Design of 33kV Overhead Power Lines

RESTRICTED Document ID : SP-1102A Ver-6
Aug 2008 Filing key : Business Control
Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

Electrical Infrastructure
Specification for Design of

33kV Overhead Power Lines on
WOODEN POLES
User Note:
The requirements of this document are mandatory. Non-compliance shall only be authorised by the
Document Owner or his Delegate through STEP-OUT approval.
A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before making reference to
this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or electronic copy, is current.
For assistance, contact the Document Custodian or the Document Controller.
Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by providing
constructive feedback.
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Version: 6.0
i Document Authorisation
Authorised For Issue August 2008
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ii Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions
prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Version No. Date Author Scope / Remarks
Version 2.0 Feb’00 Ali Al Raisi, Converted to Specification as per PDO Policy
OIE/23 Cascade
Version 3.0 Oct’02 Said Al Shuely OIE/23 a) Fibre optic cable included in the design.
b) Insulators revised to Silicon Rubber.
c) Stout Poles provided for Single/ Twin ELM
OHL.
d) Design Requirements revised.
e) Shape factor of 1.0 is specified for ELM
conductor.
f) Cross arm fixing location modified.
g) OHL specified for road crossings.
h) Issued for Harweel Cluster Infrastructure
Development Project.
Version 4.0 May’04 Said Al Shuely TTE/22 i) Specified 900N/m2 wind force
j) Specified STOUT or higher class poles for ALL
structures except guard pole structures
k) Silicon rubber insulators with required strength
based on Specified Mechanical Load (SML)
l) Factors of Safety revised
m) Defined Contractors responsibility for design of
complete line
n) Provided information for the analysis of X-
braced, H- structures
o) Cross Bracing details revised
p) Revised structures
q) Defined minimum and maximum weight spans
r) Conductor pre-tensioning and Sag
verification data added.
s) Revised Fibre Optic Cable location on pole and
revised attachment methods.
t) Added Structure Calculations and revised
Appendix A through F.
Version 5.0 May’08 Said Al Shuley, Generally updated.

UIE/6 The Standard becomes SP-1102A (SP-1102B is
introduced for 33kV lines on Concrete Poles).
Version 6.0 Aug’08 Said Al Shuley, Drawing Numbers changed for Switchrack & Auto-
UIE/6 recloser drawings
iii Related Business Processes

Code Business Process (EPBM 4.0)
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Contents
1. Introduction......................................................................................................................8
1.1. PURPOSE..............................................................................................................................8
1.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES.......................................8
1.2.1 PDO standards...........................................................................................................................8
1.2.2 SIOP/ SIEP standards................................................................................................................9
1.2.3 International standards..............................................................................................................9
1.3 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS................................................................................12
1.4 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE...............................................................................................12
2. Scope................................................................................................................................13
2.1 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA........................................................................................13
2.1.1 Environmental and General Parameters.................................................................................14
2.1.2 Factors of Safety......................................................................................................................15
2.1.3 Basic Span...............................................................................................................................15
2.1.4 Wind Span...............................................................................................................................15
2.1.5 Weight Span.............................................................................................................................16
2.1.6 Line Routing............................................................................................................................16
2.1.7 Line Parameters.......................................................................................................................16
2.1.8 Spacing....................................................................................................................................17
2.1.9 Clearance from Airstrips & Helicopter Landing Pads............................................................18
2.1.10 Clearance from Parallel Pipelines...........................................................................................18
2.1.11 Clearance between the Line Conductor and the FO cable......................................................20
2.1.12 Location of Pole Mounted Auto – Reclosers...........................................................................20
2.1.13 Deliverables by Contractor......................................................................................................20
2.2 DESIGN BASIS..................................................................................................................21
2.2.1 Assumed Normal Working Loading.......................................................................................21
2.2.1.1 Intermediate Pole Structures.....................................................................................21
2.2.1.2 Angle/ Section Pole Structures.................................................................................21
2.2.1.3 Terminal Pole Structures...........................................................................................21
2.2.1.4 Road Crossing Structures..........................................................................................21
2.2.1.5 Pole Erection Loads.................................................................................................22
2.3 STANDARD 33 kV OVERHEAD LINE DESIGN.............................................................22
2.3.1 Conductors...............................................................................................................................22
2.3.1.1 Line Conductor Parameters......................................................................................22
2.3.1.2. Creep Prediction........................................................................................................23
2.3.1.3. Materials 23
2.3.1.4. Workmanship............................................................................................................23
2.3.1.5. Test Requirements.....................................................................................................24
2.3.1.5.1. Conductor Tests........................................................................................24
2.3.1.5.2. Test Certificate..........................................................................................24
2.3.1.5.3. Certificate of Conformity..........................................................................24
2.3.1.6 System Loading Conditions......................................................................................24
2.3.1.6.1 Line conductor / Fibre Optic Cable Sag and Tension, Initial condition..24
2.3.1.6.2 Line Conductor Sag and Tension, Final condition..................................25
2.3.1.6.3 Conductor Pre-Tensioning........................................................................25
2.3.1.6.4 Conductor Sag Verification......................................................................25
2.3.1.6.5 Conductor Clashing..................................................................................25
2.3.2. Fibre Optic cable & Accessories..............................................................................................25
2.3.2.1. Fibre Optic Cable.......................................................................................................25
2.3.2.2 Fibre Optic Cable Attachment..................................................................................27
2.3.3 Insulators.................................................................................................................................27
2.3.3.1 Insulator Parameters-General...................................................................................29
2.3.4 Stay Wire Insulators................................................................................................................29
2.3.5 Insulator Fittings, Conductor Fittings, Vibration and Spacer Dampers.................................30
2.3.5.1 General 30
2.3.5.2 Suspension Clamps...................................................................................................30
2.3.5.3 Tension Clamps.........................................................................................................30
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2.3.5.4 Joints and Clamps.....................................................................................................30

2.3.5.5 Vibration Dampers....................................................................................................31
2.3.5.6 Spacer Dampers........................................................................................................31
2.3.5.7 Corona and Radio Interference.................................................................................32
2.3.5.8 Aluminium - Copper Connectors.............................................................................32
2.3.6 Supports...................................................................................................................................32
2.3.6.1 Wood Pole Parameters...............................................................................................33
2.3.6.2 Pole Quality...............................................................................................................33
2.3.6.2.1 Measurement.............................................................................................33
2.3.6.2.2 Straightness...............................................................................................33
2.3.6.2.3 Abnormal Defects.....................................................................................33
2.3.6.3 Splits & Checks.........................................................................................................33
2.3.6.4 Pole Length...............................................................................................................34
2.3.6.5 Moisture content.......................................................................................................34
2.3.6.6 Identification.............................................................................................................34
2.3.6.7 Preservation...............................................................................................................34
2.3.6.8 Kicking Blocks..........................................................................................................34
2.3.6.9 Field Treatment of Wood Poles................................................................................34
2.3.6.10 Pole Foundations......................................................................................................35
2.3.6.11 Aggregate for Concrete.............................................................................................35
2.3.6.12 Concrete 35
2.3.6.13 Foundation Dimensional Tolerances........................................................................35
2.3.6.14 Line Identification.....................................................................................................36
2.3.7 Anti-Climbing Guards.............................................................................................................36
2.3.8 Stays and Stay Wires...............................................................................................................36
2.3.9 Cross Arms..............................................................................................................................36
2.3.9.1 Intermediate Cross arm.............................................................................................36
2.3.9.2 Section, Road Crossing and Terminal Cross arms...................................................37
2.3.10 Bonding of Structure Metal Work...........................................................................................37
2.3.11 Surge Arresters........................................................................................................................37
2.3.12 Construction of Support Steelwork.........................................................................................37
2.3.13 Galvanising..............................................................................................................................38
2.3.14 Aircraft Warning.....................................................................................................................38
APPENDICES
APPENDIX-A1 - 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM OVERHEAD LINE STRUCTURE

CALCULATION - COLUMN LOADING..................................................................................................39
APPENDIX A2 - CALCULATION OF BENDING, CRIPPLING and STAY WIRE
STRENGTHS...............................................................................................................................................42
APPENDIX B1 - CALCULATION OF WIND SPAN & WEIGHT SPAN FOR SINGLE
POLE STRUCTURE..................................................................................................................................45
APPENDIX B2 – STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLE..............................................................................50
APPENDIX B3 - CALCULATION OF CROSSARM LOADING FOR SINGLE POLE
STRUCTURE...............................................................................................................................................61
APPENDIX C1 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM
WITHOUT FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON TWO POLE STRUCTURE........................................................62
APPENDIX C2 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITH
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON TWO POLE STRUCTURE............................................................................72
APPENDIX C3 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR TWIN ELM WITHOUT
APPENDIX C4 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR TWIN ELM WITH
APPENDIX D - SAG / TENSION CALCULATIONS.....................................................................................104
APPENDIX E - PHASE CLEARANCE OF CONDUCTORS..........................................................................105
APPENDIX F1 - CANTILEVER LOAD ON 33kV COMPOSITE POST INSULATOR FOR
SINGLE ELM............................................................................................................................................106
TWIN ELM................................................................................................................................................107
APPENDIX G - AERODROME........................................................................................................................108
APPENDIX H – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE STANDARD DRAWINGS.........................................................109
APPENDIX J – GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS....................................115
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SP USER-COMMENT FORM...........................................................................................................................116
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1. Introduction
1.1. PURPOSE
The design of 33 kV Overhead Lines in PDO's System shall be generally governed by, but not
limited to, the provisions specified herein, and shall be undertaken using the highest standards of
professional engineering and in a safe manner.
This Specification (SP) outlines the minimum requirements for the design of 33 kV overhead lines
with or without an aerial All Dielectric Short Span (ADSS) Fibre Optic (FO) cable supported on
wood pole structures.
For installation of Overhead Lines and other associated electrical equipment, relevant SP's, ERD's
and DP's are listed herein and shall be referred to. This Specification shall be utilised in
conjunction with one or more of the referenced SP's, ERD's and DP's and International Standards
to complete PDO's requirements for installation of overhead line facilities.
Contractor shall note that the standard design, Parameters, Calculations etc., indicated herein, are
for reference & general guidance only, and the same shall be treated as minimum requirement.
However, it shall remain the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that sound engineering
practices are adopted in the design of an overhead line. Any deviations from this Standard shall be
made only with the written prior agreement of The Company.
1.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES

The following Standards, specifications and codes should be consulted when applying the
requirements of this Specification. All listed documents shall be latest issue except those
documents prescribed by date.
1.2.1 PDO standards

HSESM - Health Safety and Environmental Protection Standards Manual
ERD-00-06 - Preparation & Content of Engineering Drawings
ERD-00-14 - Project Drawing Procedures
ERD-11-02 - Engineering Guideline Site Selection and Soil Investigation
Manual
ERD-19-07 - Civil & Building Guide to Concrete
SP-1011 - Specification for Installation of Overhead Transmission Lines
SP-1099 - Specification for Electrical Installation Practice
SP-1103 - Specification for Electrical Engineering Guidelines
(Amendment/Supplement to DEP 33.64.10.10.)
SP-1104 - Electrical Safety Rules (ESR)
SP-1105 - Electrical Standard Drawings
SP-1106 - Specification for Coding & Identification of Overhead Lines
Systems
SP-1107 - Electrical Protection Systems
SP-1108 - Electrical Safety Operational Procedures (ESOPs)
SP-1109 - Specification for Earthing & Bonding
SP-1111 - Specifications for Temporary Electrical Supplies for Construction
and Maintenance Work
SP-1131 - Hand over and As-built Documentation
SP 1127 - Layout of Plant Equipment & Facilities
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SP-1171 - Specification for Quality Assurance of Design, Construction and

Engineering Works
SP-1265 Specification for ADSS Fibre Optic Cables and key accessories
SP-1266 Specification for Installation of ADSS Fibre Optic Cables
1.2.2 SIOP/ SIEP standards

DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. - Electrical engineering guidelines
DEP 34.11.00.11-Gen - Site Preparation and Earthworks
DEP 63.10.08.11-Gen. - Field Commissioning & Maintenance of electrical installations and
equipment
DEP 34.11.00.10-Gen - Site Investigation
1.2.3 International standards

1. Design of Overhead Lines
ANSI C2 – 2002 - National Electrical Safety Code
ASCE 10-97 - Design of Latticed. Steel Transmission Structures.
ANSI/ASCE 10-97 - Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures
ASCE No. 74 - Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading
BS EN I990:2002 - Eurocode - Basis of structural design.
DIN VDE 0210 - Planning and Design of OHTL with Rated Voltage above 1 kV
CISPR 18-2:1986: Part 2 - Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-
voltage equipment. Methods of measurement and procedure for
determining limits.
ICAO - International Standards and Recommended Practices
AERODROMES Annex 14 to the Convention of International Civil
Aviation, Volume 1, Aerodrome Design and Operations, Chapter 6,
Visual Aids for Denoting Obstacles.
+Aerodrome design manual paragraph 14.7, Obstacle lighting high-
tension overhead wires
IEC 60826 - Loading and strength of overhead transmission lines
IEEE:524:1992 - Guide to Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductors.
PANS-OPS doc.8168 - Air Navigation Services-Aircraft Operation
2. Wood Poles for Overhead Lines
ANSI 05.1-2002 - American National Standard for Wood Products - Specifications and
Dimensions.
ASTM A 36 - Structural Steel.
ASTM A 123 REV-89 - Standard Specifications for Zinc (Hot- Dip Galvanized ) Coatings on
Iron and Steel Products.
ASTM A 394 - Standard Specification for zinc coated steel transmission tower.
AWPA C4 - American Wood Preservers Association Standard C4 - 2002
ASTM A 563 - Nuts for Bolted Connections
ASTM A 572 - High Strength Structural Steel, Grade 50
ASTM A588/588M-94 - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
with 50 ksi (345 Mpa) Minimum Yield Point.
ASTM 153/153M-95 - Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot- Dip Galvanized) on Iron and
Steel Hardware,
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BS 144: 1997 - Coal Tar Creosote for Wood Preservation.

BS 183 - Galvanised Steel Wire Strand.
BS 443:1982(1990) - Specification for testing zinc coatings on steel wire and for quality
requirements
BS 729 - Specification for Hot Dip Galvanised Coatings on Iron and Steel
Articles.
BS 913 - Specification for wood preservation by means of pressure creosoting
BS 1579 - Specification for Connectors for Timber.
BS 1990 - Wood Poles for Overhead Power and telecommunication Lines.
BS 4102 - Barbed Wire
BS 4190 : 2001 - ISO Metric Black Hexagon Bolts, Screws and Nuts-Specification
BS 3436 - Specification for ingot zinc
BS 5950-1:2000 - Structural Use of Steelwork in Building.
BS 7361-6 - Coatings on Metal Fasteners - PART 6: Specification for Hot Dipped
BS EN 351-1 - Classification of Preservative Penetration and Retention.
BS EN 351-2 - Guidance on Sampling for the Analysis of Preservative Treated
Wood.
BS EN 10244-2 - Steel Wire & Wire Products. Non-ferrous Metallic Coatings on Steel
Wire. Zinc or Zinc alloy coatings.
BS-EN-ISO-1461 Specification for Hot Dip Galvanising of Structural Steel.
3. Foundations
ASTM A 193 - Steel Fabric for Reinforcing Concrete.
BS 8004:1986 - Code of practice for foundations
4. Phase Conductors
ASTM 399-82 - Concentric lay stranded aluminium alloy 6201-T81
ASTM 399-90 - Standard specification for aluminium alloy 6201-T81 wire for
electrical purposes
ASTM B415:1992 - Standard Specification for Hard-Drawn Aluminum-Clad Steel Wire
BS 1490:1988 - Specification for aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots and castings
for general engineering purposes
BS 3242 - Specification for Aluminium Alloy stranded Conductor for Overhead
Power Transmission.
BS EN 50182:2001 - Conductors for overhead lines - Round wire concentric lay stranded
conductors.
DIN 46391 - Delivery Drums for Conductors
CIGRE Electra No.75 - Permanent Elongation of Conductors - Predictor Equation and
Evaluation Methods
IEC 60104 - Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy wire for OHTL
IEC 61089:1991 - Round wire Concentric Lay Overhead Electrical Stranded
Conductors.
IEC 61089:1997 - Amdt.1 1997 Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded
conductors
5. Fiber Optic Cables
EIA 472A - Sectional Specification for Fiber Optic Communication Cables for
Outside Aerial Use
EIA 492A - Generic Specification for Optical Waveguide Fibers
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EIA/TIA-455 - Standard Test Procedures for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables,

Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices and
other Fiber Optic Components
IEC 60304 - Colour coding of fibers
IEC 60793 - Optical Fibers
IEC 60794 - Optical Fiber Cables. Generic and production specifications.
6. Insulator Strings, Conductor Fittings
ANSI C29.11 - Composite Suspension Insulators for Overhead Transmission Lines -
Tests
ASTM 153/153M-95 - Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot- Dip Galvanized) on Iron and
Steel Hardware.
ASTM A 563 - Nuts for Bolted Connections
BS 3100:1991 - Specification for steel castings for general engineering purposes
BS 3288 Part 1:1997 - Insulator and conductor fittings for Overhead Power Lines.
Performance and general requirements
BS 3288 Part 2:1990 - Specification for a range of fittings.
BS 3288 Part 3:1989 - Dimensions of ball and socket couplings of string insulator units.
BS 3288 Part 4:1989 - Locking devices for ball and socking couplings of string insulator
units: dimensions and tests.
BS 60383-2:1995 - Insulator strings & insulator sets for a.c. systems. Definitions, test
method and acceptance criteria
DIN 48006 - Insulators of overhead lines: long rod insulators
DIN 48062-2 - Overhead Lines, clevis caps for insulators
DIN 48069-1 - Double eyes; without protective fitting attachment; for overhead
power lines
DIN 48069-2 - Double eyes; with protective fitting attachment; for overhead power
lines
DIN 48070-1 - Triangular yokes for overhead power lines
DIN 48073 - Clevis-tongue couplings – Safety devices
DIN 48074 - Eyes and clevises; connecting dimensions
DIN 48075 - Parallel groove clamps for aluminium stranded conductors and for
aluminium conductors steel-reinforced for overhead power lines
DIN 48078-1 - Clevis straps for overhead lines; for coupling to connecting bolts on
the strap side
DIN 48215 - Clamps and Connectors for Overhead Power Lines
DIN 48334 - Turnbuckles for overhead power lines
DIN/VDE 0212 - Fittings for overhead lines and switchgear, Part 50 to 53
IEC 60060-1 High voltage test techniques
IEC 60120 - Dimension of Ball and Socket couplings of String Insulator Units.
IEC 60433:1998 - Characteristics of String Insulator Units of the Long Rod type.
IEC 60437:1997 - Radio interference test on high voltage insulators
IEC 60471:1977 - Dimensions of clevis and tongue coupling of string insulator units
IEC 60507:1991 - Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c.
systems
IEC 60587:1984 - Test method for evaluating resistance to tracking and erosion of
electrical insulating materials under severe ambient conditions
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IEC 60707:1999 - Method of test for the determination of the flammability of solid
electrical insulating materials when exposed to an igniting source
IEC 60815 - Guide for selection of Insulators in respect of Polluted Conditions.
IEC 61109 - Composite Insulators for Overhead Lines
IEC 61284 - Overhead lines, Requirements and tests for fittings
IEEE 4 - Standard Techniques for High Voltage Testing
IEEE 738 - IEEE Standard for the calculation of Current Temperature
Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors.
IEEE Report PAS-85 - Standardisation of conductor vibration measurements
IEEE:PAS-85:l966 - Vibration intensity of conductors.
ISO 1460:1992 - Metallic coatings – Hot dip galvanised coatings on ferrous materials
– Gravimetric
ISO 1461:1973 - Metallic coatings – Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous
products – Requirements
7. Earthing
BS 7430 - Code of Practice for Earthing.
BS EN 1654:1998 - Copper and copper alloys. Strip for springs and connectors
DIN/VDE 0141 - VDE-specification for earthing in installations of rated voltages
above 1 kV a.c.
DIN 48088 - Earth Clamping Bolts
IEEE 1048 - IEEE Guide for Protective Grounding of Power Lines.
1.3 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS

All requirements of this Standard shall apply except where equipment Manufacturers Standards
are more stringent, then the latter shall apply.
For any deviation from this SP the written agreement of the Company shall be obtained prior to
commencing associated engineering or construction work.
In all cases the Company shall determine the adequacy of design carried out and Works executed
by the Contractor.
1.4 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

If the Contractor has any concern about the applicable specification for a particular project, he
shall bring the concern or question to the attention of the Company for clarification or resolution.
The company's decision shall be final and binding.
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2. Scope
2.1 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

