Acasest

udyoni
nduct
iongener
atorf
orwi
ndpowersyst
em
Lovepr
eetKaur TanuPur
i
Depar
tmentofElect
ricalengi
neeri
ng Depar
tmentofElect
ricalengi
neeri
ng
BabaBandaSinghBahadurEngg.College,
Fatehgar
h BabaBandaSinghBahadurEngg. Col
lege,
Fat
ehgar
h
sahi
b sahi
b
Punjab,
India Punjab,
India
l
ovepr
eet
sar
ao83@gmai
l.
com t
anu.
pur
i@bbsbec.
ac.
in

Abst ract-Inductiongener at or
sar eincreasi ngl
ybei ngusediAni
n nduct i
ongener atororsynchr onousgener atori sa
non-convent ionalener gysyst emssuchaswi nd,mi cro/
mi
t ni
ypeofal ternatingcur rent( AC)el ectricalgener atort hat
hydro,et c.I ni sol at ed syst ems,squi rrelcage i nduct i
on
uses t he pr inci ples ofi nduct ion mot orst o produce
gener atorswi thcapaci torexci tation,knownassel f- exci
ted
power.I nduct iongener atorsoper atebymechani cal l
y
i
nduct i
ongener ators( SE1Gs) ,ar ever ypopul ar.Thi spaper
turning t heirr ot orsf astert han synchr onous speed
present sanexhaust ivesur veyofl iteratureofr esearchonsel f
-excited i nduction gener ator over t he past 30 year [2]
.Theconceptofsel
s f-excitationofi nduct i
onmachi ne
discussi ng the cl assi f
ication ofi nduction gener ator. emer
The ged, forthef i
rstt imei n1935.I n1939Wagner
i
nduct i
ongener at orabi li
tytogener at epoweratvar yi gaveanappr
ngspeed oximat emet hodofanal ysisofsel fexci ted
facil
itates its applicat i
on i n var i
ous modes such as sel i
nduct
f- iongener atorbysepar atingt her ealandr eact ive
excited, st and-alone ( isolated) mode; i n par all par
el wi t
h t
soft heci rcui t.OoiandDavi dhavest udiedt heuse
synchr onousgener at ort osuppl ementt hel ocalload,andi n
of synchr onous condenser i n conj unct i
on wi th
grid-connect edmode. i
nduct ion gener ator f or i mpr oved vol t
age
regulation[1].Ar egularACi nduct i
onmot orusual lycan
Keywor ds-I nduction gener ator
,cl assi f
icati
on ofi nduction
generator,windener gyconser vationsyst em (WECS) . be used as a gener ator, wi thout any i nt ernal
modi fi
cat ion . I nduct i
on gener ator ar e usef ul i n
I. I NTRODUCTI ON applicationssuchasmi nihydr opowerpl ants,wi nd
turbines,ori nr educi nghi ghpr essur egasst reamst o
The i ncr easi ng trend t owardt he use ofr enewabl e l
owerpr essur e,becauset heycanr ecoverener gywi th
energysour cesf orel ect r
icit
ygener at i
onsuchast he relati
velysi mpl econt rols
foll
owi ng:Mi cro-
hydr o,wi ndener gy,bi ogas,andsol ar
energy,a gr eat
er emphasi si s bei ng l aid on t he
developmentofal ow- cost ,l
eastmai ntenance,si mpl e
and st urdy gener at
or uni tf or st andal one i solated
applications.Si nce smal land hydr o wi nd ener gy
sourcesar eavai lableinpl enty,thei rut i
li
zationwasf el
t
quit pr omi si ng t o accompl ish t he f uture ener gy
requirement s.Sel fexci tedasynchr onousgener atorhas
emer gedasapossi bleal ter
nat ivef ori solat
edpower
gener ationf rom r enewabl eener gysour cesbecauseof
i
tsl ow cost& r ugged const r
uct ion[1].However ,it
requiresasui tablecont rollertor egul atet hevol t
agedue
to var i
ation of consumer l oads. Fr om t he
charact eristicsofvol tagegener ationi naSEASG,i tis
essent i
alt ohaveavar iablecapaci tanceatt hemachi ne
terminal st o mai ntain const antvol tagewi th variable Fi g.1Induct i
ongener at or
l
oad.
II
I.CLASSI FICATI ONOFI NDUCTI ONGENERATOR

Onthebasi
sofrot
orconst
ruct
ion,
induct
iongener
ator
s
I
I. CONCEPT ar
etwotypes:

