Horological. Times Awci 2007-01-Web

HoROLOGICAL.
TIMES
January 2007
IB
BLAN'c.PAJN
American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute

THOSE WHO PUT
THEIR NAME
ON THE OUTSIDE,
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0UALITY. INNOVATION. lONGEVITY.
maxell
THE WORLD LEADER IN MICRO BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
HoROLOGICAL,. HoROLOGICAL'M
TIMES
Official Publication of the
American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute
TIMES
EDITORIAL &EXECUTIVE OFFICES VOLUME 31, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 2007
American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute (AWCI)
701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, OH 45030
Phone: Toll Free 1-866-367-2924 or (513) 367-9800 FEATURE ARTICLES
Fax: (513) 367-1414 6 Blancpain Le Brassus, 8 Jours and Caliber 13RO
E-mail: awci@awci.com
Website: www.awci.com By Ron DeCorte
Office Hours: Monday-Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00PM (Esn 16 Dive Watches Take the Plunge, By Gary Crighton
Closed National Holidays
26 Repairing a Hole End Spring, By David J. Carlson
Donna K. Baas: Managing Editor, Advertising Manager
Katherine J. Ortt: Associate Editor, Layout/Design Associate
James E. Lubic, CMW: Executive Director COLUMNS

Education &Technical Director 12 The Modern German Clock Movement, By Mark Butterworth
Lucy Fuleki: Assistant Executive Director
Thomas J. Pack, CPA: Finance Director Part 68, Regula Cuckoo Movement Specifications and
Laurie Penman: Clock Instructor
Manuel Yazijian, CMW: Watchmaking Instructor Retrofitting Hints
Certification Coordinator 30 The Professional Horologist, By Vincent Schrader
Nancy L. Wellmann: Education Coordinator
Sharon McManus: Membership Coordinator Test Jitters
Mary Huff: Technical & Library Coordinator
Heather Weaver: ReceptionisVSecretary
32 Topping Tools, Part 5, By Laurie Penman
Jim Meyer: IT Director
HOROLOG/CAL TIMES ADVISORY COMMITTEE

DEPARTMENTS
Ron Iverson, CMC: Chairman 2 President's Message, By Dennis Warner
Karel Ebenstreit, CMW
Jeffrey Hess 2 Executive Director's Message, By James E. Lubic
Chip Lim, CMW, CMC, CMEW
E-mail: htcomm@awci.com
4 Questions & Answers, By David A. Christianson
21 Bulletin Board
AWCI OFFICERS
Dennis J. Warner, CW: President 22 From the Workshop, By Jack Kurdzionak
Mark Butterworth: 1st Vice President
Gene Bertram, CC: 2nd Vice President 29 AWCI New Members
Matt Henning, CW: Secretary 36 Affiliate Chapter Report, By Wes Cutter
Jack Kurdzionak, CW: Treasurer
43 Industry News
AWCI DIRECTORS
Mark Baker, CMW 44 Classified Advertising
Glenn D. Gardner, CMW
Roland (Ron) Iverson, CMC
48 Advertisers' Index
James Sadilek 48 AWCI Employee Directory
James K. Zimmerman, CMW, CMC, CMEW
Wes Cutter, CC: Affiliate Chapter Director
Elbert Lewis, CMW: Research &Education Council Director EDUCATION
Jack Kurdzionak, CW: Industry Advisory Board Director
15 AWCI Academy of Watchmaking Classes
IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT
Jim Door
15 AWCI Certification Exam Schedule
FELLOW-American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute

39 AWCI Evening Classes in Clock and Watch Repair
Robert F. Bishop ·Harold J. Henman 47 AWCI Home Study Course in Clock Repair
James H. Broughton J.M. Huckabee
Fred S. Burckhardt Gerald G. Jaeger
Alice B. Carpenter Benjamin Matz SPECIAL INTEREST
David A. Christianson Robert A. Nelson
George Daniels ·Hamilton E. Pease 25 AWCI Directors' E-mail Address Directory
Wes Door Archie B. Perkins
•Henry B. Fried Antoine Simonin 41 AWCI-ELM Trust Donations
·Josephine F. Hagans William 0. Smith, Jr.
•Orville R. Hagans Milton C. Stevens
Ewell D. Hartman ·Marvin E. Whitney
*Deceased
Reprinting and reproduction is prohiMed without written permission from the American
Watt:hmakeB-Cioci<makers lnstitllte. Copynght ©2007 bv lhe American Wali:hmakers-Oockmaker.;
lns1i1u1e.
HOROWG/CAL nMES ffSSNO 145-9546)is pubUshed monlh~ and cop)T\Jhted by the American Wi!lch- COVER
makers-Ciockmakeffi llstiMe, 701 Entelprise Drive, Hamson, OH 450.10·1696. Subscription price for lhe
putJic is $98.110 per year 1$6 50 per copy). Members subscription is $45.110 wtich is OOJded with anrm This month's cover features the
<lJes of $91tll0 Pefiodcas poslllge pOd ill Harison, OH 45030 and add'rtioM O'l1r'es. POSTMASTER: Blancpain Caliber 13RO
Send adtnss chaJges to HORO/.OG/CAI. TIMES. 71l1 Ente!prise ()ive, Harrison. OH
President's Message
Dennis Warner, CW
Have you made your New Year's resolutions yet? Everything you want is yours for the
asking with a lot of hard work if you set and follow your goals. We all need to improve our
skills and use our time and capital wisely.
Your Board of Directors has set a rigorous and achievable goal of making A WCI into an inter-
nationally known, financially stable and respected organization. The professionalism we seek should be our main
focus and we should not let anything deter us from our goal.
Your Board is taking a close look at our financial picture to insure the longtime future of A WCI. Our certification
programs are to insure recognition worldwide and when completely implemented will lead to the respect desired. An
important area we sometimes overlook is the great service rendered to us by our suppliers. They are there to identify
and supply parts, have the supplies and machinery available for us to do our daily tasks and sell those at a reasonable
price. Look through your old and new issues of Horological Times to see who has been there for us. We thank them
and will support them by purchasing through the Jewelry Industry Distributors Association QIDA) members who
advertise in the HT.
I thank each member for your dedication and the trust you have placed in this year's Board of Directors.
Be sure to read and fill out the Forum Committee's Survey on this month's mailing envelope of Horological Times.
We need your input now, so take a few minutes to complete and send.
Executive Director's Message

James E. Lubic, CMW
I hope everyone had a wonderful Christmas and Holiday Season. Now it's time to get to work
on those New Year's resolutions. If you had trouble coming up with any resolutions for this
year I would like to help you with some ideas.
If you don't do so throughout the year you should look at your pricing structure for repairs.
Make a resolution to monitor what your turndown rate is on various repairs that you quote to
customers. Many of you may know this already, but for those of you who don't ... a good rule of thumb when moni-
toring your turndown rate on repairs is 20/80. You want to set your prices so that 20% or 2 in 10 customers walk out
your door without leaving the repair because the price you quoted is too high in their opinion. I know watchmakers
and clockmakers want to be heroes and repair everything that walks through the door, even though we all know
better. Don't be a hero, be a smart businessperson. Don't be afraid to set your own supply and demand line. If your
backlog is too long using the 20/80 approach, jump it up to 30/70. You might be surprised at the results.
The "AWCI Business Survey of Members", and the "Survey Related to Charges and Hours" may also help you to
improve your bottom line for 2007. There is a lot of valuable information in these two surveys.
Take some time to clean up your shop, and get organized. Trade those shoeboxes in for proper cabinets. You will feel
much better about yourself and your business. Don't be shy about projecting a professional image through your
appearance. Invest in one new piece of equipment for your business. It could be a computer, computer upgrade,
software, or test equipment. Stay current with technology. Some day you will want to retire. A clean organized and
up-to-date business can easily be sold to supplement your retirement. A dirty, disorganized, outdated business usu-
ally ends up closing and the contents selling for pennies on the dollar, and that just isn't right when you've worked so
hard for all those years. (Continued on page 38.)
2 Horological Times · January 2007

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January 2007 Horological Times 3
Questions & Answers
David A. Christianson,
CMW, CMEW, FAWI
Question Answer
Enclosed are the front, side, back, and top Portable clocks fitted with balances and hair-
views of a carriage/ simple repeater clock springs were produced in France in the late
that we have recently serviced. We know it 1700s. However, it was A-L Breguet and a
is quite old, but it is accurate beyond our few other famous makers who created the
expectation! design with glass sides and top between 1800
and 1820, which became the standard model
The owner is pleased, but wants to find out, for these clocks.
if possible, who manufactured this clock,
and approximately when. I personally did Most of these clocks were finished and cased
not see any identification marks or num- in Paris, with some coming from other ar-
bers in the movement or the case. eas in France. But, virtually all of the blank
movements to make these clocks came from
I hope and trust that you will help me ob- the Japy Freres factory in the Jura Region
tain an answer not only for my client, but of the Franche Comte. The platform escape-
also for me! ments came from specialist manufacturers
Clifford Ellsworth, Sun City, Arizona along the French-Swiss border.
(Continued on page 40.)
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.Jitt~•el
:Racp
E~Fth
Blancpain Le Brassus,
8 Jours and Caliber 13RO
© Ron DeCorte 2006, all rights reserved
Ron DeCorte, CMW
:•
-?lou\:-:.
"1"".
IB
Bt.A,..;-CPAJN
Sometimes things are not as they seem. This I'll pause for a moment to set the stage in
is especially true in the Vallee de Joux Swit- more detail so as to make the remaining parts
zerland, home of the Blancpain manufacture. of this article a bit more clearly in terms of
So it was as I headed out from my small chronology. I first met the new Blancpain
apartment in the Vallee that all seemed quiet
on that mid-August morning, calm and se-
rene with little him of change in the air.
Five minutes later, arriving in Le Brassus,

things were much the same as I remembered.
The Blancpain manufacture (Figure 1), sit-
ting a few hundred meters up from the
village center, is deceiving in size and
understated presence. The only thing I knew
prior to opening the front door was that
Blancpain had a new movement they wan ted
to show me. What I learned during the
course of the day is that the wheels of de-
velopment can turn without disturbing the
tranquil environment of Vallee de Joux.
Figure 1

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Figure 3
Figure 2
13RO movement in August of 2006 and made all move-

ment photographs during that time at the Blancpain
manufacture in Bras sus. Upon my return to Switzer-
land in mid-October, I was able to photograph the
finished watch, "Le Brassus, 8 Jours" in Geneve. As a
matter of convenience, I will reverse the process in this
article bringing you first the finished watch and then the
movement details.
The "Le Bras sus, 8 J ours" is the first watch to use the
totally new 13RO movement, of in-house manufacture,
from Blancpain. It's the new 13RO movement that is
Figure 4
the star of this article (by the way that's a zero at the
end of the movement designation). Using three bar-
rels, the 13RO achieves 8 days of power reserve and ac-
cording to Blancpain will be the movement design they
will use as a base for some Blancpain watches, with the
possible exception of the tourbillons.
Available only in 0.950 platinum and limited to 260

pieces, the "Le Bras sus, 8 J ours" shows off its Blancpain
heritage with clean, simple, and classic design.
Figure 5
The dial is clear, free of extraneous clutter, and easy
to read (Figure 2). At the 12 o'clock position the
8-day power reserve indication is raised slightly above Several plates and/or bridges can be laid out on a single
the other markers. Applied hour markers are located plate of metal and machined simultaneously. In this
on the second tier, and a date window at 6 o'clock case, the center wheel bridge and escapement cock are
completes the dial functions. machined from a single block and the Geneve waves
are applied prior to the individual pieces being sepa-
The 13RO movement is decorated in typical high-grade rated (Figure 5).
finish with Geneve waves (Cote de Geneve). I suppose
this terminology has its roots in the wave patterns on Many of the larger jewels are set in "chiton-like" set-
Lake Geneve (Lac Leman). See Figure 3 and 4. tings (Figure 6 and 7). In earlier days gold chatons were
8 Horological Times January 2007

Figure 7
used to set the jewels and the chatons then set into the
plates and bridges. Times have changed. With today's
technology it's far more accurate to make a very pre-
cise hole for the jewel directly into the plate or bridge
and then make a sink, or recess, around the jewel that
gives the impression of a chaton-set-jewel. This isn't
an easy process but makes a great impression, and more
importantly establishes greater accuracy in wheel and
Figure 6 pinion placement.
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January 2007 Horolog ical Times 9