The purpose of these design specifications is to present the standard design criteria and
calculations for 33 kV overhead transmission lines on PDO's Electrical System.
These design specifications are for transmission lines of single and twin, All Aluminium Alloy
(AAAC) ELM conductor per phase on wood pole structures. All standard wood pole structures
have been pre-designed and the standard drawings for these structures are a part of these
specifications.
This technical information mentioned herein is essentially for Transmission Line Design
Engineers. However, the application and use of this specification extends to all who are
responsible for planning, design, construction, inspection, operation and maintenance of
transmission systems.
The information provided herein will cover the majority of the design problems encountered by the
Transmission Line Design Engineer. However, it is not feasible to cover all contingencies. The
design engineer must have the knowledge, professional ability, skills and desire to recognise and
deal with special applications/conditions.
The Contractor shall remain responsible for the overall design, construction and performance of
the complete transmission line.
This design standard and the standard structures are based on relatively flat terrain and generally
long, straight line sections. Contractor shall have the knowledge, technical ability and experience
to propose design changes for varying conditions. Contractor shall be responsible to propose design
modifications during line design for hilly terrain, line route not straight, sand dunes and poor soil
conditions or any other change from basic design conditions.
In order to avoid cascade failure due to high wind, the line design shall observe the requirement to
have a maximum section length of 2000m (using HS structures).
Conductor drums shall be programmed for stringing taking into consideration that midspan joints
are not permitted.
The expected service life of wood pole transmission lines is 50 years.
This expected service life is the basis for determining design wind loadings; specifying treatment
for wood poles; specifying coatings for structural steel and the selection of all other material for
line construction.
The Contractor shall call to the attention of PDO any errors, omissions and/or conflicts between
drawings for resolution.
Contractor shall utilise an industry recognised and accepted Sag and Tension Calculation Program
such as "SAG 10" or "PLS-CADD" or "Sag Tensions CADtenary" or an approved equivalent.
Contractor shall be required to provide completed Plan and Profile Drawings showing structure
locations and conductor and fibre optic cable sag curves and ground clearance curve within the
design parameters specified herein.
Standard overhead line structures and associated foundation and stay wire arrangements, together
with all required accessories, are detailed in the Standard Drawings contained in SP-1105,
Group-2. Applicable standard drawings are listed under appendix-H of this standard.
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2.1.1 Environmental and General Parameters

Table G1
Nominal System Voltage 33 kV
System Frequency 50 Hz
Highest System Voltage 36 kV
Power Frequency Withstand Voltage (1 minute) 70 kV (rms)
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage 170 kV (Peak)
System Fault Level at Rated Voltage (3 Phase 25kA / 3 Sec
Symmetrical)
Minimum Creepage Distance for Insulators 1440mm
Wind Pressure (velocity) at every day 39 N/m2 (@ 8 m/s)
conditions
Max. wind pressure (velocity), q 900 N/m2 (@ 38.34m/s)
Maximum wind gust, v 38.34 m/s
Minimum conductor temperature 5° C
Everyday conductor temperature 35°C
Maximum conductor temperature 80° C (for continuous current rating)
Maximum conductor temperature 90° C (for sag/tension calculations &
short time current rating)
Force co-efficient for wood poles 1.0
Force co-efficient for insulators 1.0
Force co-efficient for Elm conductors 1.1
Force co-efficient for Willow conductors 1.3
Force co-efficient for fibre optic cable 1.3
Shape Factor for Elm/ Willow conductor 1.0
Shape Factor for ADSS Fibre Optic Cable 1.0
Shape factor for cylindrical objects 1.0
Note 1: The maximum conductor temperature indicated is to be used to arrive at the final sag at
maximum still air temperature for FOC and line conductor and for short time current
rating of the line conductor. For continuous current rating of the line conductor a
temperature of 80°C shall be considered.
Based on 50-year recurrence, a wind velocity inclusive of gusts of 138 km/hr (38.34m/s )
shall be applied to the conductor, fibre optic cable, stay wires and all structure components
for wood pole structures with the appropriate factors of safety.
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2.1.2 Factors of Safety

The minimum factors of safety to be applied to overhead line design for the maximum
simultaneous working conditions shall be as follows:
Table S1
1. Phase and Earth Conductors on Ultimate Tensile Strength at 2.5

maximum wind and minimum ambient temperature
2. Phase and Earth Conductors on Ultimate Tensile Strength at 6.0
every day temperature condition
3. Fibre optic cable on Ultimate Tensile Strength at maximum wind 1.6
and minimum ambient temperature
4. Fibre optic cable on Maximum Working Tension, at everyday 8.0
temperature condition and still air
5. Wood pole supports on Ultimate Fibre Strength for intermediate 2.5
poles
6. Wood pole supports on Ultimate Fibre Strength for section, 2.5
terminal and angle poles
7. Support foundations against overturning or uprooting at 2.0
maximum wind and conductor tension
8. Stay wire foundations against overturning or uprooting at 2.0
maximum wind and conductor tension.
9. Steel Cross Arm 2.0
10. Insulator strings and Post Insulators - Based on Specified 2.5
Mechanical Load Per Section 3.3.1 of ANSI C29.11 - 1989
11. Bolts grade 8.8 for Cross Arm & Cross Brace attachment and 4.6 2.5
for all other applications
12. Factor of safety for net allowable Safe Bearing Capacity for 1.0
Support foundations and Stay wire foundations (See note-1
below)
Note:
1. Allowable Safe Bearing Capacity of soil shall be as recommended in the soil investigation
report. In the absence of any recommendations, a factor of 3.0 shall be applied to the
maximum bearing capacities arrived at in such reports. The standard 33 kV foundation
drawings indicate the values of Safe Bearing Capacities for the most common types of soil
encountered in PDO service territory.
2. Factors of safety indicated are minimums that must be maintained but may be increased. They
shall be rechecked with the actual manufacturer’s recommendation for the project and
increased when mutually agreed by PDO, the Consultant and the Contractor.
2.1.3 Basic Span

The term basic span length shall mean the horizontal distance between centres of adjacent supports
on level ground from which the height of standard supports is derived with the specified clearances
to ground in still air at final sag and maximum temperature.
2.1.4 Wind Span

Wind span shall mean half the sum of adjacent horizontal span lengths supported on any one
support.
The maximum allowable wind span is determined by the strength of the intermediate poles to
resist the bending moments due to the wind at right angles to the line, acting on the line conductor,
Fibre optic cable, poles and insulators.
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Pole strength is the determining factor in deciding the wind span; however the cross arm shall be
designed so as not to be the limiting factor on the maximum wind span and conductor spacing.
Refer Appendix B for formulae for wind span calculations for single pole structures.
2.1.5 Weight Span

The term weight span shall mean the equivalent length and the corresponding weight of conductor
supported at any one support at minimum temperature, initial conditions. This is the distance
between the bottom most conductor positions (low points) in adjacent spans.
For a graphic presentation of Weight Spans see Appendix B
2.1.6 Line Routing

The route of an overhead line shall be determined and the lengths and sections shall be chosen to
avoid/minimise the requirement for in-line joints. The maximum section length shall be 2000
metres.
Tension structures shall be installed at the ends of each section length and shall be fully supported
to enable the structure to withstand forces associated with broken conductor conditions on either
side of the structure.
Overhead lines, as far as possible, shall be constructed in a straight line between section structures.
Intermediate structures shall be used for deviations up to 5 degrees in the line route. Where
deviations of more than 5 degrees in the line route are required, the proper angle structure shall be
selected.
2.1.7 Line Parameters

All main circuits of 33kV Overhead lines from the 33kV Substations shall be installed with
Single/Twin ELM conductors. All Branch lines / Spur lines to well heads etc. from the main circuit
may shall be constructed with Willow conductor (the current carrying capacity of WILLOW
conductor will generally be sufficient for branch line loads). Only 33kV Overhead lines with single
/ twin ELM conductor shall be designed suitable for installation of Fibre Optic cable. Type of line
conductor (Single ELM / Twin ELM / Willow) and the requirement for providing of Fibre Optic
cable shall be established during the Front-End design (FED).
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Table E1
CONDUCTOR
PARAMETER ELM ELM TWIN TWIN WILLOW
WITH ELM ELM
FOC WITH
FOC
Basic span (max.) 80 m 66 m 125m 115 m 100 m
Type of wood pole Stout Stout Stout + Stout + Stout
Intermediate Struct. Single Single H H Single
Type
Pole Pole Structure Structure Pole
Maximum allowable 80 m 66 m 125m 115 m 100 m
wind span for pole
structures
Section Length 2 km 2 km 2 km 2 km 2 km
(max.)
Minimum ground
clearance
For Conductor 6.3 m 6.3 m 6.3 m 6.3 m 6.3 m
For FO Cable NA 5.0 m NA 5.0 m NA
Minimum ground
clearance to finished
road level for major
road crossings
For Conductor 14.85 m 14.85 m 14.85 m 14.85 m 14.85 m
Minimum ground
clearance to finished
road level for minor
road crossings
For Conductor 12.85m 12.85 m 12.85 m 12.85 m 12.85 m
Positive sequence 0.339 0.339/km 0.237 0.237 /km 0.369/km
reactance per km of /km /km
the line conductor per
phase
Note 1: 0.3m allowance for conductor creepage is already included in the clearances specified
above.
Note 2: Stout + wood poles are defined on the Structure Drawings for Twin ELM Conductors listed
in Appendix H.
At road crossings, Overhead road crossing signs shall be provided.
Reference shall be made to HSESM, Chapter-11.
The Contractor shall submit line profile and route plans on which the 5 oC and 90oC conductor and
FO cable sag curves are plotted together with the required ground clearance curve. These shall be
derived in accordance with Section 2.3.1.5 & 2.3.1.6.
2.1.8 Spacing
Refer Clause 4.2 and Table-1 of SP 1127, Layout of Plant Equipment and Facilities, for spacing
requirements between overhead lines, equipment and facilities.
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2.1.9 Clearance from Airstrips & Helicopter Landing Pads

Clearance from airstrips and helicopter landing pads shall meet the requirements of civil aviation
authorities and their permission shall be obtained prior to commencement of work.
Any line designed to pass within a 4.6 km radius from the centre of the airstrips or helicopter-
landing pads shall meet the requirements of authorities concerned. On the approach and take-off
directions the restriction extends up to 15 km from the centre of the runway.
A topographical map showing the proposed line details and construction programme shall be
submitted to the Head of PDO Air Operations well in advance to obtain permission from the
Directorate of Civil Aviation. This may require a site visit by the authorities.
The 'obstacles' within this area are determined according to the height of the structure. The criteria
for evaluating the 'obstacle' are detailed in procedures for 'Air Navigation Services-Aircraft
Operation (PANS-OPS doc. 8168)'.
See also the sketch in appendix-G of this document for guidance.
Further details can be found in the 'International Standards and Recommended Practice
AERODROME Annex. 14'.
No construction within the restricted area shall commence without clearance from the authorities
concerned.
2.1.10 Clearance from Parallel Pipelines

Metal pipelines used to convey fluids can be can be considered as conductors insulated from earth.
They may for part of their length be exposed to several types of influences and especially to
influences of near HV lines. The influences can result of three types of couplings:
- capacitive
- inductive
- conductive
Under fault conditions in the most severe cases and if no protective measures taken voltages on
influenced pipelines can reach magnitude between several hundred volts and a few kilovolts.
In normal operation, influences are normally much lower, but nevertheless safety problems can be
created.
Capacitive coupling
Only aerial pipelines situated in the proximity of aerial high voltage lines are subjected to the
capacitive influence of the conductors.
Power frequency voltages appear between the pipelines and earth when the pipeline is insulated
from the earth, their magnitudes depend mainly on the voltage level of the line, on the distance
between power line and pipeline, and on the line operating conditions (normal operations or
faults).
Metallic pipelines are most often buried and therefore protected from any capacitive coupling
effects.
Inductive coupling
Parallel running of high voltage overhead lines induce voltages in pipelines in steady state and
fault conditions, which, if not restricted, can have the following effects:
 Danger to personnel coming in contact with the pipelines (touch and step voltages).
 Damages to the pipeline coating.
 Cathodic Protection may become inoperative.
The Induced voltages depend on the following factors:
a) Separation distance
b) Line current
c) Transmission Voltage level
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d) Pipe coating resistance

e) Soil resistivity
Under normal operating conditions the maximum induced voltage on the pipeline shall be limited
to 50 Volts to ensure personnel safety. Studies show that induced potential in pipelines in PDO
systems is approximately 20V, which is well within limits.
Under fault condition the induced voltage is much higher, and it varies with the line current
contribution from both ends of the 33kV line as well as the parallel length of run. To achieve a safe
touch voltage of 542V as per ANSI / IEEE the separation which needs to be maintained depends
on the length of parallel run and is given in the table below. Earth fault currents of 2000A and fault
clearance time of 0.3 sec have been considered in the study.
Table P1
Parallel Run Minimum separation between 33kV Line and Pipe to be

maintained
Up to 4.5km 500 metres
4.5km to 6.5km 1km
6.5km to 10km 1.75km
For parallel run beyond 10km and/or higher fault currents, specific case studies need to be
conducted to determine the separation required. If the induced voltage / time limitations can not be
met, additional safe working practices and precautionary measures shall be applied to protect
personnel when working on exposed conductive parts of the pipeline and associated components.
Precautionary measures shall include but not necessarily be limited to low resistance pipe coating,
grounding mat near the pipelines, and suitable layer of crushed rock / limestone on the surface
near the pipes for persons to stand and work. Further advice may be obtained from CFDH –
Electrical.
In case the above separation between the power line and pipeline cannot be observed then the
pipeline department shall make his own study and implement the required pipeline protection, the
installation to comply with safety regulations, i.e. the pipeline cathodic protection shall be
designed for a higher current.
Conductive coupling
Fault current flowing through the earthing electrode of a tower produce a potential rise of the
electrode and of the neighbouring soil with regard to remote earth. Pipelines will be influenced if
they are connected to the ground electrode of the HV system or if they enter into the “zone of
influence” of the electrical installation; the insulating coating is then subject to the potential
difference that exists between the local earth and the pipe potential and can be damaged.
If a pipeline is not influenced by capacitive or inductive coupling, its normal potential can be
assumed to remain very close to the reference potential of remote earth. Therefore, any earth
potential rise at the pipeline location due to a fault or lightning stroke on the tower is applied
directly to the insulating coating of pipeline and puncturing of the pipeline coating can occur.
Melting of the pipeline steel may even occur only when the pipeline is very close to a tower earth
electrode. A fraction of earth potential rise is than applied to the metallic pipeline and can be
transferred by the pipeline to a remote pipeline access point or cathodic protection system. It may
create touch and step voltage, which may be applied, to workers touching the pipeline at access
points or standing nearby such point.
In the case of proximity between a pipeline and transmission line tower, mitigation of conductive
coupling effects may be achieved by reducing the earth potential rise at pipeline location,
increasing the pipeline coating dielectric withstand, etc. In any case for crossing the OHL with
pipeline the following is recommended:
- minimum distance of 50 m have to be provided between line tower and pipeline
- recommended crossing angle between HV line and pipeline have to be more than 45°.
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2.1.11 Clearance between the Line Conductor and the FO cable

A minimum clear separation of 1.0 m shall be maintained between the 33kV line conductors and
the FO cable along the entire span under all loading conditions as per the recommendations of
National Electrical Safety Code C2–2002 published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc.
2.1.12 Location of Pole Mounted Auto – Reclosers

The pole mounted Auto Reclosers for Spur Lines and Tap branch lines shall typically be located on
the first pole after the tap-off arrangement.
2.1.13 Deliverables by Contractor

The following Engineering Documents shall be submitted for Approval:
1. Numbering system of documentation
2. Drawing Schedule/Drawing List
3. Line route drawings/maps of Overhead Transmission Line
4. Longitudinal profile drawings of Overhead Transmission Line
5. Spotting of wooden pole structures on longitudinal profiles, structure lists and sag templates.
6. Soil Investigation Report
7. Access Road drawings
8. Documentation concerning phase conductors and cables
9. Detailed drawings of conductor fittings and accessories (including mid-span joints, repair
sleeves etc.)
10. Detailed drawings of each insulator set (including all fittings)
11. Documentation concerning Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS)
12. Detailed drawings of Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS)
13. Detailed drawings of joint boxes
14. Detailed drawings of Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS) suspension set and tension sets (including all
fittings)
15. Detailed drawings and guaranteed schedules for electrical equipment
16. Detailed drawing of aircraft warning devices
17. Detailed drawing of conductor and Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS) drums
18. Performance test reports on conductors, Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS), insulators, insulator sets
etc.
19. Sag tension calculation for phase conductors and Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS)
20. Installation criteria for vibration dampers, spacers, spacer dampers
21. Design calculation and detailed drawings for wooden poles structures, including stays and
staywires (if required by PDO)
22. Design calculation and detailed drawings for wooden pole structures foundations (if required
by PDO)
23. Detailed drawings for all structures and foundations with marked up modifications, if any.
24. Detailed drawings of earthing systems
25. Detailed drawings of identification plates, danger plates, number and phase plates
26. Detailed drawings of Anti-climbing Guards
27. Operation manuals and maintenance books.
28. All As Built documents.
Contractor shall submit all required stringing sag and tension data and the completed Plan and
Profile Drawings for review by PDO as a part of the contract deliverables. Contractor shall utilise
the information provided in this Standard Design Criteria section and in Appendix A and B as the
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basis for sag and tension calculations and the preparation of Plan and Profile Drawings.
Deliverables shall be submitted far enough in advance to allow time for checking and changes, if
any, without causing delay to the project.
2.2 DESIGN BASIS
2.2.1 Assumed Normal Working Loading
2.2.1.1 Intermediate Pole Structures

Vertical loading - the weights of insulators, cross arms and all other fittings and the actual dead
weight of the line conductors based on the maximum weight span specified .
Transverse loading – Maximum wind pressure at right angles to the lines on the whole projected
areas of the conductors and insulators and on the whole projected area of the wood poles.
Angle loading - Intermediate structures may be used up to a 5° line angle for single and twin ELM
lines by adding side stays.
Intermediate Structures for single Elm are single pole structures and two pole structures are
required for twin ELM lines.
2.2.1.2 Angle/ Section Pole Structures

Loading consists of the maximum vertical and transverse wind loading as described above plus the
transverse horizontal components of the maximum conductor tension, resolved for the maximum
deviation angle concerned. The structures also include the vertical components from maximum
stay tensions. In addition angle structures are designed for uplift loading equivalent to a negative
weight span equal to the basic span for each construction.
The Heavy Angle and Section structures are also designed for unbalanced longitudinal loading of
100 percent of the maximum working tension at all conductor attachment points. The structures
are suitably stayed as per standard drawings to include the loading for this condition. See Standard
Drawing No. STD-4-1162-001 and STD-4-1163-001 for required class of pole for twin ELM angle
structure.
2.2.1.3 Terminal Pole Structures

Loading for terminal structures shall be the maximum vertical and transverse wind loading as
described for intermediate and suspension supports plus the full maximum longitudinal conductor
tensions, together with a plan angle of entry up to 45° on the line side. The structures are also
designed to withstand the vertical components from maximum stay tensions.
In addition 33 kV terminal pole structures are designed for droppers having a maximum tension of
600 kgs for each conductor, acting at any plan angle of deviation from 0° - 30° to the incoming
line and a vertical angle from 0o to 60o .
2.2.1.4 Road Crossing Structures

The general arrangement of road crossing structures, guard poles, etc. shall be as shown on
standard drawings. Road crossing structures shall be positioned so that at least 15m are
maintained from the nearest stay anchor to the road edge. These are straight line structures and in
addition to the normal loading mentioned above they shall be designed to withstand the loads
imposed when road crossing conductors are removed with a factor of safety of 2.5. In-line stays
shall be used to resist longitudinal tensions imposed when road crossing conductors are removed
and the longitudinal loads imposed by a broken conductor at any conductor position in the first
span away from the road crossing
The crossing shall be protected on each side by crossing guards. A warning plate with height to
crossing details in English and Arabic is fitted to the guards at mid-span. Crossing guard poles
shall be fitted with 2 stays each, split in plan view to provide transverse and longitudinal
resistance. Count down markers shall also be provided to warn of the crossing and these shall be
provided on each side of the crossing at 100m intervals.
The height of road crossing structures shall be sufficient to give the minimum specified vertical
clearance from conductors to road surface, under maximum conductor temperature conditions. See
Standard Drawing No. STD-4-1166-001 for required class of pole for twin ELM conductor.
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Structures shall utilize one piece poles without separate extensions.
2.2.1.5 Pole Erection Loads

The Contractor shall propose the method and use of temporary back-stays when pre- tensioning
and stringing conductors so that structures and cross arms are not stressed beyond their design
loads.
The proposed methods shall be provided to PDO sufficiently in advance so that approvals can be
obtained from the Company before any stringing work commences.
2.3 STANDARD 33 KV OVERHEAD LINE DESIGN
2.3.1 Conductors
Line conductors shall comply with IEC 61089 and BS3242. Only ELM and WILLOW AAAC
conductors shall be used. If any other conductors are to be used prior written approval shall be
obtained from the Company.
2.3.1.1 Line Conductor Parameters

Line conductors shall be ELM All Aluminium Alloy Conductors (AAAC). All conductors shall
comply with the requirements of IEC 61089.
The main data characteristics are given in Table C1.
The contractor shall submit certificates of analysis giving the percentage and nature of any
impurities in the metal from which the wires are made. Joints in individual wires are permitted in
any layer except the outermost, in addition to those made in the base rod or wire before final
drawing, But such joints shall be less than 15 metres apart in the complete stranded conductor.
Such joints shall be made by resistance butt-welding and shall be annealed after welding over a
distance of at least 25-cm on each side of the joint. They are not required to fulfil the mechanical
and electrical requirements for un-jointed wires. Factory certificates of conformity/compliance
shall be furnished.
The line conductors shall be supplied on impregnated drums of approved material constructed so
as to enable the conductors to run smoothly and in lengths as long as can be conveniently handled
and erected.
The cut ends of conductors, together with the joints, clamps and fittings attached to the conductors
themselves, shall be treated in an approved manner to prevent the ingress of moisture.
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Table C1
CONDUCTOR PARAMETER ELM WILLOW

