UNDERSTANDING

HUMAN FREEDOM
GROUP 2
1. FOUNDATION OF HUMAN ACTS

HUMAN ACTS
An act that is performed only by a
human being and thus is proper to
man.
1. FOUNDATION OF HUMAN ACTS

DEONTOLOGY
the assessment of human actions are
based upon the absolute standards of
human approach. (depends upon the
action)
 1. FOUNDATION OF HUMAN ACTS

TELEOLOGICAL ETHICS
the judgement taken in consideration of
the consequences of that action.
(depends upon the end result)
1. FOUNDATION OF HUMAN ACTS

FACTORS

▪ INVOLVEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
▪ PRESCSENCE OF VOLUNTARINESS
▪ FREE WILL
2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

DETERMINISM
Determinism states that no human
actions are free, and they all depends on
existing causes.
(opposes free will)
2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM
HARD DETERMINISM
sees free will as an illusion and
believes that every event and action
has a cause.
(natural and inevitable)
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

SOFT DETERMINISM
represents a middle ground, people do have a
choice, but that choice is constrained by
external or internal factors.
(upon your choice)
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

LIBERTARIANISM
Some human actions are free. Libertarianism
is the view that each person has the right to
live his life in any way he chooses so long as
he respects the equal rights of others.
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

INDIVIDUALISM
Libertarian thought emphasizes the
dignity of each individual, which entails
both rights and responsibility. Individuals
make choices responsible for their
actions.
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
they have a right to be secure in their life,
liberty, and property.
2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

SPONTANEOUS ORIGIN
Over human history, we have gradually
selected for more freedom and yet
managed to develop a complex society
with intricate organization.
2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

THE RULE OF LAW

Individuals are free to pursue their own
lives so long as they respect the equal
rights of others. They must follow the
rules.
2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

LIMITED GOVERNMENT
Dividing and limiting power that people
delegate to the government.
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

FREE MARKETS
The right to property entails the right to
exchange property by mutual agreement.
Free markets are the economic system of
free individuals, and they are necessary to
create wealth.
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

THE VIRTUE OF PRODUCTION

Libertarians developed a pre-Marxist class
analysis that divided society into two
basic classes: those who produced wealth
and those who took it by force from
others.
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

NATURAL HARMONY OF INTERESTS

Libertarians believe that each person has
own interest, either upon having
peaceful, harmonious or just society.
2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

PEACE
Libertarians fight for the peace. They
defend their own societies against social
threats.
 2. THREE POSITIONS OF FREEDOM

COMPATIBILISM
States that events arises from people’s
desires and attitudes rather than from the
causal origins of their actions.
3. FREEDOM, RESPONSIBILITY AND JUSTICE

FREEDOM
Stands for something greater than just the
right to act also stands for securing to
everyone an equal opportunity for life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
3. FREEDOM, RESPONSIBILITY AND JUSTICE

TYPES OF FREEDOM
• Freedom of speech and expression
Freedom of every person to worship
god in his own way
• Freedom from want
• Freedom from fear
3. FREEDOM, RESPONSIBILITY AND JUSTICE

RESPONSIBILITY
Responsibility is being held accountable
for your actions.
3. FREEDOM, RESPONSIBILITY AND JUSTICE

JUSTICE
Justice refers to fairness. But while justice
is important to almost everyone, it means
different things to different groups.
3. FREEDOM, RESPONSIBILITY AND JUSTICE

TYPES OF JUSTICE
• Distributive justice
• Restorative or corrective justice
• Retributive justice
• Procedural justice
4. SCHELER’S HIERARCHY OF VALUES

Values of the Holy

Spiritual Values

Vital Values

Pleasure Values
5. FUNDAMENTAL OPTION AND FUNDAMENTAL STANCE

FUNDAMENTAL OPTION
Fundamental option is that decision of
faith we enter into, as to whether we will
commit our lives to God or not.
5. FUNDAMENTAL OPTION AND FUNDAMENTAL STANCE

FUNDAMENTAL STANCE
It is the fundamental decision we make as
to the type of person we want to be.
Thank you for listening.