CAPABILITY BUILDING FOR JHS SCIENCE

TEACHERS ON CRITICAL CONTENT

STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING CREATIVE
THINKING AND OTHER HIGHER ORDER
THINKING SKILLS

Session 2
optics
SCIENCE DOMAIN: Force, Energy and Motion

Facilitator:

CLYDE D. REALINGO
TEACHER III
Jose Sanvictores Sr. NS
Department of Education
Objectives

At the end of the session, the teachers should be able to:

1. locate the focal point of curved mirrors and lenses;
2. measure the focal length of curved mirrors and lenses;
3. differentiate real image from virtual image;
4. describe the location, size, orientation and the kind of images formed by curved
mirrors and lenses;
5. perform the different optics activities;
6. apply the concepts of curved mirrors and lenses;

Key Understandings

1. A curved mirror is a reflecting surface in which its surface is a section of sphere.

There are two kinds of curved mirrors, the concave and the convex mirrors. A spoon
is a kind of a curved mirror with both concave and convex surfaces.
2. Center of Curvature C is the center of the sphere. Vertex V is the center of the
mirror. Focal Point/Focus F is the point between the center of the curvature and
vertex. Its distance from the mirror is known as the focal length f.
3. A real image is always inverted whereas a virtual image is always erect. A real
image is formed when the rays of light after reflection or refraction actually meet at
some point whereas a virtual image is formed when the rays of light after reflection
or refraction appear to meet at a point.
4. In concave mirror- when the object is outside C the image is between F and C,
inverted, smaller in size and real; when the object is at C the image is at C, inverted,
same size and real; when the object is between F and C the image is outside C,
inverted, bigger in size and real; when the object is in front of the mirror the image
appears behind the mirror, erect, smaller in size and virtual.
In convex mirror, when the object is at any point front of the mirror the image
appears behind the mirror, erect, smaller in size and virtual.
In convex lens, when the object is at 2F the image is at 2F, inverted, same size and
real; when the object is between 2F and F the image is outside 2F’, larger in size,
inverted and real; when the object is between the lens and F the image is at the
 same side of the lens, larger in size, erect and virtual; when the object is outside 2F
the image is between 2F’, reduced in size, inverted and real.
In concave lens, when the object is at any place the image is at the same side of the
lens, smaller, erect, and virtual.
5. Concave mirrors are used in reflecting telescopes. Concave mirrors are used to
gather light from a small source and direct it toward in a beam as in torches,
headlamps and spotlights.
6. Convex mirrors used for cars because they give an upright image and provide a
wider field of view as they curved outwards.
7. Human Eye, Camera, Magnifying Glass, Telescopes and Microscope

Materials Time Allotment

For Activities:
Ray box, curved mirrors, lenses, sheet 4 hours
of paper, colored pen, candle, meter
sticks, metal spoon, improvised optical
bench, ruler, pencil, meter sticks, manila

.
References
Herma D. Acosta et. al , Science Learners Materials 10, First Edition 2015 DepEd-
Bureau of Secondary Education Curriculum Development Division ,pp. 181-203

Delia Cordero-Navaza et al, Science and Technology Physics, Second Edition,

SIBS Publishing House, Inc. 2001, pp. 383-399
Procedure
Preliminary Activity (20 mins.)
The Facilitator will start the training in greetings, prayer and energizer. He will
distribute diff. objects related to mirrors and lenses. He will instruct the participants
to describe the objects and classify using the given table. Allow them to examine
the objects.

Classify the objects using this table.

OBJECTS MIRRORS LENS

SPOT LIGHT SIDE MIRROR DEPT. STORE MIRROR

CONTACT LENS CAMERA LENS HUMAN LENS

ACTIVITY (120 mins.)

The Chief Trainer will distribute the activity sheets to the participants. He
discusses the procedures and allows them to perform the activity.

1. Descriptions: The participants will locate the focal point and measure the
focal length of the curved mirrors and lenses.

Activity 1. Meet Up! (Focal Point)

Description: The participants will locate the images formed in curved mirrors and
lenses.

Activity 2. Images Formed by Curved Mirrors

Description: The participants will construct diagram and describe the location, size,
orientation and the kind of images formed by curved mirrors.

Activity 3. Are you L-O-S-T after Reflection?

Description: The participant will locate the images formed in lenses.

Activity 4. Images Formed by Lenses.

ANALYSIS (60 mins.)
Analysis1.
1. What happened to the light rays as you placed the concave mirror, convex
mirror, concave lens and convex lens near the ray box?
2. How do you locate/determine the focal point of curved mirrors and lenses?
3. What do you call the distance from the mirror to the focal point?
4. Where is the image formed in real image? Virtual image?
Analysis 2.
1. What happens to the images formed as you change the distance of the
objects to the mirror?
2. What generalization from the nature of images formed by convex mirror and
concave mirror?
Analysis 3.
1. How does the location of the object affect the characteristics and location of
the image formed in a concave mirror? Convex mirror?

