floaQnj

Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

 uo tuokpu vkanksyu
bl fdrkc dk izdk'ku Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr us
^lj nksjkcth VkVk VªLV* osQ lg;ksx ls fd;k gSA
bl vkanksyu dk edln vke turk esa
iBu&ikBu laLÑfr fodflr djuk gSA

floaQnj Sikandar
IywVkoZQ Plutarch

¯gnh vuqokn Hindi Translation

oanuk 'kekZ Vandana Sharma

iqLrdekyk laiknd Series Editor

rkiks'k pØorhZ Taposh Chakravorty

dkWih laiknd Copy Editor

jk/s';ke eaxksyiqjh Radheshyam Mangolpuri

js[kkadu Illustration
vjfoanj pkoyk Arvinder Chawala

doj ,oa xzkfiQDl Cover & Graphics

txeksgu Jagmohan

izFke laLdj.k First Edition

uoacj] 2007 November, 2007

lg;ksx jkf'k Contribuation

20 #i;s Rs. 20

eqæ.k Printing
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Publication and Distribution

© Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti
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Phone : 011 - 26569943, Fax : 91 - 011 - 26569773
Email : bgvs_delhi@yahoo.co.in, bgvsdelhi@gmail.com
website: www. bgvs.org
BGVS NOVEMBER 2007 2K 0020 NJVA 0084/2007

2
 floaQnj
(356&323 bZlk iwoZ)

,d 11 lky yach vn~Hkqr fot; ;k=kk esa esflMksfu;k dk

ukStoku floaQnj felz ls Hkkjr rd fot; izkIr djrk pyk x;kA
mlosQ ihNs&ihNs xzhd laLFkk,a vkSj xzhd Hkk"kk vkb±] tks izkphu fo'o
dk ekunaM cu xb±A lÙkk osQ u'ks us floaQnj dks vius nksLrksa ls nwj
dj fn;k vkSj mls lq[kn var ulhc ugha gqvkA
esjh ea'kk bfrgkl fy[kus dh ctk; ¯tnxh osQ ckjs esa fy[kus
dh gSA dbZ ckj NksVh&NksVh ?kVuk,a gesa ,d O;fDr osQ ckjs esa ,slh
lPpkbZ crk nsrh gSa tks egku dkjukes Hkh ugha crk ldrs gaSA tSls
rLohj cukus okyk viuk lkjk è;ku 'kjhj dh ctk; psgjs ij osaQfnzr
dj nsrk gS] (D;ksafd Bhd gh dgk tkrk gS fd psgjk O;fDrRo dk
vkbZuk gksrk gS) mlh rjg eq>s Hkh viuk è;ku [kklrkSj ls O;fDr
dh vkRek dh vksj yxkus dh btktr gksuh pkfg,A bl rjg
,sfrgkfld ?kVukØe esa mlosQ ;ksxnku dh ctk; eSa mldh ¯tnxh
osQ ckjs esa ckr djus dh dksf'k'k d:a xkA ,sfrgkfld o`Ùkkar crkus dk
dke eSa nwljksa ij NksM+rk gwaA
ftl fnu floaQnj iSnk gqvk] bisQll esa Mk;kuk osQ eafnj (;g
eafnj izkphu fo'o osQ lkr vtwcksa esa ls ,d gS) esa vkx yx xbZA
iwoZ osQ Hkfo";oDrkvksa us bl 'koqQu dh O;k[;k djrs gq, dgk]
,f'k;k dks u"V djus okyh rkdr iSnk gks xbZ gSA
3
 floaQnj dk jax xksjk Fkk] cky yky Fks vkSj vka[ksa iuhyh uhyh
FkhaA ,d Hkhuh LokHkkfod&lh] ehBh&lh [kq'kcw mlosQ 'kjhj ls vkrh
jgrh Fkh] tks mlosQ diM+ksa dks Hkh egdk nsrh FkhA
floaQnj ¯tnxh ls djrc vkSj xkSjo pkgrk Fkk] u fd vkjke
vkSj laifÙkA 'kksgjr esa mldh tku clrh FkhA tc mlus vius firk
jktk fiQfyi (tks fd esflMksfu;k osQ jktk Fks) dh fot;&xkFkk,a
lquha] rks og (floaQnj) mÙkjkf/dkj esa T;knk laifÙk vkSj rkdr
ikdj [kq'k gksus dh ctk; ;g lkspdj mnkl Fkk fd mlosQ thrus
osQ fy, dkiQh de cpsxkA og vDlj vius nksLrksa osQ lkeus viuk
nq%[k izdV djrk jgrk Fkk fd tc rd og jktk cusxk rc rd
oqQN djus dks cpsxk gh ughaA
floaQnj ,sls jkT; dk jktk cuuk pkgrk Fkk] tks eqlhcr vkSj
yM+kb;ksa ls f?kjk gks] rkfd mls viuk tks'k vkSj {kerk vktekus&fn[kkus
dk ekSdk feys vkSj og bfrgkl ij viuh Nki NksM+sA mls vius
fy, vkjke dh ftUnxh ilan ugha FkhA ;g ukStoku ;ks¼k dykizseh
Fkk vkSj lh[kus dh vnE; bPNk j[krk FkkA mls f'kdkj vkSj ;q¼dyk
cgqr ilan FkhA og bUgsa cgqr izksRlkfgr djrk FkkA mls eqDosQckth
fcYoqQy ilan ugha FkhA
xxxx

cqflisQyl floaQnj dk ?kksM+k Fkk] tks mlosQ T;knkrj dkeksa esa

mlosQ lkFk FkkA oqQN ?kksM+s osQ O;kikjh bl 'kkunkj tkuoj dks jktk
fiQfyi osQ ikl cspus osQ fy, vk, Fks] ijUrq dksbZ vkneh mls dkcw
esa ugha dj ldk rks okil ysdj tkus yxsA floaQnj us O;aX; esa
dgk] ¶'keZ dh ckr gS fd brus 'kkunkj ?kksM+s dks blfy, [kksuk
iM+sxk fd dksbZ mldks Bhd rjhosQ ls lk/uk ugha tkurkA¸ fiQfyi
us igys rks yM+osQ dh ckr ij è;ku ugha fn;k] ysfdu floaQnj vM+k
jgkA vkf[kjdkj fiQfyi us dgk] ^^D;k rqe vius ls cM+s yksxksa dks
;g fn[kkuk pkgrs gks fd rqEgha yk;d gks vkSj rqEgha T;knk tkurs
4
gks\¸ floaQnj us lkgl ls Hkjdj dgk] ^^gka] eSa lokjh dj ldrk
gwaA** bl ij lc gal iMs+A mlus ?kksM+s dh dher dh 'krZ yxkbZ vkSj
mls vktekus dk ekSdk ik fy;kA
floaQnj us le> fy;k fd cqflisQyl viuh gh ijNkbZ ls
Mjrk gSA blfy, mlus ?kksM+s dk eqag lwjt dh rjiQ dj fn;k vkSj
vkjke ls cSBk fn;kA fiQj mlh fn'kk esa FkksM+k&lk pyk;kA tc Hkh
og Mjrk ;k cspSu gksrk] floaQnj mls I;kj ls FkiFkik nsrkA vpkud
floaQnj owQndj mldh ihB ij p<+ x;k vkSj etcwrh ls yxke
[khaph tc rd fd mldk ckxhiuk pyk ugha x;kA fiQj mlus
cqflisQYkl dks iwjh jÝrkj ls Hkkxus fn;k vkSj viuh vkns'kiw.kZ
vkokt esa mldks fu;af=kr djrk jgkA

5
 floaQnj osQ firk vkSj nwljs yksx ?kcjkgV ls Hkjs jgs tc rd fd
mUgkaus s floaQnj dks ?kksMs+ ij mRlkg ls Hkjs okil vkrs u ns[k fy;kA
jktk fiQfyi us vka[kksa esa vkalw Hkjdj dgk] ^^vksg esjs csV]s rqe vius
O;fDrRo osQ vuq:i vkSj vius yk;d jkT; cukvks] esflMksfu;k
rqEgkjs fy, cgqr NksVk gSA**
blosQ ckn fiQfyi us vjLrw dks floaQnj dk f'k{kd cuus osQ
fy, cqyk;kA (vjLrw IysVks osQ f'k"; Fks vkSj vius le; osQ e'kgwj
fopkjd FksA mUgksua s roZQ] jktuhfrd fl¼kar vkSj izkÑfrd foKku ij
cgqr dke fd;k gSA) lk/kj.k f'k{kd floaQnj osQ fy, dkiQh ugha
gksrk] D;ksfa d floaQnj roZQ osQ flok vkSj fdlh pht ls dkcw esa ugha
gks ldrk FkkA gj rjhosQ dh phtksa dks i<+us vkSj lh[kus esa mldh #fp
Fkh] ysfdu gksej dh bfy;M mldh ilanhnk iqLrd FkhA (bfy;M
iqLrd ;ks¼kvksa esa ges'kk ilan dh tkrh FkhA fdLlk ;aw gS% Vªk;W ij
dCts osQ ukSosa lky esa oqQN gÝrs igys tc ,fdfylµ tks floaQnj dh
gh rjg ,d etcwr vkSj cM+k ;ks¼k Fkkµ us viuk cgqr vPNk nksLr
;q¼ esa [kks fn;k] rks mlus nq'eu ls Hk;adj cnyk fy;kA vkt Hkh
iqjkrRo [kkst crkrh gS fd Vªk;W lpeqp esa Fkk vkSj tSlk gksej us crk;k
gS] mruk gh cM+k FkkA) floaQnj tc Hkh vius ;q¼ ij fudyrk ges'kk
vius lkFk vjLrw dh fVIif.k;ksa ls Hkjh iqLrd bfy;M dks lkFk esa
ysdj fudyrkA vjLrw dk mlij cgqr xgjk izHkko Fkk vkSj og dgrk
Fkk fd og vjLrw dks vius firk fiQfyi ftruk I;kj djrk gSA mlosQ
firk us mls thou fn;k vkSj f'k{kd us mls thuk fl[kk;kA
xxxx

