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The graph helps to properly analyze and give a correct interpretation of given
information. It is therefore important to learn graphing fundamentals.
Gradients
Gradients state how steep a line is. It’s also called the slope. A line may have a
positive or a negative gradient. Positive gradient means the slope is going
upward. Negative gradient means the slope is going downward.
Example:
Let's find the slope of this line. Choose any points within the line and get their
coordinates. Let's have (4, 5) and (10,11).
Solution 1
WHen connecting the two points, can make a right triangle. The vertical length is
(10,11) and (10, 5). The horizontal length is (4, 5) and (10,5).
Solution 2
Since the line crosses the y-axis at y = 1, then the equation for this graph is y = x + 1.
Example:
GCSE Guide Notes Gradient and Graphs
The blue line is the tangent line that passes through the point (0.75, 0.25). The
point on the tangent line is (3, 4).
Parallel Lines
Note: Parallel lines have the same gradient.
Example:
Perpendicular Lines
Note: The product of the gradient of a perpendicular line is equal to -1.
Example:
Find the gradient of the perpendicular line given the equation of the lines y = 2x
and y = -½ x through point (0, 0).
First line: m = 2
Second line: m = -½
If we multiply the gradient of the two, 2 (-½ ) = -1.