Analysis 4.
1. What is the focal length of the convex lens?
2. How would you describe the image formed if a distant object is used?
3. What kind of lenses are magnifying glasses? When a magnifying glass
produces a sharp clear image, where is the object located in relation to the
lens?
4. Where should the magnifying glass be placed to produce a large and
upright image, closer to the eye or nearer to the object? Why?

ABSTRACTION (30 mins.)

1. A curved mirror is a reflecting surface in which its surface is a section of sphere.

There are two kinds of curved mirrors, the concave and the convex mirrors. A spoon
is a kind of a curved mirror with both concave and convex surfaces.
2. Center of Curvature C is the center of the sphere. Vertex V is the center of the
mirror. Focal Point/Focus F is the point between the center of the curvature and
vertex. Its distance from the mirror is known as the focal length f.
3. A real image is always inverted whereas a virtual image is always erect. A real
image is formed when the rays of light after reflection or refraction actually meet at
some point whereas a virtual image is formed when the rays of light after reflection
or refraction appear to meet at a point.
4.
IMAGE
Location of Object Location Orientation Size (same Type (real
(upright or , reduced or or virtual)
inverted) enlarged)
CONCAVE Bet. F inverted reduced real
A. Farther than the and C
Center of Curvature
B. At the Center of At C inverted same size real
Curvature
C. Between the Beyond inverted enlarged real
Center of Curvature C
and the Focal point
D. At the Focal point No Image
E. Between the Focal Behind upright enlarged virtual
point and the Center the
of the mirror (Vertex) mirror
CONVEX Behind upright reduced virtual
F. Farther than C in the
front of the Mirror. mirror
G. Between F and V Behind upright reduced virtual
in front of the mirror the
mirror
APPLICATION (10 mins)
1. What type of mirror do dentists usually use to clearly see the images of our
teeth?
2. What kind of curved mirror do you see in most of the department stores?
Why do they use such kind of mirrors.
3. Concave mirrors are used in reflecting telescopes. Concave mirrors are used
to gather light from a small source and direct it toward in a beam as in torches,
headlamps and spotlights.
4. Human Eye, Magnifying lens, Telescopes and Camera

Closing ( 10 mins)

.
ACTIVITY 1:
MEET UP!
OBJECTIVES:
1. Locate the focal point F of the curved mirrors and lenses.
2. Measure the focal length.
3. Differentiate real image from virtual image.

MATERIALS:
Ray box, curved mirrors, lenses, sheets of paper, colored pen
PROCEDURES:
1. Put the sheet of paper on your table. Switch on the Ray box.
2. Place the Ray box and the concave mirror as shown in the diagram.

3. Trace the path of light from the source and the reflected rays in the sheet of
paper using different colored pens.
4. Mark the focal point F where the reflected rays meet and the vertex V which
is the center of the mirror.
5. Record the focal length by measuring the distance from the center of the
mirror or vertex V to the focal point F.
6. Repeat procedure no. 2 but this time use convex mirror, concave lens and
convex lens.
 7. Use a table to summarize your data.

Mirror Diagram Focal length (cm)

Concave

Convex

Lens

Concave

Convex

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What happened as you placed the curved mirrors and lenses at a distance
to the ray box?
2. How do you locate or determine the focal point of the concave mirror?
Convex mirror? Concave lens? and Convex lens?
3. What do you call the distance from mirror or vertex V to the focal point?
4. Where is the focal point in real image? virtual image?

CONCLUSION:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Activity 4.
Are you L-O-S-T after Reflection?
Objective:
1. Construct ray diagrams to determine the location, orientation, size and type
of images formed by curved mirror.

Materials:
Protractor and ruler, sheets of paper
Procedure:
1. Using Protractor and the ruler, copy each of the diagrams (A-G) below
on a separate sheet of paper. As much as possible, use the four principal
rays to locate the image formed in a curved mirror.

A. B.

C F C F

C. D.

C F C F

E.

C F
Convex Mirror

F C

F C

2. Use a table similar to Table 1. below to summarize the characteristics

and location of the images formed.

Table1. Location, Orientation, Size and Type of Image Formed in

Curved Mirrors.
IMAGE
Location of Object Location Orientation Size (same , Type
(upright or reduced or (real or
inverted) enlarged) virtual)
CONCAVE
A. Farther than the
Center of Curvature
B. At the Center of
Curvature
C.Between the Center
of Curvature and the
Focal point
D. At the Focal point
E. Between the Focal
point and the Center of
the mirror (Vertex)
 CONVEX
F. Farther than C in
front of the Mirror.
G. Between F and V in
front of the mirror

Guide Questions:
1. Refer to table 1. How does the location of the object affect the characteristics
and location of the image formed in a concave mirror? Convex mirror?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. What type of mirror do dentists usually use to clearly see the images of our
teeth? Why?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

3. What kind of curved mirror do you see in most of the department stores?
Why do they use such kind of mirror?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Activity 4