tc floaQnj 16 lky dk Fkk] fiQfyi us mls esflMksfu;k dk

'kklu lkaSi fn;k vkSj [kqn fctSf.V;e dks thrus osQ fy, py iM+kA
eS;nh yksxksa us fonzksg dj fn;kA floaQnj us muosQ lcls cM+s 'kgj
ij p<+kbZ djosQ mls gjk fn;k vkSj 'kgj dk uke cnydj vius
uke ij ^vysDlts.Mjksiksfyl* j[k fn;kA
6
 fiQfyi us dksjksfu;k dh yM+kbZ esa floaQnj dks ?kqM+lokj lsuk
dk lsukifr cuk fn;kA floaQnj us FkhCl osQ ifo=k tRFks dks rksM+us
dk dke fd;kA dksjksfu;k dh yM+kbZ esa (338 bZ-iwoZ) jktk fiQfyi
esflMksfu;k dk jktk Fkk] og ,FksUl vkSj mlosQ lg;ksfx;ksa dks
gjkdj xzhl dk jktk cu x;kA bl 'kqjQvkrh cgknqjh us firk dks
floaQnj dk bruk iz'kald cuk fn;k fd mldks ;g lquuk ilan Fkk
fd fiQfyi mudk tujy gS vkSj floaQnj mudk jktk gSA
floaQnj dh eka vksfyefi;kl osQ lkFk fiQfyi dh ¯tnxh cM+h
rwiQkuh FkhA fiQfyi us ,d ckj mldh fuxjkuh dh vkSj mlosQ
fcLrj ij lkai ns[kkA mlosQ ckn os ,d&nwljs osQ fy, vtuch gks
x,A fiQfyi dh ubZ 'kknh us vksfyefi;kl dks Øks/ ls Hkj fn;k
vkSj og vkØked] bZ";kZyq vkSj dHkh ekiQ u djus okyh cu xbZA
efgykvksa esa oqQN leL;k py jgh gS] ;g ckr vkx dh rjg iwjs
jkT; esa iSQy xbZA vksfyefi;kl us floaQnj rd oQks vius firk osQ
f[kykiQ dj fn;kA
muosQ laca/ VwVus dh ukScr rc vkbZ tc fiQfyi us ,Vsyl
dh toku Hkrhth Dyh;ksis=kk ls 'kknh dj yhA 'kknh dh nkor esa
,Vsyl (tks u'ks esa Fkk) tke Vdjkrs gq, esflMksfu;kokfl;ksa dks
Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk djus dks dgk fd mldh Hkrhth jkT; dk
mÙkjkf/dkjh iSnk djsA floaQnj blls bruk fp<+ x;k fd mlus di
,Vsyl dh rjiQ isaQdk vkSj dgk] ¶eSa D;k gwa rc\ ,d uktk;t
vkSykn\¸ fiQfyi us Hkh cgqr ih j[kh FkhA mlus ,Vsyl dk i{k
fy;k vkSj floaQnj osQ ikl ryokj [khapdj vk jgk Fkk fd
fiQlydj iQ'kZ ij fxj x;kA floaQnj vius 'kjkch vkSj iwQgM+ firk
dk etkd mM+krs gq, viuh eka vksfyEkfi;kl osQ lkFk esflMksfu;k
NksM+dj pyk x;kA
ifjokj dk ,d iqjkuk fe=k fiQfyi ls feyus vk;kA fiQfyi us
mlls iwNk] ¶;wukuh yksx vkil esa 'kkafr ls gSa\¸ vkus okys us tokc
7
fn;k] ¶cM+h gSjkuh dh ckr gS fd rqEgsa ;wuku dh 'kkafr dh fpUrk
gS] tcfd rqEgkjk viuk ?kj bruh yM+kb;ksa ls f?kjk gSA¸ fiQfyi
b'kkjk le> x;k vkSj mlus floaQnj dks ?kj cqyk HkstkA tYnh gh
,slk oqQN gqvk fd mu nksuksa osQ chp fiQj ls njkj iM+ xbZA
vc rd fiQfyi dks nwljh iRuh ls ,d iq=k izkIr gks pqdk FkkA
bldk uke vfjgn;kl FkkA og LoLFk cPpk Fkk] ysfdu vksfyefi;kl
us oqQN nok,a ns&nsdj mlosQ efLr"d dks foÑr dj fn;kA dkfj;k
osQ jkT;iky us viuh yM+dh dk vfjgn;kl osQ lkFk fookg dk
lq>ko fn;k rkfd fiQfyi ls fj'rsnkjh gks tk,A vksfyefi;kl us
floaQnj osQ oqQN lykgdkjksa dks lkFk ysdj floaQnj osQ fnekx esa
'kd Hkj fn;k fd bl rjg fiQfyi vfjgn;kl dks mÙkjkf/dkjh cuk
nsxkA floaQnj us ,d vfHkusrk fFklkyl dks jkT;iky osQ ikl ;g
fgnk;r nsdj Hkstk fd vfjgn;kl dh cqjkbZ djosQ mlls dgs fd
viuh yM+dh dh 'kknh floaQnj ls dj nsA
fu%lansg jkT;iky mldh txg floaQnj dks nkekn osQ :i eas
ikus dh ckr lqudj T;knk izlUu gqvkA fiQfyi dks floaQnj osQ
izLrko dk irk yxkA mlus dkiQh tksj nsdj floaQnj dks crk;k fd
og tks lÙkk mÙkjkf/dkj esa gkfly djus tk jgk gS mlosQ fy, ;g
mi;qDr ugha gksxk fd og ,d ,sls 'k[l ls mldh csVh dk gkFk
ekaxs ftldh gSfl;r ,d vlH; jktk osQ xqyke lss T;knk ugha gksA
fiQfyi us fFklkyl dks tathjksa ls ca/ok dj okil Hkstok fn;k vkSj
floaQnj osQ oqQN lkfFk;ksa dks] ftUgksaus mlosQ fnekx esa ,slk fopkj
Mkyk Fkk] ns'k&fudkyk ns fn;kA FkksM+s gh le; ckn fiQfyi dks ekj
Mkyk x;kA gR;kjk ikSlkfu;l Fkk tks fiQfyi ls bl ckr ls ukjkt
Fkk fd ,Vsyl ls pksV [kkus osQ ckn tc og U;k; ekaxus fiQfyi osQ
ikl x;k rks fiQfyi us viuh iRuh osQ izHkko vkSj fl[kkos esa vkdj
U;k; djus ls badkj dj fn;kA vksfyefi;kl us mldk iQk;nk
mBk;k vkSj vius ifr ls cnyk ysus osQ fy, ikSlkfu;l dks gfFk;kj
8
cuk fy;kA tSls gh fiQfyi jkLrss ls gVk] vksfyefi;kl us vius
lcls T;knk uiQjr dh ik=kk toku Dyh;ksis=kk dks ekj fn;kA
rks bl rjg ek=k 20 lky dh mez esa floaQnj esflMksfu;k dk
jktk cu x;kA
iM+kl
s h jkT;ksa us vkSj ;wuku osQ 'kgjksa us tc ,d toku dks jktk
osQ rkSj ij ns[kk rks mUgksua s esflMksfu;u 'kkld osQ f[kykiQ cxkor dj
nhA floaQnj osQ othj us lykg nh fd og ;wukfu;ksa dks v/hu djus
ij è;ku yxkuk NksMd + j mÙkj osQ vlH; ns'kksa dks vius izHkko esa ykus
osQ fy, viuh rkdr yxk,A mlus dgk] ¶;wukfu;ksa osQ lkFk n;k ls
is'k vkvks] blls cxkor dh igyh dksf'k'k detksj gks tk,xhA¸
9
 ysfdu floaQnj us bl lykg dks [kkfjt dj fn;kA mldk
ekuuk Fkk fd vxj 'kq: esa gh 'kklu dh rjiQ ls dksbZ detksjh
utj vk,xh rks gjsd dks geyk djus dh fgEer gksxh] blfy,
cgknqjh esa gh lqj{kk gSA igys floaQnj us nkuqch unh osQ bykdksa ij
p<+kbZ dh vkSj lkjh fojks/h rkdrksa dks (tks vkfnoklh Fkha lcdks)
dCts esa dj fy;kA tc ogka lc oqQN 'kkar gks x;k rks mlus nf{k.k
dh rjiQ jQ[k fd;k vkSj ;wuku dh rjiQ py iM+kA
FkhCl esa Økafr gqbZ FkhA ogka osQ mÙkstd Hkk"k.kdrkZ nwljs lc
;wukfu;ksa dks izsfjr dj jgs Fks fd esflMksfu;u 'kklu osQ f[kykiQ
[kM+s gkasA ,Fkasl osQ yksx yM+kbZ vkSj fonzksg dh ckrksa ls cgqr mÙksftr
gks jgs Fks] [kklrkSj ls MseksLFksful osQ mÙkstd Hkk"k.kksa lsA
nks gÝrs dh ;k=kk osQ ckn floaQnj FkhCl osQ ckgj igqapk vkSj
fonzksfg;ksa osQ nks usrkvksa dks ckgj vkus dk gqDe fn;kA floaQnj us
igys viuh n;kyqrk fn[kkrs gq, dgk fd tks gqDe ekusaxs mudks og
iwjh rjg ekiQ dj nsxkA ysfdu Fkhcuksa us cnrtheh&Hkjk udkjkRed
tokc fn;kA bl ij floaQnj ukjkt gks x;k vkSj mlus 6 gtkj yksxksa
dks ekj Mkyk] 'kgj dks rckg dj fn;k vkSj cps gq, fuokfl;ksa dks
xqykeksa osQ rkSj ij csp fn;kA
bl Hk;adj mnkgj.k us ckdh ;wukfu;ksa dks Hkh fonzksg djus osQ
iSQlys ls fudyss ifj.kke ij lkspus osQ fy, etcwj dj fn;kA gqDe
ugha ekuus ij D;k ifj.kke gksxk] os ;g Hkh lkspus ij etcwj gks x,A
mlosQ rqjar ckn ,Fksalokfl;ksa us [ksn izdV djrs gq, esflMksfu;k osQ
lkFk vius lg;ksx dks nksgjk;kA floaQnj dh ,Fksalokfl;ksa osQ izfr
ubZ n;kyqrk mldh FkhCl osQ lkFk igys dh Øwjrk dk iNrkok Fkh
;k [kwu osQ fy, mldk eksg oqQN de gks pyk Fkk] ;g vHkh r;
ugha gSA gkykafd mlosQ ckn floaQnj dks tks Hkh FkhCloklh feyk]
mlus mlosQ lkFk n;kyqrk fn[kkbZA
blosQ iQkSju ckn ;wukfu;ksa osQ izfrfuf/ dksfjUFk 'kgj esa bdêòk
10
gq, vkSj floaQnj dks bZjku osQ f[kykiQ yM+kbZ dh vxqokbZ djus osQ
fy, viuk usrk pqukA bZjku osQ f[kykiQ ,d loZ;wukuh yM+kbZ yM+us
dk liuk oqQN le; ls FkkA floaQnj tc dksfjUFk esa Fkk] reke
nk'kZfud vkSj jktuhfrK mlls feydj eqckjdckn nsus osQ fy,
vk,A ysfdu e'kgwj nk'kZfud fM;kssftful] tks dksfjUFk esa jgrk Fkk]
mlls feyus ugha vk;kA
blfy, floaQnj fM;ksftful ls feyus mlosQ ?kj x;k vkSj mls
/wi Luku djrs gq, tehu ij ysVs ns[kkA fM;ksftful us vius&vkidks
tjk&lk mQij mBk;k] tc mlus HkhM+ dk 'kksj lqukA floaQnj us cM+h
fouezrk ls nk'kZfud ls iwNk] ¶D;k jktk vkiosQ fy, oqQN dj
ldrk gS\¸
fM;ksftful us fliZQ bruk dgk] ¶gka] Ñi;k viuh ijNkbZ ls
/wi er jksdksA¸ ykSVrh ckj floaQnj osQ lkFkh ml lkèkkj.k fnekx osQ
vkneh dk etkd cukus yxs rks floaQnj us muls dgk] ¶vxj galuk
t:jh gS rks t:j galksA ysfdu tku yks] vxj eSa floaQnj u gksrk
rks eSa fM;ksftful cuuk ilan djrkA¸
xxxx
11
 djhc 30&40 gtkj dh iSny iQkSt vkSj 3&4 gtkj ?kqM+lokjksa
osQ lkFk floaQnj us ,f'k;k ekbuj (334 bZ-iw-) esa izos'k fd;kA
mlosQ ikl fliZQ 70 eqnzk,a cph Fkha mudh ru[okg osQ fy,] vkSj
eqf'dy ls 30 fnu dk jk'ku FkkA floaQnj 200 eqnzkvksa dk dtZnkj
gks x;k FkkA og viuk lc oqQN vius lSfudksa vkSj muosQ ifjokjksa
osQ j[kj[kko ij [kpZ dj pqdk FkkA tc mlosQ tujy us mlls iwNk
fd mlus vius fy, D;k j[kk gS rks floaQnj us dgk] ¶esjh
mEehnA¸ bl tujy us ;g lqudj viuh isa'ku ysus ls badkj dj
fn;k vkSj floaQnj ls dgk] ¶vkidk flikgh vkidh mEehn esa
vkidk Hkkxhnkj gSA¸
,slh bPNk'kfDr vkSj n`<+fu'p; ysdj floaQnj us gsysLikasM unh
dks ikj dj ,f'k;k esa izos'k fd;k vkSj VªkW; esa vk;kA
VªkW; esa ,fdfyl dk edcjk Fkk] tks fd mldh eka osQ i{k ls
mldk iwoZt FkkA floaQnj us fjokt osQ eqrkfcd mlosQ edcjs osQ
iRFkj ij rsy yxk;k vkSj fiQj vius lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk uaxk gksdj
mldh ifjØek dhA floaQnj us dgk] ¶,fdfyl lkSHkkX;'kkyh Fkk
fd mls vPNk nksLr feyk FkkA tc rd thfor Fkk vPNk nksLr jgk
vkSj mlosQ ckn vPNk dfo cudj mldh ;kn dks thfor j[kkA¸
blh nkSjku bZjkfu;ksa us xzsfudl unh osQ nwljh rjiQ floaQnj dks
jksdus osQ fy, iM+ko Mky fn;kA bZjkuh lsuk esa 20 gtkj flikgh
vkSj 20 gtkj ?kqM+lokj FksA mudh fLFkfr vPNh&[kklh etcwr FkhA
unh xgjh Fkh vkSj fdukjs maQps FksA geyk djuk vlaHko nh[k jgk
FkkA ysfdu floaQnj ,dne 13 oqQ'ky ?kqM+lokjksa dks ysdj rhjkas dh
ckSNkj esa py iM+kA vkos'k vkSj n`<+rk osQ lkFk os nynyh fdukjksa
dks ikj djus esa liQy gks x, vkSj 'k=kq osQ dkiQh ikl igqap x,A