Figure 9
Figure 8
The balance wheels photographed in this article are of So here's how it all works together to provide an 8-day
two different colors: gold and gray. In both instances, power reserve for the 13RO: as the watch is wound (this
the balances are made from titanium, but in one case is a manual winding watch), the mainsprings of barrels
the titanium is plated with gold and in the other case "A" and "C" are wound in tandem since they are di-
not. Since making these movement photographs in rectly connected via their outer teeth. As barrels "A"
August, Blancpain has decided that the balance wheels and "C" gather strength together this power is trans-
will be natural titanium gray. ferred to barrel "D" that feeds the power directly to
the time train and the escapement. In a nutshell, bar-
The titanium balance wheel uses four timing (regulat- rels "A" and "C" are the power reserve that feed barrel
ing) screws to make fine timing adjustments. Given that "D", which is the stabilizer in the equation of power
titanium is incredibly light, it is the gold balance screws that is ultimately transferred to the escapement. It's
that are at the heart of timing regulation. via the external coupling of barrels "A" and "C" that
provides a consistent amount of power to barrel "D"
As for the timing screws, the head is of square shape rather so that the 13RO can maintain stable amplitude of power
than the usual slotted type. This shape facilitates easy to the escapement over the period of 8 days.
manipulation for the final timing, and also reduces the
possibility of damage via a typical screwdriver. Under the dial, the calendar mechanism is a bit unique
(Figure 9). When manually setting the date forward at
The balance spring is a Breguet-type overcoil and uses the end of certain months, wheel "A" engages with the
no regulator-in other words free sprung. date disc to move it forward. If trying to set the date in
reverse, the shape of wheel "A" disengages it from the
With the balance cock and barrel(s) bridge removed, date wheel and allows no action, or damage to the cal-
we can have a better look at how the three barrels work endar mechanism.
(Figure 8). Barrel "A" is the first barrel in the chain
and is directly connected to barrel "C" via their perim- On a day-to-day basis it is wheel "B" that makes one revo-
eter teeth. The mainsprings used in barrels "A" and "C" lution per day, and via the spring attached, moves the
are 0.09 mm thick, and importantly these mainsprings date ring one position, or one day in advance. Jumper
are not directly connected to the barrels but instead arm "C" and its tension spring "D" see to it that the cal-
use a slipping bridle the same as an automatic watch. endar disk is firmly positioned at each jump of the date.
Also connected to barrel "C" is the power reserve
mechanism "B". Barrel "C" and barrel "D" are directly For more information please visit the Blancpain web
connected via their barrel arbors by intermediate wheel site: www.blancpain.ch.
"E." Barrel "D" differs from barrels "A" and "C" in
that the mainspring is thicker, 0.10 mm, and is also di- This article is reprinted courtesy of Ron DeCorte and
rectly connected to the barrel at its outer end. TimeZone. com.
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• Information about emerging new master watchmakers and their creations
• Establishment of regional chapters where the collectors can meet and have guest
speakers from noteworthy watchmaking factories.
• Question and Answer service by Stewart Unger, noted watch authority & author.
• Annual meeting at the Concours d'Elegance at the summer Jewelers of America
Show held at the Javits Center in New York.
• A book club.
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The Modern German Clock
',,/
~ ·.
Movement
Regula Cuckoo Movement Specifications and Retrofitting Hints
Mark Butterworth
Part 68
In Part 61 Hubert Herr cuckoo movements The Regula movement comes in both a two-
were discussed and Regula information was weight time and strike as well as a three-
promised. Regula brand cuckoo movements weight with dancer platform. If ordering the
are the major ones used by volume and are movement, it is important to know that the
used by nearly all manufacturers of finished pendulum length is measured from the sus-
cuckoo clocks with the exception of Hubert pension post to the center of the leaf or bob
Herr. It is now a part of a much larger com- on the stick. If the proper length is not
pany SBS and the actual manufacturing takes known, the back of the stick usually has a
place in the small village of Schonau only smooth part to mark the original location.
about 6 km outside of Triberg. This is also If even that is in doubt, choose the middle
the village where the Anton Schneider of the stick. If the movement has an attached
cuckoo clocks are manufactured and the platform, the manufacturer measures the
two factories are only a few blocks from one height of the platform (in mm) from the top
another. We visited the factories and the of the movement and that information be-
area in September 2006 and they are comes part of the movement number on the
indeed beautiful sights. Please see Figures one-day series. As an example, the model
1-3 showing final assembly and testing of 25/24 indicates that it is a one-day unit se-
finished clocks at the Anton Schneider ries 25 with a platform 24 mm above the top
factory. Many of these workers have spent of the movement. One major supplier, Black
their entire working lifetimes in these Forest Imports, uses the height of the plat-
factories. form (in inches) from the hand shaft in its
catalogue specifications.
Figure 1. Final
assembly of cuckoo
clocks at Anton
Schneider.

Figure 2. Testing offinished clocks. Figure 3. Testing offinished clocks.
A question often asked regards a series 25 movement In addition, one manufacturer, Anton Schneider has
with a governor attached directly to the side of the the dancer unit as a separate unit from the cuckoo
movement. It also had a very low clear plastic base for movement. As a result, only a two-weight movement
a rotating dancer table. This movement was marketed need be ordered, even though the entire clock is a three-
by and stamped "Schmeckenbecker". The firm was a weight clock.
major distributor of finished clocks from the Black
Forest and is now out of business. Unfortunately that If one is going to exchange the movement, it is a rela-
unit is no longer made. tively simple procedure if one takes care to check both
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Phone: 952.545.2725 Fax: 952.545.4715 • USA: 800.328.6009 Fax: 800.328.6001

107fll

Table 1: REGULA on the new unit back in place.
Transferring the parts on the
Table back is even easier and it is not
Series Weights Days Pendulum Height necessary to split the plates. Re-
move the following parts in or-
R25 (73 x 63 mm) 2 1 19.5 em None
der-the hammer, top bellow
R25L 2 1 23.5 em None
wire, lower bellow wire-by ro-
R25/24 3 1 19.5 em 2.4 em
tating the part counterclockwise
R25/24L 3 1 23.5 em 2.4 em
a half turn. They slip right out.
R25/41 (73 x 73 mm) 3 1 23.5 em 4.1 em
Remove the ones from the old
R25/41S 3 1 19.5 em 4.1 em
unit the same way. Install these
R25/51 3 1 23.5 em 5.1 em
parts in the new unit in the op-
R34 (85 x 76 mm) 2 8 19.5 em None
R34/44 3 8 28.5 em 4.7 em
posite order starting with the
R34/46 3 8 23.5 em 4.7em
lower bellow wire, then the top
R34/59 2 8 40.0 em None
wire, and finally the hammer
R34/63 2 8 23.5 em None wire. Order is important!
R34/66 2 8 28.5 em None
R34/ASO 2 8 23.5 em None If one has a unit with dancer
R35 (77 x 75 mm) 2 28.5 em None table, transfer the dancers.
R70/10 3 28.5 em None Finally, if there is a music box,
R71 3 1 28.5 em Quail often activator wire is attached
R72/11 3 8 40.0 em 2 wires to the old unit. It is important
R72/12 3 8 28.5 em 2 wires to carefully note the position of
R72/16BL 3 8 60.0 em 4.7 em the wire relative to some refer-
R72/61 3 8 28.5 em None ence point before transferring to
minimize the adjustments
1 inch =2.54 em =25.4 mm needed later.
Table height measured from top of movement
Pendulum length: measured from the suspension post to the center of the pendulum leaf.
Table 1 shows the basic model
19.5 em = 7% inch 40 em = 15% inch
23.5 em =914 inch 60 em =235fe inch numbers and specifications.
28.5 em = 1114 inch Also note that in the 72 series,
where two birds' wires are indi-
Beat rates (courtesy Black Forest Imports) cated, that one is for a seated
19.5 em 8213 bph
23.5 7443 man. The 71 series is both
28.5 6723 cuckoo and quail.
Finally, make two thin wooden

strips to lie on top of the rack
the original unit and the replacement to insure they are used for testing grandfather movements so that the
either exactly the same or can be made so. The key cuckoo clock can be set on the rack with the back fac-
operation in making the job simple is to transfer the ing the observer. In that way final adjustments for beat
bird wire on the front as well as the hammer and two set and music activation can be made more easily.
bellow wires on the back from the old unit to the new
one. The bird wire in the front is transferred by first Final thought: ''All watchmakers have bad knees from
opening up the top and bottom tabs on the original spending half their days on the floor looking for parts."-
unit holding it in place. The bird wire can then be ] erry Walker
slipped right out. I should add that I actually remove
the bird wire from the new unit first. Then while re- Acknowledgements:
moving the bird wire from the old unit hold the ten- Anton Schneider Clock Co.
sion spring in place so that it can be put on the new Black Forest Imports
unit in exactly the same position. That way there is no Butterworth Clocks, Inc.
guessing as to the proper tension as long as it had the 0
right tension to begin with. Then simply crimp the tabs

AWCI ACADEMY OF
WATCHMAKING CLASSES
Manuel Yazijian, CMW Instructor
AWCI is offering a series of watchmaking classes throughout 2006 and 2007. The series will consist of
5-day sessions covering a variety of subject matter. Each 5-day block will cost $600.00; 3-day block
$360.00. For additional information, contact Education Coordinator, Nancy Wellmann
nwellmann@awci.com or call (866) 367-2924, ext. 303. Class information is also available at
www.awci.com
January 8-12, 2007 Introduction to the Watchmaker's Lathe

February 5-9, 2007 Modern Mechanical Chronographs, Servicing and Adjusting
February 26-28, 2007 Modern Automatic Watch Repair (3-day course)
March 12-16, 2007 Basic Watch Repair, Servicing and Adjusting
March 26-30, 2007 ETA Products -Alessandro Betti, Instructor
April 16-20, 2007 Introduction to Basic Quartz Watches & Quartz Chronographs
May 7-11, 2007 Modern Mechanical Chronographs
June 11-15,2007 Introduction to the Watchmaker's Lathe
June 25-29, 2007 Precision Timing & Adjustment
July 9-13, 2007 Modern Mechanical Chronographs, Servicing and Adjusting
August 27-29, 2007 Modern Automatic Watch Repair (3-day course)
October 22-26, 2007 Basic Watch Repair, Servicing and Adjusting
November 5-9, 2007 Introduction to Basic Quartz Watches & Quartz Chronographs
AWCI CERTIFICATION EXAM SCHEDULE

Certified Watchmaker & Certified Master Watchmaker
January 22-25, 2007 AWCI Training Facility Harrison, OH
February 19-22, 2007 AWCI Training Facility Harrison, OH
March 19-22, 2007 AWCI Training Facility Harrison, OH
April 2-5, 2007 AWCI Training Facility Harrison, OH
May 21-24, 2007 AWCI Training Facility Harrison, OH
June 18-21, 2007 North Seattle Community College Seattle, WA
July 23-26, 2007 Saint Paul College (FULL*) Saint Paul, MN
August 20-23, 2007 Oklahoma State University Okmulgee, OK
August 27-30, 2007 Lititz Watch Technicum Lititz, PA
September 17-20, 2007 AWCI Training Facility Harrison, OH
October 1-4, 2007 AWCI Training Facility Harrison, OH
* Please call to be added to the waiting list.
To register for an exam or for more information contact

Education Coordinator, Nancy Wellmann at nwellmann@awci.com
or call toll free 1-866-FOR-AWCI (367-2924)

Dive Watches Take the Plunge
By Gary Crighton
Or to put it more accurately, the only way to guaran- While the recommended test equipment is not cheap
tee the water resistance of dive watches with absolute and the tests themselves are time consuming, it could
certamty. be a lot more expensive if you need to replace your
customer's expensive diving watch due to water dam-
My article, "Using and Understanding Waterproof age to the dial and hands, and a movement that now
Testing Machines," appeared in the August 2001 issue looks like something that Mel Fischer found on the
of Horological Times. This follow-up article, a few years Atocha!
later than intended, deals specifically with subjecting
the watch case to a pressure test in water. This is ex- In my opinion, based on hundreds of tests and experi-
actly how it would be used in real life, so it is appropri- ments that I have done over many years, I have found
ate to subject it to a battery of tests that mirror real that it is only necessary to subject sports and divers
world conditions as closely as possible. watches that are intended for continual use and sub-
mersion in water to the following tests. For watches
that are only intended to be used occasionally in water,
a test with a good quality dry testing machine is
sufficient.
While the basics of the test are rather straightforward

and easy, getting consistent and reliable results is an
entirely different matter. Reading through the litera-
ture of the various watch companies one can see that
they all have their own methodology for conducting
these tests. For example, some companies subject the
watch case to a pressure test at its rated depth plus 10%,
while others test it to a pressure 25% higher than its
rated depth. Some companies leave it in the pressure
chamber for 15 minutes, while others recommend that
the watch case be submerged for more than 2 hours.
Through extensive trial and error I have found that the

following test procedure offers absolutely 100% reli-
able and consistent results as long as it is followed
closely.
Before we discuss the individual steps of the test

procedure, I think that it's best to recap the units and
values used to measure pressure. I have paraphrased
the following paragraph from my first article:
One bar equals one atmosphere of pressure. This

Figure 1 is approximately 1 kilogram per square centi-
16 Horolog ical Times January 2007

meter in metric units, or 14.7 pounds per square
Modele PR1 Modeii/Model
inch in English units. How were these numbers
derived? The column of air above a square cen-
timeter at sea level, extending all the way up to
where the atmosphere ends (approximately 7
miles high), or a square inch as the case may be,
weighs approximately this amount. That is the
amount of pressure exerted on that area. A col-
umn of seawater extending 10 meters (approxi-
mately 33 feet) above the same sized area exerts
the same amount of pressure. From this we can
see that 1 bar is the equivalent of 10 meters depth
in seawater. Keep in mind though, that as far as
both the diver and the watch case are concerned,
a diver 10 meters deep is subjected to an abso-
lute pressure of 2 bars. One bar of pressure from
the weight of the seawater, and the additional Figure 2
bar from the weight of air pressing down on the
water and everything in it. The pressures de-
scribed in this article are the gauge pressure val-
ues. The gauge pressure values are values
After extensive testing, I found that I got equally ac-
above the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, at
curate results if the watch case was subjected to both
the sea level, gauge pressure = 0 Bar (psig).
the high and low pressure tests for 1 hour each. There-
fore, the total time that the watch case was under pres-
All tests were conducted personally by me using the Roxer
sure was 2 hours.
Natator 40 (see Figure 1) which is a compact manually
operated desktop machine that weighs about 7kg and can
At first this might seem excessive, but I disagree. Hav-
simulate a pressure of up to 40 bars. That is the maxi-
ing just come back from a scuba diving holiday in Ha-
mum pressure it can produce inside the test chamber and
waii, we did a number of dives where we were under-
it is the equivalent of the watch case being taken down to
water for well over an hour. Admittedly not to a great
a depth of 400 meters (about 1,300 ft).
depth, but I'm only a recreational sport diver, and one
should also take into account the requirements of pro-
Out of all the watch companies whose waterproof test
fessional tech divers who will definitely push both their
procedures I'm aware of, Omega has the most strin-
bodies and watches to the limit. So I honestly feel that
gent test by far. This doesn't surprise me, as they are
this is the minimum test requirement if one wants to
one of the few companies to guarantee the integrity of
achieve accurate and reliable results.
their watch cases while allowing the pushers of their
chronographs to be operated under water. Breitling and
After the pressure test the watch case should be care-
Tag Heuer are two others that come to mind, but I'm
fully dried off and heated on a controlled heating pad
not familiar with their test methodology. Most other
to a maximum temperature of 38 degrees Centigrade
companies explicitly state that their watches' chrono-
(100 degrees Fahrenheit) for about 15 to 20 minutes.
graph pushers should not be operated while the watch
Roxer's Plarox PR1 or PR3 is ideal for this (see Figure
case is wet.
2). This part of the test is absolutely critical. If the tem-
perature is too low, then one won't get a sufficient tem-
Omega suggests that the watch case be subjected to a
perature differential between the air in the case and the
pressure test at its rated depth plus 25% for a period of
cold spot on the crystal, and so any moisture in the
2 hours-i.e., a watch case guaranteed water resistant
case won't condense and hence won't be visible. A
to 300m (m = meters) should be subjected to a pres-
higher temperature also ensures sufficient air move-
sure of 3712 bars (a pressure equivalent to a depth of
ment inside the case so that the moisture will condense
375 m). The pressure should then be reduced to ap-
on the crystal's cold spot.
proximately Y2 a bar in less than 1 minute and held steady
at the reduced pressure for 1 hour. Trust me, many watch
cases that passed the condensation test after being sub-
If the case temperature is too high and a small amount
of water has leaked into it, condensation may only be
jected to the pressure test for only 15 minutes, failed when
visible for a very short time, if at all. My experiments
subjected to Omega's more stringent requirements.
Figure 4
Roxer S. A., Switzerland's premier producer of high

