PROPOSAL

“Air Pollution by PT. Wilmar Nabati Gresik East Java”

By :
Sanih Gholiyah 17030194031
Imtikhana Nur Khofifah 17030194084

PKU 2017

CHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE
SURABAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
2019
I. Background Problems
The development of the industry is currently experiencing a very rapid
increase. Besides industries having a positive impact on the economy, but most of
them cause various problems to the environment. Not only large and medium
industries have a negative impact on the environment, even small industries. This
happened in the Gresik Industrial Estate (GIE) area. The region is the center of all
industries ranging from the plastics industry, pipe warehousing, steel industry, fish
processing, food minerals, biodiesel and some of which number in the tens of
companies. Common negative impacts that occur are pollution of the air, soil,
water and other pollution. Not all solutions to overcome the impact problem can
be overcome by the company.
The problem that often arises is the level of air pollution that has exceeded
the threshold, especially the excess of dust pollutants, one of which arises from
the increasing number of motor vehicles and industrial waste by one of the food
mineral companies. Air is an important factor in life, but with the increasing
physical development of cities and industrial centers, air quality has changed. The
air that was once fresh is now dry and dirty. This if not immediately addressed,
these changes can endanger human health, animal and plant life.
The heating results from factories are the biggest source of air pollution
caused by human activities. Of the many substances released in this way into the
atmosphere, more than 100 are known to be contaminants. Solid objects that
include more than 20 of them are metal elements. Part of the organic compound is
much larger and includes many aliphatic hydrocarbons as well as phenols, acids
and bases and many other compounds. By the reactions that occur between these
contaminants in the air, including photochemical reactions, the new compounds
will add to the diversity of the polluting compounds.
Air pollution by chemicals originating from industrial activities has
reached a dangerous stage. If this is left continuously and uncontrolled, it will
cause humans to not be able to breathe anymore, because the entire atmosphere is
full of dangerous chemicals. Air pollution by chemicals has become an
international threat, because this has not only happened in countries that have
industries, but the pollution also spreads to other nearby countries (Sumardjo,
2009).
 Industrial factories in Indonesia currently pay less attention to filters on the
factory chimneys, so that the smoke from combustion coming out of the factory
chimneys is not filtered properly. This can endanger the air around the plant,
because harmful substances and metals present in the smoke also pollute the air. If
the factory chimney does not have a good filter, the smoke will emit a lot of dust
and odor. Heavy metals spit out by factory chimneys in the form of particles need
attention. Metallic chemicals are very dangerous for human life, animals and
plants (Sumardjo, 2009).
Industrial plant smoke problems are caused by ineffective chimneys. In
Indonesia, the model and position of factory chimneys has resulted in increasingly
severe air pollution. All this time, the factory chimneys have been built soaring
high into the sky (vertically) with the hope that the flue gas will fly into the sky. In
fact, the exhaust gas will be brought back to earth when it rains, even it becomes
acid rain.
Based on data from the Gresik Environmental Office, the results of
ambient air tests from 13 pollutants other than dust, chemical pollutants are also
high such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) reaching 20.0 ppm, and Hydrocarbons (HC)
0.24 ppm. 80% Carbon Monoxide pollutants are produced from motor vehicles.
The results of ambient air tests at 12 points, showed that most air pollution in
Gresik caused by dust which on average reached 0.26 mg / m3.
PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia, located in Gresik, is a palm oil and biodiesel
company that not only produces oil but also produces raw materials for soap,
medicines and others. PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia in producing using fuel from
coal. Coal also contains elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and additional
elements of sulfur and nitrogen. The form of environmental pollution caused by
PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia is air pollution.
Air pollution caused by PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia in the form of gas
and particles. The emergence of black smoke billowing and jet black dust coming
out of the boiler chimney PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia. With the existence of air
pollution, people feel disturbed, because people feel that the impact of air
pollution by dust can cause lung disease (bronchitis) and other respiratory
diseases. While the impact of air pollutants by chemicals such as Carbon
Monoxide can cause health problems in hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying
metaloproteins containing iron in red blood cells).
 Technology to deal with factory smoke that continues to threaten air
quality is receiving less serious attention in Indonesia. In fact, not a few problems
of factory smoke effluent collided with the problem of using technology. With the
development of industry in Indonesia, the selection and use of appropriate
technology in overcoming the problem of air waste should be implemented
immediately.
Through this written idea that we made, we want to pay more attention to
the health conditions of the community around the industrial area so that they can
carry out their normal daily activities like other communities without any air
pollutant interference that can cause their health to be impaired. Air pollution,
besides having a direct impact on human health, also impacts indirectly on health,
for example on plants and animals. The ideas that I made to follow up on the
problem of air pollution are as follows:
1. Reducing the use of fossil fuels, especially those containing fumes and other
pollutant gases so as not to pollute the environment;
2. Filtering the smoke before the smoke is discharged into the air by installing
absorbent pollutants or filters;
3. Drain the exhaust gas into the water or in the binding agent before being
released into the water. Or by decreasing the temperature before the exhaust
gases into the air;
4. Build a high smoke chimney so that smoke can penetrate the thermal inversion
layer so as not to add pollutants caught on top of a settlement or us;
5. Reducing efficient transportation systems by saving fuel and reducing private
transportation;
6. Increasing green plants in areas of high air pollution, because one of the uses of
plants is as an indicator of early pollution, other than as a barrier to dust and
other particulate matter.

Sumardjo, Damin. 2009. Pengantar Kimia. Jakarta: EGC.