 Thewoundr
otori
nduct
iongener
ator
  Squi
rr
elcagei
nduct
iongener
ator
. util
it
ygr id[ 3]
-[
5].Thevar iabl
efrequencyout putisf ed
i
nt ot he ac suppl y by an ac- dc-ac li
nk converter
Depending upon t he pri
me mover s used (constant consistingofei theraf ullwavedi odebridger ect
ifi
er
speedorvar i
ablespeed)andt heirlocat
ions(neartot he and thyr istori nvertorcombi nati
on orcur rentsour ce
powernet work atorati solated places),generating i
nver t
or(CSI )
thyristor conver t
or l ink one of t he
schemescanbebr oadlycl
assifiedasunder outstandi ng advant ages of DOI G i n wind ener gy
conversi onsyst emsi st hatitist heonlyschemei n
(A) const ant-speedconstantf r
equency( CSCF);
whicht hegener atedpoweri smor et hanther ati
ngof
(B) Var iable–speedconst antfrequency( VSCF);
(C) Var iable-speedvari
ablefrequency( VSVF).[
3],
[4] the machi ne . However , due t o oper ati
onal
disadvant ages, t
heDOI G schemecoul dnot beused
extensivel y.
(A)Constantspeedconst antf r
equency:
(C)Var i
abl e-speedvar iablefr
equency:
Inducti
on generat
or are si
mpl er than synchr onous
generators.Theyareeasiert ooper ate,control,and Sincer esisti
veheat i
ngloadsar eessenti
all
yfrequency
mai nt
ain,donothaveanysynchr onizati
onpr oblems
i
nsensi tive, the synchr onous generat
ors can be
and are economical
.Int hi
s scheme ,pr i
me mover
speedi sheldconstantbycont i
nuousl yadjust i
ngthe affect
edatavar iabl
ef requencycorr
espondingtot he
bladepitchandgenerat
orcharacter
istics.Ani nducti
on changingder i
vedspeed.Fort hi
spurposeSEIGcanbe
generatorcanoperat
eonani nfi
nitebusbaratasl i
pof conveni entl
y used [ 6]. This scheme i s gaining
1%t o5%abovet hesynchr
onousspeed. [3] i
mpor tancef orstandalonewi ndpowerappli
cati
ons.