Material AAAC AAAC
Diameter of Conductor 18.8 mm 12.12 mm
Stranding and Wire diameter 19/3.76 mm 7/4.04 mm
Area of conductor 211mm² 89.73 mm²
Nominal Aluminium Area 175 mm² 75 mm²
Weight of conductor 0.58 kg/m 0.246 kg/m
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) 59100 N 25180 N
Modulus of elasticity 55900 N/mm² 58850 N/mm²
Temperature co-efficient of linear -6 -6
23 X 10 /°C 23 X 10 /°C
expansion
Continuous current rating (80°C) 400 A 230 A
Short time current rating (90°C) 475 A 270 A
Max. DC resistance at 20°C 0.1568 Ohm/km 0.3665 Ohm/km
Maximum Conductor Tension , Initial
Conditions, 5oC, w/900N/m2 wind force
1900kgs 1300kgs
used for single conductor
Maximum Conductor Tension, Initial
Conditions, 5oC, w/900N/m2 wind force
1700kgs NA
used for twin conductor
2.3.1.2. Creep Prediction

The Contractor shall submit to PDO sufficient information and calculations based on the results of
an approved system of tests to reasonable predict the long-term creep characteristics of the
conductors and the shieldwire.
The Contractor shall also submit proposal for a creep compensation regime to be applied at the
time of stringing. Reference shall be made to the recommendations contained in CIGRE Electra
No. 75 for creep evaluation (equation 8, page 77 for All Aluminium Alloy Conductors).
Such a regime will typically involve prestressing of the conductors prior to sagging, together with
sagging of the conductors at initial tensions higher than final design tensions.
The regime shall be designed to compensate for the predicted creep of the conductors over its
initial 10 years of service life.
2.3.1.3. Materials
Aluminium alloy wire shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60104.
The copper content shall not exceed 0.05%.
2.3.1.4. Workmanship
Precautions shall be taken during the manufacture, storage and delivery of conductors to prevent
contamination by copper or other materials, which may adversely, affect the aluminium or
aluminium alloy.
Where permitted in IEC 61089 for aluminium or aluminium alloy wires the preferred method of
jointing single wires is cold pressure welding.
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2.3.1.5. Test Requirements
2.3.1.5.1.Conductor Tests
Sample tests shall be undertaken on all conductors in accordance with the requirements of IEC
61089 as applicable and this Specification.
The mechanical tests shall be taken on straightened samples of individual wires taken after
conductor stranding. In the event of the sample from any length not passing the mechanical or
resistivity tests, a second and third sample shall be taken from the same length, and if one of these
also fails under test, the length of conductor (ie. drum) from which it has been taken shall be
rejected. For the ductility tests, should any variation occur in the results between the torsion and
elongation methods of testing the results of the torsion test shall prevail.
In the event of any machinery used for conductor manufacture being used for materials other than
aluminium, galvanised or aluminium clad steel, the manufacturers shall furnish to PDO with a
certificate stating that the machinery has been thoroughly cleaned before use on aluminium,
aluminium alloy, galvanised or aluminium clad steel wire and that the conductor is free from
contamination.
2.3.1.5.2.Test Certificate
All metallic materials used in the manufacture of conductors shall be covered by test certificates
stating their mechanical and chemical properties to prove compliance with this Specification and
IEC as appropriate.
These certificates shall be made available to PDO upon request.
Test records covering Type and Sample tests shall be made available to PDO.
2.3.1.5.3.Certificate of Conformity
When requested copies of the following certificate/records shall also be forwarded:
(a) Metallic material test certificate;
(b) Conductor stranding equipment non contamination certificate.
2.3.1.6 System Loading Conditions
2.3.1.6.1 Line conductor / Fibre Optic Cable Sag and Tension, Initial condition
Line Conductors/Fibre optic cable shall be tensioned to ensure that:
 Tension at minimum ambient temperature and maximum wind speed does not exceed UTS /
Factor of Safety (2.5 specified for line conductor & 1.6 specified for FOC)
 Tension at everyday temperature of 35 oC and a wind speed of 8m/s does not exceed UTS /
Factor of Safety (6.0 specified for line conductor & 8 specified for FOC). This is known as the
Everyday Tension.
 At a conductor temperature of 90°C, the minimum ground clearances are met considering
minimum clearance of 1.0 meters between the 33kV line conductor and the FOC, at the
maximum sag point.
All the above three conditions shall be met. By maximising the sag, while meeting the clearance
requirements, the stresses in the line will be reduced.
The formula for sag / tension calculations is given under Appendix D.
The conductors/FOC on the overhead lines shall be tensioned to meet the sag requirements.
Stringing Sag and Tension Tables for initial conditions are provided for various ruling spans in
Appendix-B2.
2.3.1.6.2 Line Conductor Sag and Tension, Final condition

Due to creepage, the sag of the line conductors increases with time. This shall be taken into
account when plotting the ground clearance profiles.
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Line conductors shall be pre-tensioned prior to permanently making off. This ensures that the
conductors are properly bedded down and eliminates a portion of the creep (approximately 0.3m).
A creep allowance of 0.3 m for the remaining portion of the creep shall be added to the sag at
maximum line conductor temperature of 90° C. to produce sag and tension charts for a range of
equivalent spans for the entire life of the overhead line. At the time of installation of the line the
total clearance shall be inclusive of this creep and the minimum clearance required.
2.3.1.6.3 Conductor Pre-Tensioning

Conductors shall be pre-tensioned in each line section between dead ends after the conductor has
been brought up to initial stringing sag and tension and the sag has been verified by PDO and
recorded. The conductor position at the dead ends at each end of the line section shall be marked.
The conductor shall be tensioned to 125% of the initial stringing tension or 80% of the initial sag
and held at this sag and tension for one (1) hour and 20 minutes. After one (1) hour and 20 minutes
the conductor shall be returned to the initial position marked at the dead ends and the sag
rechecked and recorded. All recorded sags and the difference between the initial sag and the sag
after pre-tensioning shall be provided to PDO.
2.3.1.6.4 Conductor Sag Verification

Contractor shall provide suitable dynamometers, sighting boards and sighting levels and other
approved apparatus necessary for checking conductor sag and tension. When required by PDO,
dynamometers shall be tested and, where necessary, calibrated.
Conductor sagging shall be done with sighting boards and sighting levels. Sag shall be measured
and adjusted at the low point of the conductor in the span.
The sag of the installed conductors shall not depart from the correct sag as shown in the stringing
charts by more than minus 4%. For Single conductor lines, the sag of one line conductor shall not
depart more than 100mm from the sag of the other line conductors in a single span. For Twin
conductor lines, the sag of one conductor shall not depart more than 25mm of the other conductor
in the twin conductor pair. The sag of one pair of twin conductors shall not depart more than
100mm from the sag of the other twin conductors in the same span.
When required by the Company, the Contractor shall provide all assistance necessary to allow the
Company to verify that sags and tensions are within the tolerances specified above. Such
verification shall be carried out at selected points along the route of the line as requested by the
Company.
Clearance between conductors and ground and between jumper conductors and structure shall be
checked after conductor installation is complete and sag has been verified. Contractor shall keep
records of all sagging activities including the mean actual sag of the line conductors, the date of
stringing and the ambient air and conductor tension for each line section on Form No.20 from SP-
1100. These records shall be turned over to the Company at the conclusion of line installation.
2.3.1.6.5 Conductor Clashing

Three-phase conductors are spaced apart so that satisfactory electrical clearances are maintained
under the most credible conditions of opposed conductor swinging. Formulae to assess the requisite
spacing have been given in Appendix E.
2.3.2. Fibre Optic cable & Accessories
2.3.2.1. Fibre Optic Cable

Only aerial All Dielectric Short Span (ADSS) Fibre Optic (FO) cable shall be used for wood pole
lines. The parameters of the FO cable shall be as specified below (Table D1).
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Table D1
Type All Dielectric short span (ADSS)

Overall diameter 15.0 mm
Area 177 mm²
Unit weight 180 kg/km
Modulus of Elasticity 13 x 109 Pa
Maximum Working Tension 20000 N
Temperature coefficient of linear expansion 1.1 x 10-6 /°K
FO cable shall be installed at the locations shown on the wood pole above ground on the General
Arrangement Drawing for each type of structure for single and twin ELM conductor.
In case the specification of FO cable to be procured is different from that shown above, allowable
conductor wind/weight span, normal span and fixing height of the fibre optic cable may differ.
The cable design may consist of several different functional cable components. A single physical
component may represent two or more functional components. The design shall contain the
following functional cable components:
 Optical fibres
All fibres shall be of single mode type and shall comply with the requirements of BS EN
188000 or ITU-T G.652, IEC 60793 and IEEE Std1138 and the requirements detailed below.
The fibres shall be designated to operate at 1310 and 1550 nm wavelength and shall provide
low dispersion values for the entire bandwidth above the cut off wavelengths of the cabled
fibres.
Fibres shall be laid loose and equally distributed into buffer tubes made of silicone resin and
filled with jelly compound. The fibres shall be manufactured from high-grade silica and
dropped as necessary to provide the required transmission performance.
The chemical composition of the fibres shall be specifically designed to minimise the effect of
hydrogen on the transmission properties.
The fibre primary coating shall consist in an inert material which can be readily removed for
jointing purposes without damage to the fibre and without necessitating the use of hazardous
chemicals.
The secondary coating may be applied directly over the primary coating or alternatively a
loose-jacket may be provided. Where a tight fitting secondary coating is provided it should
consist of an inert material.
The secondary coating or loose tube shall be colour coded throughout the length of the cable. If
not part of the material of the secondary coating, the colour coding shall be fast and capable of
withstanding normal handling during termination.
The fibre coating shall be translucent such that fibre splicing technique, using optical
alignment of cores by means of injection and detection of light through the cladding shall be
supported. In addition, the fibre coating shall be optically matched to the cladding to promote
cladding mode stripping.
 Optical cable core. Individual optical fibres or groups of fibres shall be contained in a loose
tubes. These tubes shall form the fibres' secondary protection (the coating being the primary
protection).
The optical cable core design shall be based upon the helical stranded loose tube principles (no
ribbon). This means that the cable design shall provide a strain and contraction margin. The
strain and contraction margins shall protect the fibres adequately from mechanical stress
during manufacturing, installation and the service life.
Longitudinal water penetration of the optical cable core shall be prevented by a water blocking.
The optical cable core shall protect the fibres from environmental and electrical stresses.
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Materials used within the core shall be compatible with one another, shall not degrade under
the electrical stress and shall not evolve hydrogen sufficient to degrade the optical performance
of the fibres.
 Moisture barrier. To prevent dirt and moisture penetration which could adversely affect
optical and mechanical properties, the fibres shall be provided with an effective water screen.
 Strength member. The strength member may be incorporated within or outside the optical
cable core. The purpose of the strength member is to ensure that the cable meets the optical
requirements under all specified installation and operating conditions for its design life. The
strength member shall be able to withstand the entire mechanical loads specified in this
specification.
 Armouring jacket. The armouring jacket shall provide the crush, molest and impact resistance
for the optical cable core.
 Outer jacket. The outer jacket shall provide the necessary protection against UV and
background radiation, as well as electrostatic fields.
The cable shall be circular. The cable shall not contain any metallic part or (semi)conductive
elements and particles.
2.3.2.2 Fibre Optic Cable Attachment

The details for installing FOC and the accessories that shall be used are indicated in Specification
SP-1266.
2.3.3 Insulators
General
Post insulators shall be of silicon rubber material complying with the latest revision of IEC
61109 and/or ANSI C29.11 standards. They shall be used as intermediate support insulators at
voltages up to and including 36 kV.
Tension insulators shall be of silicon rubber material complying with the latest revision of IEC
61109 and/or ANSI C29.11 standards.
Design
The insulator shall be made from two insulating parts equipped with metal fittings. The internal
insulating part namely "core" will be designed and manufactured from Glass Fibre Reinforced
Polymer rod. The specified creepage distance is provided with an external insulating part, namely
"housing" (sleeve with weathersheds), and will be manufactured from silicone rubber. The content
of silicone shall be at least 30% of the rubber mass, after adding the fillers.
The core shall be made of electrical grade epoxy and boron-free ECR glass fibres. The insulator
core shall be mechanically sound, free from voids, foreign substances and manufacturing flaws.
Also the design shall be such as to ensure that the core is totally encapsulated and fully sealed from
the live to the earthed ends, by the insulating material from the environment, in order to avoid
moisture ingress.
Alternatively, E core material could be proposed if the design is proven by applicable type tests and
if supported by an adequate track record of successful experience in service.
The housing and weathersheds shall be made of Silicone Rubber material in order to maintain
their hydrophobicity during long term service in critical environments. It shall be applied to a
subassembly of the core and metal-fittings using a process of high pressure, high-temperature
injection mould up. The material for housing and weathersheds shall be of blue colour and bird
repellent.
A minimum thick sheath of 3.0mm of Silicone Rubber shall be moulded on the reinforced fiber
glass rod. The polymer sleeve and weathershed insulating material shall have a chemical structure
of 100 percent silicone rubber before fillers are added. The Silicone Rubber shall be firmly bonded
to the rod, be seamless, smooth and free from imperfections. The interfaces joining the housing to
the core, and those joining the housing to the metal fittings, shall be uniform and without voids.
The strength of the Silicone Rubber to rod interface shall be greater than the tearing strength of the
Silicon Rubber itself. An interface between the metal fittings and the housing that relies on a
compression process is not acceptable.
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The alternating weathersheds shall be firmly bonded to the sheath, moulded as part of the sheath
and be seamless smooth and free from imperfections. Weathersheds shall be at intervals to provide
optimum electrical performance and the weathershed designs should provide a protected bottom
surface that tends to keep dry in wet conditions. Individual sheds shall be of open profile without
under ribs and to IEC 60815.
The insulator shall be capable of high pressure live line washing. A high pressure wash test shall
be preformed on polymer insulators to demonstrate that the units can be power washed. This test
shall be a water spray at a shed seam approximately 3m from the insulators. The spray shall be a
solid stream through a ¼ inch diameter nozzle at 550 psi for a period of ten minutes. For washing
a whole insulator, or 10 seconds for one point insulator surface there shall be no signs of water
entering through or under the outside weathershed into the core or between sleeve and
weathersheds or at the polymer hardware interface into the core.
The end fittings shall be made of ductile cast iron, or forged steel, or malleable cast iron all hot-dip
galvanised. The minimum thickness of the coating of the steel or iron fittings will be 126 micron
(900g/m²). The end fittings shall be attached to insure a uniform distribution of the mechanical
load to the rod. Any member that is machined, bent or worked in manner after galvanising shall be
regalvanised. The zinc coating shall adhere tightly to the surface of the base metal. The zinc-
coated parts shall be free from uncoated spots. The coating shall be free from blisters, flux, black
spots, dross, tear drop edges, flaking zinc, rough appearance and in general shall be smooth, clean
and unscarred when received.
Test Requirements
Design Tests on silicone rubber insulator units should have been previously undertaken in full
accordance with the requirements of IEC 61109 including the ageing tests under operating voltage
and simulated weather conditions for duration of 5000h.
These tests should have been certified by an independent quality assurance organisation, and the
test certificates made available to PDO for approval.
The Contractor shall give PDO the requisite period of notice prior to undertaking the test, and
submit to PDO for approval a test programme and procedures.
Routine tests
Tests made on all production insulators and/or their individual components to demonstrate their
integrity. In general they shall be performed according to IEC 61109, chapter 8.
Sample tests
Tests made on samples of completed insulators and/or their individual components to verify that
product meet the design specifications. In general they shall be performed according to IEC 61109,
chapter 7.
Type tests
Tests required to be made before supplying a type of insulator covered by this Specification in order
to demonstrate satisfactory performance characteristics to meet the intended application and
specified conditions. In general they shall be performed according to IEC 61109, chapter 6. Copies
of Certificates of these tests shall be submitted with the Tender documents.
Design tests
Tests intended to verify the suitability of the design, materials and method of manufacture
(technology).
Identification and Marking
All insulators shall be marked to ensure system traceability.
Each unit shall be clearly and indelibly marked as follows:
- identification of insulator rod (reference number/specified mechanical load);
- marker’s identification;
- date of manufacture.
The insulator profile shall be selected to suit the site conditions, e.g. air foil profile in a desert
environment.
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The creepage distance for all types of insulators shall be 40 mm/kV at highest system voltage of
36 kV = 1440mm.
2.3.3.1 Insulator Parameters-General

Line post Insulators:
Type Single Conductor Twin Conductor
Overall diameter 120mm 179mm
Diameter of core 73mm 69mm
Maximum length 665mm 655mm
Minimum nominal creepage distance 40 mm/kV of the highest system voltage
Cantilever strength 9.0 kN SCL* 22 kN SCL*
Type of mounting Stud type Base type
Stud Dia 22.2mm -
Stud Length 80-100mm -
Tension Insulators:
Type Single Conductor Twin Conductor
Maximum nominal diameter 93mm
Minimum nominal creepage distance 40 mm/kV of the highest system voltage
Minimum Electromechanical load 80 kN SML* 120 kN SML*
Dimensions of overall diameter, core diameter and length of post insulator are indicative and may
vary depending on the make of insulators.
* SML – Specified Mechanical Load as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI C29.11-1989
* SCL – Specified Cantilever Load as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI C29.11-1989
2.3.4 Stay Wire Insulators

33kV stay insulators shall be of approved fibreglass type. Each insulator shall be legibly and
indelibly marked with the name or trademark of the manufacturer and the year of manufacture.
The markings may be printed or impressed provided such impressions do not impair the
performance of the insulator. Insulators shall be connected to the stay wire by means of thimbles
mounted on the ends of the stay insulator.
Termination of all stay wire shall be by pre-formed grips. The electrical strength of the completed
stay assembly shall be in accordance with the electrical parameters shown in Section 2.1.1,
Environmental and General Parameters.
The ultimate mechanical strength of the stay insulator shall be equal to or greater than the ultimate
mechanical strength of the associated stay wire. See Appendix A, Section A2-3 for more
information.
In order to avoid burning of the stay insulators due to leakage currents flowing across the stay
insulators, it is essential that the stay wires above the stay insulator level are bonded to the pole
top steelworks together with all pole bolts and metal work of any kind, so that all metal work
above stay insulators is at the same electrical potential.
The stay insulators shall be placed towards the top end of the stay as far as practicable.
2.3.5 Insulator Fittings, Conductor Fittings, Vibration and Spacer Dampers
2.3.5.1 General
Fittings shall comply with BS.3288 and shall be suitable for live line working. Suspension and
tension clamps shall be as light as possible and shall be of aluminium. All clamps shall be
designed to avoid any possibility of deforming the stranded conductors and separating the
individual strands. The design of fittings shall avoid welds. The fittings shall be designed for
short circuit currents as per the system parameters without exceeding a temperature that would
damage the conductor or the fitting. Arcing horns are required to protect the insulator from power
arcs. The coupling between fittings shall be such that point and line contacts are avoided. The
design shall avoid sharp corners and projections.
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Bolts and nuts shall be locked in an approved manner. Bolt threads shall be coated with approved
grease immediately before tightening-down at erection.
Split pins for securing attachment of fittings of insulator sets shall be of stainless steel and shall be
backed by washers of approved size and gauge. All insulator strings shall be attached to cross
arms by means of shackles. Hooks shall not be used. Conductor counterweights shall be provided
for suspension insulator sets supporting jumpers, in order that satisfactory electrical clearances are
maintained under all service conditions.
All fittings shall be stored on suitable skids above the ground or at a suitable place to avoid mud
embedment during rain. Dirty fittings shall be cleaned prior to installation.
The minimum thickness of the coating of the steel or iron fittings will be 126 micron (900g/m ²).
The end fittings shall be attached to insure a uniform distribution of the mechanical load to the
rod. Any member that is machined, bent or worked in manner after galvanising shall be
regalvanised. The zinc coating shall adhere tightly to the surface of the base metal. The zinc-
coated parts shall be free from uncoated spots. The coating shall be free from blisters, flux, black
spots, dross, tear drop edges, flaking zinc, rough appearance and in general shall be smooth, clean
and unscarred when received
2.3.5.2 Suspension Clamps

Suspension clamps shall be designed to meet the following requirements:
 to minimise the effect of vibration both on conductor or earthwire and on the clamp;
 to avoid localised pressure or damage to the conductor or earthwire and have sufficient contact
surface to avoid damage by fault current;
 shall be free to pivot in the vertical plane of the conductor/shieldwire and shall have a
minimum range of movement of plus or minus 30°;
 shall have a slipping capacity between specified minimum and maximum slipping loads;
 the mouth of the suspension clamp shall be rounded and slightly flared, with a minimum radius
of curvature in the vertical plane of 150mm.
2.3.5.3 Tension Clamps