floaQnj viuh lisQn dyaxh vkSj pedrs ftjgc[rj ls
vklkuh ls igpkuk tkrkA lcls cgknqj bZjkuh mlosQ vklikl >qaM
cuk ysrs vkSj ogka yM+kbZ vkSj Hkh ?kkrd gks tkrhA ,d bZjkuh ljnkj
12
us vius oqQBkj osQ geys ls floaQnj dks HkkSapDdk dj fn;kA ysfdu
fDyVl us vpkud nq'eu ij Hkkyk iasQddj mlosQ okj dks jksd
fy;k vkSj floaQnj dh tku cp xbZA
esflMksfu;k dk tRFkk rcrd unh ikj djosQ nwljh rjiQ te
x;k FkkA bZjkuh muosQ /DosQ osQ lkeus [kM+s ugha gks losQ vkSj tYnh
gh iwjh bZjkuh iQkSt tku cpkdj Hkkx [kM+h gqbZA bZjkuh iQkSt dks 20
gtkj iSny vkSj <kbZ gtkj ?kqM+lokjksa dk uqdlku mBkuk iM+k]
tcfd floaQnj us oqQy 34 vkneh [kks,A
bl igyh fot; us lc oqQN cny fn;kA rVorhZ bykdksa osQ
lkjs 'kgjksa us floaQnj dks leiZ.k dj fn;k] fliZQ gsyhdkjukll vkSj
fefyVl dks NksM+djA bUgsa floaQnj dks rkdr ls ysuk iM+kA
vc floaQnj osQ lkeus ,d eqf'dy fu.kZ; Fkkµ ;k rks viuh
rkdr dks bdêòk djs rkfd ckn osQ dkeksa osQ fy, ,d etcwr
vk/kj rS;kj gks ;k fiQj bZjkuh jktk Msfj;l] tks vius lkezkT; osQ
13
osQUnz esa cSBk Fkk] ij ,dk,d geyk dj nsA lkjh rkdr dks bdêòk
djuk floaQnj dk pquko FkkA blfy, og rVorhZ bykosQ dh vksj
py iM+k ykbfl;k ij dCtk djus osQ fy,] vkSj fiQj mÙkj dh
rjiQ fiQfjfx;k dh rjiQ eqM+kA
ogka xksjfM;e 'kgj esa mlus e'kgwj xksjfM;u xkaB dks [kksyus
dh pqukSrh dks Lohdkj fd;kA ;g ,d cgqr tfVy xkaB izkphu jFk
osQ tqVs esa cka/h gqbZ FkhA ;g dgk tkrk Fkk fd tks Hkh ml xkaB dks
[kksy nsxk og fo'o dk lezkV cu tk,xkA floaQnj us ctk; mlosQ
fd og mls [kksyus esa yxrk] viuh ryokj [khaph vkSj ml
xksjfM;u xkaB dks lhèks dkV MkykA
bZjku dk jktk Msfj;l lwlk 'kgj ls viuh 6 yk[k dh iQkSt
osQ lkFk vk jgk FkkA floaQnj flfyfl;k esa #dk ftls Msfj;l vkSj
mlosQ lykgdkjksa us floaQnj dk cM+h bZjkuh iQkSt ns[kdj Mj tkuk
le>kA vlyh otg Fkh floaQnj dh xaHkhj chekjh] ftldh otg ls
mls nsj gqbZA
floaQnj osQ lkjs rhekjnkj dksbZ Hkh nok vktekus ls Mj jgs Fks]
D;ksafd vxj mudk uqL[kk isQy gks tkrk vkSj floaQnj ej tkrk rks
esflMksfu;k osQ yksx fpfdRld dks gh ftEesnkj BgjkrsA ysfdu ogka
,d Fkk ^,dkjfu;k dk fiQfyi* ftlus fgEer dh vkSj viuh
¯tnxh nkao ij yxkdj floaQnj dh tku cpkbZA floaQnj dks
ikjesfu;ks ls ,d i=k feyk] ftlesa mls fpfdRld ls lko/ku fd;k
x;k Fkk vkSj dgk x;k Fkk fd Msfj;l us fpfdRld dks fj'or nsdj
mls nok esa tgj feykdj nsus osQ fy, Hkstk gSA floaQnj us i=k
i<+dj rfd;s osQ uhps j[k fn;k vkSj fdlh dks ugha fn[kk;kA tc
fiQfyi nok dh [kqjkd ysdj vk;k rks floaQnj us i=k mldks ns
fn;kA ftruh nsj esa fiQfyi us mls i<+k mrus le; esa floaQnj us
eqLdjkrs gq, nok ih yhA tYnh gh og Bhd gks x;kA
bZjkfu;ksa us [kqys vkSj pkSM+s eSnku esa iM+ko MkykA tgka os
14
?kqM+lokjh dh viuh fLFkfr dk iQk;nk ys ldrs FksA ysfdu gÝrs
chrrs x, vkSj floaQnj dk dgha vkus dk fpÉ u Fkk (floaQnj ml
le; viuh chekjh ls mcj jgk Fkk)A Msfj;l osQ iz'kaldksa us mls
le>k fn;k fd ;wukuh yM+us ls Mj jgs gSa] blfy, Msfj;l dks
viuh lsuk dks bLll unh ij mudk jkLrk jksdus osQ fy, yxk nsuk
pkfg,A Msfj;l us Bhd mlh le; bLll dh vksj pyuk 'kq:
fd;k] tc floaQnj ml ij geyk djus osQ fy, Lkhfj;k dh rjiQ
py iM+kA nksuksa lsukvksa us ,d&nwljs dks ikj fd;kA tc floaQnj us
lquk fd bZjkuh bLll ij mlosQ ihNs gSa rks og vpkud eqM+k vkSj
geys osQ fy, rS;kj gks x;kA
Msfj;l Hkh bLll ls fudyus dh tYnh esa FkkA tc mlus
iFkjhyk bykdk ns[kk rc mls yxk fd ogka mlosQ ?kqM+lokj csdkj
gks tk,axs vkSj mldh lsuk caV tk,xh] ;wukuh bldk iQk;nk mBk
ldrs gaSA blls igys fd Msfj;l vius gh cuk, tky ls cp ikrk]
floaQnj igqap x;kA floaQnj [kqn nk;sa fgLls dh deku dks laHkky
jgk Fkk ftlus bZjkfu;ksa dks ck;ha vksj nck fn;kA Msfj;l ?kcjk x;kA
og vius jFk dks NksM+dj Hkkx [kM+k gqvkA viuk jFk] viuk /uq"k]
viuk <ky] viuk ycknk vkSj viuh iQkSt vkSj 1 yk[k 10 gtkj
?kk;yµ lcdks NksM+dj og Hkkx [kM+k gks x;kA (bfrgkldkj ,fj;u
us crk;k gS fd bZjkuh vPNk yM+ jgs Fks] tc rd fd Msfj;l Hkkx
ugha x;kA mlosQ Hkkxrs gh lSfud ?kcjk x,A os Hkh ,d&nwljs dks
/DoQk ekjrs gq, igkM+ksa osQ ladjs jkLrs ls Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k djus
yxsA floaQnj dk uqdlku cgqr de Fkk] fliQZ 450 lSfud ekjs x,
vkSj 4500 ?kk;y gq,] ftuesa [kqn floaQnj Hkh FkkA mls tka?k esa
ryokj ls pksV yxh FkhA ,fj;u floaQnj dh thouh fy[kus okyk
lcls Hkjkslsean iqjkuk ys[kd gS vkSj mlus IywVkoZQ ls ,dne ckn
esa fy[kk gSA mldk crk;k gqvk okLrfod bfrgkl gS vkSj blhfy,
og IywVkoZQ osQ bfrgkl ls T;knk eqdEey gSA)
;q¼cafn;ksa esa Msfj;l dh eka] iRuh vkSj csfV;ka Hkh FkhaA floaQnj
15
us bu efgykvksa dks vk'oLr fd;k fd mUgsa mlls ;k mlosQ vknfe;ksa
ls Mjus dh t:jr ugha gSA mlus Msfj;l ls lkezkT; osQ fy, yM+kbZ
dh gS] u fd fdlh O;fDrxr otg lsA mlus mUgsa Hkjkslk fnyk;k fd
mudh gSfl;r osQ fglkc ls gh muosQ lkFk O;ogkj fd;k tk,xk vkSj
mUgsa og lc izkIr gksxk tks Msfj;l osQ ;gka mUgsa feyrk FkkA floaQnj
efgykvksa osQ fy, ges'kk cgqr ifo=k vkSj n;kyq O;ogkj j[krk FkkA
og 'kknh dh laLFkk dh cgqr bTtr djrk FkkA og dgk djrk Fkk fd
nks phtsµa uhan vkSj iztuu dh izfØ;k] mls ges'kk ;kn fnykrh Fkha fd
og balku gS] Hkxoku ugha_ tSls og ;g dguk pkgrk gks fd Fkdku
vkSj okluk nksuksa ekuoh; izÑfr dh mlh detksjh vkSj ukle>h ls
iSnk gksrh gSAa
floaQnj dk viuh Hkw[k ij iwjk fu;a=k.k FkkA u rks og phtsa
pqu&pqudj [kkus okyk Fkk vkSj u gh lc oqQN [kk ysus okyk isVw FkkA
tc mlls oqQN jlksb;ksa dh ikd oqQ'kyrk osQ ckjs esa dgk x;k rks
mlus ;g dgk fd Hkw[k c<+kus osQ fy, lcls vPNh pht gS uk'rs ls
igys iSny pyuk vkSj larfq yr uk'rk rkfd jkr dk [kkuk Bhd ls
[kk;k tk losQA vke rkSj ij izpfyr gS fd floaQnj dks 'kjkc dh
vknr FkhA 'kk;n ;g /kj.kk bl otg ls cuh fd mls 'kjkc ihrs gq,
nsj jkr rd ckrsa djuk cgqr ilan FkkA
mlosQ ikl tc Hkh [kkyh le; gksrk og mls i<+u&s fy[kus ;k
f'kdkj ij tkus esa yxkrkA tc rd [kwc va/js k ugha gks tkrk] og jkr
dks [kkus osQ fy, ugha tkrkA fiQj nsj rd [kkuk [kkrk] D;ksfa d mls ckr
djuk [kwc ilan FkkA vkerkSj ij mldh ckrphr etsnkj vkSj
cqf¼eÙkkiw.kZ gksrh Fkh] ijUrq dHkh&dHkh mls Mhax ekjrs gq, le;
fcrkuk ilan FkkA blls mlosQ vklikl osQ pkiywlksa dks ekSdk feyrk
Fkk vkSj mlosQ nksLrksa esa vfiz; fLFkfr iSnk gks tkrh Fkh] tc mUgsa 'keZ
vkSj Mjµ nksuksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks pquuk iM+rk FkkA os pkiywlh
djuk frjLdkjiw.kZ le>rs] ysfdu ugha djrs rks mls ukjkt djrsA
XXXX
16
 bLll dh yM+kbZ osQ ckn (333 bZ-iw-) floaQnj us oqQN yksxksa
dks MekLdl Hkstk] bZjkuh iQkSt osQ NksM+s gq, lkeku vkSj iSlkas dks
ysus osQ fy,A vc ;wukuh iQkSt dk gjssd flikgh vehj cu x;kA
lkFk esa lqanj efgyk,a xqykeksa osQ rkSj ij fey xb±A fldaanj us bl
lcdh btktr ns nh] D;ksafd og pkgrk Fkk fd mlosQ iQkSth bl
ccZj ,s'k dk etk ysa vkSj nqxuh rkdr vkSj mRlkg ls vkSj jkT;ksa
dks thrus fudy iM+saA floaQnj bls ,sls ns[krk tSls [kksth oqQÙks dks
cw lwa?kk nsrs gSa rkfd og mls <wa<+ fudkysA
floaQnj VkW;j 'kgj osQ rVorhZ bykosQ dh vksj py iM+kA mlus
leiZ.k djus ls euk dj fn;k FkkA tc rd mldh lsuk VkW;j 'kgj
dk ?ksjko djosQ cSBh Fkh (332 bZ-iw-) floaQnj vjfc;k pyk x;kA
,d fnu floaQnj vius iqjkus vè;kid ykblhekdl (ftldh
rqyuk og iQhfuDl ls djrk Fkk tks fd ,fdfyl dk laj{kd Fkk)
dh otg ls viuh ckdh iQkSt ls ihNs NwV x;kA jkr dks floaQnj
cM+h [krjukd fLFkfr esa iQal x;kA og viuh iQkSt ls cgqr nwj Fkk
vkSj lnhZ ls yM+us osQ fy, dksbZ vkx Hkh ugha FkhA mlus ns[kk fd
oqQN nq'eu vkx dk vyko yxkdj cSBs gSaA og Hkkxdj muosQ ikl
x;k vkSj vius pkowQ ls nks lSfudksa dks ekj fxjk;k] fiQj ,d tyrh
gqbZ ydM+h ysdj vius vkneh osQ ikl vk;kA ;g fliZQ floaQnj gh
dj ldrk FkkA og ges'kk vius yksxksa dks [kqn dk mnkgj.k nsdj
mRlkfgr djrk Fkk fd [krjs dk lkeuk djks vkSj gj dke osQ fy,
rS;kj jgksA
lkrosa eghus esa tc VkW;j 'kgj vkf[kjdkj dCts esa dj fy;k
x;k] Msfj;l us floaQnj dks fy[kk vkSj vius ;q¼cafn;ksa dks NqM+kus
osQ fy, jde nsus dh is'kd'k j[khA Msfj;l us floaQnj dks viuh
yM+dh nsus dh Hkh is'kd'k dh fd og mls viuh iRuh cuk ysA
floaQnj us vius nksLr dks bl is'kd'k osQ ckjs esa crk;k vkSj lykg
ekaxhA ikjesfu;ks us dgk] ¶vxj eSa rqe gksrk rks eSa [kq'kh ls eku tkrkA¸
17
 floaQnj us tokc fn;k] ¶gka] eSa Hkh eku tkrk vxj eSa
ikjesfu;ks gksrkA ysfdu eSa floaQnj gwa] blfy, eSa Msfj;l dks fHkUu
tokc HkstwaxkA¸ vkSj mlus Msfj;l dks ;g tokc Hkstk] ¶iwjk ,f'k;k
esjk gS vius iwjs [ktkus osQ lkFkA ;g iSlk tks rqe eq>s nsus dks dg
jgs gks og Hkh esjk gSA jgh ckr rqEgkjh yM+dh dh] rks vxj eSa mlls
'kknh djuk pkgwaxk rks rqe pkgks ;k u pkgks eSa dj ywaxkA gka] vxj
rqEgsa eq>ls oqQN pkfg, rks [kqn vkvks vkSj eq>ls ekax yksA ojuk rqe
tgka Hkh tkvksxs eSa ogha vkmaQxkA¸
XXXX

