   

Q08. Let a  î  4ˆj  2k̂ , b  3 î  2ˆj  7 k̂ and c  2 î  ˆj  4k̂ . Find a vector d which is
  
perpendicular to both a and b and c.d   15.
  
Sol. As d is perpendicular to both a and b so, d  (a  b) where   R  0
î ˆj k̂
  
Now, a  b  1 4 2  32 î  ĵ  14k̂ . So, d  (32 î  ˆj  14k̂) .
3 2 7
 5
Given that c.d  15 so, (2î  ĵ  4k̂).[(32î  ˆj  14 k̂)]  0   
3
 5 1
Hence, d  (32 î  ˆj  14k̂)  (160 î  5 ĵ  70k̂) .
3 3


Q16. Find the shortest distance (S.D.) between the lines r  6î  2ˆj  2k̂  (î  2 ˆj  2k̂) and

r  4 î  k̂  (3î  2 ˆj  2 k̂) .
 
Sol. Let L1 : r  6î  2ˆj  2k̂  (î  2 ˆj  2k̂) and L2 : r  4 î  k̂  (3î  2 ˆj  2 k̂) .
   
So, a 1  6 î  2 ĵ  2 k̂, b 1  î  2 ĵ  2k̂, a 2  4î  k̂, b2  3 î  2 ĵ  2 k̂

     
 a 2  a1  10î  2ˆj  3 k̂, b 1  b 2  8î  8ˆj  4 k̂ and |b 1  b2 | 8 2  82  4 2  12 .
   
|( a 2  a 1 ).( b 1  b2 )| |( 10 î  2 ĵ  3k̂).(8î  8 ĵ  4k̂)|
 S.D.      9units .
|b 1  b 2 |
Q20. Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line 6x 3(y 1  )2(z 2) .
Sol. Let P(1, 6, 3) be the given point and M be the foot of perpendicular from P to the given line
x y1 z2
6x  3(y  1)  2(z  2) i.e.,     (say) …(i)
1 2 3
The coordinates of any random point on (i) is M( , 2  1, 3  2 ).
The direction ratios of PM are   1, 2  5, 3  1
The d.r.’s of line (i) are 1, 2, 3.
Since PM is  er to line (i) so, using a 1a 2  b 1 b2  c 1c 2  0 we get : P
1(  1)  2(2  5)  3(3  1)  0    1
So, Foot of perpendicular : M(1, 3, 5)
Let Q(h, p, s) be the image of P in the line (i). M
Then M will be the mid-point of PQ. Line
 1 h 6  p 3  s 
i.e., M(1, 3, 5)  M  , ,
 2 2 2 
 Image of point P in line (i) is : Q(1, 0, 7). Q
Q10. A speaks truth in 75% of the cases, while B in 90% of the cases. In what percent of cases are they likely
to contradict each other in stating the same fact?
Do you think that statement of B is true?
Sol. Let A and B denote ‘A speaks the truth’ and ‘B speaks the truth’ respectively.
75 25 90 10
We have P(A) = , P(A) = 1  P(A) = , P(B)  , P(B) 
100 100 100 100
Required probability = P(A)P(B) + P(A)P(B)
75 10 25 90 30
= .  . = i.e., 30%
100 100 100 100 100
Hence they are likely to contradict each other in 30% of the cases in stating the same fact.
Though B speaks truth in 90% of the cases but he also lies in 10% of the case. So, his statement is not
always true.

