Sampling Method

Before collecting samples, the sampling equipment and proper bottles need to be prepared in
good conditions. To take the sample at proposed location, the team need to ensure the lakes
have good quality of water flow and the details of the environmental features such as weather,
time and date being recorded during the sampling.
1. Prepare gloves, PTFE bottle and marker pen.
2. Sterilize PTFE bottles in a hot air oven and cover with craft paper tied at the neck
3. Wear gloves and rinse the PTFE bottle with water three times from proposed lake.
4. When sampling at the lakes, open the PTFE bottle at a depth of about 30cm with its
mouth facing the current. The water entering the bottle should not come in contact with
the hand.
5. Fill 100 ml water in the PTFE bottle and close the bottle underwater.
6. Label the bottle with marker pen.
7. Label the time, date, weather condition, and location of the water taken.
Preservation on Water Sample
i. Must keep the water samples as cool as possible without freezing.
ii. Use chemical preservatives only when they do not interfere with the analysis being
made.
iii. Do not use formaldehyde as a preservative for water samples collected for chemical
analysis because it affects many of the target analytes.

On Site Measurement
Some experiment must be done on the site to get immediate result on the sediment at the lake.
Avoid area of excessive turbulence because of potential loss of volatile constituents and
potential presence of denser-than-air toxic vapours. Furthermore, the apparatus used to conduct
the on-site experiment must be portable and easy to use so that the sample does not need to
bring to the lab. Field analysis is necessary for temperature, transparency and pH. Dissolved
oxygen may be determined in the field or the sample may be treated in the field and the
remainder of the analysis completed in a laboratory (APHA 5220). If samples will be analysed
for organic constituents, refrigerate composited portions. Do not composite samples for VOC
analysis because some of the components will be lost through volatilization. If samples are to
be chemically preserved before being transported to the laboratory, conductivity must be
measured before preservative chemicals are added.

PH Procedure
1) Fill the PTFE bottle with 100ml water sample from the lake.
2) Dip the Ph meter into the bottle.
3) Record the PH result.