VkW;j vkSj xktk ij dCts osQ ckn floaQnj feÏ pyk x;kA mls
vius uke dk 'kgj ,ysDtsafMª;k cukus osQ fy, uhy unh osQ eqgkus
ij gh txg fey xbZ (331 bZ-iw-)] fcYoqQy oSlh gh txg tSlh
mlosQ lius esa FkhA mlosQ Hkfo";oDrkvksa dk dguk Fkk fd
,ysDtsafMª;k ,d cgqr cM+k 'kgj cusxk tks vusd vtufc;ksa dks
jksth&jksVh nsxkA vkSj vkxs ;gh gqvkA
floaQnj us Hkxoku vEeksu osQ eafnj tkus osQ fy, r; fd;k
ftlosQ fy, mls jsfxLrku ls ;k=kk djuh FkhA (vEeksu ,d uqdhyk]
eqM+s gq, lhaxksa okyk tqfiVj dh feÏh 'kSyh esa cuk gqvk cdjk FkkA
vksfyefi;kl dh tklwlh osQ ckn vkSj mlosQ fcLrj esa lkai ns[kus
osQ ckn jktk fiQfyi us MsyiQh esa viksyks osQ Hkfo";oDrk ls bl
vthc n`'; dk vFkZ iwNk FkkA Hkfo";ok.kh djus okys us crk;k&
lkai vEeksu dk gh ,d :i Fkk] ;wukuh Hkxoku vyx&vyx :i
cnyus esa l{ke ekus tkrs gSaA vksfyefi;kl us floaQnj dks ;g jgL;
crk;k fd vEeksu gh rqEgkjs firk gaS] u fd jktk fiQfyiA)
iwjs jkLrs esa u osQoy ikuh dh deh Fkh] cfYd ogka igys iwjh
dh iwjh iQkSt dks va/M+ niQu dj pqdk FkkA ;s lc ijs'kkfu;ka vkSj
[krjs floaQnj osQ fy, dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krs FksA og vxj oqQN
djus dk r; dj ysrk Fkk rks fiQj mls djosQ dh ne ysrk FkkA
floaQnj osQ lkSHkkX; us mls vius fu.kZ; eas fVosQ jguk fl[kk;k vkSj
18
mlosQ LokHkkfod lkgl us mls eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk Hkh galrs&galrs
eqdkcyk djuk fl[kk;kA tSls lsukvksa dks thruk gh dkiQh u gks]
tSls izÑfr Hkh mlosQ fy, mi;qDr izfr}a}h gks ldrh gksA
floaQnj dk lkSHkkX; mldk lkFk nsrk jgkA Hkkjh o"kkZ us ikuh dh
deh iwjh dj nh vkSj feêðh mM+us dh leL;k Hkh ugha jghA tc
esflMksfu;koklh jkLrk Hkwy x, rks dkys dkSos mUgsa jkLrk crkus vk
x,A ;s lHkh vkxs&vkxs jkLrk crkrs mM+rs jgs vkSj jkr eas va/sjk
gksus ij mudh vkokt ls jkLrs dk irk yxrk jgkA vEeksu osQ eafnj
esa floaQnj us Hkfo";ok.kh djus okys ls iwNk] ¶D;k eq>s fo'o dk
fotsrk cukus dh btktr Hkxoku nsaxs\¸ Hkfo";oDrk us dgk] ¶gkaA¸
felz ls ykSVrs gq, floaQnj us iQjkr ls nf{k.k dh vksj osQ lHkh ns'kksa
dk vkReleiZ.k Lohdkj fd;kA fiQj og Msfj;l osQ ihNs iM+k]
ftlus rc rd nwljh iQkSt bdêòh dj yh FkhA bl ckj mldh iQkSt
esa nl yk[k yksx FksA
nksuksa iQkStsa xksxk esyk (tks vjcsyk osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk
gSA) esa vDVwcj 331 bZ-iw- esa ,d&nwljs osQ vkeus&lkeus gks xb±A
ml fo'kky bZjkuh f'kfoj dh vyko dh vkx vkSj 'kksj ,slk Mjkus
okyk Fkk fd floaQnj osQ oqQN tRFksnkjksa us lykg nh fd geyk fnu
dh jks'kuh dh ctk; jkr dks djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd bruh cM+h iQkSt
dk fnu esa eqdkcyk djuk [krjukd gksxkA floaQnj us tokc fn;k]
¶eSa fot; dks pqjkuk ugha pkgrkA¸ oqQN yksxksa dks ;g ?ke.M ls Hkjk
vkSj vifjiDo tokc yxk] ysfdu ;g cqf¼ekuh&iw.kZ fu.kZ; FkkA
vxj Msfj;l ;g yM+kbZ vius gh pqus gq, eSnku esa fnu&ngkM+s gkj
tkrk rks fiQj og nksckjk vius VwVs fny ls nksckjk mBus dh fgEer
ugha dj ldrk FkkA
blfy, floaQnj vkSj mlosQ yksxksa us vxyh lqcg gksus dk
bartkj fd;kA (bfrgkldkj ,fj;u us crk;k gS fd Msfj;l us viuh
iQkSt dks eqLrSnh ls iwjh jkr [kM+k j[kkA blls vxys fnu lqcg
19
mldh iwjh iQkSt cqjh rjg Fkd xbZA Msfj;l us ,slk blfy, fd;k
fd og jkr dks geys dh vk'kadk dj jgk FkkA floaQnj vPNh yEch
uhan ysdj pqLrh vkSj [kq'kfetkth ls mBkA)
floaQnj yM+kbZ ls igys b/j&m/j ?kqM+lokjh dj jgk FkkA og
cqflisQyl osQ vykok Hkh nwljs ?kksM+s bLrseky djrk jgkA tc yM+kbZ
ij tkus dk le; gqvk mlus cqflisQYkl dks rS;kj fd;k vkSj geys
dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA ml fnu floaQnj us fFklkfy;uksa vkSj ;wukfu;ksa
dks yEck Hkk"k.k fn;k] ftldk turk us tksj&tksj ls mRlkgo/Zd ukjs
yxkdj Lokxr fd;kA floaQnj us viuk Hkkyk vius nk,a gkFk esa
ysdj lh/s gkFk mQij mBkdj nsoh ls fot; dh izkFkZuk dhA Bhd
mlh {k.k ,d phy maQph mM+rh gqbZ mlosQ mQij vkbZ vkSj 'k=kq dh
rjiQ mM+ xbZA bl 'kqHk 'kxqu ls gj lSfud osQ fny esa tks'k vkSj
mRlkg Hkj x;kA ?kqMl + okj iwjh xfr ls nkSMAs+ buosQ ihNs esflMksfu;k
dk tRFkk FkkA bZjkfu;ksa us mudk bartkj ugha fd;k vkSj ihNs gV x,A
floaQnj us mudk chp esa >q.M cuok, j[kk tgka Msfj;l vius vPNs
;ks¼kvksa osQ lkFk [kM+k FkkA bu HkxksM+s yksxksa us ,slh HkhM+ dj nh fd
tks yM+us dks rS;kj Fks os Hkh yM+ ugha ik,A Msfj;l osQ pkjkas vksj ejs
gq, lSfudksa osQ brus maQps <sj yx x, fd mUgksua s Msfj;l osQ jFk osQ
?kksMk+ as dks Hkh <ad fy;kA Msfj;l ,d ckj fiQj viuh lsuk dks NksMd + j
Hkkx x;kA (Msfj;l vkSj floaQnj dh lsuk dk vuqikr 20 vkSj 1 dk
FkkA bruh cM+h lsuk ysdj Hkh og gkj x;kA)
ikjesfu;ks us ftuosQ ikl ck,a cktw dh deku Fkh] floaQnj dks
,d vfr&egRoiw.kZ lans'k Hkstk fd vxj oqQeqd vkxs ls ihNs ugha
Hksth xbZ rks ;wukuh oSQEi vkSj lkjk lkeku bZjkfu;ksa osQ ikl pyk
tk,xkA floaQnj us ikjesfu;ks dks tokc fn;k] ¶;g u Hkwyks fd vxj
thr x, rks u osQoy viuk lkeku] cfYd nq'euksa dk lkeku Hkh
gekjk gksxkA vxj gkj x, rc Hkh lkeku dh fpark u djks] D;ksafd
cgknqj vkneh dh ekSr gh edln gksuk pkfg,A¸
20
 floaQnj fcuk fojks/ osQ cschyksu rd dCtk djrk x;k] ftlus
,dne vkReleiZ.k dj fn;kA rc og lwlk x;k] tgka mls cM+s iSekus
ij lksuk vkSj nwljs [ktkus feysA og bZjku osQ vanj igqp a x;k vkSj
mldh jkt/kuh ijlhiksfyl esa viuh lsuk osQ lkFk lfnZ;ka fcrkb±A
(tuojh&ebZ 330 bZ-iw-) ml nkSjku Msfj;l viuh 'kkunkj iQkSt osQ
cps gq, NksVs ls VqdM+s osQ lkFk mÙkj dh rjiQ cpoQj fudy x;kA
Msfj;l dks <wa<us ls igys floaQnj us vius viQljksa dh nkor
dhA ;gka rd fd mlus mUgsa viuh vkSjrksa dks ykus dh btktr Hkh
ns nhA muesa ls ,d ,Fksal dh os';k Fkh ftldk uke FkkbZl FkkA 'kjkc
dk nkSj oqQN le; pyus osQ ckn FkkbZl us ?kks"k.kk dh fd og izkphu
jktk tsjlsDl osQ egy dks tykuk ilan djsxh ftlus ,Fksal dks tyk
fn;k FkkA fiQj mlus dgk] ¶;g dgk tk,xk fd ftu efgykvksa us
floaQnj dk vuqdj.k fd;k gS og iqjkus ;wukuh tujykas ls Hkh
c<+dj cgknqj Fkha] tks igys ;g dksf'k'k dj pqosQ FksA¸ bl rjhosQ
osQ pkiywlh Hkjs vkSj etsnkj izLrko dk fi;DdM+ksa dh rjiQ ls Hkkjh
Lokxr fd;k x;k] ftuesa floaQnj Hkh FkkA mlus gkFk esa e'kky ysdj
jkLrk fn[kk;k] nwljkas us ukprs gq, vuqdj.k fd;kA tc ckdh
esflMksfu;kokfl;ksa us 'kksj lquk vkSj otg irk yxh rks os Hkh 'kkfey
gks x,A os mEehn dj jgs Fks fd bZjku osQ jktk osQ egy dks tyk
nsus ls ;g iDdk gks tk,xk fd floaQnj okil esflMksfu;k tk,xk]
u fd ogha ccZj yksxksa osQ chp esa gh cl tk,xkA gkykafd vkx osQ
tyrs gh FkksM+h nsj ckn floaQnj us mls cq>k nsus dk gqDe ns fn;kA
Msfj;l ls floaQnj us tks Hkh thrk mlesa lcls mRÑ"V vkSj
dherh ,d fMCck FkkA mlus vius nksLrksa ls iwNk fd blesa D;k
j[kuk pkfg,\ vyx&vyx lq>ko vk, fd ;g dherh pht gS]
blesa ;g j[kksA cgqr lkjh dherh phtksa dh ckr vkbZA vkf[kj esa
floaQnj us r; fd;k fd muesa ls fdlh oLrq dks mlesa j[ks tkus dk
lkSHkkX; ugha feysxk] cfYd ;g lkSHkkX; mldh fVIif.k;ksa osQ lkFk
mldh fiz; iqLrd ^bfy;M* dks feysxkA
21
 ftu migkjksa dks mlus ;wuku Hkstk muesa cM+h ek=kk esa ykscku
vkSj xUèkjl Hkh Fkk] tks mlus vius xq# fy;ksfunl dks HkstsA bu
migkjksa dks Hkstus dk [kkl eryc FkkA tc ,d ckj floaQnj dkiQh
NksVk Fkk fy;ksfunl us mls bl lkexzh dks viuh iwtk esa bruk T;knk
bLrseky djus ls euk fd;k vkSj dgk] ¶tc rqe mu ns'kksa dks thr
yks] tgka ;s ik, tkrs gSa] rc T;knk [kpZ dj ysuk_ ysfdu vHkh
gekjs ikl de gS] blfy, cstk bLrseky er djksA¸ floaQnj us ;g
lkSxkr bl uksV osQ lkFk mudks Hksth] ¶ge vkidks dkiQh ek=kk esa
ykscku vkSj xU/jl Hkst jgs gSa rkfd Hkfo"; esa Hkxoku dh iwtk esa
oaQtwlh u djuh iM+sA¸
floaQnj dh LokHkkfod n;kyqrk mldh laifÙk vkSj rkdr osQ
lkFk c<+rh jghA vius migkj og cgqr vknj ls nsrk FkkA mldk
migkj cgqr ljkgk tkrkA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij vfjLVu us ,d nq'eu
dks ekjk vkSj mlus mldk flj izek.k osQ rkSj ij floaQnj dks
fn[kk;k vkSj dgk] ¶fjokt gS fd ns'k dh ,slh lsok osQ fy, lksus
dk di fn;k tkrk gSA¸ floaQnj us eqLdjkdj dgk] ¶gka] ,d [kkyh
diA ysfdu rqEgkjs fy, rks ;gka 'kjkc ls Hkjk di gS vkSj ge
rqEgkjh vPNh lsok vkSj nksLrh osQ uke ij tke Vdjk,axsA¸
,d nwljs le; ,d lk/kj.k lSfud floaQnj osQ [ktkus ls yns
,d ?kkssMs+ dks pyk jgk FkkA ?kksM+k cgqr Fkd x;k Fkk rks flikgh us
otu vius da/s ij j[k fy;kA floaQnj us bl flikgh dks otu ls
Mxexkrs ns[kk vkSj iwNk fd D;k ckr gSA flikgh us crk;k fd ?kksM+k
cgqr T;knk Fkd x;k Fkk vkSj mldk Hkh /S;Z pqd jgk gSA rks floaQnj
us dgk] ^^/S;Z er NksM+ks] ftruk Hkh rqe vkf[kj rd ys tk ldrs
gks] vius oSQEi esa ys tkvks vkSj vius fy, j[k yksA** floaQnj mu
yksxksa ls T;knk ukjkt gksrk Fkk tks mldh n;kyqrk dks Lohdkj ugha
djuk pkgrs Fks] u fd muls tks mls xkyh nsrs FksA mldh eka
vksfyefi;kl cgqr ckj mls fy[krh Fkh vkSj yxkrkj lykg nsrh Fkh
fd og vius nksLrksa dks bruk lEeku u ns fd os viuh Lora=k
22
rkdr cuk ysa vkSj floaQnj viuh n;kyqrk dh otg ls detksj
vkSj xjhc cu tk,A floaQnj us viuh eka dks cgqr migkj Hksts vkSj
cgqr utnhdh laioZQ j[kk] ysfdu mldh jk; ugha ekuhA mlls
vksfyefi;kl ukjkt gks xbZ vkSj floaQnj us /SS;Z ls mlosQ Øks/ dks
lgu fd;kA vksfyefi;kl esflMksfu;k esa 'kklu esa Hkh n[ky nsrh
Fkh] ysfdu mlus mls Hkh lgu fd;kA ,aVhisVj us] tks esflMksfu;k
dk jkT;iky Fkk] vksfyefi;kl osQ ckjs esa ,d yEck i=k floaQnj dks
fy[kkA blosQ ckjs esa floaQnj us vius nksLr ls dgk] ¶,aVhisVj ;g
ugha tkurk fd eka dh vka[k ls fudyk ,d vkalw ,sls 10 gtkj i=kkas
dks /ks ldrk gSA¸
pwafd vc os vehj Fks vkSj ,s'k osQ vknh gks x, Fks] floaQnj
osQ iQkSth vius lSfud vH;kl esa <hy djus yxsA floaQnj cM+h
fouezrk ls mUgsa MkaVrk fd bruh dfBukb;ksa vkSj bruh yM+kb;ksa ls
mUgksaus oqQN ugha lh[kkA tks yksx Je djrs gSa os mu yksxksa osQ
eqdkcys vPNh uhan lksrs gSa ftuosQ fy, os dke djrs gaSA ,s'kksvkjke
dh ¯tnxh xqyke cukrh gS] tcfd 'kklu ogha dj ldrs gaS tks nnZ
vkSj esgur ls gksdj xqtjrs gSaA vkjkerych xqykeh dh rjiQ ys
tkrh gSA fiQj dgrk] ¶D;k rqe yksxksa us vHkh rd ugha lh[kk fd
gekjh thr dh xfjek vkSj ifjiw.kZrk blh esa gS fd ge nqxqZ.kksa ls cps
jgsa] mu nqxqZ.kksa ls ftudh otg ls ge vius nq'euksa dks bruh
vklkuh ls gjk losQA¸
floaQnj [kklrkSj ls muosQ lSfud vH;kl osQ fy, fpafrr FkkA
og dgrk Fkk fd og O;fDr iQkSth gksus dk naHk ugha Hkj ldrk tks
vius lcls utnhdh lkeku dk è;ku ugha j[k ldrk vkSj og
lkeku gS mldk 'kjhjµ Hkys gh mlosQ ikl 'kkunkj Hkkyk vkSj mÙke
?kksM+k gksA floaQnj viuk mnkgj.k nsrk Fkk% [kq'kh osQ] vkjke osQ fnuksa
dks eLrh esa fcrkus dh ctk; og 'ksj dk f'kdkj ilan djrk FkkA
ysfdu mlosQ iQkSth vkSj lg;ksxh ?ke.Mh gks jgs Fks] D;ksafd os
vehj FksA os yM+dj vkSj p<+kbZ djosQ Fkd pqosQ FksA vkf[kj esa
23
muosQ [kjkc O;ogkj us mUgsa ;gka rd yk fn;k fd os vius usrk osQ
ckjs esa Hkh [kjkc ckrsa djus yxsA
'kq: esa rks floaQnj us lcz j[kk ;g dgrs gq, fd ¶jktk dks
nwljksa osQ fy, vPNh phtas djuh pkfg,] Hkys gh mls cnys esa
[kjkc 'kCn feysaA¸ vius nksLrksa osQ izfr mlus n;kyqrk fn[kkuk tkjh
j[kkA ysfdu floaQnj ,d ckr dHkh lgu ugha dj ldrk Fkk] og
Fkh ;ks¼k osQ rkSj ij viuh Nfo osQ fy, vuknj HkkoA ;g pht mls
viuh ¯tnxh vkSj viuh laifÙk ls Hkh T;knk I;kjh FkhA
XXXX