I
V.WI
NDENERGYCONSERVATI
ON SYSTEM (
WECS)
(
B)Var
iabl
e-speedconst
antf
requency-
The wi nd turbi
ne is one of t he most i mpor tant
component sinwindenergyconver si
onsyst em (
WECS)
Thevar i
able–speedoper ati
onofwi ndel ect ricsystemthatconvertsthekineti
cener gyoft hei ncomingwi nd
yieldshi gherout putf orbot hlowandhi ghwi ndspeeds.i
ntoelectri
cit
yorotherformsofener gy.Awi dedi ver
si t
y
Thisr esul t
si n hi
gherwi nd speeds.Thi sr esult
si n
ofwindt urbinetechnol
ogieshasbeenusedovert he
higherannualener gy yields perr ated i nstalled KWyears[7],t wo group ofwi nd turbines have been
capaci ty .Bot h hor izontaland ver ti
calaxi s wi nd
devel
opedbasedonoper ati
oneitherwi thafixed-speed
turbines exhi bitt his gai n under var iabl e- speedorvari
able-speed,whichincludethef oll
owing–
oper ation[3],
[4].Popul arschemes t o obt ain const ant
frequencyout putfrom var i
ablespeedasf ollows- GROUP ( A)-Fi xed speed wi nd turbi
nes wi t
h power
convert
eri nterface-
1) AC- DC-ACl ink-
The fi
xed speed wi nd tur
bine system consi sts ofa
squir
relcagei nduct iongener ator(SCIG),asof tstarter,
Wi t
ht headventofhi ghpower edt hyristorsandhi gh
and acapaci torbank.I n whi ch t
heSCI Gi sdi r
ect l
y
voltageDC t r
ansmi ssionsyst em, theacout putoft hree
connectedt othegr idthroughast epupt ransformer.
-phaseal ternatorisr ectif
iedbyusi ngabr i
dger ecti
fi
er
Thesof tst arteri susedt ol imithighi nr
ushcur rents
andt henconver tedbackt oacusi ngl i
ne–commut ated
duri
ngsyst em star tup,butabypassswi tchbypasses
i
nver ters.Theyut i
li
zeanacsour ce( powerl ines)whi ch
thi
ssoftst arteraf terthestartedsystem .Thecapaci tor
periodical l
y r everses pol arit
y and cause t he
banki susual l
yr equired to compensat et her eactive
commut ationt ooccurnat urall
y.Si ncet hef requencyi s
powerdr awnbyt hegener ator.
automat icall
yf i
xedbypowerl ine, Theyar eal soknown
assynchr onousi nverters[
5]. Thissystem hasadvant ages, suchassi mpl eelectri
cal
system,moder ate manuf acturing and mai ntenance
2.
) Doubl
eout
puti
nduct
iongener
ator(
DOI
G)-
cost,andhi ghr el
iableoperation.However,italsohas
Thedoubl eoutputi
nducti
ongenerat
ori sdescribedin some disadvant ages.For exampl e,t he outpower
l
iteratur
e.TheDOI Gconsist
sofat hree-
phasewound cannotbeadj usted, l
eadi
ngt of luct
uatedoutputpower
rotorinduct
ionmachine t
hatismechani cal
lycoupled duet ovar
iedwi ndspeed,causi ngvoltagefluctuat
ion
toeitherawindorhydrot
urbi
ne,whosestatorter
mi nal
s and the f
lickeref fectsint he case ofweak gr i
d.
areconnectedtoconstantvolt
ageconstantfrequency Present
ly,despi te such di sadvantages,this WECS
syst
em i
sst
il
lwi
del
yaccept
ed. ofSEI G suchast hepr ocessofi nduct i
ongener at
or,
cl
assifi
cat i
on ofi nduct ion gener ator,wi nd ener gy
GROUP( B)
:Var i
ablespeedwi ndturbineswithreduced conservation ( WECS) .I tis expect ed t hat bet ter
capaci t
yconverter- methodsofr eact i
vepower/ volt
agecont r
oltechni ques
wil
l make t he SEI G mor e sui table f or isol at
ed
Fort hisgroup,i tcanbedi vi
dedint otwotypesbased
appli
cations
ont hepowerr atingofpowerel ectronicconvert
er.The
fi
rstt ypeislimitedvar i
abl
e-speedwi thvariablerot
or VI.REFERENCES
resi
st ance.Thist ypeofturbinehasasmal loperati
on
range of10% above t he synchronous speed oft he [1] G.K.Singh“ self
-exci
tedinducti
ongener at
orresearch–-a
survey”research69(2004)107-114.
gener ator,whichdependsonvar iablegeneratorrot
or [2] E.D.Basset,F.M.Potter,"
capaci
ti
veexcitat
ionforinduct
ion
resi
st anceinwhicht hesyst
em generator"
,AIEEtrans.54(
1935)540-545.
[
3] L.QuazeneandG. Mcpher sonJr .,
'
'Analysisofani sol
at ed
i
nduct i
ongener ator,
''
IEEETr ans. powerApp. syst .,
vol.102,no.
Usesawoundr ot ori nductiongener ator( WRIG)witha PAS- 8,
pp. 2793- 2798, Aug.1983.
variableaddi ti
onalr otorresist
ance, whi chi scontr
olled [
4] F.C.Dezza, A. D.Ger i
ando, and R.perini,'
'
performance
bypowerel ectroni cs .I n addit
ion,a sof tstart
eri s compar isonamongdi f
ferentconver tersfedbysel f-
excitied
winddr iveni nduct iongener ators,
''
proc.7thI nt.
conf .El
ectr i
c
neededt or educet hei nrushcur rentandacapaci tor machi nedr ives, 1995,pp. 438-443.
banki salsoinstat edt ocompensat ether eacti
vepower [
5] B.si
ngh,''i
nduct ion gener ator-
A prospect ive''
power
systems, vol .
23,pp/ 163- 177,1955.
demandofgener at or.Wi thsuchidea,t heout putpower [
6] R.6.Bansal ,D. P. Kothar,andT. S.
Bhatti,
"i
nduct i
ongener ator
andsl i
pcanbecont roll
ed,sot hesyst em cancapt ure for i solat ed hybr id power syst em appl i
cat i
ons: A
revi
ew" ,
pr oc. 24 Nat .
Renewabl e Ener gy
mor e ener gy from t he wi nd energy.Ther efor
e, the conversion, Bombay, I
ndia,Nov. 30/Dec.2,2000, pp.462-467.
WECSt othisconf igur ati
onhasadvant ages, suchast he [
7] Sujoychakr abor aty,Abhi j
itsinha,Sapt arshDut ta,Nabar un
Biswas,' '
Ar eview paperofwi ndener gy",23r d&24t hApr il
si
mpl e ci rcuit , moder at
e manuf acturi
ng and 2011.
mai ntenancecost, rel i
able,andreductionofmechani cal
l
oadandpowerf luct uati
on. However,i tal sohassome
disadvant ages. Forexampl e,thespeedr angedepends
ont hesi zeoft hevar i
abler ot
orr esistance, andt he
cont rolofreacti
veandact i
veispoor .[
8]

Fi
g.2I
nduct
iongener
atorf
orWECS

V.CONCLUSI
ON

Ini solat
edsyst ems,t
heuseofSEI Gof fersmany
advantages over a synchr onous gener ator .I ti s
desir
ablet hatthecostofani solat
edsyst em shoul dbe
verylowsot hatt
hecostofpowerpr oducedf rom i
tcan
be afforded by the poorcommuni t
yr esi ding i
n an
i
solated ar ea .Use oft he SEIG compar ed tot he
synchronous gener atorcan reduce the syst em cost
considerably. Thi s ar ticl
e has pr esent ed a
compr ehensivelit
eratur
ereview oni mpor tantaspect s