Long Question/ Narrative question.

1. What is basic chemical/factor will increase corrosion reaction

Temprature, hygroscopic salts, bacteria, acids and alkalies, bi-metallic contact
and aerobic condition.
2. What is basic of an abrasive have effect on the resulting substate
Size of the particles; Hardness of the material; Density of the material; Shape of
the particle
3. Paints contain what basis ingredient
Binder; Pigments and other additives; Solvent ( where applicable)
4. Binder Function
The binder is the main constituent of the paint and is often referred to as a film
former, other term are vehicle and non volatile
Ease of application
Adhesion to the substrate for expected life of coating
Resistance to abrasion
Resistance to chemical attack according to environment
Cohesive strength; Dialectric strength; ability to resist the passage of water;
Ability to change from a liquid as applied into a solid.
5. Define Pigment?
Pigments have many properties and characteristics. They are derived from many
sources, animal, vegetable, mineral and synthetically produced, and can be in a
wide variety of particle sizes and shapes. Pigments used in paints must remain
as solid particles within the vehicle (the binder plus the solvent if a solvent is
used), and not dissolve. If it dissolves it is known as a dye, not a pigment.
Pigment particles contribute to the paint films strength cohesively, its abrasion
resistance, durability, opacity, in some cases impermeability and resistance to
ultra violet rays.
Some pigment particles are as small as 1/10th micron. Pigments can be
subdivided into groups according to the main function they perform in paint.
6. Four important properties of solvent.
Solvent strength;Evaporation rate;Flash point;Toxicity
7. Four drying mechanisms?
Solvent evaporation, oxidation, chemical curing, coalescence.
8. When using the high/low voltage holiday/pinhole detector.
Holiday and piholes in a paint film are defect which allow ingress of an
electrolyte, and therefore are detrimental to an anti corrosion system and need
repair. Not all defect of this nature are visible to the nacked eye and we therefore
need equipment to facilitate the detection.

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 For coating of thickness above 500 microns it would be necessary to use a high
voltahe holiday detector, But for coating of less than 500 microns it is normal to
use a wet sponge pinhole detector.
9. What is conventional spray?
Conventional spray by air pressure in the spray gun, air use for atomisation.
At the gun, when the trigger is operated, a tapered needle is drawn back opening the
aperture, out of which the paint exits in a continual stream. Approximately 25 mm in front
of the aperture, two air channels, from lugs on the cap, diametrically opposed, blow air to
converge at the paint stream. At this convergeance the paint is atomised into very minute
droplets, and conducted onto the workpiece
10. What is airless spray?
Airless spray by air pressure in the shaft (trục), air not use for atomistion.
With an airless spray the fluid (paint), is pressurised by means of a pump.
Electric motor pumps and hydraulic pumps are sometimes used but the most
common is the pump operated by compressed air. These units operate by
increasing the compressed air inlet pressure by a stated ratio.As the piston is
driven down to pressurise the paint, the one way valve at the paint inlet is forced
to close position and the paint out port is opened. When the piston reached the
bottom of its stroke, the air circuit reverses and forces the piston back upwards.
As this happens the outlet port is closed and the inlet port opens to refill the
cylinder with paint. At the top of the stroke the air circuit reverses again and
drives the piston down again.
The outlet pressure can be adjusted by reducing the inlet pressure from the
compressor
These systems are called airless because air is not used for atomisation.
Atomisation occurs by forcing the paint at extremely high pressure, usually 2000
to 2500 p.s.i through a very small aperture, 12 to 23 thou diameter, into a volume
of air offering a resistance to the paint flow. As the air and paint meet, the paint
atomises.
11. Describle the use of dragger tube and dragger bellow.
Using a special fitting situated on the bellows, the nipples are snapped off both
ends of the tube, which is then inserted into the aperture on the bellows in the
direction indicated by the arrow. The crystals should be adjacent to the bellows.
The bellows are then depressed and released according to the number expressed
as n =, as written circumferentially around the centre of the tube. Each
depression and release slowly draws 100 cc of air through the open end of the
tube, through the crystals and into the bellows. As the air containing the
hazardous material passes into the crystals, a chemical reaction takes place,
resulting in a colour change in the crystals. The extent of the colour change
along the scale is recorded in ppm.

NB. Many variation of crystal combinations exist for monitoring a variety of different
toxicants, all have a different requirement for number of depressions and different colour
changes. The tube for monitoring the concentrations of Xylene needs five depressions and
the colour change is from white to reddish brown.
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 Some materials in common use in the coatings industry do not evaporate into gas or fumes,
they remain instead as tiny particles of solids suspended in the atmosphere. Materials of
this nature cannot therefore be detected by Dräger Tube. They are quantified by the units
milligrams per cubic metre rather than p.p.m.
Three materials, which fall into this category, are Asphalt, Coal Tar and Isocyanates.
Asphalt is considered to be fairly safe with an O.E.L of 5 m/gm per m3. Isocyanates are
very toxic with an M.E.L of 0.02 m gm/m3.
12. What information needs to be record in painting inspection report
Project name, Contract referrence No, Report No, Location, Date, painting
contractor, paint supplier, abbrasive supplier, surface preparation, paint applied,
method of application; Wft, Dft, time; dry buld temperature, wet buld
temperature, related humidity, dew point; steel temperature, type of work;
weather; inspector print, inspector signed, signed engineer.
13. What is the risk assignment on the site.
Safety audit
14. Paint system of aluminium.
Group of paint systems
G1:Water- borne acrylic micaceous iron oxide ( 65 microns minimum)
G2:Epoxy hight build ( 65 microns minimum)
G3:Alkyd or modified alkyd ( 40 microns minimum)
15. If weather continuous bad what record shall be done
Inclement weather record