Q11. Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two children,
what is the conditional probability that both are girls? Given that (i) the youngest is a girl.
(ii) at least one is a girl.
Sol. Let B and G represent the boy and the girl child respectively. If a family has two children, the
sample space will be S = {(B, B), (B, G), (G, B), (G, G)}.
Let A be the event that both children are girls. That means A = {(G, G)}
(i) Let E be the event that the youngest child is a girl. That gives E = {(B, G), (G, G)}
That implies, A  E = {(G, G)}.
P(A  E) 1/4 1
 P(A|E)   P(A|E)   .
P(E) 2/4 2
(ii) Let F be the event that at least one child is a girl. That gives F = {(B, G), (G, B), (G, G)}
That implies, A  F = {(G, G)}.
P(A  F) 1/4 1
P(A|F)   P(A|F)   .
P(F) 3/4 3
2 1
Q16. If A and B are two independent events such that P(A  B)  and P(A  B)  , then find
15 6
P(A) and P(B) .
Sol. Since A and B are two independent events so A and B , A and B are independent events.
2 1
P(A  B)  P(A)P(B)  and, P(A  B)  P(A)P(B)  .
15 6
2 1
 [1 P(A)]P(B)  and, P(A)[1 P(B)]  Let P(A)  x, P(B)  y
15 6
2 1 2 1
[1 x]y  and, x[1 y]   y  xy  ...(i), x  xy  ...(ii)
15 6 15 6
2 1 1 1 1  1
Subtracting (ii) from (i), y  x      y  x 
15 6 30 6  6y 30  6  6y
1 1 6y  6 y 1
 y   6y  6y 2 1    30y 2  29y  4  0
6  6y 30 30 5
29  841  480 29  19 1 4
y y y ,
60 60 6 5
1 4 1 1 5
y  , So, x   ,
6 5 6  6y 5 6
1 5 1 4
Hence, P(A)  , and P(B)  , .
5 6 6 5
Q17. A problem in Mathematics is given to 4 students A, B, C and D. Their chances of solving the
problems respectively are 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 and 2/3. What is the probability that (i) the problem will be
solved? (ii) at most one of them will solve the problem?
Sol. Let A, B, C and D denote the events that A, B, C and D solves the problem in Mathematics
respectively.
1 1 1 2 2 3 4 1
P(A)  , P(B)  , P(C)  and P(D)   P(A)  , P(B)  , P(C)  and P(D)  .
3 4 5 3 3 4 5 3
(i) P(the problem will be solved)  P(A  B  C  D)  1 P(A  B  C  D)
2 3 4 1 13
  1 P(A)  P(B) P(C)  P(D)  1     .
3 4 5 3 15
(ii) P(at most one of them will solve the problem)
 P(A  B  C  D)  P(A  B  C  D)  P(A  B  C  D)
 P(A  B  C  D)  P(A  B  C  D)

2 3 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 2 49
                      . ½
3 4 5 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 5 3 90

Q35. A card from a pack of 52 playing cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack three cards are
drawn at random (without replacement) and are found to be all spades. Find the probability of the
lost card being a spade. .

Sol. Let E1 : the lost card is a spade, E1 : the lost card is a non-spade card.
Let E : the three cards drawn are all spades.
13 1 39 3
So, P(E1)   , P( E1 )   ,
52 4 52 4
12 13
C 12  11  10 C 1312 11
Also P(E|E1 )  51 3  , P(E| E1 )  51 3 
C3 51  50  49 C3 51  50  49
P(E|E1 )P(E1 )
By Bayes’ Theorem, P(E1 |E) 
P(E|E1 )P(E1 )  P(E|E1 )P(E1 )
12  11  10 1

 51  50  49 4
12  11  10 1 13 12  11 3
  
51  50  49 4 51  50  49 4
10 10
  .
10  39 49
1. If a young man rides his motor cycle at 25 km per hour, he has to spend Rs 2 per kilometer on petrol; if
he rides at a faster speed of 40 km per hour, the petrol cost increases to 5 per kilometer. He has Rs 100
to spend on petrol and wishes to find the maximum distance he can travel within one hour. Express
this as a linear programming problem and then solve it.

Sol. Suppose that the young man rides x km at The coordinates of corner points O, A, B, C are (0, 0),
25 km per hour and y km at 40 km per hour. Then, 50 40
the given problem can be formulated as (25, 0), , and (0, 20) respectively.
3 3
Maximize Z = x + y.
Subject to the constraints, Corner Points Value of Z = x + y
x 0, y 0, 2x + 5y 100,
O(0, 0) 0
x y
+ 1 8x + 5y 200
25 40 A(25, 0) 25
Now, we convert the system of the inequations into
equations. 50 40
B , 30 (Maximum)
l1 : 2x + 5y = 100 and l2 : 8x + 5y = 200 3 3
50 40
Both the lines intersect at B ,
3 3 C(0, 20) 20
The solution set of the given system is the shaded
50 40
region OABC. So, Z = x + y is maximum =
when x = and y .
3 3
Thus, the student can cover the maximum distance
50 40
of 30 km, if he rides km at 25 km/hr and km
3 3
at 40 km/hr.
The value indicated in this question is that maximum
distance is covered in one hour with less pollution.