pressure waterproof testing equipment, foresaw the
inconsistencies resulting from using cold water for the
condensation test and therefore came up with an inge-
nious design to eliminate these shortcomings. The
Roxer Revelator (see Figure 3) is a test apparatus de-
signed and made by them, which eliminates the afore-
mentioned foibles. As can be seen from the picture, it
consists of a small platform on which the watch case
Figure 3 rests and has a heating element built into it. It also has
a metal rod above the heating element that is refriger-
ated while the platform below it warms up. Conve-
have shown that increasing the temperature above 38 niently, both the cold and hot temperatures can be easily
degrees Centigrade by even a few degrees can reduce and accurately preset via the controls on the front panel.
the time that the condensation is visible by as much as An LCD panel with digital readout confirms the tem-
10 seconds. This is especially critical if there is only a perature settings. When the watch case has been heated
tiny amount of condensation in the case in the first to the preset temperature for the desired amount of
place. Also, by not heating up the case too much, one time, the cold element is brought into contact with the
can therefore use cooler water in order to create a larger watch crystal and held in contact with it for the prede-
temperature differential without fear of the crystal termined amount of time. After the preset contact time
cracking. has elapsed, the cold element moves away from the
watch crystal. All the tester needs to do now is to visu-
On the subject of using refrigerated water in order to ally check to see if there is any condensation under the
create a temperature differential between the air trapped crystal where the cold element came into contact with
inside the watch case and the crystal, I honestly don't it. If the crystal is free of condensation, one can then
believe that this produces consistently accurate or reli- confidently guarantee that the watch case is water re-
able results. There are a number of reasons for this, all sistant to its rated depth.
of which were borne out by me through extensive tests
and experiments. The two main reasons for this is that The Roxer Revelator ensures a more accurate and reli-
water is an excellent conductor of heat, so a droplet of able condensation test for a number of reasons. Namely
cold water will warm up to room temperature in short that it is less affected both by ambient temperature and
order; due both to the preheated watch crystal and the the warmth of the watch crystal. Equally important is
comparatively warm air in the room. Secondly, the mass the fact that the temperature of the cold element is more
in one drop of water is so tiny that it will reach ambi- accurately set and maintained. The latter becomes more
ent temperature very quickly, even if the tests are con- important with the thicker watch crystals that are be-
ducted in a relatively cool room. ing installed into many divers watches these days.

Figure 5 Figure 6
Now for those of you who run small watch repair shops, case with a dry waterproof tester prior to submersion
or don't repair that many divers watches to justify the in water so that any major problems can be picked up
expense of the aforementioned test equipment, fear not and corrected immediately.
because I have devised a set up that closely mimics the
results of the Roxer Revelator. Of course this set up is After the watch case has spent the requisite amount of
a little bit more work and takes longer, but the savings time in the pressure chamber and been subjected to
justify it; that is as long as one is not testing too many both the high- and low-pressure test, it is then removed
watches, or one might just as well go ahead and pur- from the chamber and thoroughly dried off. In order
chase the professionally made equipment. to dry it faster and more thoroughly, it is preferable to
use compressed air to blow off the excess water if pos-
As can be seen from Figure 4, I use a temperature con- sible. The watch case is then placed on the heating ele-
trolled Bergeon escapement heater. Due to the fact that ment for about 15 to 20 minutes. The thicker the case
this is just a simple rheostat controlled heater, the tem- and crystal, the longer it should be allowed to warm
perature does fluctuate slightly, even if preset to the up.
exact same number, due to fluctuations in the line volt-
age. So I use my old photographic thermometer to When the case has been warmed up sufficiently, remove
monitor the temperature of the heater (see Figure 5). the brass weight from the freezer and place it on the
For the cold element I first tried an old brass main- center of the crystal for about 45 seconds (see Figure
spring winding drum, but felt that its mass was too 6). The time can be increased to one minute if the crys-
small because it didn't remain cold for too long. So I tal is excessively thick-thicker than 3.5 rom. After
switched to a modified brass mainspring winding removing the weight give the crystal a quick wipe with
handle. Ideally any brass rod that is approximately a clean dry cloth just in case any moisture has con-
15 mm in diameter (slightly larger than a drop of wa- densed on the outside of it. The latter is especially im-
ter), 50 mm in length and has sufficient mass should portant in humid environments. Use a bright bench
suffice. If the rod is too short it will cool down too lamp and a loupe to check for condensation under the
quickly, and if it's too long it won't be stable when crystal. If there isn't any, one can then guarantee that
placed onto the watch crystal, especially a convex the watch case is 100% water resistant to its rated depth.
shaped one. Be sure to smooth the side that comes into
contact with the watch crystal so that it doesn't scratch Note that there are a few scenarios that can result in
the anti-glare coating that many of them have these condensation under the crystal even although the in-
days. tegrity of the case is 100% intact (see Figure 7). The
most common reason for this is that it hasn't been dried
It is preferable to test the watch case without the move- out sufficiently after it was washed. Especially if it is a
ment first in order to prevent water damage to the dial chronograph and was washed without removing the
and hands, and to avoid the expense of servicing the pushers as moisture can easily become trapped in those
movement again. I also highly recommend testing the tmy spaces.

didn't happen the second time when I heated up the
case to body temperature. I then sealed the case in that
unrealistically hot and humid environment. After do-
ing the condensation test as laid out above, only a tiny
amount of condensation could be seen under the crys-
tal and it dissipated after only a few seconds. Seeing as
no watchmaker will seal watch cases under such condi-
tions, one can confidently assume that any moisture
or condensation that is visible after the water pressure
and condensation tests is obviously a result of the
integrity of the case having been compromised.
If a watch case has failed either the dry waterproof test

or the condensation test one must then try to deter-
mine the cause and location of the leak (e.g., defective
Figure 7
crown, faulty gasket, cracked crystal, etc.). One can
then use either the Bergeon 5555 or Greiner WPL-310
Please note that this test will definitely NOT show any pressure testing machines or the Roxer Diabolic-E
condensation if the case is sealed in a humid environ- vacuum machine to locate the source of the leak. All of
ment. Although there will be a minuscule amount of the aforementioned machines raise the air pressure in-
moisture in there, the volume, especially with the move- side the watch case significantly higher than the ambi-
ment inside, will be insufficient for enough moisture ent water pressure. When the air leaks out in order to
to condense in order for it to be seen, regardless of equalize the difference in pressure between the two,
how humid the environment is, as long as the integrity the stream of air bubbles permits easy identification of
of the case has not been compromised. The only ex- its source.
ception that I have found to the latter was when I did
the following experiment on an empty watch case that Once again I am indebted to Dan Fenwick of the
I knew from prior tests to be 100% water resistant. I Swatch Group who has been an enormous help to me
got the idea for this test from Henry Fried's excellent over the years for answering my many technical ques-
book, The Principles of Waterproofing Watches. I tions. And to John Hager and Joseph Presti of
switched on the hot water in my tiny shower until it Vibrograf U.S.A. for their help in answering my ques-
resembled a steam room. The steam was so thick in the tions about the equipment that they import and for
air that I could barely see my bathroom mirror from sending me the relevant technical info whenever I re-
two feet away. While I waited for the steam to fill my quested it. Thanks for your help and support.
bathroom I heated the open watch case and case back
to body temperature. I failed to do this the first time Roxer equipment can be purchased from their official
that I did this experiment, and when I took the cool agents here in the U.S.A. - Vibrograf U.S.A. Corp.
case into my extremely hot and humid bathroom, both Telephone (516) 437-8700. More info about all of their
the inside and outside of the case were covered in a products can be found on their web site online at
fine mist of water droplets in less than a second. This www.vibrografusa.com. 0

BULLETIN In Remembrance
BOARD
AWCI has been notified of the passing of
NEW REQUESTS the following members:
Harley Davidson Watches
We are looking for the distributor for Harley Davidson INDIANA
watches. Cinotto, William R. -Whiting, IN
ITEMS STILL NEEDED ILLINOIS

Mido Multifort Supermatic Water Tester Schroeder, T. William - Chicago, IL
Gaetan Demers, Lawrence, MA, is looking for parts and an
instruction manual for a Mido Multifort Supermatic Water
Tester.
NEW JERSEY
Chou, Scott - Mahwah, NJ
Sir Francis Drake Falling Ball Clock Frystak, Henry - Linden, NJ
Gordon Beach, Yuma, AZ, is looking for technical/parts in-
formation for a Sir Francis Drake Falling Ball Clock, 1981,
made in England.
Do you have information regarding this month's requests? Do you need

information about one of this month's responses? If so, send your infor-
mation or requests to: Horological Times Bulletin Board; 701 Enterprise
Drive; Harrison, OH 45030-1696; Toll-Free: 1-866-367-2924, ext. 307;
Phone: (513) 367-9800; Fax: (513) 367-1414; E-mail: dbaas@awci.com
0
Automatic infrasonic watcti cleaner. Ultrasonic watch cleaner. Automatic and programmable.
Affordably priced, dependable to Economical to operate. Vibrasonic watch cleaner.
operate,solidly built, Perfect for the small shop. Deluxe- top of the line.
For more intormation~or VIBROGRAF U.S.A. CORP.
the name of your local 504 Cherry Lane, Floral Park, NY 11001
distributor contact: Tel: (516) 437-8700 Fax: (516) 437-8708

From the Workshop
Jack Kurdzionak, CW
You Are Invited followed his instructions and to their aston-

Do you have a solution to a watch or clock ishment, found the problem solved. GE man-
repair problem that you want to share with agement asked Mr. Steinmetz to submit a bill
our membership? Do you have a question for his services, which he did with no item-
about a repair problem you would like to ization, for $1,000. Unaccustomed to that
ask? I invite you to participate in this col- type of bill, GE's accountant asked Prof.
umn with your suggestions, questions, and Steinmetz to itemize it, which he did as fol-
comments. It is easy. Just e-mail me at lows: Making chalk mark, $1; knowing where
A WCI <magazine@awci.com> or write to place the mark, $999; total, $1,000.
using the old standby known as the postal
service. You can even fax me at 513-367- Prof. Steinmetz's itemized bill recognized
1414. the value of his service as much greater than
the chalk mark he made and the instructions
I will do my best to help you help the mem- he gave to the engineering staff. Anyone can
bership. By sharing your questions and sug- make a chalk mark and give instructions, but
gestions, all of our members can benefit only his mark and instructions, supported
from our combined knowledge and experi- by his vast knowledge and skill set, could
ence. The ideas, tools, techniques, and prod- solve the problem. Prof. Steinmetz recog-
ucts presented in this column suggested by nized that diagnostic skill was a specialized
the author and any manufacturer, supplier, talent, not necessarily included in the skill
advertiser, or AWCI itself does not endorse set of the average electrical engineer. His bill
contributing members. to GE reflected true value for his unique skill,
to the chagrin of GE's management.
Chalk Talk
In the early 1900s, General Electric's engi- Professional watch and clock makers may
neering staff was unable to solve a problem possess, without realizing they do, a special-
with one of their generators. After spend- ized set of skills, talents, and knowledge that
ing countless hours without making any they provide to clients, often without com-
progress toward the solution, they called mensurate compensation. What are your spe-
upon a former employee, Charles P. cialized skills, talents, and knowledge? Have
Steinmetz, as a consultant to see if he could you inventoried them lately? List them on a
help with the problem generator. Steinmetz, sheet of paper. You may be very surprised
a professor of electrical engineering, stud- when you realize the extent of your knowl-
ied the generator for several hours, made edge and capabilities.
numerous slide rule calculations, and finally
marked the side of the generator case with Can you make replacement parts such as
a chalk mark. He instructed the GE engi- balance staffs, barrels, wheels, and pinions?
neers to cut open the case at the chalk mark Watch and clock makers with these skills are
and make some changes in the wiring at that not common.
area of the generator. They meticulously

Do you have diagnostic skills so that you can examine Exclusionary Clause
a timepiece and quickly and accurately determine the Two sets of documents met on this writer's desk last
nature of a problem? This is a specialized skill. week. The first was a copy of the renewal of a
homeowner's insurance policy and the second was
Do you have the ability to manage a complete repair AWCI's recently published business survey of watch
department that has other employees and parts and clock makers. According to A WCI's survey, 48%
inventory? of the respondents work as independent contractors
from their homes. That fact in itself is not surprising
Is your shop well equipped with up to date equipment as watch and clock makers historically have operated
required for the service of many luxury brand watches? their businesses from their homes. What the survey did
If so, you have made a substantial capital investment in not ask was what percentage of these home-based work-
your shop that makes your shop a desirable place to ers carry a business insurance policy to cover any po-
have a timepiece repaired. tential liability that can arise from operating a home-
based business? There is no reliable database to answer
Are you A WCI or WOSTEP certified? Certified watch that question, but it would not be surprising if the
and clock makers are in demand in the marketplace. In majority of home-based businesses are either uninsured
addition to the suggestions above, many more items or under insured. Many homeowners assume that their
can be included in one's inventory of skills, talents, and standard broad coverage policy will cover all situations
knowledge. Your personal list is an outline of the tal- that may arise regardless if it is business related or not.
ents you bring to the marketplace when you seek em- Anyone making that assumption should read the sec-
ployment or operate your own business. Remember tion of the policy titled "Exclusions that apply to li-
Prof. Steinmetz's bill for the chalk mark. You must ability coverage." This section states: "Bodily injury or
know where to put the chalk mark if you wish proper property damage resulting from activities related to the
compensation for your work, and be willing to ask for business of an insured are excluded, except as provided
that compensation. by Incidental Business Coverage."
Jack Kurdzionak
706 S. Hill St., #580