vkf[kjdkj Msfj;l dks [kkst fudkyus dk le; vk x;kA 11

fnu esa 400 ehy dh ;k=kk djosQ floaQnj vkSj mlosQ flikfg;ksa dh
I;kl ls ejus dh fLFkfr gks xbZA oqQN esflMksfu;u [kksth FkksM+k ikuh
dkiQh nwj ls ys yk, vkSj mUgksaus floaQnj dks ,d gsyesV Hkj dj
ikuh nsus dh is'kd'k dhA floaQnj dk eqag gkykafd jQdus dh gn
rd lw[kk Fkk] ysfdu mlus /U;okn djrs gq, ikuh okil dj fn;k
vkSj dgk] ¶;g lcosQ fy, dkiQh ugha gS vkSj vxj fliQZ eSa ih
ywaxk rks nwljs csgks'k gks tk,axsA¸ mlosQ yksxksa us tc ;g lc ns[kk
rks mUgksaus vius ?kksM+ksa dks vkxs djosQ tksj ls ,aM+ yxkbZ vkSj ukjs
yxkus yxs fd ¶yM+kbZ esa gekjk usr`Ro djksA¸ mudk dguk Fkk fd
,sls fiz; jktk osQ lkFk os fdlh Hkh pqukSrh dk eqdkcyk djus dks
rS;kj gaSA
[kcj vkbZ fd csll us Msfj;l dks /ks[kk fn;k vkSj mlh osQ
oSQEi esa mls canh cuk fy;kA floaQnj cgqr rsth ls vius 160
?kqM+lokjksa dks ysdj py iM+kA tc og oSQEi esa igqapk rks csll
Msfj;l dks ejus osQ fy, NksM+dj tk pqdk FkkA Msfj;l ej.kklUu
FkkA og ejus yxkA mlus floaQnj osQ vkneh ls dgk] ¶;g esjs cqjs
deks± dk iQy gSA eSa bruk Hkh ugha th ldk fd eSa floaQnj dh
n;kyqrk dk /U;okn dj loawQ] tks mlus esjh iRuh] cPpksa vkSj esjh
24
eka osQ fy, fn[kkbZA¸ Msfj;l floaQnj osQ igqapus ls igys gh ej
pqdk Fkk (tqykbZ 330 bZ-iw)A floaQnj us viuk pksxk mrkjdj mls
vks<+k fn;k vkSj bZekunkjh ls mldh ekSr ij viQlksl tkfgj fd;kA
mldk e`r 'kjhj mldh eka dks Hkst fn;k x;k rkfd og iwjs vknj
osQ lkFk vafre laLdkj dj losQA xíkj csll dks >qosQ gq, isM+ksa ls
cka/dj VqdM+s&VqdM+s djosQ buke fn;k x;k vkSj bl rjg ekSr ns
nh xbZA
XXXX

ikfFkZ;k esa floaQnj dh lsuk us iM+ko MkykA ogha floaQnj us

igyh ckj ccZj diM+s igusA blosQ igys og bls fliZQ ccZj yksxksa
dk fny thrus osQ fy, muls ckrphr osQ oDr igurk FkkA ysfdu
mlosQ ckn og ogh diM+s vius lSfudksa osQ lkeus Hkh iguus yxkA
;g mUgsa nq[k ls Hkj nsrk FkkA ysfdu fiQj os vius brus cgknqj ;ks¼k
dh lud ekudj blosQ fy, rS;kj gks x,A
floaQnj cSDVªh;k esa pyrk x;k vkSj thrrk x;k (328 bZ-iw-)A
ogka ckdh cafn;ksa esa mlus jktk dh yM+dh jksDlsus dks ns[kkA mls
25
igyh utj esa gh lPpk I;kj gks x;k vkSj mlus mlls 'kknh dj
yhA jksDlsus dks rkdr ls viuk cukus dh ctk; mlus iwjs cSDVªh;u
jhfr&fjoktksa osQ lkFk vkSipkfjd 'kknh dhA bl vkRefu;a=k.k vkSj
nwljs dh laLÑfr osQ fy, vknj us mls ccZjksa dk fiz; cuk fn;kA
floaQnj dk nksLr fgfiQ,'kVu mlosQ fons'kh jhfr&fjoktksa dks
viukus osQ joS;s dk iz'kald Fkk vkSj mls dgka rd viukuk Bhd
gS] ;g Hkh crkrk FkkA ysfdu ØsVhfj;l vius eslhMksfu;u rjhosQ ij
dk;e jgkA floaQnj fgfiQ,'kVu dks ccZjksa osQ lkFk ckrphr esa
bLrseky djrk Fkk vkSj ozsQVhfj;l dks ;wukfu;ksa osQ lkFkA floaQnj
fgfiQ,'kVu osQ lkFk T;knk yxko fn[kkrk Fkk ftldks og floaQnj
dk nksLr dgrk Fkk vkSj ozsQVhfj;l dh T;knk bTtr djrk Fkk vkSj
mls jktk dk nksLr dgrk FkkA ;s nksuksa nksLr ,d&nwljs osQ fy, eu
esa bZ";kZ j[krs FksA dbZ ckj rks nksuksa flikfg;ksa osQ lkeus gh vkil esa
yM+us yxrs FksA
iQkSt esa floaQnj osQ nwljs ns'kksa dh os'kHkw"kk vkSj jhfr&fjokt
viuk ysus ij vlarks"k FkkA ccZjksa ls og vis{kk djrk Fkk fd os iwoZ
osQ lezkVksa dh rjg mlosQ lkeus fxM+fxM+k,a] vkSj vius dks ^bZ'oj
iq=k* dh inoh nsrk FkkA (bfrgkldkj ,fj;u us gesa crk;k gS fd
floaQnj us bZjkuh njckj dh rjg vius ;gka lk"Vkax iz.kke djus dk
fjokt 'kq: fd;kA ;gka rd fd esflMksfu;uksa dks Hkh floaQnj dks
ns[krs gh tehu rd >qddj iz.kke djuk iM+rk FkkA gkykafd
esflMksfu;uksa osQ fy, ;g oSdfYid FkkA bl rjg tks djrs Fks
floaQnj muls T;knk [kq'k gksrk Fkk] u fd tks ugha djrs Fks mulsA
mlosQ fy, lquk tkrk Fkk fd mldh yxkrkj ;g uhfr gS fd og
esflMksfu;uksa dk nksLr gS vkSj ccZjksa dk Hkxoku gSA) ysfdu ;wukfu;ksa
osQ fy, floaQnj T;knk fouez FkkA og ges'kk dgk djrk Fkk fd
Hkxoku ge lcdk lkekU; firk gS] ijUrq [kklrkSj ls fof'k"Vksa dkA
mlosQ nksLrksa osQ chp esa floaQnj lgt rjhosQ ls is'k vkrk Fkk]
tcfd ccZjksa osQ chp esa og lgt ugha jg ikrk FkkA
26
 XXXX