The mechanical efficiency of tension clamps shall not be affected by methods of erection involving
the use of "come-along" or similar clamps before, during and after assembly, nor by erection of the
tension clamp itself. Tension sets may be fixed or have sag adjusters as per the standard drawings.
Tension sets at the substation ends of slack spans shall be provided with turnbuckle adjusters. The
arc horns provided at the substation ends shall have adjustable arc gaps. Tension clamps shall be
designed to eliminate sharp edges and projections. The Contractor shall dress compression type
tension clamps after installation to eliminate protrusions and sharp edges.
2.3.5.4 Joints and Clamps

Midspan joints shall not be permitted.
Line conductor fittings shall be designed in accordance with BS 3288 or such other equivalent
standard as may be approved. The electrical conductivity and current carrying capacity of each
joint shall be not less than that of the equivalent length of conductor.
The design of all compression fittings shall be such that only one pair of dies each is necessary for
the compression of all the aluminium sleeves provided for each type of conductor. The company
Representative shall approve all jointing sleeves. Tension joints shall be of the compression type
and shall be made so as not to permit slipping or cause damage to or failure of the complete
conductor at a load less than 95 per cent of the ultimate strength of the conductor.
All aluminium compression type clamps and joints shall be of aluminium of a purity of not less
than 99.5 per cent. Non-ferrous alloys shall be such as to withstand atmospheric conditions without
painting or other protection. The contractor shall submit certificates of analysis for the various
parts.
The design of joints and clamps, and any special tools to be used in their assembly, shall be such as
to reduce to a minimum the possibility of faulty assembly. All external nuts shall be locked in an
approved manner. There shall be no relative movement within the clamp between individual layers
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of the conductor itself. Where mating faces of jumper terminals are to be bolted together, they are
to be protected at the manufacturer's works by strippable plastic or other approved means.
2.3.5.5 Vibration Dampers

For the twin ELM line spacer dampers fitted in accordance with manufacturers recommendations
shall be provided. Computer simulation and analysis, using established software for the purpose
for the design conditions specified, shall prove suitability of the damper.
Dampers shall be attached to the conductor in a manner, which will prevent damage thereto.
Clamping bolts shall be provided with domed self-locking nuts designed to prevent corrosion to the
threads. The method of damper manufacture is to be such as to ensure freedom from subsequent
droop of the "bells" in service. The Company may require acceptance fatigue tests to indicate proof
of behaviour in service.
All dampers shall be installed below the conductor and in line with the conductor, at all line
conductor suspension and tension points. A minimum of two dampers per span shall be fitted on all
spans.
Vibration Dampers when installed according with the manufacturer's recommendations shall limit
the aeolian vibration levels so that the conductor strain in the surface of the outer wires,
determined in accordance with the CIGRE/IEEE recommendations, based on a software developed
by an international reputed body to be approved, shall not exceed 150 micro-strains peak to peak at
the vibration damper clamp and at the adjacent suspension clamp or dead end. This requirement
shall be met for all frequencies up to f=1480/d Hz, where "d" is the conductor diameter in mm, the
manufacturer shall provide either suitable test results, field test results or calculations to
demonstrate to PDO satisfactory that this requirement is met.
The messenger cable shall have 19 strands and shall be made from Stainless Steel Grade A4.
Vibration Dampers shall be provided on Fibre Optic Cable in accordance with the
recommendations of the fibre optic cable manufacturer.
2.3.5.6 Spacer Dampers

When specified by PDO spacer dampers shall be provided on the twin ELM line to control aeolian
vibrations. They shall also be used to maintain a sub-conductor spacing of 300 mm centre to
centre. These shall be of bolted type and designed to reduce corona and radio interference to a
minimum. Extensive test results shall be submitted to the Company for approval with type test
reports from approved laboratories. The manufacturer of spacer dampers shall carry out spacer
span calculations on a case by case basis to determine the interval at which the conductors shall be
clamped with a spacer damper. A typical spacing is 25 meters between dampers, this shall be
verified by the supplier based on specific parameters for the line on which they will be installed.
Spacers and Spacer Dampers shall be designed so that to:
 avoid damaging or cause corrosion to the conductor or individual strands under all service
conditions;
 maintain the subconductor spacing at spacer-spacer damper locations within the prescribed
limits under all conditions of service apart from when fault currents are flowing;
 withstand the mechanical loads relevant to the installation, service (including wind induced
conductor movements) and maintenance condition, the design service current including short
circuit effects, the service temperature and environmental effects;
 be free from visible and audible corona discharge and radio interference;
 ensure that individual components are secured against becoming loose in service;
 from materials which have sufficient strength, ductility and environmental resistance to
withstand the static and dynamic loadings;
Spacer dampers shall permit the followings relative movements of subconductors without damage
to the unit or to the conductor:
 longitudinal movement of at least ±25mm;
 vertical movement of at least 20°;
 conical movement of at least 20°;
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 horizontal movement perpendicular to the conductor of at least ± the diameter of the conductor.
2.3.5.7 Corona and Radio Interference

The design of all line conductor fittings, vibration dampers, etc. shall avoid sharp corners or
projections, which would produce high electrical stress under normal operating conditions. The
design of adjacent metal parts and mating surfaces shall be such as to prevent corrosion of the
contact surfaces and to maintain good electrical contact under service conditions. Particular care
shall be taken during manufacture of conductors and fittings and during subsequent handling to
ensure smooth surfaces free from abrasion.
2.3.5.8 Aluminium - Copper Connectors

Aluminium to copper connectors shall be designed to prevent electrolytic action between the
dissimilar metals. The actual aluminium-copper section shall be pre-formed by friction welding at
the manufacturer's works or electrolytic action may be prevented by the use of a proper inhibiting
joint compound. In no case shall copper conductor be placed above aluminium components.
2.3.6 Supports
The supports shall be wood poles. However, where it is not possible to use wood poles or at special
location such as wadi crossings steel poles or lattice steel towers shall be used. Contractor shall
verify the use of steel line supports on an economic basis after satisfying the technical design
parameters and obtain written approval from PDO for each instance.
Design of steel line supports shall be proof tested at an approved full scale testing station.
Wood poles shall comply with BS 1990: Part 1, 1984 or ANSI 05.1-2002. The Contractor shall
witness all routine tests, on wood poles, in accordance with the above Standards prior to shipping.
Steel poles and towers, should comply with BS 5950 & manufacturers’ standards.
Lattice steel towers shall be designed in accordance with ASCE Standard ASCE 10-97.
Supports shall be designed for the following conditions, taking into account the specified factors of
safety:
 intermediate straight line supports (including small deviations up to approximately 5°
maximum),
 deviations greater than 5° and up to and including 30°
 deviations greater than 30° and up to and including 90°
 line terminals at the required approach angle
 special conditions, e.g. abnormally long spans or supports including switches, fuses, cable
terminations, tees etc.
 structures for switchrack
 structures for auto-recloser.
Pole supports for sections, line deviations, road crossings and terminals shall be stayed. Stay wire
shall be fitted with a long stay wire insulator.
To prevent splitting at the pole top, Star Lock or an equivalent anti splitting device shall be
installed in the pole top.
2.3.6.1 Wood Pole Parameters

Standard Pole:
Class Stout & Stout + (See Structure Drgs.)
Length 11m for Intermediate Structure
Length 12 m for angle, section and terminal
structures
Minimum pole Top diameter 190mm
Maximum pole Top diameter 250mm
Minimum pole diameter at 1.5m from butt end 295mm
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Ultimate fibre strength 53.8 N/mm2 (As per BS 1990)
Poles for Overhead road / Pipeline Crossing:

Class H3 for Twin ELM - STOUT for Single
ELM
Length 21/22m for Major and 17m for Minor
Crossing
Ultimate fibre strength 53.8 N/mm2 (As per BS 1990)
2.3.6.2 Pole Quality

Wood poles shall be Pinus Sylvestris (Scots Pine), Pseudotsuga Mensiesii (Coastal Douglas Fir) or
Southern Yellow Pine. Southern Yellow Pine of Class 2 is accepted for intermediate poles only. All
poles shall conform to the provisions in the latest revision of BS 1990 and/ or ANSI 05.1 Standard.
The Contractor shall witness all routine tests on poles at the factory prior to shipping and provide
PDO with Certified Test Data showing moisture content and preservative penetration and retention
of the poles.
Contractor shall notify PDO, 2 weeks in advance, of the date the poles will be ready for inspection
so that a PDO Representative can inspect the poles if PDO opts to do so. Any delays in shipping
due to failure by the Contractor to give timely notification will be to the account of the Contractor.
Pole shall comply with the following:
2.3.6.2.1 Measurement
The poles shall be as circular in section as possible after final dressing. Elliptical shaped poles
shall be measured across the minor axis and this dimension shall be considered the diameter of the
pole.
2.3.6.2.2 Straightness
Sweep and short crook are not acceptable (see drawing STD 4 1514 001).
2.3.6.2.3 Abnormal Defects

Defects such as woodpecker holes or mechanical damage that are assessed to affect the structural
strength of the pole are not permitted. Blue stain in the sapwood is not considered to be a defect.
Swelling of the sapwood that materially affects the pole strength will not be permitted.
2.3.6.3 Splits & Checks

Splits and checks are limited to:
In the top of the pole, a split or a combination of two single checks ( each check terminating at the
pith center and separated by not less than 1/6 of the circumference ) having one or both portions
located in a vertical plane within 30 degrees of the top bolt hole shall not extend downward along
the pole more than 150 mm. All other combinations of checks or a split shall not extend downward
along the pole more than 300 mm.
In the butt, a split or a combination of two single checks as defined above, shall not extend upward
along the pole more than 600 mm.
Ant split for poles shall be installed on all poles; this may be star lock or pole band.
2.3.6.4 Pole Length

The final pole length after dressing shall not deviate by more than plus 150 mm or minus 75 mm
of the quote length.
2.3.6.5 Moisture content

The seasoning process shall commence at the time of felling and under average weather conditions
it is expected that poles shall be seasoned for at least 12 months or kiln dried to the specified
moisture content. To avoid excessive splitting or warping of the poles in the extreme heat of the
Oman desert, the moisture content in the poles before despatch shall be as low as possible and not
more than 20%. In association with this, no splits shall extend into the heartwood.
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The moisture content of the poles to be treated shall be determined immediately prior to treatment
by the method described in BS 1990 or ANSI 05.1. Poles ready for preservation shall be protected
against heavy and continuous rain. Preservation shall take place after the average moisture content
of each batch is reduced to the moisture content mentioned above.
2.3.6.6 Identification
Each pole shall have marking as indicated in BS 1990. Poles without a gouge mark located 3
meters from the butt will not be accepted.
2.3.6.7 Preservation
All drilling, framing and branding on poles shall be completed before pressure treating with
preservative. All poles shall be pressure impregnated in accordance with BS EN 351-1&2 or AWPA
C4 with coal tar creosote complying with the requirements of BS 144. The average net retention of
preservation in a charge shall be in accordance with the specified standard for the species involved.
Pole suppliers shall complete a Creosote Test Certificate for each charge to verify creosote
preservative retention. Penetration of creosote preservative shall be not less than 76mm and 95%
of the sapwood for Southern Yellow Pine, 19mm and 85% of the sapwood for Douglas Fir (Coast)
and 100% of the sapwood for Scots Pine. Tests detailed in BS 1990 and/or AWPA-2002 shall be
undertaken to verify this retention and the results recorded on the Creosote Test Certificate.
All holes made for determining penetration and retention of preservatives shall be filled with tight
fitting treated cylindrical plugs.
A quantity of creosoted plugs shall be sent to site for field use.
Separate approval may be obtained to use preservatives other than creosote; the alternative method
shall be of oil base with approved preservatives (Pentachlorophenol e.g.).
2.3.6.8 Kicking Blocks

In the event that blocks are required they shall preferably be of pinus sylvetris generally in
accordance with BS 1990 or Douglas Fir in accordance with ANSI 05.1-2002. The blocks shall be
cut from sawn timber. The longitudinally cut surfaces of the kicking blocks shall be straight and
clean cut with the annular rings being approximately parallel to the wide face. Planning is not
required. Wain is permissible on one face. The blocks shall be treated with preservative after
fabrication. Creosote applied in accordance with BS.913 is to be preferred.
2.3.6.9 Field Treatment of Wood Poles

The wood poles, if cut in the field, shall be treated at the cut section with 2 coats of creosote rich
paint as per pole manufacturers’ recommendation. If drilled in the field, the drilled hole shall be
pressure treated with the same type creosote or equivalent used to pressure treat the pole at the
treating plant.
2.3.6.10 Pole Foundations

Excavations for pole foundations shall be carried out by machine driven augers and the diameter
shall be such as will permit thorough mechanical tamping of the backfill around the pole base.
Foundations shall not be less than 1.75 m deep. Concrete if necessary for foundations and stay
anchors is to consist of concrete with a cement content of 370 kg per cubic metre and a
compressive strength after 28 days of 15 N/mm2 for unreinforced concrete and 20.7 N/mm 2 for
reinforced concrete in accordance with ERD 19-07. When pouring concrete, free fall of the
concrete shall be limited to 1 meter to prevent separation of the mix components.
The foundation designs indicated in 33 kV standard drawings ( refer Appendix H) assumes the safe
bearing capacities for various types of soil generally encountered in PDO service area and are
indicative only. The soil classification at each location shall be agreed upon with PDO before
deciding the type of foundation as per standard drawings. A detailed design of foundations shall be
carried out based on the project specific soil investigation report to confirm the adequacy of
foundation sizes specified in the standard drawings. In areas where previous soil investigations
have not been carried out and the soil cannot be classified with reasonable confidence, a soil
investigation shall be carried out to ascertain the soil types and their characteristics.
For soil test details refer to ERD 11-02
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2.3.6.11 Aggregate for Concrete

Unsatisfactory aggregates are a common cause of concrete deterioration. Contractor is responsible
for limiting the amount of chlorides and sulphates in the aggregates and water used for concrete in
accordance with ERD-19-07. Contractor shall provide test data to show the chlorides and sulphates
present in the aggregate and water he is proposing to use. Contractor shall also indicate the type of
cement he proposes to use.
2.3.6.12 Concrete
Concrete in foundations shall consist of cement, sand and gravel or broken stone in proportions to
produce dense concrete. Gravel, stone and sand shall be clean and free from dust, earth or organic
matter, or salt. All gravel and broken stone are to be 20mm down graded (20mm-).
All sand is to be coarse, sharp, clean and free from dust, salt, clay vegetable matter or other
impurity and to be screened through a mesh not more than 5mm. It is to be a well-graded mixture
of coarse and fine grains from 5 mm gauge downwards. Water is to be clean and free from all earth
and vegetable matter and alkaline substances either in solution or in suspension. The maximum
water to cement ratio shall be 0.55. All cement shall be Portland or other approved composition
obtained from an approved maker. Portland cement is to conform in all respects to BS 12 for
Ordinary Portland Cement and ASTM 150 for Sulphate resistant Portland Cement.
All concrete is to be thoroughly compacted/vibrated during the operation of placing. The upper
surface of the concrete for all types of foundations is to be finished smooth and sloped in an
approved manner to prevent accumulation of water. An approved concrete additive may be used.
Cubes are to be taken, cured and tested to verify the concrete strength. The characteristic cube
strength shall not be less than 15 N/mm 2 for unreinforced concrete and 20.7 N/mm 2 for reinforced
concrete in accordance with ERD 19-07. The concrete is to be covered by hessian/burlap sacking
and is to be kept continuously moist using approved mix water during the initial period of curing
to avoid rapid drying. The Hessian/burlap covering shall not be allowed to dry out during the
initial curing period because a dry covering will take moisture from the concrete and ruin the
concrete.
2.3.6.13 Foundation Dimensional Tolerances

The centre peg of a structure foundation shall not depart from the longitudinal position shown on
the approved profile by more than 300 mm. The centre peg shall not depart from the central axis of
a section by more than 25mm.
2.3.6.14 Line Identification

Refer SP-1106 Specification for Coding & Identification of Overhead Line Systems
2.3.7 Anti-Climbing Guards

Anti-climbing guards for wooden poles shall be made from mild steel barbed wire having barbs at
least 15 mm long and having a maximum spacing of 35 mm. In all other respect the barbed wire
shall comply with BS 4102, Section 4. The barbed wire shall be stapled to each wooden pole at and
shall be wound round the pole for 12 whole turns over a distance of 500 mm to form the anti-
climbing guard.
2.3.8 Stays and Stay Wires

Stay wires are required at terminal, section, angle and road crossing structures in order to
counteract the pole overturning forces imposed by conductor tension, broken conductor
considerations and/or transverse wind pressure.
While designing the stay wire arrangements the following points are to be taken into
consideration:
 Strength of stay wire
 Strength of the anchor point
 Crippling strength of the wood pole
 Bending strength of the wood pole
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The general arrangement of stay sets shall be as indicated in the standard drawings. Stay wires
shall be manufactured to BS 183 or an equivalent standard and shall be hot-dip galvanised to BS
EN 10244-2 or an equivalent standard. All stays shall include turnbuckle adjustment. Stay wires
shall be terminated by pre-formed helical galvanised steel stay terminations. Stays shall be
connected to poles as shown on the Standard Drawings. At stay wire make off, the ends of all stay
wires and all stay rods to a height of 30mm above ground level and all exposed threads on the stay
rod shall be painted with one coat of bituminous paint. This does not apply to pre-formed helical
rods.
The sizes of stay wires shall be as indicated on the Standard Drawings
See Appendix A2-3 for Stay Wire Size and Grade to be used with each structure type.
The Specified Mechanical Load of Fibreglass Insulators (SML) shall meet or exceed the ultimate
strength of the stay wires listed above
The Contractor shall be responsible for insuring that the minimum strength of all stay set
components meet or exceed the ultimate strength of the stay wire used in that stay set.
2.3.9 Cross Arms
2.3.9.1 Intermediate Cross arm

The standard intermediate cross arm is shown in the Electrical Standard Drawings. (Refer
appendix-H). This is adequate for use on generally flat terrain. However, for non flat terrain
conditions, selection of cross arm shall be made taking into account the following factors:
 Weight of conductors at cross arm extremities (weight span)
 Weight of insulators at cross arm extremities
 Weight of cross arm itself
 Horizontal force of wind on conductors transmitted to the cross arm through support
insulators (wind span)
 Horizontal force of wind on insulators.
 Conductor tension should the line deviate from a straight line route.
Grid gains shall be used at the pole attachment point for all line cross arms as shown on the
Standard Drawings, this will spread the bolt loading to the pole surface and reduce pole top
splitting and cracking.
2.3.9.2 Section, Road Crossing and Terminal Cross arms

Section, Road Crossing and Terminal structure cross arms have to withstand maximum line
tension at the conductor attachment point and are therefore subject to high bending moments at the
point of cross arm attachment to the wood pole. The design shall be based upon the maximum
tension of the conductors at minimum temperature and maximum wind force. The yield strength of
the cross arm steel shall be used to calculate the size of the cross arm required.
Grid gains shall be used at the pole attachment point for the cross arm as shown on the Standard
Drawings to spread the bolt stresses to the pole surface and reduce pole top splitting and cracking.
Refer to Electrical Standard Drawings, group-2 for details (see Appendix H).
2.3.10 Bonding of Structure Metal Work

All pole top metal works shall be bonded together to minimise the possibility of pole fires due to
leakage current through polluted insulators. The contractor shall submit the drawings showing the
proposed method of bonding for Company's approval.
2.3.11 Surge Arresters

Approved type surge arresters shall be installed at the locations where 33kVcable are connected to
the overhead line for tapping power supply to load centres, as per the standard drawings.
For the section of line feeding to single beam pump installation, cable protection by providing rod-
gaps (refer STD 4 1252 001) is acceptable.
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Reference shall be made to SP-1105, Group-2, Electrical Standard Drawings (STD 4) for 33 kV
overhead lines, for more details.
2.3.12 Construction of Support Steelwork