~ Tel: (213) 622-1687
Los Angeles, CA 90014 SMITH SUPPLY HOUSE Fax: (213) 488-0922
LOS ANGELES
Watch Materials, Supplies & Tools Watch Battery Distributor
MAINSPRING WINDERS
TO FIT
LADY'S ROLEX CAL. 1400/2030/2035/2130/2135/2230/2235
MAN'S ROLEX CAL. 1530/3035/3135
$59.75 each
SMITH SUPPLY HOUSE IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH OR SPONSORED BY ROLEX WATCH U.S.A.
THE ROLEX WARRANTY DOES NOT APPLY TO GENERIC REPLACEMENT PARTS SUPLIED BY SMITH SUPPLY HOUSE.
YOUR SUPPLIER OF SPARE PARTS FOR ALL BRANDS OF

lr Vl£4 _I MECHANICAL AND QUARTZ WATCHES, CLOCKS AND ALARMS
CALL TOLL FREE (800) 23-SMITH

3~ VISIT OUR WEB SITES
www.smithsupplyhouse.com & www.watchpartonline.com

Any watch or clock maker operating from a home, with- package. He checked a few more from the same sup-
out business coverage, is exposed to damages resulting plier and they all were improperly packaged. All of the
from bodily injury or property damage. Customer's packages labeled 0.16 mm had 0.14 mm mainsprings
timepieces are not covered by insurance if they are lost, enclosed. OK he thought, this supplier made an error.
damaged, burned, or stolen while in an uninsured home- He purchased several more of 0.16 mm mainsprings in
based business. Business related visitors are also not sealed packages from an alternate source with a differ-
covered for bodily injury. Homeowner's insurance will ent brand label. This other supplier improperly labeled
not cover any loss that can be related to the business this lot of mainsprings. They also measured 0.14 mm
use of a private home. There is no reason to expose but the package label said they were 0.16 mm.
oneself to liability because of a home-based business.
If you operate an uninsured home-based business, call Why does this happen? Regardless of brand, American
your insurance agent to discuss additional coverage for importers purchase replacement mainsprings, in bulk
your home to protect you and your business. Extended lots, almost exclusively from one Swiss manufacturer.
coverage for your home business is reasonable in cost The original specifications for these mainsprings were
for the peace of mind it provides. You will rest easier in American, not metric units, which is a source of con-
knowing that your home and personal assets are pro- fusion to the mainspring manufacturer. In addition, the
tected from liability claims. varying end piece designs on these mainsprings (hole-
Jack Kurdzionak end, T-end, brace end, double brace and hole, and single
brace) seem to cause manufacturing problems. Very
"It Ain't Necessarily So" (Porgy and Bess by George often, the T-ends and brace end pieces do not fit the
and Ira Gershwin) mainspring barrels without some alteration. Some Elgin
"It ain't necessarily so mainsprings with double brace and hole ends will not
De things dat yo' liable to read in de Bible fit the barrel because the distance between the brace
It ain't necessarily so" end the hole at the mainspring's end is incorrect.
One member agrees with the Gershwins when he reads After the mainsprings arrive here in the USA, the vari-
the label on a watch mainspring package. He called and ous importers repackage them under their own brand
related a situation he had with Waltham 12-size main- names for resale to the trade. If the Swiss manufac-
springs (factory ref. 2224A). These mainsprings are turer makes a measurement error in his shipment, each
available in three strengths (0.14 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.16 distributor repeats that error again when he repacks
mm) from several importers to accommodate the vary- them for resale, that is unless the distributor checks
ing grades (7-23 jewels) of the 12-size Waltham. The the accuracy of each lot of mainsprings received. Re-
strongest mainsprings (0.16 mm) are for the watches member the words from the Porgy and Bess opera, "It
with the lowest jewel count. Conversely, the weakest ain't necessarily so" whenever you read the label on a
mainspring (0.14 mm) is for those watches with the mainspring package. What is in the package may not
highest jewel count. The medium strength mainspring exactly match what is stated on the label.
(0.15) is for all others with an intermediate jewel count. Jack Kurdzionak
This seems simple enough. Read the mainspring cata- Alternative Mainsprings
log, determine the mainspring required, and select the What do you do when you cannot obtain the exact
proper mainspring for the job at hand according to the mainspring required for a watch repair? This is when,
label on the package. If all goes according to the book, in the words of Boston's most experienced material
the watch will run, and run well. That is, if the main- supplier, the late Irving Cohen, "Sometimes you have
spring in the package is the one that is supposed to be to be a watchmaker." In the case of the 12-size Waltham
in the package. Just because the label states that the mentioned above, there are alternative solutions as there
enclosed mainspring is 0.16 mm; it does not mean that are for many others. Any American watch barrel with
is what is enclosed. The watchmaker fitted the stron- a hook on the wall, and that means many Waltham
gest mainspring to a seven-jewel movement he had over- models as well as most Elgins, can use a tongue end,
hauled but the resultant balance amplitude was not suf- Swiss-style mainspring if it has the proper dimensions.
ficient. He checked and rechecked the movement find- The 12-size, seven-jewel Waltham can use a tongue end
ing no movement faults. Then he removed the main- mainspring that is 2.10 x 0.17 x 19),-1 supplied by both
spring and measured its strength with a micrometer. Bestfit and Newall. The mainspring is slightly narrower
Sure enough, it measured 0.14 mm. It was the weakest and slightly stronger than the original, but it is an ad-
mainspring for a 12-size Waltham in the wrong equate substitute. Notice that mainsprings are still sold

with mixed dimensions. For instance, the mainspring
cited above is listed with metric width and strength and
American inches for length. It can also be listed with AWCI Directors'
Dennison measurements of 12 x 6 x 19Y2. It is not sur-
prising that a Swiss manufacturer can make a mistake
E-mail Address Directory
dealing with our American system for mainspring
dimensions. Director AWCI E-mail Address
Dennis Warner: President dwamer@ awci.com
Mainsprings with brace ends or T-ends often need to
have the end piece adjusted in several dimensions to fit Mark Butterworth: 1st Vice President mbutterworth@ awei .com
the hole in the barrel and barrel cover. Experienced Gene Bertram: 2nd Vice President gbertram@ awci.com
watchmakers have long known that most 18-size Matt Henning: Secretary mhenning@awci.com
American pocket watches used very similar main- Jack Kurdzionak: Treasurer jkurdzionak@ awci.com
springs, which may be interchanged without causing
Mark Baker mbaker@awci.com
any problems. A T-end mainspring designed for an 18-
size Waltham will fit a Rockford, South Bend, Glenn D. Gardner ggardner@ awei. com
Hampden, and several other American watches. Always Roland (Ron) Iverson riverson@ awci.com
use the correct mainspring, if one is available for the James Sadilek jsadilek@ awci.com
watch at hand. When one is no longer available, use an
James Zimmerman jzimmerman@ awei. com
appropriate substitute that will function properly and
not cause any collateral problems because it is the wrong Wes Cutter: Affiliate Chapter Director wcutter@ awci.com
width, strength, or length. Elbert Lewis: REG Director elewis@ awci.com
Jack Kurdzionak Jack Kurdzionak: lAB Director jkurdzionak@ awci.com
0
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Repairing a Hole End Spring
By David J. Carlson
A number of clocks using hole end mainsprings often repaired using a squared hole with slightly rounded
require mainspring replacement or repair. The repair- corners. It is a poor repair because the hole is off
able time and strike mainsprings from a French clock center, too close to the end of the mainspring, and not
movement are shown in Figure 1. The springs were still long enough, which makes it more difficult to load and
functional but subject to failure. unload the mainspring barrel. A rounded hole is pre-
ferred because it is a better fit with the barrel hook and
The torn hole in the mainspring on the left in Figure 1 has less chance of a fault, a nick for example, which can
can happen spontaneously, but it is more often there- cause mainspring failure.
sult of heavy-handed winding or an overly large wind-
ing key, sometimes both. The spring on the right is Repair procedure for a hole end spring:
1. Cut off the end of the mainspring with the damaged

hole section as shown in Figure 2. (During manufac-
ture, the temper was drawn in the hole end area so a
metal cutting shear can easily do the job.)
2. With a torch, move the temper back for at least the

length of the piece that was cut off, Figure 2.
3. Using a hole punch, Figure 3, punch a hole approxi-

mately two times the diameter of the barrel hook a half-
inch from the end of the spring, Figure 4. (Don't make
Figure 1. Defective hole end mainsprings.
Q
Figure 2. Cut off defective hole end. Figure 3. Hole punch.

Figure 5. Oval and round files.
Figure 4. After hole punch.
the distance from the end of the spring too long or it 4. Two files, Figure 5, were used in shaping the hole:
will be hard to reload the spring into the barrel or too one is a tapered round file and the second is a small
short so there is not enough strength.) oval file. Square files should be avoided to prevent leav-
ing a nick, which can be the site of a future failure.
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Figure 6. From L toR, steps in filing hole.
Figure 7. Wire forming pliers.
5. The hole shaping procedure is shown schematically

in Figure 6. Starting on the left with the punched hole,
use the tapered round file to shape the hole in a form
of a keyhole. The keyhole is then filed into a pear shape.
Make sure there are no rough spots!
6. To complete the job use a wire shaping pliers, Fig-

ure 7, to bend out the end of the hole. The result of
this action is visible on the upper part of the hole in the
left spring, Figure 8. Note that the end of the spring is
also gently curved at the same time. This shaping makes
it easier to capture the barrel hook when reloading the
mainspring into the barrel. Figure 8. Finishing the hole end.
Reducing comebacks due to mainspring related failures:
Check the winding key to make sure it is a good fit on The clock was a valuable antique therefore no modifi-
the winding arbors. Keys that are too loose can round cations were made to the case or dial. A note was fas-
up with time and suddenly release the winding arbor. tened in the case indicating that the original movement
The click can fail to lock, causing a potentially damag- and bands were saved separately, if some future owner
ing spring expansion. If the customer does not bring wanted to restore it.
in the key with the clock, request them to do so when
the clock is picked up. Customers will generally coop- The heavy-handed customer is a problem; tearing out
erate and appreciate your concern. the end of a spring as explained above or rupturing the
body of the mainspring. A winding demonstration
The same problem can happen during winding if the when the clock is picked up can minimize this
key is released too quickly between detent positions problem.
and the click fails to lock.
When it is time for service, a clock usually starts to run
Complaints of "insufficient running time" in a prop- for shorter periods of time for the same amount of
erly serviced clock are usually caused by underwinding winding. Some customers will try to "fix" the problem
the mainsprings. Customers with arthritis, for example, by winding the clock much tighter, which of course
may be helped by giving them a key with a larger "but- doesn't help. If they inquire about the problem, a care-
terfly". For one customer with very severe arthritis, fully thought out answer can be the basis for a profit-
the only solution was to install a quartz movement. able overhaul.
0

Ohio
Brandewie, Bill-Dayton, OH
Hatton, Darrell K.-Youngstown, OH
Oregon
Christensen, Charles W.-Eugene,
OR*
Texas
Adkins, Adam-De Soto, TX
New
Washington
Members Enget, John J.-Lacey, WA
Canada
Connecticut Massachusetts Soni, Pravin-Burnaby, British
Amado, Alfonso E.-Wallingford, Nicholas, J.K.-Chelsea, MA Columbia
CT*
New Jersey
Florida Gregory, Chris-Ridgefield, NJ lAB MEMBERS
Donegan, William J.-Spring Hill, FL
New York Massachusetts
Georgia Maddaloni, Louis-Huntington, NY Chelsea Clock Company-Chelsea,
Chi a Lung Shi-Doraville, GA * Satnick, Hartley F.-Brooklyn, NY* MA
Williams, Loran -Tifton, GA*
North Carolina * AWCI welcomes back these in-
Indiana Greer, Robert D.-Wilmington, NC dividuals who have chosen to re-
Clutter, Richard E.-Geneva, IN* instate their membership.
EXPRESS
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www.1800members.com/awcinet.

