mass at D
18 kg
A B C D
10 cm =100o =190 o
20 cm
12.5 kg
ld End view
Ma
10 cm =100o =190 o
20 cm
12.5 kg
Md
ld
Ma
By measurement, 8 Md = 63.5 kg cm
8 Ma = 78.0 kg cm
Md = 7.94 kg
Ma = 9.75 kg
Bearing 1 Bearing 2
• Vibrations due to
Periodic variations of gas pressure in cylinder
Inertia forces associated with moving parts
• Unbalanced Forces Due to Fluctuations in Gas Pressure
r cos
• Resultant torque MQ=FhtanΦ where h
sin
Fr cos
MQ
cos
Torque induced at crank shaft is felt at engine
support.
• Unbalanced Forces Due to Inertia of Moving Parts
Acceleration of Piston
xP r l r cos l cos
r l r cost l 1 sin 2
l
• Unbalanced Forces Due to Inertia of Moving Parts
Acceleration of Piston
r 1
In general, and 1 1
l 4 2
2
Hence xP r 1 cost sin 2 t
r
2l
r r
or xP r 1 r cost cos 2t
2l 4l
r
x P r sin t sin 2t
2l
r
xP r cost cos 2t
2
l
Unbalanced Forces Due to Inertia of Moving Parts
Acceleration of the Crankpin
Vertical and horizontal displacements of crankpin C:
xC OA AB l r 1 cost
yC CB r sin t
xC r sin t
y C r cost
xC r cost
2
Fx m p xp mc xc
r
m p mc r cost m p
2 2
2
cos 2t
l
Primary part Secondary part
Fy m p xp mc xc
mc r sin t
2
Primary part
Balancing of Reciprocating Engines
F Fy i 0
N
y total
i 1
r 2 2
F m m r cost m
x i p c i
2
i p i cos2t 2 i
l
F m r sint
y i c i
2
i
cos
i 1
i 0, cos 2
i 1
i 0, sin
i 1
i 0
M z Fx i li 0, M z Fy i li
N N
i 2 i 2
l cos
i 2
i i 0, l cos 2
i 2
i i 0, l sin
i 2
i i 0
Balancing of Reciprocating Engines