Spacecraft Launch Date Operator Mission Outcome Remarks Carrier Rocket

OKB-1
1M No.1 10/10/1960 Flyby Launch failure Failed to orbit Molniya
Soviet Union
OKB-1
1M No.2 10/14/1960 Flyby Launch failure Failed to orbit Molniya
Soviet Union

2MV-4 No.1 10/24/1962 Soviet Union Flyby Launch failure Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO Molniya

Mars 1
11/1/1962 Soviet Union Flyby Spacecraft failure Communications lost before flyby Molniya
(2MV-4 No.2)
2MV-3 No.1 11/4/1962 Soviet Union Lander Launch failure Never left LEO Molniya
NASA
Mariner 3 11/5/1964 Flyby Launch failure Payload fairing failed to separate Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
United States
NASA
Mariner 4 11/28/1964 Flyby Successful The first flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965 Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
United States
Zond 2
11/30/1964 Soviet Union Flyby Spacecraft failure Communications lost before flyby Molniya
(3MV-4A No.2)
NASA
Mariner 6 2/25/1969 Flyby Successful Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
United States
2M No.521
3/27/1969 Soviet Union Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit Proton-K/D
(1969A)
NASA
Mariner 7 3/27/1969 Flyby Successful Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
United States
2M No.522
4/2/1969 Soviet Union Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit Proton-K/D
(1969B)
NASA
Mariner 8 5/9/1971 Orbiter Launch failure Failed to orbit Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
United States
Kosmos 419 Never left LEO; booster stage burn timer
5/10/1971 Soviet Union Orbiter Launch failure Proton-K/D
(3MS No.170) set incorrectly
Mars 2 Entered orbit on 27 November 1971,
5/19/1971 Soviet Union Orbiter Successful Proton-K/D
(4M No.171) operated for 362 orbits

Mars 2 lander Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land

5/19/1971 Soviet Union Lander Spacecraft failure Proton-K/D
(SA 4M No.171) during attempt on 27 November 1971
 Mars 3 Entered orbit on 2 December 1971,
5/28/1971 Soviet Union Orbiter Successful Proton-K/D
(4M No.172) operated for 20 orbits
Mars 3 lander The first lander on Mars, landed on 2
5/28/1971 Soviet Union Lander Partial failure December 1971; contact lost 14.5 Proton-K/D
(SA 4M No.172) seconds after transmission start
Prop-M Rover rover
5/28/1971 Soviet Union Rover Spacecraft failure Failed to deploy Proton-K/D
(SA 4M No.172)
NASA The first orbiter of Mars. Entered orbit on
Mariner 9 5/30/1971 Orbiter Successful 14 November 1971, deactivated 516 days Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
United States after entering orbit
Mars 4
7/21/1973 Soviet Union Orbiter Spacecraft failure Failed to perform orbital insertion burn Proton-K/D
(3MS No.52S)
Mars 5 Failed after 9 days in Mars orbit; returned
7/25/1973 Soviet Union Orbiter Partial failure Proton-K/D
(3MS No.53S) 180 frames
Mars 6 Lander
8/5/1973 Soviet Union Spacecraft failure Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostlyProton-K/D
unreadable. Flyby bus collected da
(3MP No.50P) Flyby
Mars 7 Lander Separated from coast stage prematurely,
8/9/1973 Soviet Union Spacecraft failure Proton-K/D
(3MP No.51P) Flyby failed to enter Martian atmosphere
NASA
Viking 1 orbiter 8/20/1975 Orbiter Successful Operated for 1385 orbits Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
United States
NASA The first lander successfully returning
Viking 1 lander 8/20/1975 Lander Successful data, deployed from Viking 1 orbiter, Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
United States operated for 2245 sols
NASA
Viking 2 orbiter 9/9/1975 Orbiter Successful Operated for 700 orbits Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
United States
NASA Deployed from Viking 2 orbiter, operated
Viking 2 lander 9/9/1975 Lander Successful Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
for 1281 sols (11 Apr 1980)
United States
Phobos 1 Orbiter
Communications lost before reaching
7/7/1988 Soviet Union Spacecraft failure Proton-K/D-2
(1F No.101) Phobos lander Mars; failed to enter orbit

Phobos 2 Orbiter
Orbital observations successful,
7/12/1988 Soviet Union Partial failure Proton-K/D-2
(1F No.102) Phobos lander communications lost before landing