esflMksfu;uksa osQ chp izfr"Bk esa floaQnj osQ ckn fiQyksVl

(ikjesfu;ks osQ iq=k) dk nwljs uEcj dk LFkku FkkA fiQyksVl cgqr
cgknqj Fkk vkSj ;q¼ dh Fkdku dks Hkh og >sy ysrk FkkA og Hkh
vius nksLrksa osQ lkFk mruk gh n;kyq Fkk ftruk floaQnjA
ysfdu fiQyksVl ?ke.Mh Fkk vkSj mls viuh laifÙk dk xoZ
cgqr FkkA mlesa fouezrk vkSj cM+Iiu va'k ek=k Hkh ugha FkkA
blfy, mldh cukoVh rstfLork us dkiQh nq'eu vkSj uiQjr
djus okys iSnk fd,A dkiQh yEcs le; rd floaQnj mldh
f'kdk;ras lqurk jgkA fiQyksVl osQ firk ikjesfu;ks bls tkurs Fks
vkSj fiQyksVl dks vius O;ogkj dks Bhd djus dh lykg Hkh nsrs
jgrs FksA
xqykeksa esa ls ,d Fkh] I;knuk 'kgj dh ,aVhxksuh] ftls fiQyksVl
us thrk FkkA ,d fnu fiQyksVl dkiQh u'ks esa FkkA mlus ,aVhxksuh dks
Mhax ekjh fd lkjh fot; osQ ihNs eSa vkSj esjs firk gaS vkSj floaQnj
,d yM+dk gS tks lkjh okgokgh ys ysrk gSA ,aVhxksuh us ;g ckr
nwljh efgyk dks crk nhA ?kVuko'k ozsQVhfj;l us ;g fVIi.kh lquh
vkSj og ,aVhxksuh dks pqipki floaQnj osQ ikl ys x;kA floaQnj us
mldh ckr lquh vkSj mlosQ ckn mlls dgk fd rqe mls p<+krh jgks
vkSj fiQj tks Hkh lwpuk gks vkdj nsuk fd mlus D;k dgk gSA ysfdu
floaQnj us mlosQ f[kykiQ dksbZ iSQlyk ugha fy;k] D;ksafd og viuh
iQkSt dks v'kkar ugha djuk pkgrk FkkA fyeul osQ ekeys us fLFkfr
laca/ rksM+us dh gn rd yk nhA ;g fyeul ,d esflMksfu;u Fkk]
vkSj mlus floaQnj dks ekjus dk "kM~;a=k jpkA mlus fudksekpl dks
Hkh lkFk esa ysus dh lksph] ftlus badkj dj fn;kA fudksekpl us bl
jgL; dks vius HkkbZ dks crk;kA nksuksa HkkbZ fiQyksVl osQ ikl x, vkSj
floaQnj ls feyus dh xaHkhjrk crkbZA nksuksa us ckj&ckj xaHkhjrk
crkdj feyus dk vkxzg fd;k] ysfdu fiQyksVl us mUgsa ;g dgdj
nwj j[kk fd floaQnj cgqr O;Lr gSA
27
 rc nksuksa HkkbZ fdlh vkSj ls feyus osQ fy, x,] ftlus floaQnj
osQ lkFk feyuk r; fd;kA Hkkb;ksa us floaQnj dks fyeul osQ "kM~;a=k
osQ ckjs esa crk;k] vkSj fiQj ;g Hkh crk;k fd fiQyksVl us igys
feydj crkus ls jksdk FkkA floaQnj us ,d flikgh dks fyeul dh
iwNrkN osQ fy, HkstkA tc flikgh us vkdj crk;k fd fyeul
fxjÝrkjh dh ctk; ej x;k] rks floaQnj vkSj T;knk xqLlk gqvk]
D;ksafd blls vlyh nq'eu vkSj "kM~;a=kdrkZ dks [kkstus dk jkLrk can
gks x;kA
ysfdu fiQyksVl osQ nq'euksa us crk;k fd brus cM+s "kM~;a=k osQ
ihNs fliZQ fyeul tSlk lk/kj.k vkneh gh ugha gksxkA mUgksaus lykg
nh fd [kkstchu vkSj loky&tokc mu yksxksa ls 'kq: fd;k tkuk
pkfg,] ftUgksaus bl "kM~;a=k dks jksdus osQ dke esa ck/k MkyhA ,d
ckj vxj os floaQnj osQ fnekx esa ;g ckr Mky ikrs rks fiQj ;g
fn[kkus dh gtkj otgsa Fkha fd fiQyksVl ij 'kd fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
os blesa brus liQy gks x, fd floaQnj us fiQyksVl dks fxjÝrkj
djosQ 'kkjhfjd ;kruk osQ lkFk iwNrkN 'kq: dhA gkykafd fiQyksVl
us euk fd;k fd mldk bl "kM~;a=k esa dksbZ gkFk gS] ysfdu mls
iQkalh ns nh xbZA floaQnj us fiQyksVl osQ firk dks Hkh ekjus osQ fy,
Hkstk tks fd iQkSt esa nwljs uEcj dk dekaMj Fkk vkSj floaQnj osQ
firk fiQfyi dk oiQknkj FkkA
bu dkjZokb;ksa us floaQnj osQ nksLrksa esa Mj iSnk dj fn;k vkSj
mlosQ FkksM+s fnu ckn gh floaQnj us [kqn vius nksLr fDyVl dks ekj
fn;kA (fDyVl floaQnj dh /k; eka dk HkkbZ Fkk] tks fiQfyi osQ
jkT; esa dkiQh egRoiw.kZ dekaMj Fkk vkSj floaQnj dh iQkSt esa jkW;y
LDoSMªu dk dekaMj FkkA mlus xzsfudl unh dh yM+kbZ esa floaQnj
dh tku cpkbZ FkhA fDyVl mu esflMksfu;u dekaMjksa esa ls Fkk]
ftUgsa floaQnj dk ;ks¼k jktk ls ccZj vgadkjh cu tkuk fcYoqQy
ilan ugha FkkA ;g ?kVuk ekjd.Mk esa gqbZ Fkh] 328 bZ-iw-A) floaQnj
28
dks ;wuku ls rktk iQy lkSxkr esa feys vkSj tSlk fd mldk fjokt
Fkk] mlus vius nksLrksa dks iQyksa dh nkor ij cqyk;kA muesa fDyVl
Hkh ,d FkkA
tc lc yksxksa us [kwc 'kjkc ih yh] fDyVl] floaQnj vkSj oqQN
yksxksa us xkuk xkuk 'kq: fd;kA blesa esflMksfu;uksa dk ccZjksa osQ lkFk
gky dh ,d yM+kbZ esa gkjus dk etkd mM+k;k x;k FkkA cw<+s yksx
blls uk[kq'k gks x, vkSj floaQnj vkSj toku yksx ets ys jgs FksA
mUgksaus xkus okys dks xkrs jgus osQ fy, dgkA fDyVl us dgk fd
ccZjksa osQ lkeus esflMksfu;uksa osQ ckjs esa etkd ugha djuk pkfg,]
tcfd O;aX; fd, tkus okys muls vPNs vkneh gSa] og rks yM+kbZ
esa mudh fdLer [kjkc FkhA
floaQnj us etkd fd;kµ fDyVl vius fy, {kek ekax jgk gS]
dk;jrk dks cqjh fdLer dk uke nsdjA fDyVl us mlosQ iSj idM+
fy, vkSj dgk] ¶vkidks bls dk;jrk dguk ilan gS rks dfg,] blh
29
us xzsfudl dh yM+kbZ esa Hkxoku osQ iq=k dh tku cpkbZ FkhA mu
xjhc esflMksfu;uksa us] ftuij vki gal jgs gSa] vkiosQ fy, yM+rs
gq, t[e [kk, gaSA mUgksaus vkidks bruk cM+k cuk fn;k gS fd vki
vius firk fiQfyi dks R;kxdj vius dks vEeksu dk iq=k dgrs gaSA¸
bu okD;ksa ls LrC/ floaQnj us mls /edh nh] ¶D;k rqe lksprs
gks fd bu ckrksa dh rqEgsa ltk ugha feysxh] tks rqeus vHkh
esflMksfu;uksa dks esjs f[kykiQ djus osQ fy, dgh gaS\¸ fDyVl fiQj
Hkh pqi ugha gqvk] ¶gesa igys gh dkiQh ltk fey pqdh gS]¸ mlus
dgk] ¶vxj gekjs dke dk ;gh buke gS rks os yksx HkkX;'kkyh gSa
tks esflMksfu;uksa dks bZjkfu;ksa ls vius jktk ls feyus dh n;k ekaxrs
ns[kus osQ fy, ftank ugha jgs vkSj ;wukfu;ksa dks ccZjksa osQ MaMksa ls
fiVrs ns[kus osQ fy, ftank ugha cpsA¸ (floaQnj us LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa
esa ls yksxksa dks iQkSt esa HkrhZ fd, Fks)A floaQnj us Hkkyk mBkdj
fDyVl dks Hkksad fn;kA
ml iwjh jkr vkSj vxys fnu floaQnj cqjh rjg jksrk jgk tc
rd fd mlosQ vkalw [kRe u gks x,A og vius d{k osQ iQ'kZ ij
fxjdj fllfd;ka ysrk jgkA mlosQ nksLrksa us lkspk] bl pqIih dk
eryc gS fd og [krjs esa gS&;g ekudj mUgksaus njoktk rksM+ fn;kA
( floaQnj us mlh Hkkys ls [kqn dks ekjus dh dksf'k'k dh ftlls
mlus fDyVl dks ekjk FkkA tc mlus eglwl fd;k fd mlus D;k
fd;k gS] mlus vius&vkidks vius nksLr dk gR;kjk dgk tks fd
og lp esa FkkA) ysfdu floaQnj us mu yksxksa dh rjiQ dksbZ è;ku
ugha fn;k tc rd fd os yksx osQfylFkhful (vjLrw dk utnhdh
nksLr) dks ugha ys vk,A osQfylFkhful vius lkFk ,d vkSj nk'kZfud
,ukDlvkjl dks Hkh yk;k FkkA
osQfylFkhful us mls vkjke nsus osQ fy, dbZ uSfrd mins'k
fn,] ysfdu floaQnj dks vkjke ugha igqapkA ,ukDlvkjl us floaQnj
dks mnklh ls fudkyus osQ fy, dgk] ¶vPNk rks ;g floaQnj gS]
30
egku floaQnj] tks lkjs fo'o ls Mj jgk gS! mls ns[kks tehu ij ysVs
gq, fllfd;ka ysrs gq,] D;ksafd og lksp jgk gS yksx D;k dgsaxs! tSls
mls [kqn dkuwu ugha cukuk gSA U;k; vkSj vU;k; dh lhek,a rks mlh
dks crkuh gSA ;g tks thr jgk gS ;g jktk vkSj Hkxoku gS u fd
xqyke] NksVs yksxksa dk vkn'kZ gSA¸ bl rjg dh ckrksa ls ,ukDlvkjl
us floaQnj dks vkjke igqapk;k] ysfdu mlosQ pfj=k dks [kjkc fd;kA
mls vkxs vkSj Hkh xyr phtksa dks djus osQ fy, vkSj fgEer nhA
(floaQnj jks iM+k tc mlus ,ukDlvkjl ls czãkaM esa vufxur
fo'o gksus dh ckr lquhA floaQnj osQ nksLr us iwNk] ¶D;k ckr gS!¸
rks floaQnj us tokc fn;k] ¶;gka brus lkjs lalkj gSa vkSj eSaus vHkh
rd ,d dks Hkh iwjh rjg iQrg ugha fd;kA¸)
nksuksa nk'kZfudµ ,ukDlvkjl vkSj osQfylFkhfulµ floaQnj dh
vkRek dh j{kk osQ fy, cgl djrs jgrs FksA pkiywl vkSj ijthoh
fdLe osQ floaQnj osQ vklikl osQ yksx oSls Hkh osQfylFkhful ls
uiQjr djrs Fks] D;ksafd og toku vkSj cw<+s nksuksa lSfudksa esa yksdfiz;
FkkA cw<+s yksx mldh lknxh vkSj larks"k osQ fy, mls ilan djrs Fks
vkSj toku mldh okdiVqrk osQ fy, mlosQ iz'kald FksA mlosQ
fuand dgk djrs Fks fd og vius dks cgqr cM+k le>rk gS] ?keaMh
gSA tc Hkh mls ikVhZ esa fueaf=kr fd;k tkrk rks ;k rks og vkrk gh
ugha vkSj vk tkrk rks pqipki cSB tkrk tSls mls fdlh pht ls dksbZ
eryc gh u gksA
,d jkr osQfylFkhful dks Hkh floaQnj osQ lkFk [kkus ij vkeaf=kr
fd;k x;kA floaQnj us Hkkjh HkhM+ dks [kkus dh nkor ij cqyk;k FkkA
tke osQfylFkhful osQ ikl yk;k x;k vkSj mls rqjra ,d vk'kq dfork
cukdj esflMksfu;uksa dh iz'kalk esa lqukuh FkhA osQfylFkhful bruh
okdiVqrk ls cksyk fd gjsd us t;t;dkj djrs gq, [kq'k gksd s j iQwyksa
dh o"kkZ dhA floaQnj us O;aX; fd;k fd brus vPNs fo"k; ij rks bruk
vPNk cksyuk cgqr vklku gSA mlus osQfylFkhful dks ,d eqf'dy
31
pqukSrh nhA mlus vc esflMksfu;uksa dh dfe;ksa ij cksyus osQ fy,
dgk rkfd os mUgsa oqQN Bhd djosQ Hkfo"; esa vkSj vPNk dj losaQA
vjLrw lp gh dgrk Fkk fd osQfylFkhful cgqr iz[kj oDrk
Fkk] ysfdu mldk fu.kZ; [kjkc FkkA osQfylFkhful us mudh
dfe;ka bruh vPNh rjg c;ku dh fd mlosQ ckn lc mlls
uiQjr djus yxsA oqQN dgrs Fks fd osQfylFkhful tsy esa ejk]
lkr eghus tathjksa esa ca/k jgkA nwljs dgrs Fks fd mls iQkalh ns nh
xbZA
XXXX