The Professional Horologist
Test Jitters ... are you ready to say, "Put me in, Coach?"
Vincent Schrader, CMW

Chief Examiner That period of time that passes prior to sit- understand that as the old saying goes,
ting for a professional examination is often "There's no such thing as a free lunch." You
unpleasant for individuals. In my years in test- do have to do some serious work to get past
ing I've accumulated many, many "war sto- the problem.
ries" about individuals who seize up, freeze,
go blank, get the "shakes," or even become Assuming you've thought about taking the
physically ill prior to a big examination. CW21, and have felt a twinge in your tummy
Articles for, when you think about actually sitting for
by, and A simple psychological term for this is "per- the examination, here are a few insights
about formance anxiety." which may be of help.
education,
certification, Of course, I knew about test jitters (even First, knowing what's going to be on the
and issues phobias) long before becoming a testing spe- examination is a BIG stress reliever. I've had
affecting
cialist. As a teacher I used to have students students who would go to no end (like be-
who would hound me for information about ing sick on test day, then asking friends
members of
what was going to be on a big semester ex- about the exam questions ... I always had a
AWCI.
amination. I held little pity for them, telling "special" exam saved for them) to get fore-
them that if they'd taken good notes, stud- knowledge of the examination. Many stu-
ied, and done their homework, they already dents didn't want to know the answers to
knew the answers. The problem, however, the questions, but simply what to study
is that a lot of them had also had experi- beforehand. This is a pretty rational ap-
ences with teachers who taught one thing proach, although it can be very unfair to
and tested another, a grossly unfair practice. those who study EVERY thing beforehand.
Many students were justifiably anxious But it does make sense to "home in" on what
about being caught in such a disconnect. you know will be covered on an exam and
(Remember the teacher who used only pre- study exactly that. It greatly improves your
made [publisher] tests based on a textbook, odds of doing well. Savvy students usually
but who NEVER talked about what was in ask former students, or make sharp guesses
these texts in class?). based on what they hear an instructor em-
phasizing most heavily, even when a huge
Of course, this speaks to more than testing. body of knowledge is involved.
It includes bad teaching.
Of course, by passing the legitimate assess-
Nonetheless, even with good teaching, the ment process by illicitly obtaining actual
"jitters" seem to strike and create nervous answers is clearly cheating and in profes-
havoc in examinees. Since I have begun sional terms, clearly unethical, and behav-
working with AWCI and the development ior worthy of hefty penalty, like denial of
of the new examinations, I have seen the "jit- professional credentials. Lawyers get dis-
ters" manifest themselves numerous times. barred for such behavior, and most profes-
sions have heavy sanctions for those who
And if you've read this far, you are prob- subvert the examination process, as well
ably wondering what can be done about it, they should.
if anything?
So, what can you do that is legit? Prepare,
Actually there are a few things you can do if prepare, prepare ... and did I say, "prepare."
this is a problem for you, but you must first

The first thing is to apply to take the examination early. them. The fundamental concepts we ask for under-
When you do so, you will receive a packet of informa- standing in examinees who use these machines are
tion which summarizes very specifically what will be things like the difference in "inductive" and "acoustic"
on the examination. In the packet will be technical pickup on quartz watches, or "beat error" and "ampli-
guides to the calibers of watches you will be repairing, tude" on mechanical watches. If these are new terms to
descriptions of the tasks you will be performing, and you, you aren't ready to sit for the exam. If you read
sample questions from the written examination. Ob- the Standards and Practices though, you'll find these
viously, if you sign up to take the exam a week before terms, along with virtually every other detail that you
it is administered, you have no lead time to prepare need to know to succeed on the examination. The con-
yourself. tent of the examination is written out for you. I am
always astonished to see people sitting for the exam
If you sign up six months in advance, and receive your who have been specifically directed by someone at
information, it's very possible that by the time you sit AWCI to review the S and Ps but who say they only
for the exam you can know the calibers of watches you "glanced at them."
will be working on so well you can perform repairs in
your sleep. This is simply a matter of practice ... a pretty Finally, be prepared for a slightly different written or
basic notion. It's why coaches drill and drill and drill "theory exam" component. Our examination, because
even their best players on some of the most basic it does not need to be conducted with huge masses of
fundamentals of a sport, even at the high professional people (like the SAT) contains few "indirect" or
levels. People used to comment to Jack Nicklaus that "proxy" style questions. (Such as "multiple guess'' in
he was incredibly lucky. His response was, "You know, which chance plays a role in the answers). Rather, it
the more I practice, the luckier I get." presents "real questions" such as asking you to do
simple numerical computation (we provide the formu-
He knew from practical experience what is a proven las), or interpret information from a standard industry
psychological concept: "automaticity." When you re- technical manual. You are expected to know the no-
peat an experience which involves cognition, mind/ menclature of the profession (e.g., "winding pinion"
body coordination, this phenomenon enables your instead of "the thing that clicks when you turn the little
brain to become so adept at certain levels of perfor- winder thing backwards"). You are asked to solve real
mance that you can "multi-task" or let your mind go problems which face watchmakers in the "real" world.
on "autopilot" while your body does the work. The The goal is to engage higher level thinking skills, which
military uses the same technique to train soldiers. But is what we can do with this type of examination. We
you can also do it to yourself. If you've only adjusted don't have to infer about what you might know by us-
one chronograph mechanism in your life, and feel you ing complex statistical item theory (don't ask, it's PHD
understand it, you might get lucky if you have to ad- mumbo-jumbo). We can ask you to tell us what you
just one on the CW21, but don't count on it. If you've know "straight up."
done it 100 times successfully, you won't even hesitate
when faced with the problem in real form. There's a whole lot more to this topic than I've touched
on here. I could talk about "performance imaging" and
Next, study the suggested tool list. There are tools "success visualization." I could also do all of the "Ann
suggested for use on the examination that are very im- Landers" stuff about eating right, getting plenty of sleep,
portant, like a good chronograph holder. Do you own and learning to relax when tense ... but it will still come
one? How about some first-class hand removers that down to a quote which I hear often, involving the 5 Ps.
leave no trace of hand removal. Suppose you are asked "Prior preparation prevents poor performance."
to use an escapement adjusting tool? Do you know
how? Are your hairspring tools modern and "good I remember well the first time I stood at a free throw
friends"? Is your case opener sharp and polished? Are line in a basketball game. Air ball. I was so nervous I
your screwdrivers really clean and well shaped, unlikely was shaking because I knew all eyes were on me. But I
to slip? Do you own a pair of soft tweezers that don't got past that ... how? Well you get fouled enough and
leave a "scratch trail"? Inventory what's at your you get enough opportunities ... pretty soon, it's just
bench ... how many of these questions are you comfort- all automatic. You get "in the zone" as psychologists
able with? like to call it. And THIS is a great feeling. Ultimately,
like John Fogarty sings, you can get yourself to the
Familiarize yourself with timing machines. We cur- point where you're saying "Put me in, Coach ... I'm
rently use Witschi machines for timing ... the Q-test ready to play! Today!"
for quartz, and the M 1 for mechanical. Both machines 0
are simple to use, but are confusing to someone new to

Topping Tools
Part 5
Laurie Penman
Last month I produced a tool that could be Figure 16 is a general view of the gear cut-
used for topping rounded teeth. Since gear ting set up for our big watchmaker's lathe.
wheels of this type were usually made by It consists of a Sherline headstock and drive
'gashing' the tooth space and then topping, that Jerry Frietag adapted to the top slide,
the tool can be used for both repair, correc- and the vertical slide that came with the
tion or making new wheels. I intend to make machine. The set up works very well and is
a SOt wheel of 0.5 mm module to the dimen- very much more reliable than the Heath
sions shown in Figure 5. The tool has no Robinson (Rube Goldberg, in the States)
relief on the tooth form, but as we saw in arrangement of jockey pulleys and long belt
Part 4, the spaces between the cutting teeth that we had before.
have cut away most of the circumference and
there is only a narrow arc that has the full The spaces between the teeth are cut first,
form, this should be enough to ensure that this is the gashing operation (Figure 17) and
the tool does not 'drag' the metal that it is the width has been obtained by using three
cutting. circular saw blade side by side. As you can
'2;."\0~1"1'
~LJt ~ TJ~~
__\ \-- ,.a1~~ '-J~A .,
?a
046.76mm
OD=51.04mm
Scale 2:1 Figure 15

Figure 16 Figure 18
every groove in the form of the cutter, although I had

polished this. The grooves are not deep and probably
no worse than the finish I am used to getting from a
standard form cutter; if this wheel was for an actual
job, I would be tempted to polish the tops with a brass
strip and 1,000 grit emery paper, but the teeth are very
small and a very limited amount of polishing can re-
move quite a bit of brass. They would be best left alone
and allowed to wear smooth in the clock-the grooves
cannot be felt with a fingernail and would disappear
very quickly in service without altering the form of the
addendum curve.
The complete wheel (unbored) is shown in Figure 19,

Figure 17 it has not been properly cleaned and the closeup of Fig-
ure 20 makes it obvious that the use of multiple saws
does not leave smooth surface to the bottom of the
tooth space. It definitely needs a brief touch with a
see, the cutting teeth are relatively fine and there was
file to tidy it up. Another thing that can be seen at this
no vibration of the blank despite it being much larger
magnification (x5 as printed) is that the topping is not
in diameter than the mandrel support. I prefer a larger
precisely centered, but not sufficiently to require any
diameter support than I have in Figure 17, simply to
hold the work more rigidly, but the cutting load was
low and the job went very smoothly.
Having gashed the blank, the next operation is the fi- HERMLE • KIENINGER • URGOS
nal one of topping. This is simply a matter of exchang- H. HERR • REGULA
ing the saw blades for the cutter that I made in Part 4 from
and centering it over the teeth. However, the blank
needs to be indexed by half a tooth because the top-
:Wutttrtuortb GCloW, 3Jnt.
ping tool centers over the tooth and the saws were cen- Whyrepairwhen you can replace?
tered over the tooth space. Figure 18 shows the cutter THE LARGEST MOVEMENT SUPPLY IN THE WORLD
in use and the wheel teeth being rounded. This in fact, FREE PRICE LIST:
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eter. The actual cutting went very well, but I was dis-
appointed with the finish of the curve. The teeth reveal SAME DAY SHIPPING • TWO-YEAR WARRANTY
Mark Butterworth

ogive and partly ogive tooth forms are concerned, and
for full tooth cutting as opposed to topping, the tooth
is sturdier for a given module and I would have cut the
space and the half profiles of adjacent teeth, which
means that the cutter would have been made in a dif-
ferent fashion.
The radius tool would be made in the same manner as

the tool I use to make my fly cutters. It consists of a
parting blade, ground to a width exactly twice the ra-
dius needed for the tooth form, it is then rounded off
with a stone or diamond lap and checked against a hole
drilled in a piece of plate metal and filed in half, (Fig-
ure 21). This gives a very accurate radius, and quite
quickly too.
The radius tool is used to face each side of the tooth

form on the tool blank (Figure 22), using a microme-
Figure 19 ter to obtain the correct width for the cutter profile.
Since the tool will tend to cut a little over size, this
width may be made a little smaller than the theoretical
size by about 0.002". Notice that I show a small under-
cut on either side of the cutter. It reaches from just
short of the outside diameter of the cutter to the start
of the radius. (This would be where the shoulder of
the tooth would be.) An undercut of about 0.005" to
0.010" reduces the tendency to rub along the upright
sides of the tooth; it forms an added relief to that pro-
vided by the cutout.
The top of the cutter tooth should be reduced to about

0.050" or so, and the front of the tooth should be raked
by making it tangential to a circle about one-eighth of
Figure 20
the outside diameter.
Make sure that the bore for whatever mandrel you in-
tend to use is machined before the cutter is taken out
correction by file. In fact I would mount the wheel so of the chuck, the cutout can be made on a milling ma-
that the driving side was the left hand side of the tooth chine or with a hacksaw and slight inaccuracies will not
as seen in the figure. Since clock gears do not go into affect the performance of the tool, but if the bore is
reverse completely, one side of the form plays no part inaccurate the cutter will be eccentric and only cut on
in the transmission of energy but must simply clear one or two teeth, limiting the expected life to very much
the top of the driven pinion. less than you would expect. On the evidence of the
rounded tooth that I cut, I believe that this type of
Cutter Form cutter can be used at least a dozen times without sig-
As you have seen, I decided to have the cutter form nificant wear.
embrace the top of the tooth, rather than cut the tooth
space and two halves of the addendum. This avoided Heat treat the tool by heating to cherry red, holding at
any tendency to push these rather slender teeth side- that temperature for a couple of minutes and then
ways during cutting. As things turned out, the cutter quenching in oil. The tool should be suspended on a
performed better than I had expected and I doubt very piece of wire so that you can stir it around in the oil,
much that there would have been any sideways thrust, and also retrieve it without deep-frying your fingers.
the radius is still very small and I think I would use the Before heating, coat the tool in bar soap that has been
same method for other rounded teeth. So far as the softened in water, this should prevent the cutting edges

R~
2.R
2 .R
CZJ
Figure 21
Undercut by 0.010" on each side to just cutting face is almost as well cooled
touch the rad ius .
as a fly cutter, but a thicker blank for
a barrel or a first (great) wheel, will
not allow this. I would recommend
running the cutter at about one-fifth
of its top speed.
The top speed of the Sherline is 2,800

rpm, so I am talking about approxi-
mately 560 rpm. Cutting speed with
high carbon tools for machining
quality brass (free cutting alloy 360)
is 90ft/ min to 120ft/ min, a 1-inch
Figure 22 diameter cutter has a circumference
of just over 3 inches and the top cut-
ting speed would be 480 rpm. Put a
burning away in the torch flame. Af- It is easy enough to specify this from little clock oil on the tool and see if
ter hardening, brighten the steel and calculations but the problem is that it smokes as the tool cuts (the chips
temper at a very pale yellow. This mini-lathes (and many larger ones) may smoke, they are hotter than the
should give a hard, and hardworking, do not have any indication of the tool), the tool is rotating too fast-
tool that will not lose its edge readily. revolutions per minute (rpm) of the carbon steel rapidly loses its strength
chuck. This does not matter for cut- around 4000 ° F and oil smokes
Which raises the question: What ting blanks that are 1 mm to 2 mm around that temperature too.
speed should the tool be run at? thick, the cutout is so large that the 0

