Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 1

s
This print-out should have 20 questions. πR
Multiple-choice questions may continue on 4g/R and get t = .
g
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. 002 10.0 points
A door is opened by a pulling force in the ẑ
001 10.0 points direction.
A horizontal disk with radius R, initially at
rest, has a moment of inertia about its center
x̂
(1/2)M R2. The disk rotates on a frictionless
vertical axle through the disk center. A cord ŷ ẑ
wound around the disk is pulled with a force
2M g. How long will it take the disk to make
1 revolution?
s
3 πR
1.
2 g
s In which direction is the net torque vector
1 πR ~τ about the hinge due to the force applied to
2. the door handle?
2 g
s
πR 1. −ẑ
3. 2
g
2. −ŷ
s
3πR
4.
g
s 3. ẑ
πR
5. 4 4. −x̂
g
s
3πR 5. ŷ
6.
2g
6. x̂ correct
s
πR
7. correct
g
s Explanation:
2πR
8. r ~τ
g
s ~τ = r × F
4 πR F
9. ~r points in the ẑ direction from the hinge to
3 g
s the spot where F ~ acts, so by the right hand
πR ~ points in the direction x̂, along the
rule, ~r × F
10.
2g hinge line.

003 10.0 points

Explanation:
Find the angular acceleration using τ = Iα,
which upon substituting becomes R(2M g) =
((M R2)/2)α. Hence α = 4g/R. For constant
α, θ = θ0 + ω0 t + (α/2)t2 , but θ0 =p0 and
ω0 = 0, so solving for t we obtain t = 2θ/α.
Substitute θ = 2π for one revolution and α =
A rod of negligible mass is pivoted at a point
that is off-center, so that, as depicted in
the figures below, length ℓ1 is different from
length ℓ2 . The figures show two cases in
which masses are suspended from the ends of
the rod. In each case an unknown mass m is
balanced by known mass, M1 or M2 , so that
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 2
the rod remains horizontal.
ℓ1 ℓ2 004 10.0 points
Two rigid rods of length ℓ and mass M are
rigidly attached as shown
m M1

ℓ1 ℓ2 ω

M2 m
pivot
What is the value of m in terms of the
known masses? What is the magnitude of the angular mo-
mentum L of this system when it is rotating at
M1 M2 an angular velocity ω about an axis through
1. m =
2 the end of one rod, as indicated in the sketch?
2. m = M1 + M2 The rotational inertia of a rod about an axis
1
through one end is I = M ℓ2 , while the
p 3
3. m = M1 M2 correct rotational inertia about an axis through the
1
center of mass is ICM = M ℓ2 .
4. m = M1 M2 12
3
M1 + M2 1. L = M ℓ2 ω.
5. m = 2
2 11
p 2. L = M ℓ2 ω.
6. m = 2M1 M2 12
4
M22 3. L = M ℓ2 ω.
7. m = 5
M
r1 2
2M1 4. L = M ℓ2 ω.
8. m = 3
M 17
r 2 5. L = M ℓ2 ω. correct
M1 M2 12
9. m =
2 5
6. L = M ℓ2 ω.
M 2 12
10. m = 1 12
M2 7. L = M ℓ2 ω.
Explanation: 5
X 12
Applying τ = 0 to balance the masses 8. L = M ℓ2 ω.
in both cases, 11
12
9. L = M ℓ2 ω.
m ℓ 1 = M1 ℓ 2 and 17
M2 ℓ 1 = m ℓ 2 . 5
10. L = M ℓ2 ω.
4
Dividing,
Explanation:
m M1 Using the parallel axis theorem,
=
M2 m
2
m =p M1 M2 1 1
m = M1 M2 . I= M ℓ2 + M ℓ2 + M ℓ2
3 12
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 3
 
4 + 1 + 12 17
= M ℓ2 = M ℓ2 . 8
12 12 8. Li = m v ℓ , If = m ℓ2
12
Therefore, the angular momentum is
Explanation:
17 2
L = Iω = Mℓ ω Since the total external torque acting on
12 the clay-rod system is zero, the total angular
momentum is a constant of motion. The total
005 10.0 points
initial angular momentum Li is simply the
angular momentum of the clay, since the rod
A uniform rod, supported and pivoted at
is at rest initially
its midpoint, but initially at rest, has a mass
2 m and a length ℓ. A piece of clay with mass
mvℓ
m and velocity v0 hits one end of the rod, gets Li = |~r × ~p| = m r v = .
stuck and causes the clay-rod system to spin 2
about the pivot point O at the center of the
The final moment of inertia If of the clay-
rod in a horizontal plane. Viewed from above
rod system is the moment of inertia of the rod
the scheme is
plus the moment of inertia of the clay:
v
 2
m 1 2 ℓ
If = Irod + Iclay = 2mℓ + m
12 2
ω 5
ℓ 0 = m ℓ2 .
12
ω