All steels shall comply with BS EN 10025 as appropriate, unless otherwise specified and shall be
suitable for all the usual fabrication processes. The quality of finished steel shall be in accordance
with BS EN 10163.
Unless otherwise specified, the following grades of steel shall be applicable:
a) Mild Steel shall be of minimum grade S235JR
b) High Tensile Steel shall be of minimum grade S355JR for section less than 20mm thick and
S355JO for section greater or equal to 20mm thick.
Steel section profiles shall be in accordance with the requirements of BS 4:Part 1, BS 4848:Part4
and BS EN 10056-2 as appropriate.
Hot rolled steel plates shall be in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 10029.
The allowable ultimate unit stresses used in the determination of the nominal strength of tower
members shall be based on specifications from ASCE Manual No. 52, ANSI/ASCE 10-97 and/or
BS DD133.
The cross arm tips of 33 kV tension cross arms shall be so arranged that two holes for the
attachment of conductor erection and maintenance tackle are provided adjacent to each hole for
tension set shackles. The length of angle support cross arms are such as to ensure that the distances
between conductors at straight-line structures, are maintained in a plane normal to the conductors.
Lock nuts shall be installed on all bolts used to attach the cross arm and cross bracing to the pole.
A locking nut shall be provided for all the bolted connections between insulator set, clamp, dropper,
U-bolt and the supports.
All steelwork shall be stored on suitable skids or battens above the ground or at a suitable place to
avoid contamination with mud during rain. Dirty steelwork shall be cleaned prior to installation.
2.3.13 Galvanising
Unless otherwise specified after completion of all fabrication processes (including all drilling,
punching, stamping, cutting, bending and welding) tower steelwork, including nuts, bolts and
washers shall be hot-dip galvanised and tested in accordance with the requirements of BS 729
(heavy galvanizing shall be applied).
Electro-galvanising is not an acceptable alternative.
The minimum average coating thickness shall be as specified in Appendix T5.
Excessively thick or brittle coatings due to high levels of silicon or phosphorus in the steel, which
may result in an increased risk of coating damage and/or other features that make the final product
non-fit-for-purpose shall be cause for rejection.
The ingot zinc used for galvanising shall comply with the requirements of BS 3436.
All materials prior to galvanising shall be free from oil, grease or any substance, which may
adversely affect the quality of finish.
The preparation for galvanising and the galvanising itself shall not adversely affect the mechanical
properties of the coated materials.
Unless otherwise specified, all materials shall be treated with Sodium Dichromate in order to
prevent wet storage stains (white rust) during storage and transport.
All bolts and screwed rods, including the threaded portions, shall be galvanised. The threads shall
be cleaned of all surplus spelter by spinning or brushing. Dies shall not be used for cleaning
threads other than on nuts. Nuts shall be galvanised and tapped 0.4 mm oversize and threads shall
be oiled.
Bolts shall be delivered with nuts run up the full extent of the thread.
All galvanised materials shall be stored on packing, clear of the ground and away from all
materials that might stain or corrode the galvanising. Black steel packing or bins shall not be used.
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Appendix T5
Galvanizing (BS 729)
1. Steel articles, 5mm thick and over [g/m²] (m) 900 (126)
2. Steel articles, under 5mm thick [g/m²] (m) 675 (94)
3. Grey and malleable cast iron [g/m²] (m) 900 (126)
4. Threaded works and other articles which are centrifuged [g/m²] (m) 381 (53)
2.3.14 Aircraft Warning

Aircraft warning devices and warning lights shall be fitted on overhead lines in approaches to
airstrips or in the normal flight paths of low flying aircraft or where helicopter traffic is present.
These devices shall conform to the requirements of the Civil Aviation Authorities of the Sultanate of
Oman and the recommendations of ICAO, FAA and CAA.
Refer section 2.1.9 for more details.
The warning devices shall be of fibreglass or other suitable material that will not deform or
deteriorate under the climatic conditions in Sultanate of Oman. These shall be 600 mm in diameter
and coloured International Orange. The conductor clamps on the devices shall be such that they will
not damage the conductor. The clamps used for twin ELM conductor lines shall be submitted for
Company approval.
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APPENDIX-A1 - 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM OVERHEAD LINE STRUCTURE

CALCULATION - COLUMN LOADING
Pole Buckling
Transmission poles are small in diameter in comparison to their length, they act as columns and tend to
buckle when subjected to axial compressive loads. Therefore, they must be designed to have adequate column
length.
Transmission poles are classed as long slender columns. Eulers formula is applicable as it relates the critical
compressive force to the column dimensions.
Euler’s Formula for axial compressive loading of long slender columns is:
Pcr = pi2 EI / L2
Where:
Pcr = Critical Compressive Force
Pi = 1.1416
E = Modulus of elasticity
I = 2nd Moment of Inertia
One assumption of this equation is that both ends of the column are free to move. This is not true for an
installed transmission pole with the butt planted and the top supported by conductors and stayed.
End Conditions
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APPENDIX-A1 (Contd.)
The general equation for column loading for a Transmission Pole is based on Eulers Formula and is:
Pcr =Q x pi2 x E x Ieff / H2
Where;
Pcr = Critical Column Loading
Q = Factor for End Condition
pi = 3.1416
E = Modulus of Elasticity (10480 N/mm 2 for Scotch Pine)
Ieff = 2nd Moment of Inertia at the location of the effective diameter
H = Generally taken as the distance from the groundline to the point of load Application
For calculating the ultimate load/crippling load for stayed poles (Section / RC / Terminal) are calculated in
British Standard 1990, Appendix A, Section A-3 for Scotch pine poles using a modified Eulers Formula as
follows:
Fc = 0.00411 x de4 / l2
Where:
l = the effective length taken from the ground line to the point of stay attachment in meters.
( L – D + 0.9) (db – dt)

de = dt + --------------------------------- in mm.
3 ( L – 1.5)
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where:
L = full length of pole in meters
D = depth of planting in meters
dt = top diameter in millimeters
db =diameter at 1.5 meters from the butt in millimeters
The above formula shall be used to calculate the Crippling/Ultimate load for Light angle, Terminal, Section
and Road Crossing Structures.
Calculating the ultimate / crippling loads for Heavy Angle Structures the formula shall be modified to :
Fc = 0.00822 x de4 / l2
This formula shall be used to calculate the Crippling/Ultimate load for Heavy Angle Structures with l 2 and de
defined as above.
(the heavy angle structure more closely approximate end condition “b”, both ends fixed and a Q of 2 can be
used).
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APPENDIX A2 - CALCULATION OF BENDING, CRIPPLING and STAY WIRE

STRENGTHS
A2-1 BENDING STRENGTH

Max. BM = (D3 * 3.142 * f) / (32 * FOS)
where:
D = Diameter of the pole in mm at the section under consideration.
f = Fibre Strength = 53.8 N / mm²
FOS = Factor of Safety
A2-2 CRIPPLING STRENGTH OF STAYED POLES

Ultimate crippling load = (0.00411 x De4 ) / a 2 in Newtons
where:
De = Effective Diameter (mm)
= Top Diam + (L-P + 0.9) x [Diam at 1.5m from butt - Diam at top]
3 x (L - 1.5)
where:
L = Full length in m
P = Depth of planting m
a = L-P
Diam = Diameter in mm
A Factor of Safety of 2.5 shall be applied to the ultimate load derived from the above
formula.
The above formula is from BS 1990 part 1 and is for Scots Pine Poles. It is based on Euler's
Formula for column loading with end conditions suitable for a pole with a single stay
planted in firm soil. It is a good guideline for calculating the allowable crippling load on a
stayed pole. However, it is only a guideline and shall be modified when applied to other
pole species and other end conditions.
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A2-3 STAY WIRE & INSULATOR STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS

Required Stay Wire strength is equal to: conductor tension to be stayed * number of
conductors/stay * 1.414 (for 45o Stay angle) * Factor of Safety.
Number of Conductors/stay = 3 for Single ELM Intermediate Structure
= 1.5 for Single ELM Light Angle Structure
= 1.5 for Single ELM Section & RC Struct.
= 1 for Single ELM Heavy Angle Structure
= 6 for Twin ELM Intermediate Structure
= 3 for Twin ELM Light Angle Structure
= 2 for Twin ELM Heavy Angle, Section, RC
and Terminal Structures
Factor of Safety = 2.5
SINGLE ELM CONDUCTOR

Conductor Tension – Intermediate Struct. = 500 kgs(max. tension on bisector of line angle)
Conductor Tension -Light Angle Structure = 1435 kgs (max. tension on bisector of line angle)
Conductor Tension – Heavy Angle, Section,
RC & Term. Structs. = 1900 kgs (max. initial tension @ 5oC, 900N/m2 )
Intermediate Structure
Required Stay Wire Strength = 500 kgs * 3 cond./stay * 1.414 * 2.5 * 9.81N/kg = 52,018 N
Use 7/4mm strand, Grade 1 150 Stay Wire with Ultimate Strength of 101,000 N
Use Stay Insulator with minimum Ultimate Strength of 93,414 N
Light Angle Structure

Required Stay Wire Strength = 1435 kgs * 1.5 cond./stay * 1.414 * 2.5 * 9.81N/kg = 74,645 N
Section, Road Crossing & Terminal Structures

Required Stay Wire Strength = 1900 kgs.* 1.5 cond./stay * 1.414 * 2.5 * 9.81N/kg = 98,833 N
Heavy Angle Structure

Required Stay Wire Strength = 1900 kgs.* 1 cond./stay * 1.414 * 2.5 * 9.81N/kg = 65,889 N
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A2-3 STAY WIRE & INSULATOR STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS (Contd.)
TWIN ELM CONDUCTOR
Conductor Tension – Intermediate Struct. = 388 kgs(max. tension on bisector of line angle)
Conductor Tension – Light Angle Structure = 1120 kgs (max. tension on bisector of line angle)
Conductor Tension – Heavy Angle, Section,
RC & Term. Structs. = 1700 kgs (max. initial tension @ 5oC, 900N/m2 )
Intermediate Structure
Required Stay Wire Strength = 388 kgs * 6 cond./stay * 1.414 * 2.5 * 9.81N/kg = 80,731 N
Light Angle Structure

Required Stay Wire Strength = 1120 kgs * 3cond./stay * 1.414 * 2.5 * 9.81N/kg = 116,519 N
Use 7/4.75mm strand, Grade 1 000 Stay Wire with Ultimate Strength of 124,000 N
Heavy Angle, Section, Road Crossing & Terminal Structures

Required Stay Wire Strength = 1700 kgs.* 2 cond./stay * 1.414 * 2.5 * 9.81N/kg = 117,906 N
Use 7/4.75mm strand, Grade 1 000 Stay Wire with Ultimate Strength of 124,000 N
NOTE: All Guard Structures for Road Crossings shall be stayed with 7/4 strand, Grade 1 150 Stay
Wire.
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APPENDIX B1 - CALCULATION OF WIND SPAN & WEIGHT SPAN FOR SINGLE POLE
STRUCTURE
CALCULATION OF WIND SPAN

LEGEND
q = wind pressure (N/m²)
A = exposed area (m²)
H = height above ground level (m)
F = force (N)
Fequivalent = Equivalent force at 0.6 m from the top of the pole
Bm = Bending moment (Nm)
FOS = 2.5(Factor of safety on ultimate fibre strength for intermediate support
poles)
Force coefficient = 1.0 for poles and insulators,
1.0 for conductors
1.0 for Fibre Optic cable
Shape factor = 1.0 for poles and insulators
1.1 for Elm conductor
1.3 for Willow (Beaver) conductor
1.3 for Fibre Optic Cable
qbasic = Basic wind pressure = 900 N/m²
B1-1 WIND LOAD ON POLES

B1-1.1 WIND PRESSURE ON POLES
qpole = qbasic
qpole = 900 N/m²
B1-1.2 WIND FORCE ON POLES

Fpole = qpole*Apole, with Apole the exposed surface of the pole above ground
level.
B1-1.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND FORCE ON POLES

Bmpole = Fpole*1/2*hpole (hpole is height of pole above ground level)
B1-1.4 EQUIVALENT FORCE AT .6 M FROM TOP OF POLES

Fpole equivalent = Bmpole / (hpole-0.6)
B1-2 WIND LOAD ON INSULATORS

B1-2.1 WIND PRESSURE ON INSULATORS
Qinsulator = qbasic
qinsulator = 900 N/m²
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APPENDIX-B1 (Contd.)
B1-2.2 WIND FORCE ON INSULATORS

Finsulator = qinsulator*Ainsulator, with Ainsulator the exposed surface of the
insulator
(Ainsulator = Length * Average diameter)
Average height above ground :
hinsulator = hcrossarm+1/2*insulator length.
(h crossarm is the height of the crossarm above ground level)
B1-2.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND PRESSURE ON 3 INSULATORS

Bminsulator = hinsulator *3 * Finsulator
B1-2.4 EQUIVALENT FORCE AT 0.6M FROM TOP OF POLES
Finsulator equivalent = Bminsulator/(hpole-0.6)
B1-3 WIND LOAD ON LINE CONDUCTORS

B1-3.1 WIND PRESSURE ON CONDUCTORS
q conductor = qbasic *shape factor
The shape factor for conductors is dependent on diameter and wind velocity.
practical values are 1.1 for Elm and 1.3 for Willow (Beaver), resulting in :
qelm = 900*1.1 = 990 N/m²
qwillow = 900*1.3 = 1170 N/m²
B1-3.2 WIND FORCE ON CONDUCTORS
Fconductor = q conductor * D conductor* L wind
D conductor = diameter of the conductor (m)
L wind = windspan (m) (to be calculated)
The actual exposed surface of the conductor is slightly larger than Dconductor * Lwind, as a result
of the sag, the difference will be neglected as it is well within the accuracy of above calculations.
Height of support point
h conductor = hcrossarm + insulator length
B1-3.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND FORCE ON
3 CONDUCTORS
Bmconductor = hconductor *3 * Fconductor
Fconductor equivalent= Bmconductor/ (hpole-0.6)
The wind load on the crossarm will be neglected as the exposed surface is small compared to the
other elements
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B1-4 WIND LOAD ON FIBRE OPTIC CABLE (FOC)
B1-4.1 WIND PRESSURE ON FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
q foc = qbasic *shape factor
q foc = 900*1.3 = 1170 N/m²
B1-4.2 WIND FORCE ON FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
F foc = q foc * D foc* L wind
D foc = diameter of the Fibre Optic Cable (m)
L wind = windspan (m) (to be calculated)
h foc = Ground line to FOC attach point
B1-4.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND FORCE ON
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
Bm foc = h foc * 1 * F foc
F foc equivalent = Bm foc / (hpole-0.6)
B1-5 CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WIND SPAN FOR SINGLE

POLE STRUCTURE
Fultimate, the ultimate load at 0.6 m from pole top can be found in BS 1990 part 1(1984), Table-2.
By transforming all forces to 0.015 m below the top (location of crossarm), the equivalent force can
be calculated:
Fequivalentpole = Fpole* hinsulator/(hpole-0.015)
Fequivalentinsulator = Finsulator*hinsulator/(hpole-0.015)
Fequivalent conductor= Fconductor*hconductor/(hpole-0.015)
Fequivalent foc = Ffoc * hfoc / (hpole-0.015)
Fequivalent = Feqpole+Feqinsulator+Fconductor+Ffoc
The wind span can be calculated from above formulae.

Fultimate*0.95 = > F equivalent*FO
* Based on recommendations contained in BS 1990 part 1
NOTE : Factors other than pole strength may dictate the Basic Span Length.
WEIGHT SPAN CALCULATIONS
The weight span applicable to a particular pole position can be calculated from the following:
Weight Span = 0.5 x (L1 + L2) + T/W x (H1/L1 + H2/L2)
Where:
L1, L2 = Length of adjacent spans (m)
T = Conductor tension at minimum conductor temperature in still air (kgf)
W = Conductor weight (kg)
H1, H2 = Difference in elevation of conductor attachment points in adjacent spans
NOTE: H1 & H2 are positive when the attachment point on the adjacent support is lower than the
attachment point on the structure under consideration.
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APPENDIX B2 – STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLE

B2-1 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM CONDUCTOR - 80m RULING
SPAN
Temp. Tension Span 50m Span 55m Span 60m Span 62m Span 65m
(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 5.80 0.31 0.38 0.45 0.48 0.53
10 5.21 0.35 0.42 0.50 0.54 0.59
15 4.71 0.39 0.47 0.56 0.59 0.65
20 4.31 0.42 0.51 0.61 0.65 0.71
25 3.97 0.46 0.55 0.66 0.70 0.77
30 3.69 0.49 0.60 0.71 0.76 0.83
35 3.45 0.53 0.64 0.76 0.81 0.89
40 3.25 0.56 0.68 0.81 0.86 0.95
45 3.07 0.59 0.72 0.85 0.91 1.00
50 2.92 0.62 0.75 0.90 0.96 1.05
55 2.79 0.65 0.79 0.94 1.00 1.10
60 2.67 0.68 0.82 0.98 1.05 1.15
65 2.56 0.71 0.86 1.02 1.09 1.20
70 2.47 0.74 0.89 1.06 1.13 1.24
75 2.38 0.76 0.92 1.10 1.17 1.29
80 2.31 0.79 0.95 1.14 1.21 1.33
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STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM CONDUCTOR - 80m RULING
SPAN (Contd.)
Span Span Span Span Span Span
Temp. Tension
68m 70m 72m 75m 78m 80m
(Deg
kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
C)
5 5.80 0.58 0.61 0.65 0.70 0.76 0.80
10 5.21 0.65 0.68 0.72 0.79 0.85 0.89
15 4.71 0.71 0.76 0.80 0.87 0.94 0.99
20 4.31 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.95 1.03 1.08
25 3.97 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.03 1.11 1.17
30 3.69 0.91 0.97 1.02 1.11 1.20 1.26
35 3.45 0.97 1.03 1.09 1.19 1.28 1.35
40 3.25 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.26 1.36 1.43
45 3.07 1.09 1.16 1.23 1.33 1.44 1.52
50 2.92 1.15 1.22 1.29 1.40 1.52 1.59
55 2.79 1.21 1.28 1.35 1.47 1.59 1.67
60 2.67 1.26 1.34 1.41 1.53 1.66 1.74
65 2.56 1.31 1.39 1.47 1.60 1.73 1.82
70 2.47 1.36 1.44 1.53 1.66 1.79 1.89
75 2.38 1.41 1.50 1.58 1.72 1.86 1.95
80 2.31 1.46 1.55 1.64 1.77 1.92 2.02
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B2-2 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM CONDUCTOR - 66m RULING
SPAN
5 3.32 0.44 0.50 0.55 0.59 0.66
10 3.07 0.48 0.55 0.59 0.64 0.72
15 2.86 0.51 0.59 0.63 0.69 0.77
20 2.69 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.73 0.82
25 2.54 0.58 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.87
30 2.41 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.82 0.91
35 2.30 0.64 0.73 0.79 0.86 0.96
40 2.20 0.67 0.76 0.83 0.89 1.00
45 2.11 0.70 0.79 0.86 0.93 1.04
50 2.03 0.72 0.82 0.89 0.97 1.08
55 1.96 0.75 0.85 0.93 1.00 1.12
60 1.90 0.78 0.88 0.96 1.04 1.16
65 1.84 0.80 0.91 0.99 1.07 1.20
70 1.79 0.82 0.94 1.02 1.10 1.23
75 1.74 0.85 0.96 1.05 1.13 1.27
80 1.69 0.87 0.99 1.07 1.16 1.30
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STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM CONDUCTOR - 66m RULING
SPAN (Contd.)
5 3.32 0.74 0.79 0.84 0.90 0.95
10 3.07 0.80 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.03
15 2.86 0.85 0.91 0.98 1.04 1.11
20 2.69 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.11 1.18
25 2.54 0.96 1.03 1.10 1.17 1.25
30 2.41 1.01 1.09 1.16 1.24 1.31
35 2.30 1.06 1.14 1.22 1.30 1.38
40 2.20 1.11 1.19 1.27 1.35 1.44
45 2.11 1.16 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.50
50 2.03 1.20 1.29 1.37 1.46 1.56
55 1.96 1.25 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.61
60 1.90 1.29 1.38 1.47 1.57 1.67
65 1.84 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.62 1.72
70 1.79 1.37 1.47 1.57 1.67 1.77
75 1.74 1.41 1.51 1.61 1.72 1.82
80 1.69 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.76 1.87
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B2-3 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR TWIN ELM CONDUCTOR - 125m RULING
SPAN
5 13.21 0.58 0.63 0.70 0.72 0.76
10 12.15 0.63 0.69 0.76 0.78 0.83
15 11.15 0.68 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.90
20 10.23 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.93 0.98
25 9.38 0.81 0.89 0.98 1.02 1.07
30 8.62 0.88 0.97 1.07 1.11 1.17
35 7.94 0.96 1.06 1.16 1.20 1.27
40 7.35 1.03 1.14 1.25 1.30 1.37
45 6.83 1.11 1.23 1.35 1.40 1.47
50 6.37 1.19 1.32 1.44 1.50 1.58
55 5.98 1.27 1.40 1.54 1.60 1.68
60 5.63 1.35 1.49 1.63 1.69 1.79
65 5.32 1.43 1.57 1.73 1.79 1.89
70 5.06 1.50 1.66 1.82 1.89 1.99
75 4.82 1.58 1.74 1.91 1.98 2.09
80 4.61 1.65 1.82 2.00 2.07 2.18
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STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR TWIN ELM CONDUCTOR - 125m RULING SPAN
(Contd.)
5 13.21 0.79 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.90
10 12.15 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.95 0.98
15 11.15 0.93 0.97 1.00 1.03 1.07
20 10.23 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.16
25 9.38 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.23 1.27
30 8.62 1.21 1.25 1.29 1.33 1.38
35 7.94 1.31 1.36 1.40 1.45 1.50
40 7.35 1.42 1.47 1.52 1.57 1.62
45 6.83 1.52 1.58 1.63 1.69 1.74
50 6.37 1.63 1.69 1.75 1.81 1.86
55 5.98 1.74 1.80 1.86 1.93 1.99
60 5.63 1.85 1.91 1.98 2.04 2.11
65 5.32 1.96 2.02 2.09 2.16 2.23
70 5.06 2.06 2.13 2.20 2.28 2.35
75 4.82 2.16 2.23 2.31 2.39 2.47
80 4.61 2.26 2.34 2.42 2.50 2.58
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B2-4 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR TWIN ELM CONDUCTOR - 115m RULING
SPAN
5 11.52 0.48 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.60
10 10.53 0.52 0.55 0.59 0.61 0.65
15 9.61 0.57 0.60 0.64 0.67 0.71
20 8.77 0.63 0.66 0.70 0.73 0.78
25 8.02 0.68 0.72 0.77 0.80 0.86
30 7.36 0.75 0.78 0.84 0.87 0.93
35 6.79 0.81 0.85 0.91 0.95 1.01
40 6.29 0.87 0.91 0.98 1.02 1.09
45 5.86 0.94 0.98 1.05 1.10 1.17
50 5.49 1.00 1.05 1.12 1.17 1.25
55 5.16 1.06 1.11 1.19 1.25 1.33
60 4.88 1.13 1.18 1.26 1.32 1.41
65 4.63 1.19 1.24 1.33 1.39 1.48
70 4.41 1.24 1.30 1.40 1.46 1.55
75 4.22 1.30 1.36 1.46 1.53 1.63
80 4.05 1.36 1.42 1.52 1.59 1.70
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STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR TWIN ELM CONDUCTOR - 115m RULING SPAN
(Contd.)
Temp. Tension Span 98m Span 110m Span 113m Span 115m
(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 11.52 0.63 0.80 0.84 0.87
10 10.53 0.69 0.87 0.92 0.96
15 9.61 0.76 0.96 1.01 1.05
20 8.77 0.83 1.05 1.11 1.15
25 8.02 0.91 1.15 1.21 1.25
30 7.36 0.99 1.25 1.32 1.37
35 6.79 1.08 1.36 1.43 1.48
40 6.29 1.16 1.46 1.54 1.60
45 5.86 1.25 1.57 1.66 1.72
50 5.49 1.33 1.68 1.77 1.83
55 5.16 1.41 1.78 1.88 1.95
60 4.88 1.50 1.89 1.99 2.06
65 4.63 1.58 1.99 2.10 2.17
70 4.41 1.65 2.08 2.20 2.28
75 4.22 1.73 2.18 2.30 2.38
80 4.05 1.81 2.27 2.40 2.49
residesLines
Version: 6.0
B2-5 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE WILLOW CONDUCTOR -
100m RULING SPAN
5 5.13 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.29
10 4.63 0.16 0.20 0.23 0.28 0.32
15 4.17 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.31 0.35
20 3.74 0.20 0.24 0.29 0.34 0.40
25 3.35 0.22 0.27 0.32 0.38 0.44
30 3.02 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.42 0.49
35 2.73 0.28 0.33 0.40 0.47 0.54
40 2.48 0.30 0.37 0.44 0.51 0.60
45 2.27 0.33 0.40 0.48 0.56 0.65
50 2.10 0.36 0.44 0.52 0.61 0.71
55 1.95 0.39 0.47 0.56 0.65 0.76
60 1.82 0.41 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.81
65 1.71 0.44 0.53 0.63 0.74 0.86
70 1.62 0.47 0.56 0.67 0.79 0.91
75 1.54 0.49 0.59 0.70 0.83 0.96
80 1.47 0.51 0.62 0.74 0.87 1.01
residesLines
Version: 6.0
STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE WILLOW CONDUCTOR - 100m
RULING SPAN (Contd.)
Temp. Tension
72m 75m 78m 80m 82m 85m
(Deg
C)
5 5.13 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42
10 4.63 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.47
15 4.17 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.52
20 3.74 0.42 0.45 0.49 0.52 0.54 0.58
25 3.35 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.58 0.60 0.65
30 3.02 0.52 0.56 0.61 0.64 0.67 0.72
35 2.73 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.74 0.80
40 2.48 0.63 0.68 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.88
45 2.27 0.69 0.75 0.81 0.85 0.89 0.96
50 2.10 0.75 0.81 0.88 0.92 0.97 1.04
55 1.95 0.80 0.87 0.94 0.99 1.04 1.12
60 1.82 0.86 0.93 1.01 1.06 1.11 1.20
65 1.71 0.91 0.99 1.07 1.13 1.18 1.27
70 1.62 0.96 1.05 1.13 1.19 1.25 1.34
75 1.54 1.02 1.10 1.19 1.25 1.32 1.42
80 1.47 1.06 1.16 1.25 1.31 1.38 1.48
residesLines
Version: 6.0
STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE WILLOW CONDUCTOR - 100m
RULING SPAN (Contd.)
Temp. Tension
88m 90m 92m 95m 98m 100m
(Deg
C)
5 5.13 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.59
10 4.63 0.50 0.53 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.65
15 4.17 0.56 0.59 0.61 0.65 0.70 0.72
20 3.74 0.62 0.65 0.68 0.73 0.77 0.81
25 3.35 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.81 0.86 0.90
30 3.02 0.77 0.81 0.85 0.90 0.96 1.00
35 2.73 0.86 0.90 0.94 1.00 1.06 1.11
40 2.48 0.94 0.99 1.03 1.10 1.17 1.22
45 2.27 1.03 1.08 1.12 1.20 1.28 1.33
50 2.10 1.11 1.17 1.22 1.30 1.38 1.44
55 1.95 1.20 1.25 1.31 1.40 1.49 1.55
60 1.82 1.28 1.34 1.40 1.49 1.59 1.66
65 1.71 1.36 1.43 1.49 1.59 1.69 1.76
70 1.62 1.44 1.51 1.57 1.68 1.79 1.86
75 1.54 1.52 1.59 1.66 1.77 1.88 1.96
80 1.47 1.59 1.66 1.74 1.85 1.97 2.05
residesLines
Version: 6.0
APPENDIX B3 - CALCULATION OF CROSSARM LOADING FOR SINGLE POLE