Affiliate Chapter Report
Wes Cutter, CC
I received an excellent PDF newsletter from and Aaron, were prominent clock-
the Horological Association of Virginia, Inc. makers in the late 18'h Century. This
and this was the headline report: museum was started in 1971, is the larg-
"On October 15, 2006, approximately est of its kind in the world, and now
25 members of the Horological Asso- houses a collection of 100 clocks (99
ciation of Virginia gathered at the weight-driven and one spring), most of
Hampton Inn in Mechanicsville, VA for which have painted dials (the remainder
a full day of Horological events. Bob have brass dials). Following the museum
Stone organized an outstanding and im- overview, David Gow discussed clo~k
pressive itinerary that included a lecture conservation versus restoration tips, res-
by David Gow, Conservator for the toration tips, and general clock repair
Willard House and Clock Museum in hints.
North Grafton, MA, a movie narrated Tuck Tompkins introduced the
by well-know HAV member, Tuck afternoon session with a video jointly
Tompkins, and a lecture by the HAV developed with Dick Arnold and Lowell
Secretary, Lloyd Lehn. Fast. This video discussed problems on
The morning session started with repairing a Captain's watch, the past and
information on the Willard House and future of watch repair techniques, and
Clock Museum. Mr. Gow briefly dis- various watch components repairs. This
cussed the home-stead's history, stating video was well received.
the Museum was on the original prop- Lloyd Lehn immediately pro-
erty of the Willard family. Four Willard ceeded into an excellent program where
brothers, Benjamin, Simon, Ephraim, he provided step-by-step light cleaning

and repair instructions of a one-day regula cuckoo flattery you know), which is to publish a short para-
clock with chalet music box movement. His slide graph from the past. So, for example:
show discussed details of the tools and other ma- "THIRTY YEARS AGO: W AOP met at the
terials he uses as well as troubleshooting techniques. conference room of the commonwealth build-
Many thanks to all, including Bob Stone, ing in downtown Pittsburgh on Oct 12, 1976.
David Gow, Tuck Tompkins, Dick Arnold, Lowell Fred (Smitty) Smith presented the program on
Fast, and Lloyd Lehn, who toiled to make this Semi- fitting crystals.
nar a success! The attendees are pictured below." Bench tips were the popular Yz by Yz honey-
comb plastic light diffusing panels for fluores-
I also received by snail mail the Tic Toe News from cent light fixtures provide many uses for the
October and November, the Western Pennsylvania watchmaker. Cut into strips 4" to 8" wide, they
Watch and Clockmakers Association newsletter. They make excellent shelves that are nearly dust-free.
are starting something new to try to drive more atten- Narrower strips, fastened to the side of the
dance to their meetings: they are now providing a mart bench, are very useful as tool racks; holding pli-
table before each meeting for members to bring their ers, tweezers, and various hand tools at an in-
watches, clocks, or tools that they wish to sell. stants reach in an organized form. Placed in
drawers, it makes a good file for miscellaneous
They also did a survey, asking what sorts of items the bottles of material that we all seem to accumu-
responders would most like to see in a Mart. The most late."-Bob Bishop.
frequent answer was TOOLS. The next most frequent
answer was movements and parts, followed by horo- I wish them the best with their mart idea. I think it's a
logical books. Also mentioned were watches, clocks, great one. Good luck in all endeavors to everyone else
and antiques. as well. If you have a newsletter you wish to share,
send it along. It's fun for everyone to know what we all
They also had a great idea that I think our Midwest are doing as affiliate chapters.
group should consider stealing (it's the best form of 0
AWCI Member Websites

• Have you always wanted a website for your business, or are you unhappy with
your current website?
• Do you feel that your business needs more exposure to your customers?
• Do you want a website, but don't know where to start, and assume it would be a
costly venture?
• Do you just not have the time to mess with it?
Go to
awci.companysitecreator.com
AWCI and Companysitecreator have worked together to offer an opportunity to all members!
It literally takes just a few minutes to build your new site in 5 simple steps from start to finish.
Two packages are offered ($8.95 per month or $18.95 per month), and you are able to see
your site before you decide to purchase.
January 2007 · Horological Times 37

Executive Director's Message Development's Site Creator. They can be contacted at
(Continued from page 2.) 513-753-6610. Contact First National for a quote on
processing your credit card transactions. If you don't
presently accept credit cards First National can get you
Reward yourself and take a vacation this summer, how started. First National can be contacted at 800-354-
about to Covington, Kentucky for the A WCI 2007 3988. Go to www.awci.com for more information on
Annual Convention and Educational Symposium. The these benefits and others that are offered only to A WCI
Convention Committee is busy putting together an- members and designed to save you money. I have talked
other fantastic Convention. Soon we will have all the with some members who have taken the time to look
details here in the HT. into these various benefits and have been able to save
themselves money. You owe it to yourself to take ad-
Get certified, upgrade your certification, or participate vantage of these benefits.
in a pilot exam. The Certified Watchmakers (CW) exam
and CW upgrade exam is up and running, see schedule Also remember to thank our HT advertisers when do-
on page 15. Pilot exams for the Certified Clockmaker ing business with them. Without their support the HT
(CC) will be available later in the year. If you're not wouldn't be possible.
ready for certification yet, see page 15 for a schedule of
courses to be taught here in Harrison. Boy are you ever going to be busy this year. Oh, and
don't forget that annual physical.
If you haven't already done so, contact each of the
A WCI member benefits providers. Get a quote for Here's wishing you a Happy and Healthy New Year!
health insurance from Health Benefits Provider, 800- 0
450-3040, get your own website through Walker

Membership Benefit Alert~
Health Savings Accounts Disability Income/Critical Illness

Long-Term Care
Dental&. Vision Annuities
Insurance
Health Insurance Home Health Care Life Insurance
Assisted Living
Individuals & Families Tefri1 s;-10~20~-zs, ·30, Age 95
Nursing Home Care
Groups Universal Life
Student Health Plans survivorship (2nd to Die)
Medicare Supplements Key Person
International Travel Insurance Executive Benefit Life
Health Savings Accounts Retirement It Financial Services
Individua Is/Groups
On Insurance Premiums!
Rates and Availability May Vary By State.
AWCI Association Health Programs
6319 W. 110th Street, Overland Park, Kansas 66211
Phone: (913) 341-2868 Toll Free: (888) 450-3040 Fax: (913) 341-2803
Email: help@associationpros.com
Website: www .association pros. com/ assoc/ A WCI PROGRAMS

AWCI EVENING'· CLASSES IN
WATCH REPAIR
American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute is offering weekly evening classes in watch repair (1 0 con-
secutive Thursdays) . These will be basic instructional classes, loosely structured to adapt to the needs of
the students. Watch classes will take place on Thursday evenings from 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM at the training
facilities at AWCI in Harrison, Ohio.
Instructors: Tom Schomaker, CMW, Watch Repair
Schedule: Winter Session - January 18, 2007 - April 12, 2007

Spring/Summer Session - May 17, 2007 -August 9, 2007
Location : AWCI Training Facility

701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, OH 45030
Cost: $400 per 10-week session

Registrants must be AWCI members ($98 yearly membership)
Tools and material costs are extra
For more information or to register for a class, contact Nancy Wellmann , Education Coordinator
1-866-367-2924, ext. 303 or e-mail: nwellmann@awci.com
[~R~~~J WCR
0 $22.50- One Year 0 $19.50- One Year

Chronos Magazine Watch & Clock
0 $42.00- Two Years 0 $35.00- Two Years
0 $60.00 -Three Years is published 6 times 0 $50.00- Three Years Review is published
Foreign subscribers add $10 per per year for the Foreign subscribers add $10 [>er 10 times per year and
year. (U.S. Funds drawn frvm U.S. year. ( (}. S. Funds drawn from lJ S.
connoisseur of is the industry's most-
bank only) hank only)
0 Check nr money order enclosed luxury timepieces. 0 Check or money order enclc>sed used publication-the
0 Charge my Visa or MasterCard Each issue presents 0 Charge my Visa or MasterCard only one in North
Carel N c > · - - - - - - - - - the finest watches Card N o . - - - - - - - - - America devoted to
Exp. Dt\t < ! - - - - - - - - - and clocks of today Exp. Date - - - - - - - - - watches and clocks.
Signature - - - - - - - - - as well as exploring Signature - - - - - - - - -
Phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Get the one conve-
Phone - - - - - - - - - - -
Name _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ premier vintage Name _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ nient source of indus-
Address----------
collections. Address-- - -- - - - - - try news features
City _ _ __ State---- City State _ _ __ including eight annu-
Zil''---- Country--- Zip Country - - - al direcrory issues.
Company Nm11c - - - - - - - Company Name - - - - - - -
Type oi Business------- Type of Business
Questions & Answers
(Continued from page 4.)
Because of the large demand, production of these clocks

dramatically increased around 1850. Unfortunately
there is no reliable production data available, although
estimates go into several tens of thousands of clocks
manufactured per year. Production continued well into
the 1930s.
Without a maker's name or registered trademark on

the clock I cannot tell you who made it. But from the
style of the case and movement, I would say that yours
was made about the year 1900, undoubtedly in France,
quite possibly in Paris. Many of these clocks were made
as straight timekeepers, some with alarms, grande
sonnerie and some, as yours, with repeating works.
0
PARTS MESSAGE BOARD

The American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute Parts Message Board is avail-
able on line at www.awci.com Click on the Parts Forum in the Top Links box. Guests
are free to browse our topics and posts but only validated AWCI members will be able
to actively post messages and communicate with one another via private messaging.
The purpose of this board is to aid our members in finding watch parts, clock parts and tools. This board is
not open to generic advertising posts; therefore, web addresses and e-mail addresses should not be
included in public messages.

AWCI-ELM Trust Donations
The Trustees of the A WCI Education, Library and Museum Charitable Trust would like to
recognize the following people for their donations to the ELM Trust:
Waldo C. Aceves J. Michael Goettsche Bob L. Ockenden, CMC

Isaak Albiter Hamas Goulasarian Chang S. Oh
Norman J. Anderson C.H. Grantham Terry Parresol
Dean Armentrout David G. Grier Edgar H. Peacock, Jr.
Kenneth M. Barfoot Asim M. Gunalp, CW Robert F. Peischl
Mabel G. Blakely Marol Hansen Damir Pejkusic
Barouyr B. Bohossian Walter Hersey Bill M. Peoples, CC
Glenn W. Brown Paul Highfill Kamal Peters, CMW
James A. Bruce Pok Wai Ho Isadore Pobereskin
Claudiu M. Burlan Eric Hollister L.T. Polk
Mike Cain Danny H. Hooper Ray Ransom
Gregor Campbell H. R. Horne, CMW Winford Rawls, CMW
Theron C. Carter, CMW Mark K. Hummel John Ream
Kenny Raphael Casso Roger Hunt Don A. Robbins
Manuel Catarina Norman C. Huss Bill Rostiser
Jim Chamberlain Leonard Karter, CW, CEWT Milton E. Roth
Dr. Matthew Clark Arthur J. Knapp Zareh Sarkissian
Douglas M. Cochrane Bernard C. Koch Richard Schauer
Derrick Cooper Terry Kurdzionak David G. Shafer, CMW
John E Corcoran George E. Kurz David T. Shields
Dr. Timothy Costello Peter Laetsch Suzanne Sizer
Larry Crutsinger James Earl Lantz John Sokol
Wes Cutter, CC Maurice D. Lareau Wendy Duncan Spain
K.C. Denney, CMW Telex LeBlanc Michael Spriestersbach
Roger Derghazarian Klaus Lehmann Floyd L. Stamper
Jose Diaz Jacque R. Lingenfelter, CMW Calvin Gene Steele
TomDoan, CW Lititz Watch T echnicum James R. Stern
Frederick W. Doerrer, CW Charles Luedke Merrill Stinnett, CMW
Ned Drulard John P. Lynch, CW William S. Stoddard
Joel Dumont Robert L. Macomber, CMC David Berch Toothman
Karel Ebenstreit, CMW Ann M. Marini T.R Tyler
Cynthia Elam David Mattson, CMW Conrad Van Derveer
Clifford Ellsworth Jack McCarty Arnold Van Tiem
Don Florin Alvin Bruce McClure Yakov Varnovaty, CW
Harry Floyd David Melich, CC Thomas K. Walker, CMW
Maurice W. Frazier Charles Miller, CW Mohammad Waseem
Jack Freedman Robert J. Mills Dan Wesenberg, CMW
Fredric J. Friedberg Robert G. Moran W. E. Wilkins
Glenn D. Gardner, CMW Phil Nault Neil Wohl
Ronald D. Gaskins Blake Novak
Anthony Genovese Harry R. Nummi, CMW

BOOKS FOR SALE
The Modernwatchmakers Lathe and How To Use It
By Archie B. Perkins, CMW, FAWI, FNAWCC, FBHI
.:· ~.
,...___ •t· • ';}