006 10.0 points

(a) 2 m (b) (c) A ball of mass m and speed 2v collides sticks
Before During After to a ball of mass 2m and speed 3v. Before
With respect to the pivot point O, what the collision the two balls were traveling at a
is the magnitude of the initial angular mo- right angle to each other. How much kinetic
mentum Li of the piece of clay and the final energy is lost in the collision?
moment of inertia If of the clay-rod system?
After the collisions the clay-rod system has an 1. 3mv 2
angular velocity ω about the pivot. 7
2. mv 2
5 3
1. Li = m v ℓ , If = m ℓ2
12 3. 2mv 2
4
2. Li = m v ℓ , If = m ℓ2 4. 5mv 2
12
ℓ 8 13 2
3. Li = m v , If = m ℓ2 5. mv correct
2 12 3
ℓ 5 2
4. Li = m v , If = m ℓ2 correct 6. mv 2
2 12 3
ℓ 7
5. Li = m v , If = m ℓ2 7. mv 2
2 12
ℓ 4 5
6. Li = m v , If = m ℓ2 8. mv 2
2 12 3
3 11
7. Li = m v ℓ , If = m ℓ2 9. mv 2
12 3
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 4

4 9. Zero
10. mv 2
3
Explanation: 10. (ı̂ F3 + k̂ F1 ) ℓ correct
It is useful to write kinetic energy as p2 /2m.
Explanation:
The momentum principle for the collision
~r = ̂ ℓ, so the torque is
gives
p~1 + p~2 = ~p. ~
~τ = ~r × F
And since p1 and p2 are at right angles = (̂ ℓ) × (−ı̂ F1 − ̂ F2 + k̂ F3 )
p21 + p22 = p2 . = −(̂ × ı̂) ℓ F1 − (̂ × ̂) ℓ F2 + (̂ × k̂) ℓ F3
= k̂ ℓ F1 + ı̂ ℓ F3
Now the initial kinetic energy is

p21 p2
Ki = + 2 = 11mv 2 , 008 10.0 points
2m1 2m2 A simple gyroscope, consisting of a massless
while the final kinetic energy is shaft attached to a disk of mass m spinning
with ω, is precessing about a support aligned
p21 + p22 20 with the +z-axis with an angular velocity of
Kf = = mv 2 Ω0 in the +z direction. If the mass of the disk
2(m1 + m2 ) 3
is doubled while the disk continues to spin
13 2 with the same ω, how will the new precession
Now |Kf − Ki | = mv is the total energy
3 angular velocity Ω1 be related to Ω0 ?
lost.
1. Ω1 = (1/8) Ω0
007 10.0 points
A rod is initially along the y axis and has 2. Ω1 = Ω0 correct
length ℓ. A force
~ = −ı̂ F1 − ̂ F2 + k̂ F3 3. Ω1 = (1/2) Ω0
F
4. Ω1 = 8 Ω0
acts at the upper end of the rod.
What is the initial torque ~τ about the lower
5. Ω1 = 3 Ω0
end of the rod?
6. Ω1 = 9 Ω0
1. −ı̂ F3 ℓ
7. Ω1 = 2 Ω0
2. ı̂ F3 ℓ
8. Ω1 = (1/4) Ω0
3. (ı̂ F1 + k̂ F3 ) ℓ
9. Ω1 = (1/3) Ω0
4. (ı̂ F1 + ̂ F2 + k̂ F3 ) ℓ
10. Ω1 = 4 Ω0
5. (ı̂ F3 − k̂ F1 ) ℓ
Explanation:
6. (−ı̂ F3 + k̂ F1 ) ℓ The rotational angular momentum vector
of the disk is has magnitude L = I ω =
7. (−ı̂ F1 + ̂ F2 − k̂ F3 ) ℓ m R2 ω and it is in a horizontal plane per-
pendicular to the support. The torque about
8. −(ı̂ F3 + ̂ F2 + k̂ F1 ) ℓ the support point due to gravity is also in this
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 5
horizontal plane and points perpendicular to x is along the floor to the right and positive y
the angular momentum. Therefore the torque is upward along the wall?
produces a change in L which is perpendicu-
lar to L causing a change in the direction of L ℓ
1. (Fw cos θ − fs cos θ + n sin θ)
but not a change in its magnitude: 2
ℓ
~
dL 2. (Fw cos θ + fs cos θ − n sin θ) correct
~τ = 2
dt 3. ℓ (fs sin θ − n cos θ)
∆L = τ ∆t  
Mg
The precession angle is 4. ℓ Fw cos θ + sin θ
2
∆L τ ∆t ℓ
∆φ = = 5. (Fw sin θ + fs sin θ − n cos θ)
L L 2
ℓ
The precession frequency is 6. (−fs sin θ − n cos θ)
2
∆φ ℓ
Ω= 7. (Fw cos θ + fs sin θ − n cos θ)
∆t 2
 