STRUCTURE
B3-1 STRENGTH OF CROSSARM

Max. Permissible Bending Stress (Bs) in N/mm² = Yield Strength of steel / 2
= 355 / 2 = 177.5 N/mm 2
Bs*Section modulus of angle in cm³ = 177.5 x 24.8cm 3 (100x100x10mm Angle)
Max. Permissible Bending Moment(Bm) = 4402Nm (100x100x10mm Angle)
Bs*Section modulus of angle in cm³ = 177.5 x 29.4cm 3(100x100x12mm Angle)
Max. Permissible Bending Moment(Bm) = 5219Nm (100x100x12mm Angle)
B3-2 APPLIED BENDING MOMENTS

Bending moment due to wind = (Wind pressure on conductor x Insulator length
+ wind pressure on insulator x insulator
length /2) x cos (Angle of Deviation /2)
Bending moment due to weight = Conductor weight x cross arm length / 2
insulator weight x cross arm length / 2+ cross
arm weight x cross arm length / 4
Bending moment due to conductor tension = Conductor tension x 2 x insulator length
x sin (angle of deviation/2)
Bending moment due to wind + Bending =£ Bm (permissible Bending moment)Nm

moment due to weight + Bending
moment due to Conductor Tension
Bending Moment due to Wind = (900N/m 2 x 80m x 0.0188m x 1.1 x 0.665) +

(900N/m 2 x ((0.120+0.073)/2) x 0.665) x
(0.665/2) x cos (5o/2)
= 990Nm + 19Nm = 1009Nm
Bending Moment due to Weight = (120 x 0.58 x 9.81 x 2.5/2) + (9kg x 9.81 x
2.5/2) + (15kg x 9.81 x 2.5/4)
= 854 + 110 + 92
= 1056 Nm
Bending Moment due to conductor tension = 1900 x 2 x 9.81 x 0.665m x sin (5 o/2)
= 1082 Nm
Total Bending Moment = 1009 + 1056 +1082

= 3147 Nm
= 3147 Nm < 4402 Nm
residesLines
Version: 6.0
APPENDIX C1 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM

WITHOUT FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON TWO POLE STRUCTURE
BASIC DATA
CONDUCTOR DETAIL
Type of Conductor ELM

Number of Phases ncp 3
Number of Conductors per phase n 1
Diameter of Conductor dc 18.8 mm
N
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5.69
(0.58 kg/m) m
Tension in each conductor (1900 kg) T 18640N

Wind force coefficient Cfc 1.1
Shape Factor of Conductor Sc 1.0
Basic span Ib 80 m
Wind span (normal working condition) Iwn 80 m
Wind span (Broken wire condition) Iwb 60 m
Weight span (Normal working condition) Iwt 120 m
Weight span (Broken wire condition) Iwtb 90 m
INSULATOR DETAILS
Number of post insulators np 3

Number of tension insulators nit 6
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Outer Diameter d pout 120 mm
Inner Diameter d pin 73 mm
d pout d pin
Average Diameter d pavg
2
d pavg  0.097 m
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm

Outer Diameter dout 93 mm
Inner Diameter dinn 78 mm
( dout dinn )
Average Diameter di di  0.085 m
2
Weight of post Insulator string (9 kg) wp 88 N
Weight of tension Insulator string (21kg) wit 206 N

Wind Force Coefficient Cfi 1.0
Shape Factor of Insulator Si 1.0
residesLines
Version: 6.0
APPENDIX-C1 (Contd.)
FIBER OPTIC CABLE DETAILS

Diameter of optic cable df 15 mm
N
Weight of optic cable (0.18 kg/m) wf 1.77
m
Tension in Optic cable (625 kg) Tf 6132N
Height of optic cable above ground hf 6.55 m
Number of Fibre Optic Cable nfo 0
Wind Force Coefficient Cfo 1.3
Shape Factor for FO Cable So 1.0
WIND PRESSURE
N
Wind pressure on conductors fw 900
and insulators 2
m
N
Wind pressure on poles fwp 900
2
m
N
Wind pressure on FO Cable f foc 900
2
m
POLE DETAILS
Type of poles Stout Poles Per BS 1990
Height of pole hp 11.0 m
Distance between the Poles a 1.8 m

of the structure
Minm Diameter of the pole at top Dpt 190 mm
Maxm Diameter of pole at top Dptm 250 mm
Diameter at 1.5m from butt end Dpl 295 mm
N
Density of pole (710 kg/m3 ) Dep 6965
3
m
Pole Planting Depth pd 1.8 m
( Dpl Dpt )
Diameter at ground level Dpg ( hp pd ) Dpt
( hp 1.5 m)
Dpg  0.292 m
Dpl Dpt
Diameter of Pole at bottom Dpb hp Dpt
hp 1.5 m
Dpb  0.312 m
Diameter of pole at Top of X-Brace DB 0.214m
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Diameter of pole of Bottom of X-Brace Dc 0.234m

Diameter of pole at Plane of Contraflex Do 0.259m
Distance from the ground Line to the hA 9.05 m
Load application point
Distance from Top of pole to hpc 2.2 m
Top of X-Brace
Distance from ground line to hc 5.2 m
Bottom of X-Brace
Distance from Top of X-Brace to h Bc 1.8 m
Bottom of X-Brace
Distance from ground line to hB hc h Bc
Top of X-Brace
hB 7 m
6 N
Ultimate bending Stress f 53.8 10
2
m
  Dpt
2
Area of pole at top At
4
2
At  0.028 m
  Dpb
2
Area of pole at bottom Ab
4
2
Ab  0.076 m
hp
Volume of pole Vp Ab At Ab  At
3
3
Vp  0.554 m
Weight of Pole Wp Vp  Dep
3
Wp  3.859 10 N
Wind Force Coefficient for pole Cfp 1.0
CALCULATION OF FORCES ACTING ON POLES IN X-BRACED, H-FRAME STRUCTURE

The forces acting on poles are
1. Vertical forces due to weight of conductor, insulators and attachments along with the self
weight of the pole.
2. Horizontal forces due to wind acting on the conductor, insulator string and attachments.
3. Horizontal forces due to wind acting on the pole.
The vertical forces create column loading on the pole and bearing pressure on the pole butt.
The horizintal forces create uplift. The poles shall be checked for uplift created by
horizontal forces.
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Locate Plane of Contra Flexure

Dpg  ( 2  Dpg Dc )  hc
Distance from ground line to ho
Dpg  Dc
Plane of Contraflexure 2 2
2 Dpg Dc
ho  2.979 m
Distance between Plane of Contraflex h co hc ho
& bottom of X-Brace
h co  2.221 m
Factor of Safety FS 2.5
DB    f
3
Allow. Load at Top of X-Brace BallowB
32
4
BallowB  5.176 10 m N
BallowB 4
Allow. Load at Top of X-Brace with FS  2.071 10 m N
FS
Dc    f
3
Allow. Load at Bottom of X-Brace Ballowc
32
4
Ballowc  6.768 10 m N
Ballowc 4
Allow. Load at Bottom of X-Brace with FS  2.707 10 m N
FS
Dpg    f
3
Allow. Load at Ground Line Ballowpg
32
5
Ballowpg  1.311 10 m N
Ballowpg 4
Allow. Load at Ground Line with FS  5.243 10 m N
FS
Wind force on Conductor FC fw  dc  Cfc n  ncp  Ib

3
F C  4.467 10 N
Wind force on Post Insulator F pi fw  h p  d pavg  np
F pi  173.266N
Wind force on Tension Insulator F Ti fw  hit di nit
F Ti  253.935N
Force on Conductor and Insulators F FC F pi F Ti

3
F  4.894 10 N
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Wind on Poles
Above X-Brace
( DB Dpt )
Wind Load on pole above X-Brace W PB fwp  hpc 
2
W PB  399.96 N
2 ( DB 2 Dpt )
Moment due to wind Load above X-Brace M PB fwp  hpc 
6
M PB  431.244m N
Distance from Top of X-Brace to point M PB

L PB
Where force W PB is applied W PB
L PB  1.078 m
Between Top of X-Brace & Plane of Contra flex

( Do DB)
Wind Load on pole between Top of W Po fwp  hc h Bc ho 
X-Brace & Plane of Contra flex 2
W Po  855.895N
2 ( Do 2  DB)
Moment due to wind load between M Po fwp  hc h Bc ho 
Top of X-Brace & Plane of Contra flex 6
3
M Po  1.666 10 m N
M Po
Distance from Plane of Contra flex to L Po
Point where force WPO is applied W Po
L Po  1.947 m
Between Plane of Contra flex to Ground Line
( Dpg Do )
Wind Load on Pole between W Pb fwp  ho 
Plane of Contra flex and Ground Line 2
W Pb  738.191N
2 ( Dpg 2  Do )
Moment due to wind load between M Pb fwp  ho 
3
M Pb  1.078 10 m N
M Pb
Distance from Ground Line to Point L Pb
where force WPb is applied W Pb
L Pb  1.46 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Total Bending Moments
At Ground Line
1
Bending Moment at Ground Line Mb F W PB W Po  ho M Pb
2
4
Mb  1.211 10 m N
Allow. Load at Ground Line 5

Ballowpg
Factor of Safety  10.825
Mb
At Bottom of X-Brace
1
Bending Moment at Bottom of X-Brace Mc F W PB W Po  h co
2
3
Mc  8.225 10 m N
Allow. Load at Bottom of X-Brace 4

Ballowc
Mc
At Top of X-Brace
1 
Bending Moment at Top of X-Brace MB F hA hB M PB
2
3
M B  5.448 10 m N
4
Allow. Load at Top of X-Brace BallowB  5.176 10 m N
BallowB
MB
Use max. Tension of 1900 kgs.

Use max. Span of 80 meters
5o Line Angle
Note
Factors/Considerations other than pole strength may dictate the Max. Span Length specified.
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Overturn Forces
F h A ho
Uplift or down thrust due to the VF
applied force a
4
V F  1.651 10 N
2 W PB h B L PB ho W Po  L Po
Uplift or down thrust due to wind VP
on the two poles of the structure a
3
V P  4.118 10 N
Total uplift or down thrust due to the VT VF VP

applied force and the wind on the poles
4
V T  2.062 10 N
Forces in X-Brace
Tension in X-Brace member= Tx

Compression in X-Brace member= Cx
1
VT
2
Tx = Cx Cx (cos 45 = 0.707)
0.707
4
Cx  1.459 10 N
Structure & Conductor Weight
3
Pole weight 11m Stout Scotch Pine Wp  3.859 10 N
Crossarm Length Lc 3.2 m
N
Crossarm Weight per meter (15.0 kg/m) Wm 48.0
m
Number of Crossarm Nc 2
*
Crossarm Weight Wc ( ( Wm  Lc)  1.2)  Nc
Wc  368.64 N
* 20% added with Crossarm weight to consider the weight of Line Terminating strap,
Batten Plate and etc..,
Weight of Insulator WI ( wp  np ) ( wit nit ) 196.2N

(20 kg = 196.2 N)
3
W I  1.696 10 N
Insulator hardware weight of 20kg is considered
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Weight of Conductor Wcd wc  Iwt  ncp  n

3
Wcd  2.048 10 N
Wc WI Wcd
Total Weight WT Wp
2
3
W T  5.915 10 N
Uplift Uplift VT WT
4
Uplift  1.471 10 N
Total Down Thrust DT T VT WT

4
DT T  2.654 10 N
Check Uplift
Surface Area of Planted Depth of 11m Stout pole
Butt dia Dpb  0.312 m

1.8m from butt, dia Dbt 0.292m
Circumference at butt Cpb   Dpb
Cpb  0.979 m
Circumference at 1.8m from Butt Cbt   Dbt
Cbt  0.917 m
Height of Cylinder Hc 1.8 m
( Cpb Cbt ) 
Surface area of Cylinder Sfc Hc
2
2
Sfc  1.707 m
3 N
Resistance to Uplift (Skin Friction) U res 23.9 10 Based on Crushed
2 Rock Backfill
m
Uplift resistance for 1.707m2 of Up U res  Sfc
Surface of Cylinder
4
Up  4.079 10 N
4
Uplift  1.471 10 N
Up
Factor of Safety Fs
Uplift
Fs  2.773
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Check Bearing Load

2
Dpb
Area of Butt of 11m Stout pole Apb 
2
2
Apb  0.076 m
DT T
Bearing Load at Pole Butt BL PB
Apb
5 2
BL PB  3.481 10 m N
Allow. Bearing Load =400 kN/m2
Check Cross Brace (X-Brace) Load
4
Compression in X-Brace Cx  1.459 10 N
Allowable Load 70x70x6 Angle = Cx Allowable
9 N
Youngs Modulus E 205 10 (1 Gpa = 1x109 N/m2 )
2
m
4
Moment of Inertia I 37.7 cm
Theoretical Effective Length Leff 2.55 m
2
E I  
Cx Allowable Cxallow
2
Leff
5
Cxallow 1.173 10 N
Cxallow
Factor of Safety FOSafety
Cx
FOSafety  8.042
residesLines
Version: 6.0
residesLines
Version: 6.0
APPENDIX C2 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITH

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON TWO POLE STRUCTURE
BASIC DATA
CONDUCTOR DETAIL

N
(0.58 kg/m) m

Basic span Ib 66 m
INSULATOR DETAILS

d pout d pin
2
d pavg  0.097 m

( dout dinn )
2
Weight of post Insulator string (9 kg) wp 88 N
Weight of tension Insulator string (21kg) wit 206 N

residesLines
Version: 6.0

N
m
Number of Fibre Optic Cable nfo 1
WIND PRESSURE
N
and insulators 2
m
N
2
m
N
2
m
POLE DETAILS

of the structure
N
3
m
( Dpl Dpt )
( hp 1.5 m)
Dpg  0.292 m
Dpl Dpt
hp 1.5 m
Dpb  0.312 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0

Top of X-Brace
Bottom of X-Brace
Bottom of X-Brace
Top of X-Brace
hB 7 m
6 N
2
m
  Dpt
2
4
2
At  0.028 m
  Dpb
2
4
2
Ab  0.076 m
hp
3
3
Vp  0.554 m
3
Wp  3.859 10 N

weight of the pole.
horizontal forces.
residesLines
Version: 6.0

Dpg  Dc
2 Dpg Dc
ho  2.979 m
& bottom of X-Brace
h co  2.221 m
DB    f
3
32
4
BallowB 4
FS
Dc    f
3
32
4
Ballowc 4
FS
Dpg    f
3
32
5
Ballowpg 4
FS

3
F C  3.685 10 N
F pi  173.266N
Wind force on Tension Insulator F Ti fw  hit di  nit

F Ti  253.935N
Force on Conductor and Insulators F FC F pi F Ti
3
F  4.112 10 N
Wind Force on FOC F foc f foc  df  Cfo  nfo  Ib
3
F foc  1.158 10 N
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Wind on Poles
Above X-Brace
( DB Dpt )
2
W PB  399.96 N
2 ( DB 2 Dpt )
6
M PB  431.244m N

L PB
L PB  1.078 m

( Do DB)
W Po  855.895N
2 ( Do 2  DB)
3
M Po  1.666 10 m N
M Po
L Po  1.947 m
( Dpg Do )
W Pb  738.191N
2 ( Dpg 2  Do )
3
M Pb  1.078 10 m N
M Pb
L Pb  1.46 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0
At Ground Line
1
Bending Moment at Ground Line Mb F F foc W PB W Po  ho M Pb
2
4
Mb  1.439 10 m N
5
Allow. Load at Ground Line Ballowpg  1.311 10 m N
Ballowpg
Mb
1
Bending Moment at Bottom of X-Brace Mc F F foc W PB W Po  h co
2
3
Mc  9.929 10 m N
4
Allow. Load at Bottom of X-Brace Ballowc  6.768 10 m N
Ballowc
Mc
At Top of X-Brace
1 
2
3
M B  4.646 10 m N
4
BallowB
MB

