`REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Monitoring and Billing System

Monitoring and billing system is very important in terms in record keeping used

in school or business transaction, to secure all information and avoid the record

redundancy or lost data information because the manual process, but using

computerize this problem is removed from the easy, fester, and not time consuming

system for the good result transaction.

According to Carlson (2011), You should utilize registration not merely for

business and business reasons, but will also organizing class or training course,

workshops, professional classes on the web, etc. While using the benefits associated

with keeper registration is anticipated that can assist you get rid of worries of manual

process. For anyone who is still using paper registration forms for the campers, it would

be time hard to take into consideration camping registration forms to further improve

efficiencies, improve organization, and alleviate manual, paper-based processes.

In adaption to the statement of Barredo (2011), registration system are important

for student to allow update the information especially in billing we need update from

student to the system, responsibility pay he/she account and organizational

performance. Monitoring information these important aspects through automation has

made things better and simpler for managers. Rather than manually, the system is easy

to used. With the use of automation systems to the gathered the information and to

update the information of the student. Through this system, the resources information of

the student needed for the tracing, monitoring, and updating information on time.
 In addition to, the statement of Marrero, S. (2009) in his study entitled “Student

registration System is the concept of Information Systems (IS) emerged in the early

1960s. More often, when information system is defined, the field Information Science is

always associated, IS is an academic field that deals with the generation, collection,

organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge. Furthermore,

it is a collection of related components designed to support operations, management,

and decision making in any organization. Generally, Information Systems (IS) is

supposed to inform people. Information System supports people or users in making

intelligent decisions based upon the information derived from reliable data.

Furthermore Desousa, T. (2008), states that Registration application has 3 core

benefits. These are the following: 1) Efficiency. Everyone hates to deal with files of

paper unless they do not have any other alternatives. The benefit of computerize

solution makes services and information available from any time to update information.

2) Security of live data. Normally in more complex systems data is moved about

separate systems and data sources. In computerize systems, these systems and

processes can often be merged by reducing the need to move the data around.4) Cost

Effective. Computerize applications can considerably lower the costs because of

reduced support and maintenance, lower requirements on the end user system and

simplified plans.

Evangelista (2008)said that the registration system allow user access to record

all information of student needed, remaining balance, the semester and year, and

registration all activities include in the hole year. Through the system, students would be

access and secure the information of the student, in the way of good transaction
between user and system to the best result. The use of individual student record would:

1.) increase the admissions capacity to follow a student’s progress over time;2.) Reduce

data collection burden through a computerize registration system 3.) as a tool of

monitoring information of the student.

Lastly Reese, R. (2004) talks about Record management and transaction

processing that would achieve efficiency on processing student information. It would be

a great help to the administrative personnel, academic personnel, grantors or

stakeholders, parents and students in updating, retrieving and generating student data.

Record Keeping System

Open government initiatives in advanced countries are undergoing a transition

from paper to electronic recordkeeping. For example, all ministries of the Netherlands

are required to connected in the cloud by 2015 (Hofman, 2011), and Library and

Archives Canada plans to be fully digital by 2017 (Allard, 2011), the Obama

administration has set a goal for the federal government to go completely paperless by

the end of 2019, by 2019, federal agencies will manage all permanent electronic

records in an electronic format in US (Managing Government Records Directive, 2012).

Digital recordkeeping is the backbone of open government initiatives and should be

integrated into business processes (Presidential Memorandum—Managing Government

Records, 2011). There are increasing expectations of citizens and customers that

organizations should operate in a trustworthy, accountable, transparent, and socially

Responsible manner (ISO/TC46/SC11, 2007). However, according to a 2007 survey in

China, almost 80% of organizations had no measures in place for the storage of records
Of emerging technology in China (Zhang, 2008). According to a 2010 survey by the

National Archives and Records. International trends and future directions of

recordkeeping awareness, recordkeeping processes and regimes, recordkeeping

systems and technologies have been identified as moving towards meta-synthetic

support in the digital world (An, Sun, & Zhang, 2011). However, there are few

discussions on meta-synthetic strategies for digital recordkeeping based on the

integrated use of ISO recordkeeping and management systems for records (MSR)

products in archival and recordkeeping literature (Cabero, Martín-Pozuelo, &Zazo,

2011).

The adoption and adaptation of ISO/TC 46/SC 11 series of standards and

integrated use of ISO MSSs as enablers of a meta-synthetic strategy for digital

recordkeeping lead to innovation in and for society. “MSSs provide tools for a system

and verifiable approach to organization control in an environment that encourages good

business practices” (Bustelo& Ellis, 2011). ISO/TC 46/SC 11 standards provide a

managerial framework, Administration (NARA), 95% of federal agencies were at a high

to moderate risk of compromising the integrity, authenticity, and reliability of records due

to no management regime for digital records, such disturbing results reveal that many

government records are at risk of being lost forever (Ferriero, 2012). The need for

robust digital recordkeeping is becoming more pressing (Australian National Audit

Office, 2012).

Billing System

Payment Transaction is used in establishment, school and office for the workload

system.
 Crook, S. (2009) stated,“billing is an endless cycle and processing of daily and

suspense’s may continue during the billing process or immediately once billing is

complete in preparation for the next month of bills. Larger companies, school, and other

office work may need to stagger billing into a weekly processor for different groups of

customer or student to regulate the billing manager’s workload or level out the cash

flow”.

Monitoring

This document aims to provide schools with guidance on the monitoring of

payment transaction and generate all reports about student for the monitoring purposed.

Ives I. (2012) explained time and Monitoring information equipment that these

are the instruments used with student information and updating information, in most

cases within a school place of work. The information that is captured in this procedure

will be used to track student redundancy or lost of record. This system is important for

the recordkeeping to avoid the redundancy or lost of record. If you own a business, you

should consider monitoring in formation an important part of your workforce

management.

As cited by Mrazek P. M.S.W Ph.D., et al (2004), the collection, organization, and

use of community monitoring data may seem remote from the personal and compelling

details of the person.

In addition Shapiro J. (2001),Monitoringis the systematic collection and analysis

of information as a project progresses. It is aimed at improving the efficiency and

effectiveness of a project or organization. It is based on targets set and activities

planned during the planning phases of work. It helps to keep the work on track, and can
let management know when things are going wrong. If done properly, it is an invaluable

tool for good management, and it provides a useful base for evaluation. It enables you

to determine whether the resources you have available are sufficient and are being well

used, whether the capacity you have is sufficient and appropriate, and whether you are

doing what you planned to do.

Records management

Makhura, P. M.S.W, Ph.D. et al.,(2005) states that the management of both

physical and electronic records plays a big role thus they need to be captured as soon

as they are generated.

Record management, as stated by the ISO: 15489 (2001), is the field of

management responsible for the efficient and systematic control of the creation, receipt,

maintenance, use and disposal of records. This includes the processes of capturing and

maintaining evidence and information relating to business activities and transaction in

the form of record. Records management therefore plays a major role in the care of

record that are created within an institution such as a university.

Ngulube, P. (2000) records management: Record management is the process by

which internally or externally generated physical or electronic records are managed

from their inception, receipt and storage, all the way through to their disposal