τ Mg
Ω= 8. ℓ Fw cos θ − sin θ
L 2
−M g
 
If d is the length of the shaft 9. ℓ cos θ − Fw sin θ
2
mgd 
Mg

Ω=
m R2 ω 10. ℓ Fw sin θ − cos θ
2
gd Explanation:
Ω=
R2 ω Taking the pivot at the center of the bar,
The precession frequency does not depend on the torque due to Fw is (ℓ/2)Fw cos θ, the
the mass m so Ω1 = Ω0 . torque due to fs is (ℓ/2)fs cos θ, and the
torque due to n is (ℓ/2)n sin θ.
009 10.0 points
A uniform bar of mass M and length ℓ is 010 10.0 points
propped against a very slick vertical wall as Consider the Earth as a uniform sphere with
shown. The angle between the wall and the mass 5.972 × 1024 kg, radius 6378 km, and
upper end of the bar is θ. The force of static orbital radius 150 × 106 km. Approximately,
friction between the upper end of the bar and what is the ratio of the Earth’s rotational
the wall is negligible, but the bar remains at angular momentum about its own axis to
rest (in equilibrium). the Earth’s translational angular momentum
~w about the Sun? The moment of inertia of a
F
uniform sphere with radius R and mass m is
(2/5)mR2.
θ
1. 10−7 correct
~n
2. 105
~fs
If we take the pivot point to be at the 3. 10−3
middle of the rod, which expression below is
z-component of the net torque, where positive 4. 109
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 6
above
7
5. 10

6. 1 3. upward

7. 103 4. Clockwise when viewed from above cor-

rect
8. 10−5
Explanation:
9. 10 −9 Precession is a direct demonstration of
X ~
dL
Explanation: ~τ = .
dt
Let m, r, R, be the Earth’s mass, radius, The only torque about the pivot is due to
and orbital radius respectively. Let t and T gravity on the center of mass of the wheel.
be the Earth’s period around its own axis and The angular momentum vector points inward
around the Sun respectively. Earth’s rota- toward the pivot point, and the change in
tional angular momentum is (2/5)mr 2 ωday = angular momentum is the same direction as
(2/5)mr 22π/t. The Earth’s translational an- the torque, CCW as viewed from above, so
gular momentum is mR2 ωyear = mR2 2π/T . the rod will rotate CW as viewed from above.
Taking the ratio gives
012 10.0 points
Lrot 2 r2T A cylinder with moment of inertia I1 rotates
= .
Ltrans 5 R2 t with angular speed ω0 about a frictionless ver-
tical axle. A second cylinder, with moment of
Note that r 2 = 63782 ≈ 40 × 106 and R2 = 3
225 × 1014 ≈ 20 × 101 5. Hence r 2 /R2 ≈ inertia I2 = I1 , initially not rotating, drops
4
2×10−9 .Also, T /t = 365 so (2/5)(T /t) ≈ 150. onto the first cylinder. Since the surfaces are
Hence rough, the two eventually reach the same an-
gular speed ω.
Lrot
≈ 300 × 10−9 ≈ 10−7 .
Ltrans
3
011 10.0 points I1 I2
When a spinning bike wheel is placed with 4
its axis horizontal, hung from a pivot at one
end, the axis of rotation of the wheel pre- I1
cesses. ω0 ω

~
T Before After
Calculate the final angular speed ω with
respect to the initial angular speed ω0 .
4
1. ω = ω0
5
In which direction does it precess? 2
2. ω = ω0
5
3
1. downward 3. ω = ω0
4
1
2. Counterclockwise when viewed from 4. ω = ω0
3
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 7