5o Line Angle
Note
Factors/Considerations other than pole strength may dictate the Max. Span Length
specified.
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Overturn Forces
F h A ho
applied force a
4
V F  1.387 10 N
3
V P  4.118 10 N

4
V T  1.799 10 N
Forces in X-Brace

1
VT
2
Tx = Cx Cx (cos 45 = 0.707)
0.707
4
Cx  1.272 10 N
3
N
m
*
Wc  368.64 N
Weight of Insulator WI ( wp  np ) ( wit nit ) 196.2N

(20 kg = 196.2 N)
3
W I  1.696 10 N
residesLines
Version: 6.0

3
Wcd  1.707 10 N
Weight of FOC Wfoc wf  Iwt
Wfoc  177 N
Wc WI Wcd
Total Weight WT Wp Wfoc
2
3
W T  5.922 10 N
Uplift Uplift VT WT
4
Uplift  1.207 10 N

4
DT T  2.391 10 N
Check Uplift
Surface Area of Planted Depth of 11m Stout pole

1.8m from butt, dia Dbt 0.292m
Circumference at butt Cpb   Dpb
Cpb  0.979 m
Circumference at 1.8m from Butt Cbt   Dbt
Cbt  0.917 m
( Cpb Cbt ) 
Surface area of Cylinder Sfc Hc
2
2
Sfc  1.707 m
3 N
Resistance to Uplift (Skin Friction) U res 23.9 10 Based on Crushed
2 Rock Backfill
m
Uplift resistance for 1.707m2 of Up U res  Sfc
Surface of Cylinder
4
Up  4.079 10 N
4
Uplift  1.207 10 N
Up
Factor of Safety Fs
Uplift
Fs  3.38
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Check Bearing Load

2
Dpb
2
2
Apb  0.076 m
DT T
Apb
5 2
BL PB  3.136 10 m N
4
9 N
2
m
4
2
E I  
2
Leff
5
Cxallow
Cx
FOSafety  9.221
residesLines
Version: 6.0
residesLines
Version: 6.0
APPENDIX C3 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR TWIN ELM WITHOUT

BASIC DATA
CONDUCTOR DETAIL

N
(0.58 kg/m) m

Basic span Ib 125 m
INSULATOR DETAILS


d pout d pin
2
d pavg  0.097 m
( dout dinn )
2
Weight of post Insulator (9 kg) wp 88 N
residesLines
Version: 6.0

N
m
Number of FOC nfo 0
WIND PRESSURE
N
and insulators 2
m
N
2
m
POLE DETAILS
of the structure
N
3
m
( Dpl Dpt )
( hp 1.5 m)
Dpg  0.292 m
Dpl Dpt
hp 1.5 m
Dpb  0.312 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0

Top of X-Brace
Bottom of X-Brace
Bottom of X-Brace
Top of X-Brace
hB 7 m
6 N
2
m
  Dpt
2
4
2
At  0.028 m
  Dpb
2
4
2
Ab  0.076 m
hp
3
3
Vp  0.554 m

3
Wp  3.859 10 N

weight of the pole.
horizontal forces.
residesLines
Version: 6.0

Dpg  Dc
2 Dpg Dc
ho  2.85 m

& bottom of X-Brace
h co  2.15 m
DB    f
3
32
4
BallowB 4
FS
Dc    f
3
32
4
Ballowc 4
FS
Dpg    f
3
32
5
Ballowpg 4
FS

4
F C  1.396 10 N
F pi  173.266N
Force on Conductor and Insulators F FC F pi

4
F  1.413 10 N
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Version: 6.0
Wind on Poles
Above X-Brace
( DB Dpt )
2
W PB  399.96 N
2 ( DB 2 Dpt )
6
M PB  431.244m N

L PB
L PB  1.078 m

( Do DB)
W Po  886.966N
2 ( Do 2  DB)
3
M Po  1.78 10 m N
M Po
L Po  2.006 m

( Dpg Do )
W Pb  708.93 N
2 ( Dpg 2  Do )
M Pb  991.686m N
M Pb
L Pb  1.399 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0
At Ground Line
1
Bending Moment at Ground Line Mb F W PB W Po  ho M Pb
2
4
Mb  2.48 10 m N
5
Allow. Load at Ground Line Ballowpg  1.311 10 m N
Ballowpg
Mb
1
Bending Moment at Bottom of X-Brace Mc F W PB W Po  h co
2
4
Mc  1.796 10 m N
4
Allow. Load at Bottom of X-Brace Ballowc  6.943 10 m N
Ballowc
Mc
At Top of X-Brace
1 
2
4
M B  1.492 10 m N
4
BallowB
MB

5o Line Angle (Angle Load supplied by side stays)
Note
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Version: 6.0
Overturn Forces
F h A ho
applied force a
4
V F  4.381 10 N
3
V P  3.87 10 N

4
V T  4.768 10 N
Forces in X-Brace

1
VT
2
Tx = Cx Cx (cos 45 = 0.707)
0.707
4
Cx  3.372 10 N
3
N
m
*
Wc  368.64 N
Weight of Insulator WI ( wp  np ) 196.2N

(20 kg = 196.2 N)
W I  460.2 N
residesLines
Version: 6.0

3
Wcd  6.316 10 N
Wc WI Wcd
Total Weight WT Wp
2
3
W T  7.431 10 N
Uplift Uplift VT WT
4
Uplift  4.025 10 N

4
DT T  5.511 10 N
Check Uplift
Install a 1.1m diameter concrete collar at Butt of Pole to Resist Uplift and Bearing Forces
Calculate Weight of Soil to Resist Uplift using 30o angle of Repose for Average Soil.

Dia of Pole at Ground line Dbt 0.292m
(1.8m from Butt)

N
Average Soil Weight (1602 kg/m 3 ) Sw 15715.62
3
m
Volume of Foundation including Pole
2
( 3.18 m)
Area of Top of Foundation AF1 
2 (Top of Foundation Dia=3.18m)
2
AF1  7.942 m
2
1.1 m
Area of Bottom of Foundation AF2  (Bottom of Foundation Dia=1.1m)
2
2
AF2  0.95 m
Hc 
Total Volume of Foundation VF AF1 AF2 AF1  AF2
3
3
VF  6.984 m
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Version: 6.0
Volume of Pole in Foundation

2
Dbt
Area of Pole at Ground line AP1 
2
2
AP1  0.067 m
2
Dpb
Area of Bottom of the Pole AP2 
2
2
AP2  0.076 m
Hc 
Volume of Pole below Ground Line VP ( AP1 ) AP2 AP1  AP2
3
3
VP  0.129 m
Volume Foundation Excluding Pole
Volume of Foundation Available to Vup VF VP

Resist Uplift
3
Vup  6.855 m
Uplift Resistance of foundation Ures Vup  Sw

5
Ures  1.077 10 N
Ures
Factor of Safety Fs
Uplift
Fs  2.677
Check Bearing Load

2
Dpb
2
2
Apb  0.076 m
DT T
AF2
4 2
BL PB  5.799 10 m N
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Version: 6.0
4
9 N
2
m
4

2
E I  
2
Leff
4
Cxallow
Cx
FOSafety  2.825
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APPENDIX C4 – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR TWIN ELM WITH

BASIC DATA
CONDUCTOR DETAIL

N
(0.58 kg/m) m

Basic span Ib 115 m
INSULATOR DETAILS


d pout d pin
2
d pavg  0.097 m
( dout dinn )
2
Weight of post Insulator (9 kg) wp 88 N

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N
m
Number of FOC nfo 1
WIND PRESSURE
N
and insulators 2
m
N
2
m
N
2
m
POLE DETAILS
of the structure
N
3
m
( Dpl Dpt )
( hp 1.5 m)
Dpg  0.292 m
Dpl Dpt
hp 1.5 m
Dpb  0.312 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0

Top of X-Brace
Bottom of X-Brace
Bottom of X-Brace
Top of X-Brace
hB 7 m
6 N
2
m
  Dpt
2
4
2
At  0.028 m
  Dpb
2
4
2
Ab  0.076 m
hp
3
3
Vp  0.554 m

3
Wp  3.859 10 N

weight of the pole.
horizontal forces.
residesLines
Version: 6.0

Dpg  Dc
2 Dpg Dc
ho  2.85 m

& bottom of X-Brace
h co  2.15 m
DB    f
3
32
4
BallowB 4
FS
Dc    f
3
32
4
Ballowc 4
FS
Dpg    f
3
32
5
Ballowpg 4
FS

4
F C  1.284 10 N
F pi  173.266N
Force on Conductor and Insulators F FC F pi

4
F  1.302 10 N
Wind Force on FOC F foc f foc  df  Cfo  nfo  Ib
3
F foc  2.018 10 N
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Wind on Poles
Above X-Brace
( DB Dpt )
2
W PB  399.96 N
2 ( DB 2 Dpt )
6
M PB  431.244m N

L PB
L PB  1.078 m

( Do DB)
W Po  886.966N
2 ( Do 2  DB)
3
M Po  1.78 10 m N
M Po
L Po  2.006 m

( Dpg Do )
W Pb  708.93 N
2 ( Dpg 2  Do )
M Pb  991.686m N
M Pb
L Pb  1.399 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0
At Ground Line
1
Bending Moment at Ground Line Mb F F foc W PB W Po  ho M Pb
2
4
Mb  2.896 10 m N
Allow. Load at Ground Line 5

Ballowpg
Mb
1
Bending Moment at Bottom of X-Brace Mc F F foc W PB W Po  h co
2
4
Mc  2.109 10 m N
Allow. Load at Bottom of X-Brace 4

Ballowc
Mc
At Top of X-Brace
1 
2
4
M B  1.377 10 m N
4
BallowB
MB

5o Line Angle (Angle Load Supported by Side Stays)
Note
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Overturn Forces
F h A ho
applied force a
4
V F  4.035 10 N
3
V P  3.87 10 N

4
V T  4.422 10 N
Forces in X-Brace

1
VT
2
Tx = Cx Cx (cos 45 = 0.707)
0.707
4
Cx  3.127 10 N
Pole weight 11m Stout Scotch Pine 3

Wp  3.859 10 N
N
m
*
Wc  368.64 N
Weight of Insulator WI ( wp  np ) 196.2N

(20 kg = 196.2 N)
W I  460.2 N
residesLines
Version: 6.0

3
Wcd  5.804 10 N
Weight of FOC Wfoc wf  Iwt

Wfoc  300.9 N
Wc WI Wcd
Total Weight WT Wp Wfoc
2
3
W T  7.476 10 N
Uplift Uplift VT WT
4
Uplift  3.674 10 N

4
DT T  5.169 10 N
Check Uplift
Install a 1m diameter concrete collar at Butt of Pole to Resist Uplift and Bearing Forces
Calculate Weight of Soil to Resist Uplift using 30o angle of Repose for Average Soil.

Dia of Pole at Ground line Dbt 0.292m
(1.8m from Butt)

N
Average Soil Weight (1602 kg/m 3) Sw 15715.62
3
m
Volume of Foundation including Pole
2
( 3.08 m)
Area of Top of Foundation AF1 
2 (Top of Foundation Dia=3.08m)
2
AF1  7.451 m
2
1m
Area of Bottom of Foundation AF2  (Bottom of Foundation Dia=1m)
2
2
AF2  0.785 m
Hc 
Total Volume of Foundation VF AF1 AF2 AF1  AF2
3
3
VF  6.393 m
residesLines
Version: 6.0
Volume of Pole in Foundation

2
Dbt
Area of Pole at Ground line AP1 
2
2
AP1  0.067 m
2
Dpb
Area of Bottom of the Pole AP2 
2
2
AP2  0.076 m
Hc 
Volume of Pole below Ground Line VP ( AP1 ) AP2 AP1  AP2
3
3
VP  0.129 m
Volume Foundation Excluding Pole
Volume of Foundation Available to Vup VF VP

Resist Uplift
3
Vup  6.264 m
Uplift Resistance of foundation Ures Vup  Sw

4
Ures  9.845 10 N
Ures
Factor of Safety Fs
Uplift
Fs  2.68
Check Bearing Load

2
Dpb
2
2
Apb  0.076 m
DT T
AF2
4 2
BL PB  6.582 10 m N
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Version: 6.0
4
9 N
2
m
4

2
E I  
2
Leff
4
Cxallow
Cx
FOSafety  3.046
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APPENDIX D - SAG / TENSION CALCULATIONS
Refer sections 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.4, 2.1.7, 2.3.1.1 and 2.3.1.2 for relevant parameters
Effective Weight of Conductor = (Cond. Wt2 + Wind force2)0.5 kg/m
D-1 SAG / TENSION CALCULATIONS

Knowing the tension of the line conductor or FO cable at any particular set of conditions of
effective weight and temperature it is possible to calculate the tension at any other set of conditions
by solving the following equation:
T1/W1* sinh (S* W1/T1/2) * (1 + alpha) * (t2 -t1) + (T2 - T1)/A/E)

= T2/W2* sinh(S * W2/T2/2)
Where :
T1 & T2 = Horizontal Tension (kgf)
W1 & W2 = Unit Weight (kg/m)
t1 & t2 = Temperature (° C)
S = Span Length (m)
2
A = Cross Sectional Area (mm )
alpha = Temperature Co-efficient of Expansion (/° C)
E = Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus) in kgf/sq.mm
The sag of the conductor or FO cable for a particular span having a tension calculated as above
= T/W * (cosh (W * S/T/2) - 1)
As a starting point, calculating the maximum sag (and minimum tension) at 90°C and still air, in
the equivalent span will result in the lowest stresses in the system
D-2 EQUIVALENT SPAN
The equivalent span for a range of differing spans subject to the same horizontal tension between
Section structures is calculated from the following.
Equivalent Span = [(S13 + S23 + S33 ......... ) / (S1 + S2 + S3.........) ] 0.5
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APPENDIX E - PHASE CLEARANCE OF CONDUCTORS
Formulae to assess the adequacy of phase clearance is given below:
E-1 VDE Formula

Conductor spacing = k (f+ Lk)1/2 + Un / 150 metres
where:
f = Sag of conductors at 40°C
Lk = Length of suspension chain (not applicable)
Un = Rated line voltage in kV
k = 0.7 for conductors £ 150 mm2
0.65 for conductors > 150 mm2
NOTE : The above formula shall NOT be used for 132kV Overhead Line Phase Clearance.
residesLines
Version: 6.0

SINGLE ELM
Legend Description
Qbasic 900N/m2
A exposed area (m2)
F force (N)
FOS 2.5 (Cantilever Strength of Insulators Per NESC)
Shape Factor 1.0 for Insulators
1.1 for ELM Conductor
Dia.cond. 0.0188m
Lwind 80m
Conductor Tension 2400kg
F-1 WIND LOAD ON INSULATORS

Fins = Qbasic*Ainsulator
Fins = 900N/m 2 x ((0.12m+0.073m)/2) x 0.665m = 57.8N / 1000 = 0.058kN
Ftop of insulator = 0.058kN / 2 = 0.029kN
F-2 WIND LOAD ON CONDUCTORS

Fcond = Qbasic x Dcond. x Shape Factor cond x Lwind
Fcond = 900N/m2 x 0.0188m x 1.1 x 80m = 1489N / 1000= 1.49kN
F-3 ANGLE LOAD ON INSULATORS

Fangle = 2 x Tension x Sin (5 o/2) x 9.81
Fangle = 2 x 2400kg x Sin 2.5 x 9.81= 2.05kN
F-4 TOTAL CANTILEVER LOAD ON INSULATOR

Ftotal = Ftop insulator + Fcond + Fangle
Ftotal = 0.029kN + 1.49kN + 2.05kN = 3.57kN
F-5 CANTILEVER STRENGTH REQUIRED

Freq = Ftotal x FOS
Freq = 3.57kN x 2.5 = 8.9kN
NOTE:
Based on the above calculations, a Silicon Rubber Insulator with a Specified Cantilever Load of 9kN
shall be required for Single ELM conductor Overhead Lines with a wind span of 80 meters and a maximum
conductor tension of 23.5kN.
Specified Cantilever Load = SCL as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI Standard C29.11-1989
residesLines
Version: 6.0

TWIN ELM
Legend Description
Qbasic 900N/m2
A exposed area (m 2)
F force (N)
FOS 2.5 (Cantilever Strength of Insulators Per NESC)
Shape Factor 1.0 for Insulators
1.1 for ELM Conductor
Dia.cond. 0.0188m
Lwind 125m
Conductor Tension 2400kg
F-1 WIND LOAD ON INSULATORS

Fins = Qbasic*Ainsulator
Fins = 900N/m 2 x ((0.12m+0.073m)/2) x 0.665m = 57.8N / 1000 = 0.058kN
Ftop of insulator = 0.058kN / 2 = 0.029kN
F-2 WIND LOAD ON CONDUCTORS

Fcond = Qbasic x Dcond. x Shape Factor cond x Lwind x No. of conductors
Fcond = 900N/m2 x 0.0188m x 1.1 x 125m x 2 = 4653N / 1000= 4.65kN
F-3 ANGLE LOAD ON INSULATORS

Fangle = 2 x Tension x Sin (5o/2) x 9.81 x No. of conductors
Fangle = 2 x 2400kg x Sin 2.5 x 9.81 x 2 = 4.11kN
F-4 TOTAL CANTILEVER LOAD ON INSULATOR

Ftotal = Ftop insulator + Fcond + Fangle
Ftotal = 0.029kN + 4.65kN + 4.11kN = 8.79kN
F-5 CANTILEVER STRENGTH REQUIRED

Freq = Ftotal x FOS
Freq = 8.79kN x 2.5 = 22.0kN
NOTE:
Based on the above calculations, a Silicon Rubber Insulator with a Specified Cantilever Load of 22.0kN
shall be required for Twin ELM conductor Overhead Lines with a wind span of 125 meters and a maximum
conductor tension of 23.5kN.
Specified Cantilever Load = SCL as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI Standard C29.11-1989
residesLines
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APPENDIX G - AERODROME
The above sketch is prepared for easy reference by PDO Air Operations, taking into account the requirement
as laid down in "INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES AERODROMES
ANNEX-14".
residesLines
Version: 6.0
APPENDIX H – 33KV OVERHEAD LINE STANDARD DRAWINGS
1. Single ELM Wooden Poles Assembly Drawings