floaQnj Hkkjr ij geyk djuk pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu mlosQ flikgh

ywV osQ lkeku ls brus yns Fks fd os cgqr /hjs py jgs FksA ,d fnu
lqcg tc lc xkfM+;ka lkeku ls yn xb±] floaQnj us viuh xkM+h dks
vkx yxk nh vkSj vius nksLrksa dh xkfM+;ksa esa Hkh vkx yxk nhA
mlosQ ckn mlus ckdh xkfM+;ksa esa Hkh vkx yxkus dk gqDe ns fn;kA
vcrd floaQnj fdlh Hkh gqDe u ekuus okys osQ izfr dkiQh T;knk
n;kfoghu gks pqdk FkkA gkykafd blls oqQN ukjkt Fks] ysfdu vke
rkSj ij T;knkrj iQkSt bl ccZj lkeku osQ tyus ls [kq'k Fkh] D;ksafd
os vc fiQj ls ;ks¼k cu lsoasQxsA
r{kf'kyk dk jktk Hkkjr osQ cM+s fgLls ij jkT; djrk FkkA tc
mlus lquk fd floaQnj vk jgk gS mlus bartkj ugha fd;k vkSj mlls
'kkafr ls [kqn feyus pyk x;kA dgk] ¶ge ,d&nwljs ls yM+kbZ D;ksa
djuk pkgrs gSa\ vxj vkiosQ ;gka vkus dk eryc gekjk ikuh vkSj
gekjk [kkuk Nhuuk ugha gS\ ;s ,slh phtas gaS ftuosQ fy, fdlh Hkh
le>nkj vkneh dks yM+uk ugha pkfg,A blosQ vykok vxj dksbZ
vkSj laifÙk ;k vehjh dh ckr gS] rks esjs ikl vxj oqQN T;knk gS
rks eSa vkiosQ lkFk ckaVus dks rS;kj gwaA ysfdu vxj HkkX; esjh ctk;
vkiosQ lkFk gS rks eq>s vkidk dtZnkj cuus esa dksbZ ,rjkt ugha
gSA¸
32
 bl fouezrk ls Hkjs 'kCnksa ls floaQnj [kq'k gqvk vkSj mlus
tokc fn;k] ¶D;k rqe lksprs gks fd rqEgkjs fouez 'kCn vkSj rqEgkjk
vPNk O;ogkj gekjs chp dh yM+kbZ ls cpk ldrs gaS\ ugha] eSa rqEgsa
bruh vklkuh ls cpus ugha nwaxkA eSa rqEgkjs lkFk bu 'krksZa ij yM+kbZ
d:axkA blls dksbZ iQoZQ ugha iM+sxk fd rqe eq>s fdruk nsrs gks] eSa
rqEgsa mlls T;knk okil nwaxkA¸ blosQ ckn r{kf'kyk us cgqr vPNs
migkj floaQnj dks HksaV fd,] ysfdu floaQnj us mlls Hkh T;knk
dherh migkj cnys esa fn, vkSj mlosQ mQij ,d gtkj lksus dh
v'kiQhZ Hkh ns nhA bl mnkjrk dks floaQnj osQ iqjkus nksLrksa us ilan
ugha fd;k] ysfdu blus cgqr lkjs Hkkjrh;ksa dk fny thr fy;kA
ysfdu jktk iksjl us lei.kZ djus ls badkj dj fn;kA og
floaQnj dks gkbZnlil unh dks ikj djus ls jksdus osQ fy, rS;kj gks
x;kA iksjl fo'kkydk; vkneh FkkA tc og vius ;q¼ osQ gkFkh ij
p<+rk Fkk rks ,slk yxrk Fkk tSls lk/kj.k Mhy&MkSy dk vkneh ?kksM+s
ij yxrk gSA yEch yM+kbZ osQ ckn floaQnj thr x;kA iksjl mlosQ
lkeus canh cukdj yk;k x;k rks floaQnj us iwNk fd D;k O;ogkj
fd;k tk,A iksjl us tokc fn;k] ¶,d jktk dh rjgA¸ floaQnj us
nksckjk iwNk rks iksjl us dgk] ¶tSls ,d jktk nwljs jktk osQ lkFk
djrk gSA¸ floaQnj us u osQoy iksjl dks mlosQ jkT; dk lwcsnkj
cuk fn;k] cfYd mls vkSj T;knk jkT; ns fn;kA
;g ,d egaxh fot; FkhA cgqr lkjs esflMksfu;u ekjs x, vkSj
mUgha esa floaQnj dk iqjkuk ;q¼ dk nksLr cqflisQYkl Hkh FkkA blus
floaQnj dks bruk nq[k ls Hkj fn;k fd tSls mlus cgqr iqjkuk nksLr
[kks fn;k gksA mlus ml txg ij ,d 'kgj clk;k ftldk uke j[kk
cqfliQkfy;kA
22 gtkj Hkkjrh;ksa ij eqf'dy thr us (ebZ 326 bZ-iw-)
esflMksfu;uksa dh dej rksM+ nhA muesa floaQnj osQ xaxk ikj djus osQ
iSQlys ls dksbZ mRlkg ugha FkkA xaxk dk ikV 4 ehy rd pkSM+k FkkA
33
;g 6 lkS iQhV xgjh Fkh vkSj nwljh rjiQ 2 yk[k iSny lSfudkas dh
iQkSt] 50 gtkj ?kqM+lokj] 8 gtkj jFk] vkSj 6 gtkj ;q¼ osQ gkFkh
Fks] ftudk eqdkcyk djuk FkkA floaQnj muosQ vueusiu ls bruk
ukjkt gqvk fd mlus vius&vkidks vius racw esa can dj fy;k vkSj
dgk fd vxj os xaxk ikj djus osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gksaxs rks vHkh
rd tks fd;k mlosQ /U;okn osQ mÙkjkf/dkjh Hkh ugha jgsaxsA
vkf[kjdkj nksLrksa osQ le>kus vkSj flikfg;ksa dh izkFkZukvksa ij
floaQnj okil eqM+kA
viuh izfr"Bk dks c<+kus osQ fy, mlus dkBh] dop] tks fd
vkdkj esa cgqr cMss+ Fks vkSj nsorkvksa dh iwtk osQ fy, cM+h osfn;ksa
dks ihNs NksM+ fn;kA ukoksa osQ ctjksa ij lokj gksdj mldh lsuk
baMl unh ikj dj xbZA
jkLrs esa os oqQN 'kgjksa dh fdyscanh rksM+dj muij dCtk djrs
x,A muesa ls gh ,d esa floaQnj ejrs&ejrs cpkA floaQnj lh<+h ij
lcls mQij Fkk& ekyh;u 'kgj dh nhokj ij] vkSj fiQj og 'kgj
esa vius nks flikfg;ksa osQ lkFk vanj owQn x;kA blls igys fd ckdh
esflMksfu;u mls idM+ ikrs vkSj cpk ikrs] floaQnj dks ,d rhj
vkdj ilfy;ksa esa yx x;k vkSj xnk dh pksV ls mls pDdj vk
x;kA tc mu yksxksa us mls gVk;k og csgks'k FkkA MkDVj us rhj dks
dkVdj fudkykA viQokg iSQy xbZ fd floaQnj ekjk x;kA
XXXX

Hkkjr esa floaQnj tc Fkk rks mlus 10 czkã.kksa dks canh cuk;kA
;s yksx tkus&ekus cqf¼eku yksx Fks] blfy, floaQnj us mudh ijh{kk
ysus dh ckr lksphA floaQnj us dgk] tks lcls [kjkc tokc nsxk og
lcls igys ejsxk] vkSj mlus cM+s cw<s+ czkã.k dks bl izfr;ksfxrk dk
tt cuk fn;kA
¶la[;k esa T;knk dkSu gS thfor ;k e`r\¸ floaQnj us igys
34
czkã.k ls iwNk\ czkã.k us tokc fn;k] ¶thfor] D;ksafd ejk gqvk
fxuk ugha tkrkA¸
¶fdlus T;knk tho&tarq iSnk fd,] leqnz us ;k /jrh us\¸
floaQnj us nwljs ls loky fd;kA ¶/jrh us]¸ mlus tokc fn;k]
¶D;ksafd leqnz rks mldk ,d fgLlk gh gS¸
rhljs ls loky Fkk] ¶lcls NksVk tho dkSu gS\¸ czkã.k us tokc
fn;k] ¶tks gesa vHkh rd feyk ughaA¸
pkSFks ls loky Fkk fd ¶Hkkjrh;ksa dks yM+us osQ fy, iszfjr djus
osQ fy, mUgksaus D;k roZQ bLrseky fd;k Fkk\¸ mldk tokc Fkk]
¶;k rks bTtr ls jgks ;k bTtr ls ejksA¸
¶D;k iqjkuk gS] fnu ;k jkr\¸ ikaposa ls loky FkkA tokc feyk]
¶fnu de ls de 1 fnu cM+k gSA¸ tc mlus ns[kk fd floaQnj
tokc ls larq"V ugha gS rks mlus tksM+k] ¶vthc lokykas dk
tokc Hkh vthc gksrk gSA¸
¶,d vkneh dks D;k djuk pkfg, ftlls og lcdk fiz;
cus\¸ floaQnj us iwNk] vkSj NBs czkã.k us tokc fn;k] ¶fcuk
Mjk, rkdroj cuksA¸
¶,d vkneh dks Hkxoku cuus osQ fy, D;k djuk pkfg,\¸
lkrosa ls iwNk] ftlus tokc fn;k] ¶,slk djks tks balku osQ fy,
djuk vlaHko gksA¸
vkBoas czkã.k ls loky Fkk] ¶¯tnxh cyoku gS ;k ekSr\¸ mldk
tokc Fkk] ¶¯tnxh ekSr ls T;knk cyoku gS] D;ksafd mlesa cgqr
lkjh rdyhiQ fNih jgrh gSA¸
ukSoas czkã.k ls iwNk] ¶fdlh vkneh osQ fy, dc rd thfor
jguk Bhd gS\¸ mlus dgk] ^^tc yxs fd vc ejuk csgrj gSs]
rc rdA**
blosQ ckn floaQnj tt dh rjiQ eqM+k] ftlus ;g r; fd;k
35
fd gjsd us ,d&nwljs ls [kjkc tokc fn;k gSA ¶rc rqe lcls
igys ejksxs ,slk lgh tokc nsus ij]¸ floaQnj us dgkA ¶,slk ugha
Jheku egku jktk!** mlus tokc fn;k] ¶vxj vki viuh tcku
osQ iDosQ gSa rks vkius dgk Fkk tks lcls [kjkc tokc nsxk og lcls
igys ejsxkA¸
floaQnj us lc czkã.kksa dks migkj fn, vkSj vktkn dj fn;k]
blosQ ckotwn fd mUgksaus Hkkjrh;ksa dks mlls yM+us osQ fy, HkM+dk;k
FkkA
XXXX