NASA Lost communications before orbital

Mars Observer 9/25/1992 Orbiter Spacecraft failure Commercial Titan III
United States insertion
NASA
Mars Global Surveyor 11/7/1996 Orbiter Successful Operated for seven years Delta II 7925
Mars Global Surveyor 11/7/1996 Orbiter Successful Operated for seven years Delta II 7925
United States
Mars 96 Rosaviakosmos Orbiter
11/16/1996 Launch failure Never left LEO Proton-K/D-2
(M1 No.520)(Mars-8) Russia Penetrators
NASA
Mars Pathfinder 12/4/1996 Lander Successful Landed at 19.13°N 33.22°W on 4 July 1997 Delta II 7925
United States
NASA
Sojourner 12/4/1996 Rover Successful The first rover on another planet, operated for 84 days
Delta II 7925
United States
Nozomi ISAS
7/3/1998 Orbiter Spacecraft failure Ran out of fuel before reaching Mars M-V
(PLANET-B) Japan
NASA Approached Mars too closely during orbit
Mars Climate Orbiter 12/11/1998 Orbiter Spacecraft failure insertion attempt due to unit conversion Delta II 7425
United States error and burned up in the atmosphere
NASA
Mars Polar Lander 1/3/1999 Lander Spacecraft failure Failed to land Delta II 7425
United States
NASA
Deep Space 2 1/3/1999 Penetrator Spacecraft failure Deployed from MPL, no data returned Delta II 7425
United States
NASA Expected to remain operational until
Mars Odyssey 4/7/2001 Orbiter Operational Delta II 7925
2025.
United States
ESA Enough fuel to remain operational until
Mars Express 6/2/2003 Orbiter Operational Soyuz-FG/Fregat
2026.
Europe
ESA from Mars Express. Orbital images of
Beagle 2 6/2/2003 Lander Lander failure landing site suggest a successful landing, Soyuz-FG/Fregat
Europe but two solar panels failed to deploy,
Spirit NASA Landed on January 4, 2004.
6/10/2003 Rover Successful Delta II 7925
(MER-A) United States Operated for 2208 sols
Opportunity NASA Landed on January 25, 2004.
7/8/2003 Rover Successful Delta II 7925H
(MER-B) United States Operated for 5351 sols
ESA Flyby in February 2007 en route
Rosetta 3/2/2004 Gravity assist Successful Ariane 5G+
Europe to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
NASA
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter8/12/2005 Orbiter Operational Entered orbit on March 10, 2006 Atlas V 401
United States
NASA Landed on May 25, 2008.
Phoenix 8/4/2007 Lander Successful Delta II 7925
United States End of mission November 2, 2008
 NASA Flyby in February 2009 en route to 4
Dawn 9/27/2007 Gravity assist Successful Delta II 7925H
United States Vesta and Ceres
Roskosmos Orbiter Never left LEO (intended to depart under
Fobos-Grunt 11/8/2011 Spacecraft failure Zenit-2M
Russia Phobos sample own power)
CNSA Failure
Yinghuo-1 11/8/2011 Orbiter Lost with To have been deployed by Fobos-Grunt Zenit-2M
PR China Fobos-Grunt
Curiosity NASA
(Mars Science 11/26/2011 Rover Operational Landed on August 6, 2012 Atlas V 541
United States
Laboratory)
Mars Orbiter Mission ISRO Entered orbit on 24 September 2014.
11/5/2013 Orbiter Operational PSLV-XL
(Mangalyaan) India Mission extended till 2020.
NASA
MAVEN 11/18/2013 Orbiter Operational Orbit insertion on September 22, 2014 Atlas V 401
United States
ESA/Roscosmos
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter 3/14/2016 Orbiter Operational Entered orbit on October 19, 2016 Proton-M/Briz-M
Europe/Russia
Carried by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.
ESA Although the lander crashed, engineering
Schiaparelli EDM lander 3/14/2016 Lander Spacecraft failure data Proton-M/Briz-M
Europe on the first five minutes of entry was
successfully retrieved.
NASA
InSight & MarCO 5/5/2018 Lander & two CubeSats
Operational
flyby Landed on November 26, 2018. Atlas V 401
United States