A course in watchmaking, clockmaking, and repairing would not be complete without adequate instruction ~
-.
~
... •
•.!f ~
.l •
J.
and practice in using the watchmakers lathe as well as instruction and practice in using saws and files. When 71:..• i\rQ,IJ'tA \\',a flm:rtkhs J.nlltt
restoring antique watches and clocks, the restorer must be skilled in the use of the lathe, saws and files to ·l ,11l flo11.1 To Uloc" u .-J ·
make and alter parts to fit the mechanisms. Parts are not always available, or available to fit, and must be
altered or made from raw materials. This book is intended to teach these skills and to serve as a textbook for .
1
~
.•.
.....
fi'
I
~~~,::..;:·.;;::
.
schools as well as for students of on-the-job training programs and hobbyists. This book has more than 400 1 '"-- ·--. I :; r;
pages with 548 illustrations. These illustrations include 267 photographs and 281 hand made line drawings.
All of these illustrations were made by the author. The book also has eleven tables. There are 25 chapters in
J...>
the book. Two of these chapters are on sawing and filing. Also, there are pages of safety instructions for the
'-'-'
fi'F--.Io· '- >==~
~•~!ll!~cc
use of the lathe, sawing, and filing, as well as electrical safety. Each chapter has a summary, questions
about material in the chapter, and a reference guide for further reading.
"""'"
-·-·-"'
RETAIL: $79.95 AWCI MEMBERS: $71.96
The Theory of Horology

The Theory of Horology is a hardcover book with 360 large semi-glossy pages of 8" x 11 W' and printed in full
color. This book is a theory on horology pertaining to watches and clocks. This book is not a detailed guide
of how to repair a watch or clock, but from the descriptions given and from the detailed line drawings of all
types of timepieces, one can easily deduce methods of repair and re-assembly. The Theory of Horology is
currently the "bible" of every novice and even the well seasoned watchmaker, clockmaker, and student. It
ends with an eight (8) page section on exercises (with answers given of course) which is quite interesting.
The Chronograph, Its Mechanism and Repair

By B. Humbert
This current reprint of the 1952 original edition is a 158-page, hardcover bound book on the repair of me-
chanical chronograph watches. It covers virtually all of the available chronographs (both column wheel and
cam operated chronographs) that were produced up until the first publication of this book. It contains very
meticulous line drawings that deal with the aspects of repair, restoration and adjustments. The book of
choice of all reputable watchmaking schools around the world.
Watch Adjustment
By Hans Jendritzki
This 107-page, hardcover book is a second reprint of the original 1963 edition. Mr. Jendritzki uses no non-
sense approach to watch adjustment that unfortunately has fast become a "lost art" among many modern
practicing watchmakers. The book is profusely filled with pictures and line drawings to facilitate learning.
The Joseph Bulova School of Watchmaking Training Manual

The Joseph Bulova School of Watchmaking Training Manual units include: Staking Balance Staff, Truing
Balance Wheels, Basic Turning, Turning Balance Staffs, Stem Making, Burnishing Balance Pivots, Poising
Balance Wheels, Hairspring Truing, Hairspring Vibration, Overcoiling, Watch Assembly, Mainspring Barrel
Assembly, Friction Jeweling, Wheel Train Assembly, Escapements, Terminology, Finishing, and General
Repair Information. The Joseph Bulova School of Watchmaking was the principal author and developer of The
Joseph Bulova School of Watchmaking Training Manual. Size: 8% x 11, 352 pages, hardcover.
RETAIL:$49.95 AWCI MEMBERS: $44.96
PLACE YOUR ORDER TODAY!

Call AWCI1-866-367-2924 ext. 301 or visit the AWCI website- www.awci.com

Industry News CLOCKS
Swiss Roxer Precision Equipment
Available from Vibrograf U.S.A.
Vibrograf U.S.A. Corp. has announced the availability
of Swiss Roxer precisoin equipment. These instruments 1 n e 1 n e
use water to test the waterproof condition of all watches
including divers' watches. Instruments such as the
Natator 40, Natator 125 and Diabolic E are available
from Vibrograf U.S.A. This equipment is essential
for today's well-
equipped watch
shop.
For further infor-

mation contact: Inside: Sale in Leeds ;f Roberts·rn FAQ
Joseph D. Presti, A massiv movement kmakers Aaules
President,
Vibrograf U.S.A. GET YOUR FREE SAMPLE
Corp., 504 Cherry
Lane, Floral Park, COPY OF CLOCKS
NY 11 0 0 1 ; ( 5 16) Tel: 044 131 331 3200
437-8700.
Email: sample@clocksmagazine.com
-== ;' -- -
~..;;;.-
:::::
~
Payment processing tailored to your needs,

a partnership with AWCI,
and reduced rates just for members.
And you thought your timepieces were reliable.
First National Merchant Solutions can provide your business with an

affordable way to accept credit and debit payments, convert checks
to instant cash, and receive payments over the internet. Just some of
the ways we can help you grow your business ... find out more today.
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(j) First National
Merchant Solutions

FENDLEY & COX
WHEEL AND PINION SPECIALIST
Classified 1530 Etain Rd., Irving, TX 75060

RICHARD COX 972-986-7698
CMC, FNAWCC, CMBHI
Advertising www.fendley-cox.com
Regulations & Rates Servicing ACCUTRON tuning fork watches, all

calibers. Mail: Larry Blanchard, P.O. Box 188,
Quincy, IL 62306-0188; Phone & Fax: (217) 228-
Ads are payable in advance 90¢ per word, 2190. Prompt Reliable Service ... Guaranteed
$1.00 per word in bold type. Classified dis- Call Us or Visit dialreoair.com
play ads are $40.00 per column inch, 2'A''
wide. Classified ads are not commissionable POCKET WATCH &
or discountable. Payment can be made by MARINE CHRONOMETER REPAIR ATMOS by Jaeger-LeCoultre
check, VISA, MasterCard, Discover, Diner's General repair and restoration of antique Completely overhauled with the
or American Express. The publisher may,
and complicated watches. Custom parts fabrica- longest labor warranty on the planet!
at the publisher's sole discretion and for any
tion including staffs, verge staffs, stems, Five years on all labor!
reason and without notice, decline to pub-
lish or republish any ad, in which case any levers, and springs. Located in Massachusetts. Mike's Clock Clinic
fees submitted or paid for such ads shall Matt Henning, CW (413) 549-1950; Established in 1982 & devoted
be returned or rebated to the advertiser. The www.henningwatches.com exclusively to the Atmos since 1990.
publisher reserves the right to edit all copy. I also overhaul 400-day clocks.
Price lists of services will not be accepted. Please call 877-286-6762
Confidential ads are $10.00 additional for VINTAGE POCKET WATCH RESTORATION. http://www.atmos-man.com/atmos.html
postage and handling. The first of the month Twenty-eight years experience, guarantee,
is issue date. Copy must be received 30 free estimates. The Escapement, P.O. Box
days in advance (March issue closes for 522, Pooler, GA 31322; (912) 330-0866
copy on February 1st). MORGAN PIVOT POLISHER
POLISH PIVOTS IN AS
HOROLOGICAL TIMES LITT L E AS 5 - 7 SEC .
ATMOS
701 Enterprise Drive
Harrison, OH 45030 Service/ Repair FflSSHER~"Ji=I).THE$.
\IIAttHI>'A~
Toll Free 1-866-367-2924, ext. 307 Warranty 2 Years Parts & Labor
800-837-1545
MORGAN CLOCK CO.
Phone (513) 367-9800 800-806-2220 9-5 CST
Fax (513) 367-1414 Clockmaster, Inc. - Robert Good MORGANPIVOTPOUSHER.COM
E-mail: dbaas@awci.com 2537 So. Brentwood Blvd.
www.awci.com St. Louis, Missouri 63144
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SERVICE
We are Factory Authorized Service for:
CLOCK GEARS, BARRELS and PINIONS
• VIBROGRAF & PORTESCAP
TRADESMAN made from your sample, ARBORS re-pivoted,
teeth replaced in gears or barrels. All work
• TICK-0-PRINT & L&R
We service all makes of ultrasonics, all makes of watch rate
guaranteed, fair prices fast turn around. recorders, and related equipment. 25 years experience.
Call Mike Loebbaka, 86 Mullens Lane,
CLOCK , MUSIC BOX MAINSPRINGS, GEAR
Saugerties, NY 12477; Phone: 800-411-4542, 190 Deepstone Drive San Rafael, CA 94903
PINION CUTTERS, MATERIAL & PARTS CUS-
tictoc@ oldandnew.com Used Equipment Bought & Sold
TOM MADE. TANI ENGINEERING, 1852 St. Rt.
44, Atwater, OH 44201; (330) 325-0645. Cata- ~ For Information ~~'-~
log $3.00. ~ (415) 453-9266
DIAL REFINISHING CO. FAST SERVICE, FIN-
r------------, EST QUALITY, quantity works welcome. Spe-
cialize on changing dial feet positions to fit the
DIAL quartz movement. Send your works to: KIRK COMPLETE RESTORATION &
DIAL OF SEATTLE, 112 Central Avenue North, PART MANUFACTURING
REFINISHING Kent, WA 98032; (253) 852-5125 FOR ALL TYPES OF CLOCKS & WATCHES
Complete restoration of all types and grades of
,,.. , :1! , HAMILTON ELECTRIC WATCH REPAIR
watches and clocks · J. LeCoultre's Atmos - Patek
-.
Phillipe - Pigue\- Vacheron Constantin - Rolex (cer-
=II ~ - · 2" Expert, experienced service on all Hamilton 500 tificate # 0168) - Omega - Accutron - tuning forks -
and 505 Electric watches. Hamilton electric electric - quartz - fuzzes - alarms - minute repeaters -
watches and parts always wanted. Rene chronographs - chronometers - any complications -
ia - . . 4. Rondeau, P.O. Box 391, Corte Madera, CA pocket watches - antique or new - repivoting - stem
f I ' 94976. Tel: (415) 924-6534. E-mail: manufacturing, ( regular or oversize) free estimates,
rene@ hamiltonwristwatch .com 30 years in watch and clocks restoration and parts
BEFORE AFTER manufacturing.
Quartz Conversions GCA LA PRECISION
Diamond Dial Conversions REPIVOTING- WRIST & POCKET WATCHES Guido C. Alave
Emblem & Name Personalization Custom made pivots for balance staffs, arbors, Rolex Certified #0168
pinions. No part too small. Balance staffs and Member AWCI, NAWCC
Write for Brochures 320 E Maple Avenue East
arbors made to factory standards. 40 years ex-
INTERNATIONAL DIAL CO., INC. Vienna, VA 22180
perience. Juliusz Dabrowski, J.D.Watchworks Phone 703-255-0055
58 W. SUGARTREE 210 Post St., Suite 506, San Francisco, CA Cell 703-627-4054
P.O. BOX 970 94108; (415) 397-0310; jd@jdwatchworks.com alaverolex@ aol.com
WILMINGTON, OH 45177 www.watch-watches-repairs.com
L ____ (937)
__ 382-4535
_ _ _ _ _ .J alaverolex@ aol.com

ARTICLES FOR SALE / eckce//§ flJLL~ANTEE~Ieaners
Your battery connection, and more ...
WAft firTiers ~ ..&..6'~
379 Main Street Stoneham, MA 02180 watch
Seth Thomas Pocket Watch Movement
Material. Call Peter (860) 242-7972. PRESSURE PINS
1.00mm Single Side
Serrations
SHERLINE PRODUCTS
Free catalogs upon request FOR WATCH BAND LINKS
Limited Supply on Hand An Easy Way of Working with Watch Band Links
of Accessories at Old Prices Can be used instead of cotter pins
Starrett Collets Now Available Sizes: B.Omm 14.5mm
~
ANTIQUE CLOCKWORKS, LTD. 8.5mm 15.0mm
P.O. Box 201 , Loretto, MN 55357 9.0mm 15.5mm
9.5mm 16.0mm
Toll Free 877-643-7698 10.0mm 16.5mm
E-mail: info@ AntiqueCiockworksltd.com 10.5mm 17.0mm
www.AntiqueCiockworksltd.com 11.0mm 17.5mm
11.5mm 18.0mm 104-piece www.vibrografusa.com
12.0mm 18.5mm assortment
12.5mm 19.0mm $17.95
Regula and H. Herr Cuckoo Movements 13.0mm 19.5mm
Complete selection. Also factory stopper new 13.5mm 20.0mm
Hermie, Urgos, and Kieninger at 60% OFF our 14.0mm 20.5mm The Original Troop-Balas Labs
regular wholesale prices. Call Butterworth THESE PRESSURE (OR LINK) PINS CAN BE USED ON MANY Silcon-7® Sealant $5.95
1-800-258-5418. OF TODAY'S POPULAR WATCHES One-Dip Solution® $5.95
ALL COMMONLY USED SIZES ARE IN STOCK Crystai-Kieer® Rouge $6.50
(800) 514-1270 KT-22 Microlubricant® $3.50
DASHTO INC./TOM MISTER www.troop-balas.com
PO Box 61894
Terry Kurdzionak, member AWCI
800-423-3294
Virginia Beach, VA 23466
http://www.dashto.com
Huge and everchanging selection
Used and new horological items HAMILTON ORIGINAL MILITARY MATERIAL
Sold by internet list only Supplying original factory material for the
TOOLS/EQUIPMENT Hamilton Model21 Chronometer, Model22 Deck
MATERIAL ASSTS/PARTS
POCKET/WRISTWATCHES
Watch & Military 16 Size Watch Models 23, HOROLOGICAL TOUR
3992B, 4992B and 2974B As well as much ma-
WATCH MOVEMENTS
terial for the 950B & 992B Railroad Watches.
WATCH CASES & DIALS
WATCH BRACELETS/BUCKLES LARRY CRUTSINGER HENRY B. FRIED MEMORIAL
MUCH MORE P.O. Box 8514 Norfolk, VA 23503 341h ANNUAL HOROLOGY TOUR: FORMER
WE BUY & TRADE ALSO 757-650-9470 E-mail: detent21 @aol.com YUGOSLAV REPUBLICS (LJUBLIANA -
tom@ dashto.com www.militarywatchmuseum.com BLED, DUBROVNIK, ZAGREB, BELGRADE,
http://dashto.org INCLUDING ADRIATIC CRUISE) & ROMANIA
(BUCHAREST TECHNICAL MUSEUM,
DOCTOR'S WATCHES - beautiful German de- PLOIESTI CLOCK MUSEUM, IASI MECHANI-
Clockmaking & Modelmaking Books, Videos & sign, Swiss mechanical ETA movement, good CAL MUSIC, DRACULA'S CASTLE & BIRTH-
DVDs by W. R. Smith, 8049 Camberley Drive, price. Contact Mark Butterworth for info at (800) PLACE). ALSO FLEA MARKETS, MARITIME
Powell, TN 37849. Phone 865-947-9671; 258-5418 or bci@muscanet.com MUSEUM, PRIVATE COLLECTIONS, ETC.
E-mail: WRSmith2@aol.com APRILJMAY 08, 2007. $3,950.00 PP Brochure?
1-800-262-4284 or www.horologytours.net
· Watch Repair Tools & Supplies

· Clock Repair Tools & Supplies...
for Ameri"tn and European clocks of all types!
··· Horological Repair and Refemce Books
AUCTION
Browse through our inventory and
AUCTION: Pocket Watches, Clocks, Parts
order on-line 14-hours a day/ ••• and Tools. In Kidron, OH on Feb. 27, 2007.
www.merriHs.com Elma Bush. tool, Webster M/S winder, Vibrograf
Mark V, K&D #18 staking set, Zantech ZA900
Pur new.ROQ6·.R001 Catalo11 of Parls Quartz analyzer, plus some small tools. Marshall
.mel Repjlir Suppli~ will be available System of staffs , stems & M/Ss for Swiss
apfirox. May 1, 1006
Write for your copy today! watches, and misc. parts. Send $2 for list/direc-
.. .$~.00 postpd. tions, to be mailed in January. Joseph Miller,
31510 TR 11 , Fresno, OH 43824; (330) 897-
1165, ext. 1
MERRilT'S
CLOCK & WATCH REPAIR
SVP.PLY DEPARTMENf
1860 Weavertown Rd,
Douglassville, PA 19518