floaQnj dks baMl dks ikj djus osQ lSfud vfHk;ku esa lkr
eghus yx x,A vkf[kjdkj tc og fgUn egklkxj esa igqapk] mlus
r; fd;k fd iQkSt dks tgkt ls ys tkus dh ctk; xsMjksf'k;u
taxy ls ys tk;k tk,A (,fj;u gesa crkrs gSa fd floaQnj osQ bl
taaxy ls ikj tkus dh otg ;g Fkh fd vHkh rd fdlh iQkSt us
blls gksdj ikj ugha fd;k FkkA mls eqf'dyas irk Fkha tks bls ikj
djus esa vkus okyh FkhaA muosQ }kjk ywVk x;k lkeku Hkh mUgsa ihNs
NksM+uk Fkk] D;ksafd muosQ ikl <ksus okys tkuojksa dh deh FkhA
T;knkrj tkuoj I;kl dh otg ls ej x, FksA tks Hkh lkFk pyus
36
dh fLFkfr esa ugha jgk] ihNs ejus osQ fy, NksM+ fn;k x;kA vkf[kj
esa mUgsa ikuh feyk vkSj mUgksaus mlosQ ikl iM+ko Mkyk] rHkh ekulwu
dh ckfj'k us ,dne ck<+ yk nh ftlesa lHkh efgyk,a vkSj cPps
Mwc x, vkSj cps gq, tkuoj Hkh Mwc x,A fliZQ oqQN iQkSth tks
taxy esa tk losQ] ogh cps (;g ?kVuk 325 bZ-iw- dh gS)A 60
eqf'dy Hkjs fnuksa osQ ckn] os xsMjksf'k;k igqaps] tgka mUgsa [kkus vkSj
ihus dks dkiQh feykA ml taxy esas cgqr yksx ekjs x,A 1]20]000
dh iQkSt vkSj 15]000 ?kqM+lokjksa esas ls] ftUgsa floaQnj vius lkFk
Hkkjr osQ fy, ysdj pyk Fkk] ,d pkSFkkbZ gh okil vk ik,A
Hkkjr eas mldh eqlhcrksa dh [kcjsa] ekSr ls fHkMa+r] iQkSt osQ
cM+s fgLls dk taxy esa [kRe gks tkukµ bu lc phtksa us gkjs gq,
ns'kksa esa cxkor osQ ckjs esa lkspus osQ fy, izsfjr fd;kA ihNs tks
jkT;iky vkSj dekaMj mlus jkT; dk 'kklu pykus osQ fy, NksM+s Fks]
os lkspus yxs fd os tks pkgsa dj ldrs gSaA ;gka rd fd esflMksfu;k
esa floaQnj dh eka us ml vkneh dks vinLFk dj fn;k ftls mlus
xouZj cuk;k FkkA ysfdu floaQnj vHkh Hkh u, vkfo"dkj djrs jguk
pkgrk FkkA bl ckj mlus vÚhdk dk pDdj yxkdj fiYyjl
vkWiQ gjoqQyl (ftcjkyVj) rd leqnzh ;k=kk dk lq>ko j[kkA
lk;jl dh dcz dks esflMksfu;uksa esa ls ,d us ywV fy;kA
floaQnj us blosQ fy, ml ywVus okys dks iQkalh dh ltk ns nhA
dcz ij fy[kk Fkk] ¶rqe dksbZ Hkh gks] vkSj dgha ls Hkh vk, gks (eSa
tkurk Fkk fd rqe vkvksxs) eSa lkbjl gwa] bZjkuh lkezkT; dks cukus
okykA Ñi;k bl feêðh dks] ftlus esjh yk'k dks <adk gS] jgus nksA¸
bl bckjr us floaQnj dks cgqr T;knk ijs'kku dj fn;kA bl mnkgj.k
ls mls yxk fd balku dh izflf¼ fdruh {k.k&Hkaxqj gSA Bhd blh
le; osQykul (mu czkã.kksa esa ls ,d] tks floaQnj osQ lkFk Hkkjr
ls pys Fks) us dgk fd mldks vius vafre laLdkj dh fprk cukuh
gSA tc lc rS;kj gks x;k osQykul us vafre laLdkj osQ lkjs t:jh
jhfr&fjokt fd,A fiQj esflMksfu;u nksLrksa dks vyfonk dgkA mlus
37
muls dgk fd floaQnj dks dguk fd osQykul tYnh gh cschyksu
esa feysxkA fiQj og fprk ij p<+ x;k] fprk tykbZ vkSj 'kkar cSBk
jgk tc rd fd og jk[k u gks x;kA
ml jkr floaQnj us vius nksLrksa vkSj viQljksa osQ lkFk jkr dk
[kkuk j[kk vkSj dgk] tks lcls T;knk 'kjkc fi,xk mlosQ fy, buke
jgsxkA isjksekpl us 12 igos ih, vkSj buke thrkA ysfdu rhu fnu
ckn og ej x;k] bdrkyhl vkSj yksx blls ejsA
XXXX

lwlk esa (324 bZ-iw-) floaQnj us jktk Msfj;l dh yM+dh

LVkfjjk dks viuh ,d iRuh cuk fy;kA Bhd mlh le; mlus bZjku
dh cgqr vPNs ifjokjksa dh efgykvksa osQ lkFk vius nksLrksa dk
fookg djok;kA
;s 'kkfn;ka bdêòs ,d cM+s fo'kky R;kSgkj osQ rkSj ij laiUu gqb±
ftlesa ukS gtkj esgeku FksA blesa gjsd dks lksus dk di fn;k x;kA
floaQnj us flikfg;ksa dk Hkh lkjk iSlk ns fn;k ftlesa djhc 10]000
VsyS.Vl yxsA
tc floaQnj Hkkjr osQ fy, pyk Fkk rks mlus 30 gtkj bZjkuh
yM+dksa dks ;wukuh iQkSt osQ fy, pquk FkkA os vc rd etcwr vkSj
vPNs ;ks¼k cu pqosQ FksA mUgksaus viuh iQkSth Vªsfuax dk izn'kZu fd;k
ftlls floaQnj izlUu gqvkA ysfdu esflMksfu;u blls nq[kh gq,]
D;ksafd vc rd os ekuus yxs Fks fd ¶vc floaQnj osQ fy, gekjh
dksbZ lk[k ugha jg xbZ gSA¸
tc floaQnj us oqQN ?kk;yksa vkSj oqQN chekj yksxksa dks esflMksfu;k
ykSVus dh btktr ns nh rks nwljs ;wukfu;ksa dks Hkh tkus osQ fy, dgk
x;kA mUgksaus tksM+k fd floaQnj dks mudh lsokvksa dh t:jr ugha gS]
D;ksafd mlosQ ikl bZjkuh pqLr yM+dksa dk cM+k vPNk nLrk gS
ftuosQ lkFk og fo'o dks thrus tk ldrk gSA blls floaQnj bruk
38
Øq¼ gks x;k fd mlus mÙkstukiw.kZ vkSj xkfy;ksa ls Hkjk ,d yEck
Hkk"k.k fn;k] vius lc xkMks± dks ekj Mkyk vkSj mudh txg lHkh
bZjkfu;ksa dks j[k fn;kA blosQ FkksM+s gh fnu ckn] ;wukfu;ksa us iNrkuk
'kq: fd;kA os 2 fnu] 2 jkr floaQnj osQ racw osQ ckgj [kM+s jgs]
tcrd fd floaQnj ueZ u iM+ x;k] vkSj muosQ dke osQ fy, buke
r; dj fn;kA
floaQnj bdcrkuk osQ fy, pyrk jgk] tgka mlus vius
lkezkT; osQ oqQN ekeyksa dks ns[kkA fiQj turk osQ lkFk n'kZd cudj
'kkafr ls ets ysus yxkA rhu gtkj vfHkusrk vkSj dykdkj ;wuku ls
mldk euksjatu djus vk, FksA ysfdu floaQnj dh [kq'kh T;knk yEch
ugha pyh] D;ksafd mldk lcls vPNk nksLr fgfiQ,'kVu cq[kkj ls
py clkA
floaQnj dk fgfiQ,'kVu osQ tkus dk nq[k lkjh lhek,a rksM+
x;kA ftl MkWDVj us mldk bykt fd;k Fkk mls iQkalh ij p<+k
fn;kA (MkDVj dh xyrh ugha Fkh] fliZQ ;g fd og ejht dks
NksM+dj ukVd ns[kus pyk x;kA fgfiQ,'kVu us ml ekSosQ dk iQk;nk
mBkdj ijgst rksM+ fn;k vkSj ,d iwjk fpdu [kk x;k vkSj [kwc
lkjh 'kjkc ih yhA blls cq[kkj fcxM+ x;k vkSj og tYnh ej
x;kA) floaQnj us gqDe fn;k fd 'kksd esa mldh iQkSt osQ lHkh
tkuojksa osQ cky vkSj iwaN dkV nh tk,aA mlus vklikl osQ 'kgj dh
nhokj fxjok nhA lkjk laxhr can dj fn;kA fiQj og dksfl;k ns'k
esa x;k vkSj fcuk fdlh dkj.k iwjs ns'k esa dRysvke dj fn;kA
fgfiQ,'kVu dh dcz ij cuk rkcwr vn~Hkqr vkSj vf}rh; FkkA
;g rkcwr mldh ;kn esa cuk;k x;k FkkA floaQnj viuk T;knkrj
le; okLrqdkj osQ lkFk mlosQ ckjs esa ckr djrs gq, gh fcrkrkA
cschyksu osQ jkLrs esa ,d ogha osQ fuoklh Hkfo";Drk us crk;k fd
vxj mlus 'kgj esa izos'k fd;k rks ej tk,xkA ysfdu floaQnj us
dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;kA tSls gh og nhokj osQ ikl vk;k mlus ns[kk
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oqQN dkSos vkil esa yM+kbZ dj jgs FksA fiQj mlosQ ikl gh oqQN
fxjkA bruk cM+k vi'koqQu gksuk Hkh floaQnj dks cschyku esa tkus ls
ugha jksd ik;kA
cgjgky] nwljs vthcksxjhc vi'koqQuksa dh vksj floaQnj dk
è;ku x;kA ,d x/s dh ykr [kkdj mldk lcls rkdroj 'ksj ej
x;k] vkSj ,d fnu floaQnj osQ flagklu ij ,d vkneh xgjk è;ku
yxkdj cSBk ik;k x;kA blosQ ckn floaQnj dk fo'okl Hkxoku vkSj
nksLrksa nksuksa ls mB x;kA ,d ckj mlus bl rjhosQ dh vizkÑfrd
'kfDr;ksa osQ Mj dks vius mQij gkoh gksus fn;k rks fiQj NksVh&lh
pht ls Hkh bl rjg Mjus yxk tSls irk ugha mldk fdruk egRo
gSA Hkfo";ok.kh djus okyksa vkSj iqtkfj;ksa dh HkhM+ njckj esa tek
gksus yxhA nSoh 'kfDr;ksa dh voekuuk euq"; dks n;uh; cuk nsrh
gS vkSj ,slk gh va/fo'okl osQ lkFk gSA oqQafBr fnekx esa Mj vkSj
ew[kZrkiw.kZ fopkj ,sls Hkj tkrs gSa tSls ikuh fjldj feêðh osQ crZu
esa Hkj tkrk gSA
floaQnj us cgqr T;knk 'kjkc ihuh 'kq: dj nh vkSj mls cq[kkj
gks x;kA ckjg fnu cq[kkj esa rius osQ ckn mldh cschyksu esa (twu
10] 323 bZ-iw-) e`R;q gks xbZA

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