3
 
Mm
5. ω = ω0 2. L = vℓ
7 M +m
6. None of these 3. L = m v ℓ correct
2
7. ω = ω0 4. L = M v ℓ
3
3 5. L = (m + M ) v ℓ
8. ω = ω0
5
4 Explanation:
9. ω = ω0 correct ~ = 0.
X X
7 If ~τext = 0, then L
Explanation: The net angular momentum of the system
conserves, so
~ = const
X
L
Li = Lf = L = m v ℓ .
From conservation of angular momentum

I1 ω0 = (I1 + I2 ) ω , so 014 10.0 points

A crane of mass M supports a load m. The
I1
ω= ω0 (1) crane’s boom is length ℓ and the angle it
I1 + I2 makes with the horizontal is θ. The distance
I1 between the front and rear wheels is d and
= ω0
3 the center of mass of the crane plus boom is
I1 + I1
4 located a distance d/3 from the rear wheel.
4 The ground exerts Nr and Nf at the wheels.
= ω0 ,
7 The acceleration of gravity is g .

since K is less than K0 , kinetic energy is lost.

013 10.0 points

A wooden block of mass M hangs from a rigid ℓ
rod of length ℓ having negligible mass. The
rod is pivoted at its upper end. A bullet of m
mass m traveling horizontally and normal to
the rod with speed v hits the block and gets M θ
embedded in it.

ℓ Nr d Nf
What is the magnitude of the normal force
v Nf ?
M
m 
ℓ

2

1. Nf = g sin θ − 1 m − M
What is the angular momentum L of the d 3
  
block-bullet system, with respect to the pivot ℓ 1
2. Nf = g cos θ + 1 m + M cor-
point immediately after the collision? d 3
rect
1. L = (M − m) v ℓ
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 8
  
ℓ 1 below, so that disk 1 and disk 2 have the same
3. Nf = g sin θ − 1 m + M
d 3 angular acceleration?
  
ℓ 2 F2
4. Nf = g sin θ + 1 m − cos θ M
d 3 F1
  
ℓ 2
5. Nf = g cos θ + 1 m − M b b
d 3
  
ℓ 1
6. Nf = g cos θ + 1 m + sin θ M r
d 3
   2r
ℓ 1
7. Nf = g sin θ + 1 m + M 1
d 3 1. F2 = F1

ℓ

2
 3
8. Nf = g sin θ + 1 m − M 2. F2 = 3 F1
d 3
  
ℓ 1 1
9. Nf = g cos θ − 1 m + M 3. F2 = F1
d 3 4
  
ℓ 2
10. Nf = g cos θ − 1 m − M 4. F2 = 4 F1
d 3
Explanation: 5. F2 = 2 F1 correct
Since the crane and boom is in static equi-
librium, the net torque and net force acting 1
6. F2 = F1
on it are both zero. 2
The equation for net torque about the front 7. F2 = 6 F1
wheel is
8. F2 = F1
2
M g d − mgℓ cos θ − Nr d = 0 1
3 9. F2 = F1
ℓ 2 6
−Nr = cos θ mg − M g Explanation:
d 3
Here we use the angular momentum prin-
And the equation for net force is ciple in the form τ = Iα. Both τ and I are
different for each disk but α is the same. In
Nf + Nr − (m + M ) g = 0
general
Nf + Nr = (m + M ) g 1
R F = m R2 α
2
Adding these two equations eliminates Nr
in favor of Nf , i.e., or equivalently

ℓ 2 1
Nf = (m + M ) g + cos θ mg − M g F = m R α.
d 3 2

ℓ 1 Now dividing F2 by F1 gives
=g cos θ + 1 m + M
d 3
F2 (1/2) m (2r) α
=
015 10.0 points F1 (1/2) m r α
Two uniform disks of equal mass are mounted or
on fixed axles. The first disk has a radius r F2 = 2 F1 .
and the second disk has a radius 2r. If a force
F1 is applied to disk 1 as shown below, what
force F2 must be applied to disk 2, as shown 016 10.0 points
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 9
A ball fastened to a string whirls in a hor- N
izontal circle of radius R. Consider a coor-
dinate system with x and y horizontal and 2.
z vertical. When the ball is at a position
hx, y, zi = hR, 0, 0i and is moving in the direc-
tion +y, it is struck briefly by a force h0, 0, F i.
What is the direction of the change in the an- SA SB WD WP
gular momentum vector ∆L ~ about the origin?