STD-4-1136-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-A 33kV SINGLE ELM INTERMEDIATE
STRUCTURE FOR OHL WITH F.O. CABLE
STD-4-1137-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-B 33kV SINGLE ELM STRUCTURE FOR
OHL WITH F.O. CABLE
STD-4-1138-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D2 33kV SINGLE ELM TER. STRUC. W/
COMBINED DISCON. & DROPOUT FUSE W/SURGE DIVERTER
STD-4-1138-002 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D2 33kV SINGLE ELM TER. STRUC. W/
COMBINED DISCON. & DROPOUT FUSE W/SURGE DIVERTER
FOR OHL WITH FOC
STD-4-1139-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D2A 33kV SINGLE ELM TER. STRUC. W/
COMBINED DISCON. & DROPOUT FUSE W/O SURGE DIVER.
STD-4-1139-002 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D2A 33kV SINGLE ELM TER. STRUC. W/
COMBINED DISCON. & DROPOUT FUSE W/O SURGE
DIVERTER FOR OHL WITH FOC
STD-4-1140-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D5 33kV SINGLE ELM THROUGH POLE
STRUC. W/ COMBINED DISCON. & D/O FUSE W/ SURGE
DIRVERTER
STD-4-1140-002 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D5 33kV SINGLE ELM THROUGH POLE
STRUC. W/ COMBINED DISCON. & D/O FUSE W/ SURGE
STD-4-1141-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D5A 33kV SINGLE ELM THROUGH POLE
STRUC. W/ COMBINED DISCON. & D/O FUSE W/O SURGE
DIVERTER
STD-4-1141-002 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-D5A 33kV SINGLE ELM THROUGH POLE
STRUC. W/ COMBINED DISCON. & D/O FUSE W/O SURGE
STD-4-1142-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-E1 33kV SINGLE ELM TER. STRUC W/
1x3CORE CABLE EXIT AND SURGE DIVERTER
1x3CORE CABLE EXIT AND SURGE DIVERT. FOR OHL W/FOC
3x1CORE CABLE EXIT AND SURGE DIVERTER (W/SADDLE)
3x1CORE CABLE EXIT & SURGE DIVER. W.FOC (W/SADDLE)
3x1C CABLE EXIT & SURGE DIVER. (W/WOOD CLAMP)
3x1C CABLE EXIT & SURGE DIVER. W.FOC (W/WOOD CLAMP)
STD-4-1145-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-E1A 33kV SINGLE ELM TER. STRUC W/
1x3C CABLE EXIT & W/O SURGE DIVERTER
1x3C CABLE EXIT & W/O SURGE DIVERTER W/ FOC
3x1C CABLE EXIT & W/O SURGE DIVERTER
3x1C CABLE EXIT & W/O SURGE DIVERTER W/ FOC
STD-4-1147-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-F 33kV SINGLE ELM FIELD ISOLATOR
STRUC FOR OHL WITH FOC
STD-4-1148-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-FE1 33kV SINGLE ELM W/ FOC FIELD
ISOLATOR STRUC W/ 1x3C CABLE EXIT & SURGE DIVERTER
STD-4-1148-002 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-FE1A 33kV SINGLE ELM W/ FOC FIELD
ISOLATOR STRUC W/ 1x3C CABLE EXIT & W/O SURGE DIV.
STD-4-1149-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-FE2 33kV SINGLE ELM W/ FOC FIELD
ISOLATOR STRUC W/ 3x1C CABLE EXIT & SURGE DIVERTER
STD-4-1149-002 0 ASSEMBLY OF TYPE-FE2A 33kV SINGLE ELM W/ FOC FIELD
ISOLATOR STRUC W/ 3x1C CABLE EXIT & W/O SURGE DIV.
2. Single ELM Wooden Poles
STD-4-1101-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 11m AND 12m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-A
residesLines
Version: 6.0
APPENDIX-H (Contd.)
STD-4-1101-002 0
33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 11m STOUT CLASS, TAP-OFF
STRUCTURE, TYPE-TA
STD-4-1101-003 0 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 10m STOUT CLASS, TAP-OFF
STRUCTURE, TYPE-TA
STD-4-1101-004 0 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 13m AND 14m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-A
STD-4-1101-005 0 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 15m STOUT CLASS, TYPE-A
STD-4-1102-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 11m AND 12m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-B
STD-4-1102-002 0 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 11m, STOUT CLASS, TYPE-TB
TAP-OFF STRUCTURE.
STD-4-1102-003 A 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 13m AND 14m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-B
STD-4-1102-004 A 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 15m/16m/17m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-B
STD-4-1102-005 A 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 19m/20m/21m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-B
STD-4-1103-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 11m STOUT CLASS
TERMINAL/THROUGH POLE STRUCTURE, TYPE-D
STD-4-1104-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 11m STOUT CLASS
TERMINAL STRUCTURE WITH CABLE EXIT, TYPE-E
STD-4-1105-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 12m STOUT CLASS, FIELD
ISOLATOR STRUCTURE, TYPE-F
STD-4-1105-002 A 33kV SINGLE ELM WOOD POLE 12m STOUT CLASS, FIELD
ISOLATOR STRUCTURE WITH CABLE EXIT, TYPE-FE
STD-4-1106-001 A 33kV SINGLE &TWIN ELM - WOOD POLE 14m/17m MEDIUM
CLASS ROAD/PIPE LINE CROSSINGS
3 Single ELM Wooden Pole Crossarms
STD-4-1116-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM TYPE-A
STD-4-1116-002 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM TYPE-B
STD-4-1116-003 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM FOR SURGE DIVERTERS
STD-4-1116-004 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM WOODEN CABLE CLAMP
SUPPORT FOR 3 x 1CORE CABLES / 1 x 3 CORE CABLE
STD-4-1116-005 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM FOR 1 x 3CORE CABLE
SUPPORT
STD-4-1116-006 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM FOR CABLE/PIPE SADDLE
SUPPORT
STD-4-1116-007 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM FOR ISOLATORS AND D.O.
FUSES
STD-4-1116-008 0 33kV SINGLE ELM – FOC FIXING CROSSARM
STD-4-1117-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM TIE STRUTS FOR CROSSARM TYPE-A
STD-4-1118-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM CABLE STAND-OFF BRACKET
STD-4-1122-001 0 G.A 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSS BRACING FOR TYPE-B
STRUCTURE
STD-4-1122-002 0 G.A 33kV SINGLE ELM CROSSARM GRID GAIN
4. Single ELM Foundations
STD-4-1159-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM POLE FOUNDATION DETAILS
STD-4-1159-002 0 G.A 33kV SINGLE ELM POLE & STAY FOUNDATION
ARRANGEMENT
5. Single ELM 33kV Insulator Sets
STD-4-1123-001 A 33kV TENSION INSULATOR SET ASSEMBLY (80kN) FOR
SINGLE ELM - SILICON RUBBER INSULATOR
STD-4-1123-002 0 33kV TENSION INSULATOR FOR SINGLE ELM SILICON
RUBBER INSULATOR
STD-4-1124-001 0 33kV LINE POST INSULATOR FOR SINGLE ELM SILICON
RUBBER INSULATOR
6. Twin ELM Wooden Poles Assembly Drawings
STD-4-1161-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM WITH FOC, INTERMEDIATE STRUCTURE,
TYPE-BI
STD-4-1162-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM WITH FOC, LIGHT ANGLE STRUCTURE,
TYPE-BLA
residesLines
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APPENDIX-H (Contd.)
STD-4-1163-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM WITH FOC, HEAVY ANGLE STRUCTURE,

TYPE-BHA
STD-4-1164-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM WITH FOC, TERMINAL STRUCTURE,
TYPE-BT
STD-4-1165-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM WITH FOC, SECTION STRUCTURE,
TYPE-BS
STD-4-1166-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM WITH FOC, ROAD CROSSING
STRUCTURE, TYPE-BRC
STD-4-1167-001 0 GA-33Kv TWIN ELM WITH FOC, TERMINAL STRUCTURE
W/CABLE EXIT & SURGE DIVERTER, TYPE-BT/D2
STD-4-1168-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM WITH FOC, TERMINAL STRUCTURE
W/CABLE EXIT, SURGE DIVERTER & SADDLE, TYPE-BT/E2
STD-4-1169-001 0 ASSEMBLY OF 33kV TWIN ELM FIELD ISOLATOR STRUCTURE
WITH FOC, TYPE-F
7. Twin ELM Wooden Poles
STD-4-1171-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 11m, 12m, & 13m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-BI
STD-4-1171-002 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 14m & 15m, STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-BI
STD-4-1171-003 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 16m STOUT CLASS, TYPE-BI
STD-4-1171-004 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 17m & 18m STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-BI
TYPE-BLA
TYPE-BLA
TYPE-BLA
STD-4-1173-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 12m & 13m, STOUT+ / ANSI H1
CLASS, TYPE-BHA
CLASS, TYPE-BHA
CLASS, TYPE-BHA
TYPE-BT
TYPE-BT
TYPE-BT
TYPE-BS
TYPE-BS
TYPE-BS
STD-4-1176-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 21m & 22m, H3 CLASS, TYPE-
BRC
STD-4-1177-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 12m, STOUT CLASS, TYPE-
BT/D2
STD-4-1178-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 12m, STOUT CLASS, TYPE-
BT/E2
STD-4-1179-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM WOOD POLE 12m, STOUT CLASS, TYPE-F
8. Twin ELM Wooden Pole Crossarms
STD-4-1181-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM TYPE-BI
STD-4-1181-002 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM TYPE-BLA & F
STD-4-1181-003 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM TYPE-BHA
STD-4-1181-004 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM TYPE-BT
STD-4-1181-005 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM TYPE-BS/BRC
STD-4-1181-006 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR SURGE DIVERTER
STD-4-1181-007 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR CABLE SUPPORT
STD-4-1181-008 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR PIPE SADDLE SUPPORT
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APPENDIX-H (Contd.)
STD-4-1181-009 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR WOODEN CABLE CLAMP

SUPPORT (CONDUCTOR/PHASE)
STD-4-1181-010 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR ISOLATOR HOLDING
TYPE-F
STD-4-1181-012 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR ISOLATOR & D.O. FUSES
STD-4-1181-013 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR FOC FIXING
STD-4-1181-014 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CROSSARM FOR FOC FIXING
STD-4-1182-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM – TIE STRUTS FOR TYPE-BI
STD-4-1182-002 0 33kV TWIN ELM – TIE STRUTS FOR TYPE-BLA
STD-4-1183-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM – CABLE STAND-OFF BRACKET
STD-4-1184-001 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM, CROSS BRACE FOR TYPE BI/BLA/F
STRUCTURE
9. Twin ELM Foundations
STD-4-1196-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM, POLE FOUNDATION DETAILS
STD-4-1196-002 0 GA-33kV TWIN ELM, POLE & STAY FOUNDATION
ARRANGEMENT
10. Twin ELM 33kV Insulator Sets
STD-4-1186-001 0 33kV LINE POST INSULATOR FOR TWIN ELM – SILICON
RUBBER INSULATOR
STD-4-1186-002 0 33kV TWIN ELM TENSION INSULATOR SET ASSEMBLY
(120kN)
STD-4-1186-003 0 33kV TWIN ELM TENSION INSULATOR SET ASSEMBLY
(120kN) WITH VERNIER PLATES
STD-4-1187-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM, SPACER FOR ‘ELM’ CONDUCTOR
11. Single & Twin ELM Wooden Pole Fittings
STD-4-1119-001 0 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM SADDLE FOR PVC PIPES &
CABLES FLAT SURFACE MOUNTING
STD-4-1119-002 0 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM SADDLE FOR PVC PIPES &
CABLES OHL POLE CURVATURE MOUNTING
STD-4-1120-001 0 33kV SINGLE ELM LINE TERMINATING STRAP
STD-4-1120-002 A 33kV SINGLE ELM BATTEN PLATE
STD-4-1134-001 0 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM WOODEN CABLE CLAMP FOR 3
CORE CABLES
STD-4-1134-002 0 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM WOODEN CABLE CLAMP FOR 1
CORE CABLE
STD-4-1134-003 A 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM WOODEN CABLE CLAMP FOR
100mm O.D. PVC PIPE
STD-4-1185-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM – LINE TERMINATING STRAP
STD-4-1185-002 A 33kV TWIN ELM – BATTEN PLATE
STD-4-1185-003 0 33kV TWIN ELM – POST INSULATOR SUPPORTING PLATE
12. Single & Twin ELM Accessories
STD-4-1125-001 0 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM OHL POLE IDENTIFICATION CODE
PLATE
STD-4-1125-002 0 DANGER PLATE OVERHEAD LINE WOOD POLES
STD-4-1125-003 0 OVERHEAD LINE POLE IDENTIFICATION CODE PLATE
STD-4-1126-001 0 PROHIBITIVE SIGN BOARD (OVERHEAD LINE CLEARANCE)
STD-4-1126-002 0 STAY WIRE ASSEMBLY
STD-4-1126-003 0 GUARD PIPE
13. Single & Twin ELM Stays
STD-4-1121-001 0 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM FOR SAND/ROCK ANCHOR
DETAIL
STD-4-1158-001 0 33kV POLE STAY ARRANGEMENT
STD-4-1158-002 0 33kV SINGLE ELM STAY FOUNDATION DETAILS
STD-4-1197-001 0 33kV TWIN ELM POLE STAY ARRANGEMENT
STD-4-1197-002 0 33kV TWIN ELM STAY FOUNDATION DETAILS
STD-4-1197-003 0 33kV TWIN ELM OHL STAY GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
STD-4-1436-004 0 4-WAY 90° DEADEND STAY WIRE POLE BAND WITH SINGLE
STAY WIRE
STD-4-1436-005 0 4 WAY 90o DEADEND STAY WIRE POLE BAND FOR 17m
GUARD POLE
STD-4-1438-001 0 GA-DEAD END STAY WIRE TEE
STD-4-1439-001 0 GA-DEAD END TEE
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APPENDIX-H (Contd.)
14. Single & Twin ELM Fibre Optic Cable

STD-4-1191-001 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE DIELECTRIC SUPPORT ASSEMBLY FOR
INTERMEDIATE POLE
STD-4-1191-002 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ASSEMBLY MOUNTING SUPPORT
DETAILS
STD-4-1191-003 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE TERMINATION ASSEMBLY FOR ANGLE
POLE
STD-4-1191-004 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE TERMINATION ASSEMBLY FOR CABLE
JOINTING & BRANCHING
STD-4-1191-005 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE TERMINATION ASSEMBLY FOR
TERMINAL POLES
STD-4-1191-006 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE MOUNTING SUPPORT DETAILS
STD-4-1191-007 0 EYE BOLT-EYE NUT ASSEMBLY & EYE BOLT-STANDARD NUT
ASSEMBLY
STD-4-1191-008 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE MOUNTING SUPPORT DETAILS
TERMINAL POLES
STD-4-1191-010 0 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE CHANNEL SUPPORT TERMINATION
ASSEMBLY
THROUGH POLE & THROUGH CHANNEL
STD-4-1193-002 0 33kV OHL SINGLE/TWIN ELM CONDUCTOR & FOC
SEPARATION ON POLE
15. Single & Twin ELM Protection of Foundations
STD-4-1159-003 0 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM PROTECTION OF POLES IN WADIS
16. Single & Twin ELM Single ELM Road Crossings
STD-4-1135-001 B 33kV SINGLE ELM MINOR AND SERVICE ROAD CROSSING
LINE ARRANGEMENT AND DETAIL OF GUARD POLE
STD-4-1135-002 A 33kV SINGLE ELM MINOR AND SERVICE ROAD CROSSING
OHL PROFILE AND CLEARANCES
STD-4-1135-003 B 33kV SINGLE ELM MAIN AND GRADED ROAD CROSSING
STD-4-1135-004 A 33kV SINGLE ELM MAIN AND GRADED ROAD CROSSING OHL
PROFILE AND CLEARANCES
STD-4-1198-001 B 33kV TWIN ELM MINOR AND SERVICE ROAD CROSSING LINE
ARRANGEMENT AND DETAIL OF GUARD POLE
STD-4-1198-002 A 33kV TWIN ELM MINOR AND SERVICE ROAD CROSSING
OVERHEAD LINE PROFILE AND CLEARANCES
STD-4-1198-003 B 33kV TWIN ELM MAIN AND GRADED ROAD CROSSING AND
STD-4-1198-004 A 33kV TWIN ELM MAIN AND GRADED ROAD CROSSING
OVERHEAD LINE PROFILE AND CLEARANCES
17. 33kV Single ELM Switchrack
STD-4-1565-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK PLAN - GENERAL
ARRANGEMENT
STD-4-1565-002 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
- ELEVATION A-A & B-B
STD-4-1565-003 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
- ELEVATION C-C
STD-4-1566-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM EXTENDED SWITCHRACK PLAN -
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
STD-4-1566-002 A 33kV SINGLE ELM EXTENDED SWITCHRACK - GENERAL
ARRANGEMENT - ELEVATION A-A & B-B
STD-4-1566-003 A 33kV SINGLE ELM EXTENDED SWITCHRACK - GENERAL
ARRANGEMENT - ELEVATION C-C
STD-4-1567-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK POLE 12m, STOUT CLASS,
TYPE-E1
STD-4-1568-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - TENSION CROSSARM,
4830mm LENGTH
STD-4-1568-002 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - CABLE CROSSARM
CHANNEL, 4810mm LENGTH
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APPENDIX-H (Contd.)
STD-4-1568-003 A
33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - CROSSARM - ON-LOAD
DISC WITH D.O. FUSE CHANNEL
STD-4-1569-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - TENSION CROSSARM,
4650mm LENGTH
STD-4-1569-002 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - CROSSARM - POST INS.,
SURGE ARRESTER & DISCONNECTOR CHANNEL
STD-4-1569-003 A 33kV SINGLE ELM SWITCHRACK - CABLE CROSSARM
CHANNEL, 4650mm LENGTH
STD-4-1570-001 A 33kV SWITCHRACK - TENSION CROSSARM CONNECTION
PLATE
STD-4-1570-002 A 33kV SWITCHRACK - CHANNEL CROSSARM CONNECTION
PLATE
STD-4-1570-003 A 33kV SWITCHRACK - CROSSARM CONNECTION CHANNEL
STD-4-1571-001 A 33kV SWITCHRACK - TENSION CROSSARM GRID GAIN AND
CONNECTION PLATE ARRANGEMENT
STD-4-1571-002 A 33kV SWITCHRACK - CHANNEL CROSSARM GRID GAIN AND
CONNECTION PLATE ARRANGEMENT
18. 33kV Single ELM Autorecloser
STD-4-1572-001 A 33kV SINGLE ELM AUTORECLOSER - ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE
19. Wood Pole Measurement
STD-4-1514-001 0 DELETED
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APPENDIX J – GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
For the purpose of this document the following definitions shall apply.
General Terminology
Company - Petroleum Development Oman LLC of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Consultant - A party to a Contract with the Company or Contractor who is
responsible for providing design, engineering, and other related
consultancy services under a Contract
Contractor - A party to a Contract with the Company who is responsible for the
construction, commissioning and other related works specified in the
Contract. On occasion, a Contractor may be responsible for the duties of
both Consultant and Contractor
Manufacturer - A party responsible for the manufacture of material or equipment to
perform the duties specified by the Consultant, Contractor or the
Company
May - The word 'may' is to be understood as indicating a possible course of
action
Shall - The word 'shall' is to be understood as mandatory
Should - The word 'should' is to be understood as strongly recommended
User - A qualified engineer, Consultant or Contractor who applies these
standards in the execution of a PDO project or Contract
Vendor/supplier - The party responsible for the manufacture of materials, equipment or
product related services in accordance with the purchase order issued by
the Consultant, Contractor or its nominated purchasing office
Technical Terminology
Basic Span - The Span length assumed as an equivalent span for a complete overhead
line consisting of many sections.
Equivalent Span - The span length adopted for sag / tension calculations for a particular
line section.
Sag - The vertical distance, under any system of conductor loading, between
the conductor and a straight line joining adjacent supporting joints.
Section - The portion of an overhead line between two fully supported tension
points.
Span Length - The horizontal distance between adjacent supports.
Weight Span - The horizontal distance between the lowest points of the conductor on
two adjacent spans.
Wind Span - Half of the sum of the spans adjacent to a particular support.
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Version: 6.0
SP USER-COMMENT FORM
SP User-Comment Form
If you find something that is incorrect, ambiguous or could be better in an SP, write your comments
and suggestions on this form. Send the form to the Document Control Section (DCS). They make a
record of your comment and send the form to the correct CFDH. The form has spaces for your
personal details. This lets DCS or the CFDH ask you about your comments and tell you about the
decision.
SP Details Title Issue Date:
Number:
Page number: Heading Number: Figure Number:
Comments:
Suggestions:
User’s personal details

Name: Ref. Ind: Signature: Date:
Phone:
Document Control Section Actions
Comment Number: Dates CFDH
Recd: To CFDH: Ref. Ind:
CFDH Actions
Recd Decision: Inits: Ref. Date:
Date: Reject: Ind:
Accept, revise at next issue:
Accept, issue temporary amendment
Comments:
Originator Date: Inits: Document Control Date: Inits:

Advised: Section Advised:
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Version: 6.0
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Design of 33kV Overhead Power Lines

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Design of 33kV Overhead Power Lines

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RESTRICTED Document ID : SP-1102A Ver-6

Aug 2008 Filing key : Business Control

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.

Specification for Design of

Please familiarise yourself with the

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Version 5.0 May’08 Said Al Shuley, Generally updated.

iii Related Business Processes

2.3.5.4 Joints and Clamps.....................................................................................................30

APPENDIX-A1 - 33kV SINGLE & TWIN ELM OVERHEAD LINE STRUCTURE

1.2 APPLICABLE STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES

1.2.1 PDO standards

SP-1171 - Specification for Quality Assurance of Design, Construction and

1.2.2 SIOP/ SIEP standards

1.2.3 International standards

BS 144: 1997 - Coal Tar Creosote for Wood Preservation.

EIA/TIA-455 - Standard Test Procedures for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables,

1.3 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS

1.4 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

2.1 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1.1 Environmental and General Parameters

2.1.2 Factors of Safety

1. Phase and Earth Conductors on Ultimate Tensile Strength at 2.5

2.1.3 Basic Span

2.1.4 Wind Span

2.1.5 Weight Span

2.1.6 Line Routing

2.1.7 Line Parameters

2.1.9 Clearance from Airstrips & Helicopter Landing Pads

2.1.10 Clearance from Parallel Pipelines

d) Pipe coating resistance

Parallel Run Minimum separation between 33kV Line and Pipe to be

2.1.11 Clearance between the Line Conductor and the FO cable

2.1.12 Location of Pole Mounted Auto – Reclosers

2.1.13 Deliverables by Contractor

2.2 DESIGN BASIS

2.2.1 Assumed Normal Working Loading

2.2.1.1 Intermediate Pole Structures

2.2.1.2 Angle/ Section Pole Structures

2.2.1.3 Terminal Pole Structures

2.2.1.4 Road Crossing Structures

Structures shall utilize one piece poles without separate extensions.

2.2.1.5 Pole Erection Loads

2.3 STANDARD 33 KV OVERHEAD LINE DESIGN

2.3.1.1 Line Conductor Parameters

CONDUCTOR PARAMETER ELM WILLOW

2.3.1.2. Creep Prediction

2.3.1.5. Test Requirements

2.3.1.6 System Loading Conditions

2.3.1.6.2 Line Conductor Sag and Tension, Final condition

2.3.1.6.3 Conductor Pre-Tensioning

2.3.1.6.4 Conductor Sag Verification

2.3.1.6.5 Conductor Clashing

2.3.2. Fibre Optic cable & Accessories

2.3.2.1. Fibre Optic Cable

Type All Dielectric short span (ADSS)

2.3.2.2 Fibre Optic Cable Attachment

2.3.3.1 Insulator Parameters-General

2.3.4 Stay Wire Insulators

2.3.5 Insulator Fittings, Conductor Fittings, Vibration and Spacer Dampers

2.3.5.2 Suspension Clamps

2.3.5.3 Tension Clamps

2.3.5.4 Joints and Clamps

2.3.5.5 Vibration Dampers