610-689-9541 FAX: 610·689-0567

FULL-TIME WATCHMAKER
$$ Buying OLD Rolexes $$
SITUATIONS WANTED Looking to hire full-time watchmaker for mall
location opening in the SW Florida area late $$ Paying Highest Prices Ever $$
October, 2006. AWCI 21st Century Certification Daytona Cosmograph $1 OK - $25K
perferred. Location is an authorized Rolex and Submariner $1 ,500 - $3,000
Watchmaker seeking employment. Experience GMT $1,500 - $3,000
Breitling dealer, but ideal candidate must
includes Cartier and Chelsea Clocks. Please Explorer I $1 ,500 up
have confidence working with all watch brands.
reply to: Box SW112006, c/o Horological Times, Explorer II $3,500-$6,500
Congress Jewelers is an EOE with 4 locations in Chronograph $8,000 - $20,000
701 Enterprise Drive, Harrison, OH 45030.
SW Florida. We offer excellent compensation and ANY OLD ROLEX WANTED
an excellent benefit package. Fax resumes to the SERIOUS PRICES PAID
Clockmaker, college trained, 18 years experi- attention of Kimberly DeVito, Dir of HR (239)992- DON'T SELL UNTIL YOU GET MY OFFER
ence, seeking employment. Reply to Box 4851 or email: kim@congressjewelers.com Don Meyer - (214) 460-5822
SW22006, c/o Horological Times, 701 Enter-
prise Drive, Harrison, OH 45030.
WANTED TO BUY WATCH BUCKLES WANTED

Experienced English watchmaker. British Horo- I will buy your signed wrist watch buckles
logicallnstitute certified. Has Rolex and Omega from any company in gold, gold filled,
training, seeks employment in Florida with top $$WANTED ANYTHING$$ stainless steel or silver. 1-1 000.
quality company. Reply to BOX SW42005, c/o Rolex - Cartier- Patek- Breitling Randy Chapin 831-246-0945
Horological Times, 701 Enterprise Drive, Harri- Panerai- Le Coultre or email to horology@cruzio.com
son, OH 45030. Vacheron - AP - Etc.
Watches, Boxes, Dials, Links, Parts, Bands,
Movements, Crystals, Bezels, Crowns, Clocks, Chronograph movements, cases, dials, parts
Signs, Posters, Catalogs , Instruction Books, and watches. Paying: Valjoux 72 - $200.00;
HELP WANTED Polish Cloths , Wallets, Hats, Shirts, Promo
Items, ANYTHING! Doug Giard, 586-774-3684
Venus 178- $150.00; Longines 13ZN- $350.00;
Valjoux 69 - $350.00; also Rolex 620 NA -
$350.00. Dean Samelle, 25 W Beverley St. ,
Staunton, VA 24401; 1-866-877-8164.
Tourneau Service and Repair Center We pay up to 97% of market for karat gold scrap
(any amount)! Also, buy filings, gold fill, sweeps,
Now Open in Long Island City silver, platinum! Immediate 24-hour payment WANTED WATCH BOXES
return mail! Ship insured/registered mail to: Buy - Sell -Trade
AMERICAN METALS COMPANY, 253 King We want most major brands. Also buying high-
St., Dept. HT, Charleston, SC 29401. Estab- end jewelry brand boxes. Doug Giard, 586-
lished 1960. Phone (843) 722-2073 774-3684
WE BUY WATCHES
Rolex, Patek, Cartier, LeCoultre, Vacheron, ATTENTION RETIRED WATCHMAKERS
Breitling, Audemars, Tudor and others. Modern Call us before you sell your parts, tools,
or Vintage . Doug Giard, 586-774-3684 and watches. We have helped over 175
watchmakers In the last eight years to
dispose of their accumulations. When
you're really ready to sell, we're ready to
$$ ROLEX PARTS NEEDED $$ buy! Phone (229) 928-9092 or (727) 327-
Tourneau Inc., the world's largest watch Absolute top dollar paid for crowns, 3306. Ask for Jeff or Nancy. E-mail:
store is looking for experienced watch- old dials, movements, tools, jeffnancy@mchsl.com
makers. Our brand new state-of-the-art memorabilia, bezels, bands, cases.
facility offers the latest in equipment and Small/Large Accumulations Wanted!
technology. We also enjoy competitive Don Meyer - (214) 460-5822
compensation and a terrific work envi-
ronment. Customer service and other
support opportunities also exist. We of-
fer excellent benefits and opportunities WE BUY ENTIRE
for growth. EOE. Mail, fax, or email your
resume to : WATCH COLLECTIONS
Tourneau
Attn: AA Call Toll Free
3 East 541h Street
3'd Floor 1-800-426-2344
New York, NY 10022 203~366~2500
Fax: 718.392.4791
Email: tirby@tourneau.com
We also fit glass crystals to
SPECIALTY METALS Openface, Hunting, and English
REFINING chain drive watches.
WATCHMAKER
COMPANY, INC. Complete watches, dials,
Family-owned retail jeweler in Chicago area 1915 Black Rock Tum pike movements, case springs for sale.
looking for a full-time watchmaker. Candidate Fairfield, CT 06430
must be trained from a accredited horology
school; WOSTEP or AWCI 21st Century Certifi- Members: G F Specialties
Ron Fried,
cation preferred. Jeweler is authorized Rolex, President Better Business Bureau 1-800-351-6926
Patek, Breitling, LeCoultre, and Cartier. Please "/look forward to Jewelers Board of Trade P.O. Box 2332
fax resume to (847) 432-5137 attention Wes or giving you honest and 253 Consecutive Ads
Sanford, FL 32772
e-mail to wes@ razny.com reliable service."

BOOKS FOR SALE
IT'S TIME Clock Design & Construction By Laurie Penman
T O SELL Skilled clockmakers and restorers who enjoy teaching the craft
are few in number, and Laurie Penman is probably one of the
A WATCH best known. In Clock Design and Construction he has brought
together his experience at the bench and in teaching, to pro-
TOP PRICES PAID! vide a source book of information that a clockmaker needs,
including the information that many previous books have as-
ROlEX • PATEK PHILIPPE sumed the reader has acquired through apprenticeship. Each
VACHERON &CONSTANTIN aspect of the movement and dial of a clock is considered, and
AUDEMARS PIGUET the instructions needed actually to carry out the work are clearly
BREITliNG • CARTIER given in the text and line drawings. Whether the reader needs
&OTHERS
to know how to make a deadbeat escapement or how to set
Wher you'te reil(i\' 10 sell about painting or engraving a clock dial, the methods and de-
Call Toll Frc'<' sign considerations are provided in a very practical, down to
1-800-842-8625 earth manner. Thus Clock Design and Construction is written to assist both the begin-
Alw<l)l5 wompl p<tymetll!
ner and the experienced clockmaker, in language understandable to both.
Retail: $19.95 AWCI Members: $17.96
VA T]1 rr 1\'rr.cS
~----··-
Practical Clock Escapements By Laurie Penman
This book deals in detail with the five escapements that are
most commonly used in domestic clocks: crown wheel and
verge, recoil anchor, Graham deadbeat, Brocot and platform
escapements. Other types of escapements are also covered.
With over 400 line drawings, the reader is taken step-by-step
through the various operations when making or repairing es-
capements, with recommendations on the materials and tools
to be used.
Retail: $44.95 AWCI Members: $40.46
PLACE YOUR ORDER TODAY!

Call toll free 1-866-367-2924 ext. 301 or visit the
AWCI website: www.awci.com
AWCI Home Study Course

in Clock Repair
Based on the original correspondence course written and administered
by Laurie Penman, AWCI's resident clock instructor, this course is con-
structed to provide information and instruction in a manner that is immedi-
ately useful in both learning and practicing clock repair. The course contains 16 lessons. At the completion of each
lesson you will receive comments and suggestions from Laurie Penman, and a pass or fail grade. Those who achieve
a pass grade in each section will receive a certificate of completion. Mr. Penman will be available to answer questions
or offer suggestions to each student.
The AWCI Home Study Course in Clock Repair package contains all the material and information necessary to
successfully learn the fundamentals of clock repair, including The Clock Repairer's Handbook by Laurie Penman and
a one-year subscription to Steven G. Conover's monthly publication,
Clockmaker's Newsletter. Course participants will be invited to attend a 2-
day meeting at AWCI to confer with Mr. Penman and meet other students.
AWCI Members - $800

Non-members - $900
Contact Nancy Wellmann, AWCI Education Coordinator
E-mail: nwellmann@awci.com
Phone Toll Free 1-866-367-2924, ext. 303 or (513) 367-9800

Advertisers' Index AWCI Employee
Directory
Borel & Co., Jules ........................................................................... 5 James E. Lubic, CMW
(816) 421-6110 Executive Director
Education & Technical Director
Butterworth Clocks, Inc ............................................................... 33 1-866-367-2924 ext. 31 0
(800) 258-5418 jlubic@awci.com
Lucy Fuleki
Cas-Ker Co ..................................................................................... 9 Assistant Executive Director
(513) 674-7700 1-866-367-2924 ext. 304
lfuleki@awci.com
Chronos/WCR ............................................................................... 39
(303) 296-1600 Thomas J. Pack, CPA
Finance Director
1-866-367-2924 ext. 311
Clocks ........................................................................................... 43
tpack@awci.com
011 44 131 331 3200
Laurie Penman
Ferrell & Company ....................................................................... 25 Clock Instructor
(213) 627-6031 1-866-367-2924 ext. 318
lpenman@awci.com
Frei, Otto ....................................................................................... 27
Manuel Yazijian, CMW
{510} 832-0355
Watchmaking Instructor/Certification
Coordinator
International Watch Collectors Society ...................................... 11 1-866-367-2924 ext. 309
(516) 374-5060 myazijian@awci.com
Livesay's, Inc ................................................................................. . 7 Donna K. Baas

(813) 229-2715 Managing Editor/Advertising Manager
1-866-367-2924 ext. 307
dbaas@awci.com
Maxell Corp ......................................................... inside front cover
(201) 794-5900 Nancy L. Wellmann
Education Coordinator
McCaw Co., William S ................................................................... 3 1-866-367-2924 ext. 303
(419) 243-3720 nwellmann@awci.com
Sharon McManus
Seiko Instruments USA, Inc ............................... inside back cover Membership Coordinator
(310) 517-7771 1-866-367-2924 ext. 302
smcmanus@awci.com
Smith Supply House .................................................................... 23
(213) 622-1687 Mary Huff
Technical & Library Coordinator
1-866-367-2924 ext. 305
(214) 351'~o38a"""'"""""""""""""""""""'""'"""'"'"' back cover
Renata ...
mhuff@awci.com
Heather Weaver
Twin City Supply .......................................................................... 13 Receptionist/Secretary
(952) 545-2725 1-866-367-2924 ext. 301
hweaver@awci .com
Vibrograf U.S.A. Corp .................................................................. 21
Jim Meyer
(516) 437-8700 IT Director
1-866-367-2924 ext. 323
jmeyer@awci.com

701 Enterprise Drive
Harrison, OH 45030
Phone: Toll Free 1-866-367-2924
(513) 367-9800
Fax: (513) 367-1414
E-mail: awci@awci.com
Website: www.awci.com
Office Hours: Mon-Fri 8:00 to 5:00 (EST)

SII
®
MADE IN JAPAN
~
~
/ .~- \'{
"'/E'' I
The brand used by Japan 1s most experienced watch maker
Sll Micro Parts Ltd.

13F ARCACENTRAl, 1-2-1, Kinshi Sumida-ku,
Tokyo 130-0013, Japan
Telephone: +81-3-5819-8021 Facsimile: +81-3-5819-8020
www.siimp.co.jp
Seiko Instruments USA Inc.
2990 lomita Boulevard
Torrance, California 90505-51 02
Telephone: (31 0) 517-7771 Facsimile: (31 0) 517-7792
www.siielectroniccomponents.com

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HoROLOGICAL.

American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute

0UALITY. INNOVATION. lONGEVITY.

James E. Lubic, CMW: Executive Director COLUMNS

HOROLOG/CAL TIMES ADVISORY COMMITTEE

FELLOW-American Watchmakers-Ciockmakers Institute

Executive Director's Message

2 Horological Times · January 2007

Whe Wm. S. McCaw Company

4 Horological Times · January 2007

Ron DeCorte, CMW

Five minutes later, arriving in Le Brassus,

6 Horological Times · January 2007

Odi~w ~ 5o't 11~ v~~ ~ ~

A handsome gift box used to display or Watch Gift Box

A Box for Every Gift

456 W. Columbus Dr.

January 2007 Horological Times 7

13RO movement in August of 2006 and made all move-

Available only in 0.950 platinum and limited to 260

8 Horological Times January 2007

Choose HOROTEC tools for expert results every time.

PusherPress - Micro Press Case Opener

January 2007 Horolog ical Times 9

International Watch Collectors Society

• Calendar of major watch sales & auctions.

Membership Application N ame Phone_ _ _ _ _ __

Make check payable to: International Watch Collectors Society, LLc

January 2007 Horological Times 11

12 Horological Times · January 2007

That's the Twin City Supply Advantage

u~ Twin City Supply 2230 Edgewood Avenue South

Phone: 952.545.2725 Fax: 952.545.4715 • USA: 800.328.6009 Fax: 800.328.6001

January 2007 Horological Times 13

Finally, make two thin wooden

14 Horological Times · January 2007

January 8-12, 2007 Introduction to the Watchmaker's Lathe

AWCI CERTIFICATION EXAM SCHEDULE

To register for an exam or for more information contact

January 2007 Horological Times 15

While the basics of the test are rather straightforward

Through extensive trial and error I have found that the

Before we discuss the individual steps of the test

One bar equals one atmosphere of pressure. This

16 Horolog ical Times January 2007

Roxer S. A., Switzerland's premier producer of high

18 Horological Times January 2007

January 2007 Horological Times 19

If a watch case has failed either the dry waterproof test

20 Horological Times · January 2007

ITEMS STILL NEEDED ILLINOIS

Do you have information regarding this month's requests? Do you need

January 2007 Horological Times 21

You Are Invited followed his instructions and to their aston-

22 Horological Times · January 2007

706 S. Hill St., #580

YOUR SUPPLIER OF SPARE PARTS FOR ALL BRANDS OF

CALL TOLL FREE (800) 23-SMITH

January 2007 Horological Times 23

24 Horological Times · January 2007

SUPER WATCH MATERIAL HOUSE SINCE 1972

FERRELL & CO., INC.

January 2007 Horological Times 25

1. Cut off the end of the mainspring with the damaged