1. −z
3.
2. y SB
N
3. −y correct

4. z

5. x
SA WD
6. −x

Explanation: 4.
∆L ~ = ~r × F
~ ∆t = hR, 0, 0i × h0, 0, F i =
h0, −RF, 0i. Thus the change in angular mo- N
mentum is in the direction −y.

017 10.0 points

A person of weight WP stands motionless
on the end of a uniform diving board of weight
WD that has two supports A and B which SA WD WP
exert only vertical forces SA and SB respec-
tively. The normal force exerted on the person
is N . 5.
SA SB

A B

WD WP
What is the free body diagram for the div-
ing board? N

1. 6.

SB WD WP
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 10
X
SB τ = 0.

SA SB WD WP
cannot have a net transitional force of zero
WD WP since all forces act downward.
For the other three diagrams, only in
SB
7. More than one of these free body diagrams
is possible.

8.
SB

SA WD WP
could the net torque about the point B of the
diving board be zero.

SA WD WP 018 10.0 points

correct

9.
SA SB
N

Consider the above diagram of the forces

that act on a 2-dimensional football. List the
WD forces that contribute zero torque about each
point.
Point A:
~1
1a. F
10.
~ 3, F
1b. F ~4
SA
~ ~2
1c. F1 , F
Point B:
~ 2, F
2a. F ~3
~ 3, F
2b. F ~4
~
2c. F4
Point C:
SB WD WP ~3
3a. F
~ 2, F
3b. F ~3
~ ~2
3c. F1 , F
Explanation: X 1. 1b, 2b, 3c
For static equilibrium, F = 0 and
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 11

2. 1c, 2c, 3a correct 2. Ib, IIa

3. 1b, 2c, 3b 3. Ic, IIc

4. 1a, 2c, 3b 4. Ia, IIc correct

5. 1c, 2b, 3c 5. Ib, IIb

6. 1c, 2a, 3a 6. Ia, IIb

7. 1a, 2a, 3b 7. Ib, IIc

8. 1c, 2c, 3b 8. Ic, IIb

9. 1b, 2a, 3a 9. Ia, IIa

10. 1a, 2a, 3c Explanation:

Explanation:
To determine the torque about each point
consider the dependence of torque on the
force, the position where the force acts, and
the angle between the force and position vec-
tors:
~ ||~r| sin θ
|~τ | = |F
~ and ~r are parallel
In cases where the vectors F
and antiparallel then sin θ = 0 and ~τ = 0.
Since there is no external torque acting on
the system, the angular momentum is con-
served. The kinetic energy of the system is
given by
L2
K = .
2I
The moment of inertia increases when the
child moves closer to the outer rim so the
kinetic energy decreases. Thus, the correct
answer is Ia, IIc.

019 10.0 points 020 10.0 points

A child standing near the center of a rotating
circular platform walks toward the rim of the
platform. Let L be the angular momentum of
the system consisting of the child and rotating
platform, and let K be the kinetic energy of
this system.
Consider the following statements:
A small puck moves in a circle on a frictionless
airtable. The circular motion is enforced by a
person holding a string tied to the puck and
going through a tiny hole in the middle of the
table.

Ia. L is constant R
Ib. L increases
v
Ic. L decreases

IIa. K is constant
IIb. K increases
IIc. K decreases Initially, the puck moves in a circle of radius
R at speed v. But later the string is pulled
Which of these statements are true? down through the hole forcing the puck to
1
1. Ic, IIa move in a smaller circle of radius R. How
2
 Version 122 – javalera (aj28643) – Exam 4 – sitz – (54915) 12
much work did the person do while moving
1
the puck from R to R?
2
1
1. W = mv 2
4
3 2
2. W = mv
4
3. W = 2mv 2
4
4. W = mv 2
3
3
5. W = mv 2 correct
2
6. W = mv 2
1
7. W = mv 2
3
2
8. W = mv 2
3
5
9. W = mv 2
2
1
10. W = mv 2
2
Explanation:
By the energy principle, the change in ki-
netic energy is equal to the work done. The
net torque about the hole in the table is zero
since the force acts parallel to the displace-
ment of the puck. So the angular momentum
about that point L = mR1 v1 pointed up is
conserved. Now the initial kinetic energy is

L2 m2 v 2 R2 1
Ki = = 2
= mv 2
2Ii 2mR 2
and the final kinetic energy is

L2 m2 v 2 R2
Kf = = = 2mv 2
2If 2m(1/2R)2

. Hence
3
W = Kf − Ki = mv 2
2
.